Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.60072
Pedro Henrique da Silva Medrado, André Luiz Graf Junior, Gabriela Carolina dos Santos, J. T. Tolentino Júnior, A. T. Itako
The aim of this work was to verify the efficiency of different isolates of Trichoderma spp. on the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotium cepivorum, and the influence they pose on the conidia production of Trichoderma spp. For mycelial growth, discs with inoculum of phytopathogens were placed on the center of the Petri dishes followed by the addition of two Trichoderma sp. discs on the opposite sides of the plate after 24 hours. Every 12 hours data were collected from colonies diameters and used for the analyses of Mycelial Growth Index (MGI) and Area Under the Curve of Mycelial Growth (AUCMG). The analyses were performed by a completely randomized design with two controls, a negative one without Trichoderma sp. and one with a commercial strain of Trichoderma harzianum. Spore solution for evaluation of conidia production were made by adding 10 mL of distilled water and scratching the surface of the colonies. For S. cepivorum, all Trichoderma spp. strains reduced both indexes tested. However, while for MGI S. sclerotiorum also presented some reduction on the growth rate, the total area of this fungus was not affected. Sclerotium rolfsii strains of Trichoderma sp. from Lages and Curitibanos showed an effect on the reduction of AUCMG of this fungus, although none of the Trichoderma affected the growth rate of this phytopathogen. On the presence of S. sclerotiorum and S. cepivorum, none of the Trichoderma spp. showed any difference on conidia production when compared among themselves, nonetheless we did notice that on the presence of S. cepivorum, the strain from Rio do Sul retained its reproductive ability compared to control. Results obtained from this research can demonstrate the importance of biocontrol agents against different plant pathogens since it might have a specific antagonist-pathogen relation.
{"title":"Efficiency of different strains of Trichoderma on the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotium cepivorum","authors":"Pedro Henrique da Silva Medrado, André Luiz Graf Junior, Gabriela Carolina dos Santos, J. T. Tolentino Júnior, A. T. Itako","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.60072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.60072","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to verify the efficiency of different isolates of Trichoderma spp. on the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotium rolfsii and Sclerotium cepivorum, and the influence they pose on the conidia production of Trichoderma spp. For mycelial growth, discs with inoculum of phytopathogens were placed on the center of the Petri dishes followed by the addition of two Trichoderma sp. discs on the opposite sides of the plate after 24 hours. Every 12 hours data were collected from colonies diameters and used for the analyses of Mycelial Growth Index (MGI) and Area Under the Curve of Mycelial Growth (AUCMG). The analyses were performed by a completely randomized design with two controls, a negative one without Trichoderma sp. and one with a commercial strain of Trichoderma harzianum. Spore solution for evaluation of conidia production were made by adding 10 mL of distilled water and scratching the surface of the colonies. For S. cepivorum, all Trichoderma spp. strains reduced both indexes tested. However, while for MGI S. sclerotiorum also presented some reduction on the growth rate, the total area of this fungus was not affected. Sclerotium rolfsii strains of Trichoderma sp. from Lages and Curitibanos showed an effect on the reduction of AUCMG of this fungus, although none of the Trichoderma affected the growth rate of this phytopathogen. On the presence of S. sclerotiorum and S. cepivorum, none of the Trichoderma spp. showed any difference on conidia production when compared among themselves, nonetheless we did notice that on the presence of S. cepivorum, the strain from Rio do Sul retained its reproductive ability compared to control. Results obtained from this research can demonstrate the importance of biocontrol agents against different plant pathogens since it might have a specific antagonist-pathogen relation.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89907344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.60336
Érika de Pádua Alves, A. Bosso, L. Morioka, H. H. Suguimoto
Yeast’s beta-galactosidase is an intracellular enzyme, through which it is possible to determine in vivo its activity as a biocatalyst in the lactose hydrolysis. Permeabilization process was used for transforming the microorganisms cells into biocatalysts with an enhanced enzyme activity. The potential application of this enzyme technology in industrial process depends mainly on the enzyme activity. Beta-galactosidase enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose, for instance, is largely dependent on the reaction time and its stability under different physical conditions, such as pH, temperature and enzyme concentration. The objective of this study was to optimize the cellular permeabilization process of Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 3172 and Saccharomyces fragilis CCT 7586 cultured in cheese whey for lactose hydrolysis. Box-Behnken design was carried out for cell permeabilization with three independent variables, ethanol concentration, permeabilization time and temperature. The best permeability conditions for K. marxianus CCT 3172 were 27% (v v-1) ethanol, 3 min at 20ºC, with specific enzymatic activity of 0.98 U mg-1. For S. fragilis CCT 7586, a specific enzymatic activity of 1.31 U mg-1 was achieved using 45% (v v-1) of ethanol, 17 min. of reaction under 17ºC. Thus, it was concluded that cellular permeabilization with ethanol is an efficient process to determine beta-galactosidase activity.
酵母的β -半乳糖苷酶是一种细胞内酶，通过它可以确定其在体内作为乳糖水解生物催化剂的活性。采用渗透法将微生物细胞转化为具有增强酶活性的生物催化剂。该酶技术在工业生产中的应用前景主要取决于酶的活性。例如，水解乳糖的β -半乳糖苷酶在很大程度上取决于反应时间及其在不同物理条件下的稳定性，如pH值、温度和酶浓度。本研究的目的是优化在奶酪乳清中培养的马氏克鲁维菌CCT 3172和脆弱酵母CCT 7586对乳糖水解的细胞渗透过程。以乙醇浓度、渗透时间和温度为自变量，采用Box-Behnken设计进行细胞渗透试验。马氏K. marxianus CCT 3172的最佳渗透条件为27% (v - v-1)乙醇，20℃下3 min，比酶活性为0.98 U mg-1。在17℃条件下，当乙醇浓度为45% (v - v-1)，反应时间为17 min时，脆弱葡萄球菌CCT 7586的比酶活性为1.31 U mg-1。因此，我们得出的结论是，细胞渗透与乙醇是一个有效的过程，以确定β -半乳糖苷酶的活性。
{"title":"Cell permeabilization of Kluyveromyces and Saccharomyces species to obtain potential biocatalysts for lactose hydrolysis","authors":"Érika de Pádua Alves, A. Bosso, L. Morioka, H. H. Suguimoto","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.60336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.60336","url":null,"abstract":"Yeast’s beta-galactosidase is an intracellular enzyme, through which it is possible to determine in vivo its activity as a biocatalyst in the lactose hydrolysis. Permeabilization process was used for transforming the microorganisms cells into biocatalysts with an enhanced enzyme activity. The potential application of this enzyme technology in industrial process depends mainly on the enzyme activity. Beta-galactosidase enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose, for instance, is largely dependent on the reaction time and its stability under different physical conditions, such as pH, temperature and enzyme concentration. The objective of this study was to optimize the cellular permeabilization process of Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT 3172 and Saccharomyces fragilis CCT 7586 cultured in cheese whey for lactose hydrolysis. Box-Behnken design was carried out for cell permeabilization with three independent variables, ethanol concentration, permeabilization time and temperature. The best permeability conditions for K. marxianus CCT 3172 were 27% (v v-1) ethanol, 3 min at 20ºC, with specific enzymatic activity of 0.98 U mg-1. For S. fragilis CCT 7586, a specific enzymatic activity of 1.31 U mg-1 was achieved using 45% (v v-1) of ethanol, 17 min. of reaction under 17ºC. Thus, it was concluded that cellular permeabilization with ethanol is an efficient process to determine beta-galactosidase activity.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80422224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-18DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59893
A. Marianti, Y. Anggraito, W. Christijanti
The potential of chitosan as a blood lead chelator and an antioxidant had been proven, yet its ability was still not optimal. Chitosan had a relatively large molecular size, which reduced the effectivity of its distribution towards the tissues. Gamma Co-60 irradiation technique was presumably applicable to solve the issue. The antioxidant activity of chitosan could also be optimized by the addition of vitamin E. This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity of the combination of Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan and vitamin E in lead acetate-induced rats. Twenty-four rats, which were distributed in six groups, were treated using the combination of gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan at a dose of 150 kGy and vitamin E 1000 IU. All groups, except for the naïve group, were induced with lead acetate. The positive control group was induced with only lead acetate, while treatment group 1 had an additional treatment of irradiated chitosan. The treatment groups 2-4 were treated using the combination of irradiated chitosan and vitamin E in increasing doses respectively for forty days. Blood serum was collected for measurement of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that the provided treatment increased the enzymatic activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx, and reduced the MDA level in lead acetate-induced rats. However, as the vitamin E dosage was increased, it posed several side effects. It was concluded that the combination Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan and vitamin E increased the activity of various endogenous antioxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation, dependent on the amount of vitamin E.
{"title":"Antioxidant activity of gamma cobalt-60 irradiated chitosan and vitamin E combination to lead acetate-induced rats","authors":"A. Marianti, Y. Anggraito, W. Christijanti","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59893","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of chitosan as a blood lead chelator and an antioxidant had been proven, yet its ability was still not optimal. Chitosan had a relatively large molecular size, which reduced the effectivity of its distribution towards the tissues. Gamma Co-60 irradiation technique was presumably applicable to solve the issue. The antioxidant activity of chitosan could also be optimized by the addition of vitamin E. This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant activity of the combination of Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan and vitamin E in lead acetate-induced rats. Twenty-four rats, which were distributed in six groups, were treated using the combination of gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan at a dose of 150 kGy and vitamin E 1000 IU. All groups, except for the naïve group, were induced with lead acetate. The positive control group was induced with only lead acetate, while treatment group 1 had an additional treatment of irradiated chitosan. The treatment groups 2-4 were treated using the combination of irradiated chitosan and vitamin E in increasing doses respectively for forty days. Blood serum was collected for measurement of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that the provided treatment increased the enzymatic activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx, and reduced the MDA level in lead acetate-induced rats. However, as the vitamin E dosage was increased, it posed several side effects. It was concluded that the combination Gamma Co-60 irradiated chitosan and vitamin E increased the activity of various endogenous antioxidant enzymes and decreased lipid peroxidation, dependent on the amount of vitamin E.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90568504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.56400
Abidã Gênesis da Silva Neves, Luciana Gomes Pinheiro, C. Fajardo, F. A. Vieira
The growing extractive activity in forest areas, the inefficient use of management practices combined with the intensification of socioeconomic activities, are the main factors in the loss of biodiversity. In order to reduce environmental impacts, genetic characterization of populations allows to infer about their real situation. Thus, the present study aimed to perform an analysis of the genetic diversity of populations of Syagrus cearensis using ISSR markers. Populations AQU (Aquicultura), MTB (Mata do Bebo) and MOD (Mata Olho d´água) were sampled, totaling 53 individuals. ISSR markers generated a total of 61 loci. The AQU population had the highest polymorphism index (71%), followed by MTB (57%) and MOD (53%). AQU showed the highest index of genetic diversity, compared to the MTB and MOD populations. There was a high and significant genetic differentiation between populations. Bayesian analysis identified the existence of two groups (K = 2). The genetic bottleneck test was significant for the AQU and MOD populations, according to the SMM model. Thus, the populations of genetic diversity index close to the averages found for tropical species with a similar life history. The presence of a genetic bottleneck was detected in populations. The AQU population presented low sharing of genotypes with the others and should be prioritized in conservation activities.
森林地区日益增长的采掘活动、管理方法的低效利用以及社会经济活动的加剧是生物多样性丧失的主要因素。为了减少对环境的影响，对种群的遗传特征可以推断出它们的真实情况。因此，本研究旨在利用ISSR标记对锡格鲁斯种群的遗传多样性进行分析。采集种群AQU (Aquicultura)、MTB (Mata do Bebo)和MOD (Mata Olho d´água)，共53只。ISSR标记共产生61个位点。AQU人群多态性指数最高(71%)，其次是MTB(57%)和MOD(53%)。与MTB和MOD群体相比，AQU群体的遗传多样性指数最高。居群间遗传分化程度高且显著。贝叶斯分析确定了两个群体的存在(K = 2)。根据SMM模型，遗传瓶颈检验在AQU和MOD群体中显著。因此，种群的遗传多样性指数接近生活史相似的热带物种的平均值。在种群中发现了遗传瓶颈的存在。该种群与其他种群的基因型共享度较低，应优先保护。
{"title":"Genetic diversity of Syagrus cearensis Noblick in natural populations: implications for conservation of genetic resources","authors":"Abidã Gênesis da Silva Neves, Luciana Gomes Pinheiro, C. Fajardo, F. A. Vieira","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.56400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.56400","url":null,"abstract":"The growing extractive activity in forest areas, the inefficient use of management practices combined with the intensification of socioeconomic activities, are the main factors in the loss of biodiversity. In order to reduce environmental impacts, genetic characterization of populations allows to infer about their real situation. Thus, the present study aimed to perform an analysis of the genetic diversity of populations of Syagrus cearensis using ISSR markers. Populations AQU (Aquicultura), MTB (Mata do Bebo) and MOD (Mata Olho d´água) were sampled, totaling 53 individuals. ISSR markers generated a total of 61 loci. The AQU population had the highest polymorphism index (71%), followed by MTB (57%) and MOD (53%). AQU showed the highest index of genetic diversity, compared to the MTB and MOD populations. There was a high and significant genetic differentiation between populations. Bayesian analysis identified the existence of two groups (K = 2). The genetic bottleneck test was significant for the AQU and MOD populations, according to the SMM model. Thus, the populations of genetic diversity index close to the averages found for tropical species with a similar life history. The presence of a genetic bottleneck was detected in populations. The AQU population presented low sharing of genotypes with the others and should be prioritized in conservation activities.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74744178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58248
David Gabriel Campos Pereira, Mickaelly Jordanya Guimarães Silva, M. W. P. Meira, H. Santos, José Santos Neto, M. M. Megda, M. Megda
The continuous use of KCl may not be sustainable in the long term in agricultural systems. High doses used in crops accumulate in the soil and plants, hindering the metabolic processes of soil organisms. This study assessed the soil microbial activity in response to the application of K sources in banana crop and effects on microbial C. The experimental design was completely randomized with four K sources: potassium nitrate (KNO3), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), and monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) at 200 mg kg-1 of K2O, besides the control (without K) and combinations KCl:K2SO4. KCl application increased microbial activity 7 days after incubation, with gradual reduction over time. The isolated application of K2SO4 and the combination KCl: K2SO4 at the ratio 60: 40% increased total CO2 released by the microbiota. K2SO4 source had the highest microbial biomass C (MBC), as well as the 60: 40 combinations. Isolated application of K sources, especially with high chloride concentration, reduces the soil microbial activity and MBC.
{"title":"Microbial activity and carbon rates the soil in response to the application of potassium sources","authors":"David Gabriel Campos Pereira, Mickaelly Jordanya Guimarães Silva, M. W. P. Meira, H. Santos, José Santos Neto, M. M. Megda, M. Megda","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58248","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous use of KCl may not be sustainable in the long term in agricultural systems. High doses used in crops accumulate in the soil and plants, hindering the metabolic processes of soil organisms. This study assessed the soil microbial activity in response to the application of K sources in banana crop and effects on microbial C. The experimental design was completely randomized with four K sources: potassium nitrate (KNO3), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), and monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) at 200 mg kg-1 of K2O, besides the control (without K) and combinations KCl:K2SO4. KCl application increased microbial activity 7 days after incubation, with gradual reduction over time. The isolated application of K2SO4 and the combination KCl: K2SO4 at the ratio 60: 40% increased total CO2 released by the microbiota. K2SO4 source had the highest microbial biomass C (MBC), as well as the 60: 40 combinations. Isolated application of K sources, especially with high chloride concentration, reduces the soil microbial activity and MBC.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89083345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.56386
F. Mahmoud, A. Gadel-Rab, R. E. Said, S. Saber, Boshra A. ElSalkh, Aml Sayed Said, M. Atia
Atrazine and nitrate have been shown to act as potent oxidative stressors in amphibians either alone or in combination under stable laboratory conditions, causing histopathological alternations in liver and kidney structures at the sub-lethal concentrations. A control group and three treatments groups were tested; atrazine, nitrate, atrazine-nitrate treatments with doses of 300 μg L-1, 200 mg L-1 and their combination respectively. Sever distortion in liver and kidney tissues were shown related to the different treatments. The most hepatic lesions were observed depletion in glycogen content, degeneration of hepatocytes, hemorrhage, necrosis, vasodilatation, congestion in blood vessels, cloudy swelling in the hepatocytes and aggregation of melanomacrophage cells in between the hepatocytes that increased in combination treatment group. In kidney, the most lesions were represented in degeneration of renal tubules, fibrosis, hemorrhage, leucocytes infiltration, thickness in the wall of the renal capsule, atrophy of glomerulus, deformation of Bowman’s epithelium. These negative impacts may be a bioindicator alarming the ecosystem disrupting caused by the uncontrolled apply of these chemicals in agriculture.
{"title":"Impact of atrazine and nitrate on liver and kidney of egyptian toad Sclerophrys regularis: bioindicator alarming on ecosystem","authors":"F. Mahmoud, A. Gadel-Rab, R. E. Said, S. Saber, Boshra A. ElSalkh, Aml Sayed Said, M. Atia","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.56386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.56386","url":null,"abstract":"Atrazine and nitrate have been shown to act as potent oxidative stressors in amphibians either alone or in combination under stable laboratory conditions, causing histopathological alternations in liver and kidney structures at the sub-lethal concentrations. A control group and three treatments groups were tested; atrazine, nitrate, atrazine-nitrate treatments with doses of 300 μg L-1, 200 mg L-1 and their combination respectively. Sever distortion in liver and kidney tissues were shown related to the different treatments. The most hepatic lesions were observed depletion in glycogen content, degeneration of hepatocytes, hemorrhage, necrosis, vasodilatation, congestion in blood vessels, cloudy swelling in the hepatocytes and aggregation of melanomacrophage cells in between the hepatocytes that increased in combination treatment group. In kidney, the most lesions were represented in degeneration of renal tubules, fibrosis, hemorrhage, leucocytes infiltration, thickness in the wall of the renal capsule, atrophy of glomerulus, deformation of Bowman’s epithelium. These negative impacts may be a bioindicator alarming the ecosystem disrupting caused by the uncontrolled apply of these chemicals in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86874948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59175
Bárbara Dias Araújo, R. Maia, Lucas Arantes-Garcia, Y. Oki, D. Negreiros, I. Assis, G. Fernandes
The collapse of the Fundão tailings dam of the Samarco mining complex in Mariana, Brazil, was the largest mining disaster in the world to date with many socio-economic and environmental impacts. Soil affected by mining tailings was severely altered with negative impacts for agriculture. We tested whether diluting mining tailings with organic soil would eliminate or at least attenuate the ecotoxic effects on plant development and performance. We cultivated radish, Raphanus sativus, in substrates containing different proportions of mining tailings and organic soil: pure tailings (T100%); 2) tailings75% + soil25% (T75%); 3) tailings50% + soil50% (T50%); 4) tailings25% + soil75% (T25%), and 5) pure organic soil (Soil100%, control). There were large differences in soil quality parameters between the 100% tailings treatment (T100%) and the control (Soil100%), as well as for some parameters in the most diluted treatment - T25% (Ca2+, Fe, Mn) in relation to the control treatment. Although dilution of the tailings soil improved radish development, there was lower radish productivity (leaf area, total biomass, and root/tuber biomass) than for pure soil (control). There were also significantly higher amounts of bioaccumulated metals in radish tubers grown with tailings, even when grown in T25% for Fe content and in T75% for Mn content. These results present a worrisome scenario for human communities in the region of the Doce river, as human consumption of crops produced in soil contaminated with tailings is not recommended due to potential toxicological effects from high metal concentrations.
{"title":"Aftershocks of the Samarco disaster: diminished growth and increased metal content of Raphanus sativus cultivated in soil with mining tailings","authors":"Bárbara Dias Araújo, R. Maia, Lucas Arantes-Garcia, Y. Oki, D. Negreiros, I. Assis, G. Fernandes","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59175","url":null,"abstract":"The collapse of the Fundão tailings dam of the Samarco mining complex in Mariana, Brazil, was the largest mining disaster in the world to date with many socio-economic and environmental impacts. Soil affected by mining tailings was severely altered with negative impacts for agriculture. We tested whether diluting mining tailings with organic soil would eliminate or at least attenuate the ecotoxic effects on plant development and performance. We cultivated radish, Raphanus sativus, in substrates containing different proportions of mining tailings and organic soil: pure tailings (T100%); 2) tailings75% + soil25% (T75%); 3) tailings50% + soil50% (T50%); 4) tailings25% + soil75% (T25%), and 5) pure organic soil (Soil100%, control). There were large differences in soil quality parameters between the 100% tailings treatment (T100%) and the control (Soil100%), as well as for some parameters in the most diluted treatment - T25% (Ca2+, Fe, Mn) in relation to the control treatment. Although dilution of the tailings soil improved radish development, there was lower radish productivity (leaf area, total biomass, and root/tuber biomass) than for pure soil (control). There were also significantly higher amounts of bioaccumulated metals in radish tubers grown with tailings, even when grown in T25% for Fe content and in T75% for Mn content. These results present a worrisome scenario for human communities in the region of the Doce river, as human consumption of crops produced in soil contaminated with tailings is not recommended due to potential toxicological effects from high metal concentrations.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79183030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.54091
C. M. Carreira, S. C. Semprebon, D. Sartori, S. Lepri, M. Mantovani
β-Glucans (βG) are polysaccharides widely distributed in nature with chemopreventive properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of βG and the combined treatment with doxorubicin (Dox) on cell viability and mRNA levels of genes involved in cell cycle, apoptosis and antioxidant response. βG was not cytotoxic. The mRNA levels of CCNA2 of cells exposed to β-glucan was upregulated and the exposure to Dox decreased the expression, while the combination led to an upregulation. Modulation of mRNA levels of CASP9 suggest that βG could inhibit promotion and progression steps of carcinogenesis, eliminating neoplastic cells. The upregulation of CCNA2 gene in combined treatment could be occurred due to ability of βG in restoring the cell cycle distribution pattern after treatment with Dox. The upregulation of SOD1 suggests that βG can enhance the intracellular antioxidant defense, reducing the levels of superoxide dismutase induced by Dox. This response could reduce oxidative damage and attenuate tissue damage during chemotherapeutic treatment. Our data suggest that the drug combination may be less effective in killing tumor cells than the treatment with Dox alone. Thus, future studies should carefully consider this effect on indication of βG during chemotherapy
{"title":"Effects of β-glucan from S. cerevisiae on the expression of Casp9, Ccna2 and Sod1 genes in MCF-7 cells","authors":"C. M. Carreira, S. C. Semprebon, D. Sartori, S. Lepri, M. Mantovani","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.54091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.54091","url":null,"abstract":"β-Glucans (βG) are polysaccharides widely distributed in nature with chemopreventive properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of βG and the combined treatment with doxorubicin (Dox) on cell viability and mRNA levels of genes involved in cell cycle, apoptosis and antioxidant response. βG was not cytotoxic. The mRNA levels of CCNA2 of cells exposed to β-glucan was upregulated and the exposure to Dox decreased the expression, while the combination led to an upregulation. Modulation of mRNA levels of CASP9 suggest that βG could inhibit promotion and progression steps of carcinogenesis, eliminating neoplastic cells. The upregulation of CCNA2 gene in combined treatment could be occurred due to ability of βG in restoring the cell cycle distribution pattern after treatment with Dox. The upregulation of SOD1 suggests that βG can enhance the intracellular antioxidant defense, reducing the levels of superoxide dismutase induced by Dox. This response could reduce oxidative damage and attenuate tissue damage during chemotherapeutic treatment. Our data suggest that the drug combination may be less effective in killing tumor cells than the treatment with Dox alone. Thus, future studies should carefully consider this effect on indication of βG during chemotherapy","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84622453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59739
Éverton da Silva Santos, L. Teixeira, J. C. Castro, Laura Paulino Mardigan, José Rivaldo dos Santos, J. Gonçalves, Arildo José Braz de Oliveira, R. A. C. Gonçalves
Iron is a fundamental microelement for human life; however, deficiencies or excesses of these metal ions can cause severe complications and mortality. Chelators are compounds that bind and inhibit iron. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometric methods are key analytical tools in the identification of chemical entities, with the benefits of having good precision and accuracy, and the equipment being easily available as well as quick and simple to implement. In this study, we aimed to provide an alternative, cheaper method for the quantification of iron ion chelation by substituting ferrozine for gallic acid and validating its use with UV-vis according to official ANVISA and ICH guidelines. The parameters assessed were specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and finally, the percentage of iron ions chelating was calculated. The results demonstrated that this method was accurate, simple, specific, selective, precise, and reproducible, and was successfully validated for the determination of iron ions chelating. The percentage of iron ions chelating, promoted by the standard chelator EDTA, was 45% and 47% for Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively. It is concluded that this new method is beneficial in terms of its simplicity, rapidness, low cost, and the fact that it produces very low levels of dangerous residues.
{"title":"An analytical method for the quantitative determination of iron ion chelating capacity: development and validation","authors":"Éverton da Silva Santos, L. Teixeira, J. C. Castro, Laura Paulino Mardigan, José Rivaldo dos Santos, J. Gonçalves, Arildo José Braz de Oliveira, R. A. C. Gonçalves","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.59739","url":null,"abstract":"Iron is a fundamental microelement for human life; however, deficiencies or excesses of these metal ions can cause severe complications and mortality. Chelators are compounds that bind and inhibit iron. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometric methods are key analytical tools in the identification of chemical entities, with the benefits of having good precision and accuracy, and the equipment being easily available as well as quick and simple to implement. In this study, we aimed to provide an alternative, cheaper method for the quantification of iron ion chelation by substituting ferrozine for gallic acid and validating its use with UV-vis according to official ANVISA and ICH guidelines. The parameters assessed were specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, and finally, the percentage of iron ions chelating was calculated. The results demonstrated that this method was accurate, simple, specific, selective, precise, and reproducible, and was successfully validated for the determination of iron ions chelating. The percentage of iron ions chelating, promoted by the standard chelator EDTA, was 45% and 47% for Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively. It is concluded that this new method is beneficial in terms of its simplicity, rapidness, low cost, and the fact that it produces very low levels of dangerous residues.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90153311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58571
Chaimae Imane Sennouni, Mounia Oukouia, I. Jabeur, H. Hamdani, F. Chami, A. Remmal
The current study evaluates the antiparasitic effect of thymol on reducing parasite burden, especially Cryptosporidium load, in poultry drinking water and in improving zootechnical performances of chicks. The first experiment assessed in vitro the anti-cryptosporidium activity of NP (thymol-based product) on drinking water samples using microscopic counting. Samples were treated by increasing concentrations of thymol (1, 2 and 4 g L-1 of NP). In vivo, chicken were randomly assigned to three groups (control and chicks consuming treated water with two concentration of thymol (1 and 2 g L-1 of NP). Water treatment efficiency was evaluated on the intestinal parasitic load and zootechnical performances of animals (Body weight, body weight gain, food intake and the consumption index). In vitro the anti-cryptosporidium effect was dose dependent (p <0.05; p <0.01; p <0.001). The in vivo test showed that the intestinal parasitic load was significantly lower (p <0.05; p <0.01; p <0.001) in the group treated with 2 g L-1 of NP. Additionally, results showed a significant increase (p <0.05; p <0.1; p <0.001) in the body weight and the body weight gain of treated groups during the whole rearing period compared to the control. Furthermore, treated groups represent a lower consumption index compared to the control.
本研究评价了百里香酚在降低家禽饮水中寄生虫负荷，特别是隐孢子虫负荷和提高雏鸡动物生产性能方面的抗寄生作用。第一个实验采用显微计数法测定了百里香基产品对饮用水样品的体外抗隐孢子虫活性。通过增加百里香酚浓度(1、2和4 g L-1的NP)处理样品。在体内，将鸡随机分为3组(对照组和饲喂两种浓度(1和2 g L-1 NP)的百里酚处理水的鸡。通过动物的肠道寄生负荷和动物技术性能(体重、增重、摄食量和消耗指数)对水处理效果进行评价。体外抗隐孢子虫作用呈剂量依赖性(p <0.05;p < 0.01;p < 0.001)。体内试验表明，肠道寄生负荷显著降低(p <0.05;p < 0.01;p <0.001)。此外，结果显示显著增加(p <0.05;p < 0.1;P <0.001)，处理组在整个饲养期内的体重和增重均显著高于对照组。此外，与对照组相比，治疗组的消耗指数较低。
{"title":"In vitro and in vivo study of the antiparasitic effect of thymol on poultry drinking water","authors":"Chaimae Imane Sennouni, Mounia Oukouia, I. Jabeur, H. Hamdani, F. Chami, A. Remmal","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.58571","url":null,"abstract":"The current study evaluates the antiparasitic effect of thymol on reducing parasite burden, especially Cryptosporidium load, in poultry drinking water and in improving zootechnical performances of chicks. The first experiment assessed in vitro the anti-cryptosporidium activity of NP (thymol-based product) on drinking water samples using microscopic counting. Samples were treated by increasing concentrations of thymol (1, 2 and 4 g L-1 of NP). In vivo, chicken were randomly assigned to three groups (control and chicks consuming treated water with two concentration of thymol (1 and 2 g L-1 of NP). Water treatment efficiency was evaluated on the intestinal parasitic load and zootechnical performances of animals (Body weight, body weight gain, food intake and the consumption index). In vitro the anti-cryptosporidium effect was dose dependent (p <0.05; p <0.01; p <0.001). The in vivo test showed that the intestinal parasitic load was significantly lower (p <0.05; p <0.01; p <0.001) in the group treated with 2 g L-1 of NP. Additionally, results showed a significant increase (p <0.05; p <0.1; p <0.001) in the body weight and the body weight gain of treated groups during the whole rearing period compared to the control. Furthermore, treated groups represent a lower consumption index compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76729029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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