Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.62317
Maíra Gnoatto Afonso, A. P. Cattani, Renato Luiz BOT NETO, O. R. Cardoso, H. Spach, P. Schwingel
Transitional waters are characterized by large variations in salinity, temperature, turbidity, among other factors, such as tidal cycle, wind action and rainfall, that are constantly changing over time. The distribution of biota in these environments is regulated by these natural variations and also by human activities, such as pollution, overexploitation of resources, acceleration of urbanization, suppression of habitats and changes in hydrological dynamics. The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal dynamics of the fish fauna of the Saco dos Limões Cove, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, after the construction of a highway. Fish community was evaluated over five years by annual and monthly variation in species richness, abundance and biomass. A total of 17,993 individuals were collected, distributed in 33 families, 59 genera and 79 species. The evaluated years were similar to each other in species composition. Community descriptors varied over time but did not show seasonal trends. In all years, abundance was higher than biomass, indicating both the disturbance and the ecosystem function as a nursery in the studied area. This was corroborated by the large number of juveniles of dominant species (Genidens genidens, Eucinostomus gula and Eucinostomus argenteus).
过渡水域的特点是盐度、温度、浊度以及潮汐循环、风的作用和降雨等其他因素的巨大变化，这些因素随着时间的推移而不断变化。这些环境中生物群的分布受到这些自然变化和人类活动的调节，例如污染、资源的过度开发、城市化的加速、生境的抑制和水文动力的变化。本研究的目的是分析巴西圣卡塔琳娜州Saco dos Limões海湾在高速公路建设后鱼类区系的时间动态。通过物种丰富度、丰度和生物量的年变化和月变化对鱼类群落进行了评价。共采集标本17993只，分属33科59属79种。评价年份在物种组成上基本一致。群落描述符随时间变化，但不显示季节性趋势。在所有年份中，丰度均高于生物量，表明研究区存在干扰和生态系统育苗功能。优势种(Genidens Genidens, Eucinostomus gula和Eucinostomus argenteus)的大量幼鱼证实了这一点。
{"title":"Temporal variation in composition, abundance and biomass of the fish fauna after impact on subtropical transitional water","authors":"Maíra Gnoatto Afonso, A. P. Cattani, Renato Luiz BOT NETO, O. R. Cardoso, H. Spach, P. Schwingel","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.62317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.62317","url":null,"abstract":"Transitional waters are characterized by large variations in salinity, temperature, turbidity, among other factors, such as tidal cycle, wind action and rainfall, that are constantly changing over time. The distribution of biota in these environments is regulated by these natural variations and also by human activities, such as pollution, overexploitation of resources, acceleration of urbanization, suppression of habitats and changes in hydrological dynamics. The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal dynamics of the fish fauna of the Saco dos Limões Cove, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, after the construction of a highway. Fish community was evaluated over five years by annual and monthly variation in species richness, abundance and biomass. A total of 17,993 individuals were collected, distributed in 33 families, 59 genera and 79 species. The evaluated years were similar to each other in species composition. Community descriptors varied over time but did not show seasonal trends. In all years, abundance was higher than biomass, indicating both the disturbance and the ecosystem function as a nursery in the studied area. This was corroborated by the large number of juveniles of dominant species (Genidens genidens, Eucinostomus gula and Eucinostomus argenteus).","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78661735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.62305
Jorge Henrique Burghausen, Gabriela Zimmermann Prado Rodrigues, Luciane Beatris Mentges Staudt, Juliana Machado Kayser, M. S. Souza, Diulliane de Jesus Borba, Arthur Postai, Ana Júlia Stumm, Anelise Schneider, R. Linden, G. Gehlen
The use of fish as bioindicators of the effect of contaminants in the aquatic environment is usual. However, detritivorous species are less used for environmental monitoring. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Ancistrus brevipinnis as a potential bioindicator of water quality of the Ilha River, RS (southern Brazil) and compared to the result obtained for a routine species (Bryconamericus iheringii). For this purpose, the condition factor (CF), the presence of morphological changes in the gills and the quantification of metals in different tissues of the specimens collected in three sites of the Ilha River were evaluated. A homogeneity in the distribution of data was observed in the CF for the species B. iheringii, whereas the specimens of A. brevipinnis showed an oscillation in the distribution of data of the CF. Histological analysis showed greater sensitivity of B. iheringii in reproducing characteristics of the environment in its gill lamellae, which was not observed in A. brevipinnis. Conversely, Cr quantification was higher in the intestine samples of A. brevipinnis at all sites and in all collections due to its feeding behavior. The data reinforce the use of water column species as Bryconamericus iheringii for environmental monitoring, even if they do not reflect the whole aquatic ecosystem. Further studies evaluating other tissues and biomarkers, such as the gastrointestinal tract, may assist in describing the use of species more related to sediment.
{"title":"Evaluation of the use of Ancistrus brevipinnis (Loricariidae) as a bioindicator of water quality in the Ilha river, RS, Brazil","authors":"Jorge Henrique Burghausen, Gabriela Zimmermann Prado Rodrigues, Luciane Beatris Mentges Staudt, Juliana Machado Kayser, M. S. Souza, Diulliane de Jesus Borba, Arthur Postai, Ana Júlia Stumm, Anelise Schneider, R. Linden, G. Gehlen","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.62305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.62305","url":null,"abstract":"The use of fish as bioindicators of the effect of contaminants in the aquatic environment is usual. However, detritivorous species are less used for environmental monitoring. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of Ancistrus brevipinnis as a potential bioindicator of water quality of the Ilha River, RS (southern Brazil) and compared to the result obtained for a routine species (Bryconamericus iheringii). For this purpose, the condition factor (CF), the presence of morphological changes in the gills and the quantification of metals in different tissues of the specimens collected in three sites of the Ilha River were evaluated. A homogeneity in the distribution of data was observed in the CF for the species B. iheringii, whereas the specimens of A. brevipinnis showed an oscillation in the distribution of data of the CF. Histological analysis showed greater sensitivity of B. iheringii in reproducing characteristics of the environment in its gill lamellae, which was not observed in A. brevipinnis. Conversely, Cr quantification was higher in the intestine samples of A. brevipinnis at all sites and in all collections due to its feeding behavior. The data reinforce the use of water column species as Bryconamericus iheringii for environmental monitoring, even if they do not reflect the whole aquatic ecosystem. Further studies evaluating other tissues and biomarkers, such as the gastrointestinal tract, may assist in describing the use of species more related to sediment.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87049570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63334
Walquíria Vieira Monteiro Paiva, Sérgio de Sá Leitão Paiva Júnior, E. N. Gaião, P. P. Gomes Júnior
Aedes aegypti is a holometabolous insect, vector of medical importance for arboviral transmission, and has shown the ability to develop chemical larvicides resistance, which are the worldwide used to control mosquitoes’ population because of their low cost. Due to the well-known photophobia, a striking characteristic of the behavior of A. aegypti larvae, this study aimed to observe the development of this insect in its larval stage under the action of certain ranges of light radiation and its possible biological effects. For that, the experiments used larvae in L1, observed during seven days under the action of LEDs (light-emitting diode) that emitted light at different wavelengths, with six different colors, one for each experiment. Some were tested with a light-dark interval every 10 minutes and others every two minutes, with three repetitions. At the end, mosquitoes, pupae and larvae were counted and the data submitted to statistical evaluation. The experiment showed a significant difference between the control and the different wavelengths used, when exposed at two-minute intervals. LEDs that emitted blue (λ = 457.9 nm) and white (λ = 448.58 nm) wave frequencies were the most promising for the development of equipment that could act synergistically with other forms of control in order to improve its efficiency.
{"title":"Development of Aedes aegypti L. under the action of light radiation at different wavelengths","authors":"Walquíria Vieira Monteiro Paiva, Sérgio de Sá Leitão Paiva Júnior, E. N. Gaião, P. P. Gomes Júnior","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63334","url":null,"abstract":"Aedes aegypti is a holometabolous insect, vector of medical importance for arboviral transmission, and has shown the ability to develop chemical larvicides resistance, which are the worldwide used to control mosquitoes’ population because of their low cost. Due to the well-known photophobia, a striking characteristic of the behavior of A. aegypti larvae, this study aimed to observe the development of this insect in its larval stage under the action of certain ranges of light radiation and its possible biological effects. For that, the experiments used larvae in L1, observed during seven days under the action of LEDs (light-emitting diode) that emitted light at different wavelengths, with six different colors, one for each experiment. Some were tested with a light-dark interval every 10 minutes and others every two minutes, with three repetitions. At the end, mosquitoes, pupae and larvae were counted and the data submitted to statistical evaluation. The experiment showed a significant difference between the control and the different wavelengths used, when exposed at two-minute intervals. LEDs that emitted blue (λ = 457.9 nm) and white (λ = 448.58 nm) wave frequencies were the most promising for the development of equipment that could act synergistically with other forms of control in order to improve its efficiency.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74284259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-19DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64407
Albertina Mariina Ndinelao Shatri
Hypersecretion of gastric acid damages the stomach lining, causing the formation of peptic ulcers. Mucilage from medicinal plants offers a relaxing and soothing effect to the endodermal lining of the gut and has antacid properties, which can protect the mucosal lining from gastric acidity. This is the first report aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, acid-neutralizing, and cytotoxicity properties of traditionally used aqueous mucilage from Asparagus exuvialis and Sesamum capense. The physicochemical properties were determined by biochemical methods. Acid neutralizing and buffering capacities were determined by titration methods. Normal mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were used for cytotoxicity evaluation by MTT assay. The physicochemical characterization confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, proteins, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides. Sesamum capense mucilage exhibited the most potent artificial gastric juice neutralizing capacity pH of 4.62±0.01, 8.0±0.00 acid neutralization capacity per gram of acid, and 30 minutes duration of acid neutralization. The aqueous mucilage from S. capense did not cause any significant cytotoxicity to 3T3 cell lines showing an IC50 value of 91.5 ± 0.06 μg mL-1, confirming the safe nature of the mucilage. These findings revealed that S. capense has the potential to neutralize gastric acid responsible for ulceration and can be safely consumed.
{"title":"Evaluation of the acid-neutralizing and cytotoxicity properties of novel plant mucilage used as an alternative treatment for peptic ulcers and as antacids in Namibia","authors":"Albertina Mariina Ndinelao Shatri","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64407","url":null,"abstract":"Hypersecretion of gastric acid damages the stomach lining, causing the formation of peptic ulcers. Mucilage from medicinal plants offers a relaxing and soothing effect to the endodermal lining of the gut and has antacid properties, which can protect the mucosal lining from gastric acidity. This is the first report aimed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, acid-neutralizing, and cytotoxicity properties of traditionally used aqueous mucilage from Asparagus exuvialis and Sesamum capense. The physicochemical properties were determined by biochemical methods. Acid neutralizing and buffering capacities were determined by titration methods. Normal mouse embryonic fibroblast cells were used for cytotoxicity evaluation by MTT assay. The physicochemical characterization confirmed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, proteins, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides. Sesamum capense mucilage exhibited the most potent artificial gastric juice neutralizing capacity pH of 4.62±0.01, 8.0±0.00 acid neutralization capacity per gram of acid, and 30 minutes duration of acid neutralization. The aqueous mucilage from S. capense did not cause any significant cytotoxicity to 3T3 cell lines showing an IC50 value of 91.5 ± 0.06 μg mL-1, confirming the safe nature of the mucilage. These findings revealed that S. capense has the potential to neutralize gastric acid responsible for ulceration and can be safely consumed.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82283742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-23DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.60974
Luana Silva Cerqueira, Aldo Trindade, Luciano Ricardo Braga Pinheiro, C. S. M. Sousa
Soil microbiota has a key role in the dynamics of natural and agro-ecosystems and is sensitive to changes in these environments. This study evaluated changes in the microbiological properties of soils under an organic production system of banana ‘BRS Princesa’ (Musa spp.). The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks, with four replications. Treatments consisted of 1) soil cover with green manure and agricultural gypsum at a dose of 2,820 kg ha−1, 2) soil cover with green manure without gypsum application, 3) soil cover with weeds and agricultural gypsum at a dose of 2,820 kg ha−1, 4) soil cover with spontaneous plants without gypsum application, and two controls: 5) soil under native Caatinga and 6) soil under regenerating forest (capoeira). The evaluated properties were β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, acid phosphatase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activities (FDA), carbon and phosphorus contents in microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, microbial and metabolic quotients, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore density. Soil samples were collected from the 0–0.20m depth layer in two seasons. No parameter could distinguish the treatments. Spontaneous plants provided conditions equivalent to those under green manure. Agricultural gypsum application also did not influence the microbial biomass and microbiota activity, in the analyzed soil depth. However, β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase activities, the carbon content in microbial biomass, and metabolic and microbial quotients were sensitive to land-use changes and could distinguish areas under organic cultivation from those under native vegetation. Therefore, these properties can be considered good indicators for monitoring the quality of these soils. Furthermore, microbial communities of soils under organic cultivation responded with arylsulfatase activity corresponding to that found in soils under regenerating forest, which may indicate that organic management tends to provide the microbiota with a condition similar to that found under situations that are little disturbing to edaphic living.
土壤微生物群在自然和农业生态系统的动态中起着关键作用，并且对这些环境的变化很敏感。本研究评价了“公主香蕉”(Musa spp.)有机生产系统下土壤微生物特性的变化。实验设计由完全随机分组组成，有4个重复。处理包括:1)绿肥和农业石膏覆盖土壤，剂量为2820 kg ha - 1; 2)绿肥覆盖土壤，不施用石膏;3)杂草和农业石膏覆盖土壤，剂量为2820 kg ha - 1; 4)自然植物覆盖土壤，不施用石膏;2个对照:5)原生Caatinga土壤和6)再生森林(capoeira)土壤。评价的性状包括β-葡萄糖苷酶、芳基硫酸酯酶、酸性磷酸酶、双乙酸荧光素水解活性(FDA)、微生物生物量碳和磷含量、基础土壤呼吸、微生物和代谢商以及丛枝菌根真菌孢子密度。分两个季节在0 ~ 0.2 m土层采集土壤样品。没有任何参数可以区分处理。自发植物提供的条件相当于绿肥下的条件。在分析的土壤深度中，施用农业石膏对微生物生物量和微生物群活性也没有影响。而β-葡萄糖苷酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性、微生物生物量碳含量、代谢商和微生物商对土地利用变化敏感，可以区分有机栽培区和自然植被区。因此，这些特性可以被认为是监测这些土壤质量的良好指标。此外，有机栽培土壤微生物群落的芳基硫酸盐酶活性与再生林土壤相似，这可能表明有机管理倾向于为微生物群提供类似于对土壤生活干扰较小的情况下的条件。
{"title":"Microbiological properties of soils are sensitive to changes provided by organic cultivation of banana ‘BRS Princesa’ in the semi-arid region","authors":"Luana Silva Cerqueira, Aldo Trindade, Luciano Ricardo Braga Pinheiro, C. S. M. Sousa","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.60974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.60974","url":null,"abstract":"Soil microbiota has a key role in the dynamics of natural and agro-ecosystems and is sensitive to changes in these environments. This study evaluated changes in the microbiological properties of soils under an organic production system of banana ‘BRS Princesa’ (Musa spp.). The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks, with four replications. Treatments consisted of 1) soil cover with green manure and agricultural gypsum at a dose of 2,820 kg ha−1, 2) soil cover with green manure without gypsum application, 3) soil cover with weeds and agricultural gypsum at a dose of 2,820 kg ha−1, 4) soil cover with spontaneous plants without gypsum application, and two controls: 5) soil under native Caatinga and 6) soil under regenerating forest (capoeira). The evaluated properties were β-glucosidase, arylsulfatase, acid phosphatase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis activities (FDA), carbon and phosphorus contents in microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, microbial and metabolic quotients, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore density. Soil samples were collected from the 0–0.20m depth layer in two seasons. No parameter could distinguish the treatments. Spontaneous plants provided conditions equivalent to those under green manure. Agricultural gypsum application also did not influence the microbial biomass and microbiota activity, in the analyzed soil depth. However, β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase activities, the carbon content in microbial biomass, and metabolic and microbial quotients were sensitive to land-use changes and could distinguish areas under organic cultivation from those under native vegetation. Therefore, these properties can be considered good indicators for monitoring the quality of these soils. Furthermore, microbial communities of soils under organic cultivation responded with arylsulfatase activity corresponding to that found in soils under regenerating forest, which may indicate that organic management tends to provide the microbiota with a condition similar to that found under situations that are little disturbing to edaphic living.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85784795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.62205
Tanim Jabid Hossain
Limosilactobacillus fermentum is a promising probiotic with several documented health benefits. LAB1 is an antagonistic L. fermentum strain isolated from borhani, a traditional South Asian beverage prepared from dairy and plant ingredients. Here, I present the genome sequence of the L. fermentum LAB1 strain, its annotation, and phylogenetic features. The 2.01 Mb genome with a G+C content of 51.9% was assembled into 221 contigs and predicted to have 1,913 protein-coding genes, 98 pseudo genes, 7 rRNAs, 60 tRNAs, and 1 CRISPR array. As much as 91.1% of the coding sequences could be assigned to known functional genes. Determination of average nucleotide identity (ANI) of the genome sequence revealed 99.37% identity to that of the type strain ATCC 14931. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence extracted from the genome sequence showed close phylogenetic association with several L. fermentum strains. The genome sequence is expected to provide useful insights with regard to the phenotypic, metabolic and beneficial aspects of this lactic acid bacterium.
{"title":"Genome-sequence, annotation and phylogenetic insights of the lactic acid bacterium Limosilactobacillus fermentum strain LAB1 obtained from the dairy beverage borhani","authors":"Tanim Jabid Hossain","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.62205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.62205","url":null,"abstract":"Limosilactobacillus fermentum is a promising probiotic with several documented health benefits. LAB1 is an antagonistic L. fermentum strain isolated from borhani, a traditional South Asian beverage prepared from dairy and plant ingredients. Here, I present the genome sequence of the L. fermentum LAB1 strain, its annotation, and phylogenetic features. The 2.01 Mb genome with a G+C content of 51.9% was assembled into 221 contigs and predicted to have 1,913 protein-coding genes, 98 pseudo genes, 7 rRNAs, 60 tRNAs, and 1 CRISPR array. As much as 91.1% of the coding sequences could be assigned to known functional genes. Determination of average nucleotide identity (ANI) of the genome sequence revealed 99.37% identity to that of the type strain ATCC 14931. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence extracted from the genome sequence showed close phylogenetic association with several L. fermentum strains. The genome sequence is expected to provide useful insights with regard to the phenotypic, metabolic and beneficial aspects of this lactic acid bacterium.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136174002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.61368
J. Zanoni, Fabiana Galvão da Motta Lima, Cynthia Priscilla do Nascimento Bonato Panizzon, A. R. Trevizan, Marcílo Hubner de Miranda Neto
Erectile dysfunction is caused due to neuropathy, resulting from a high oxidative stress, in this way treatment with antioxidants may be promising. Aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the administration of 2% L-glutamine and 1% L-glutathione on the penile tissue of diabetic rats analyzing the nerve fibers that expressing Nitric Oxide Synthase Neuronal (nNOS). Forty-eight male Wistar rats distributed into six groups were used: normoglycemic, diabetic, normoglycemic administered with 2% L-glutamine, normoglycemic administered with 1% L-glutathione, diabetic administered with 2% L-glutamine, and diabetic administered with 1% L-glutathione. After a 120 days experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the penile tissues were collected and processed for the subsequent immunohistochemical procedure (nNOS) and posterior varicosities morphometry analysis. Diabetic rats administered with L-glutamine and with L-glutathione displayed larger varicosity areas of 14 and 15% compared to the diabetic group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the administration of 2% L-glutamine and 1% L-glutathione in normoglycemic animals promoted a reduction of 3.3% and 2.4% compared to the normoglycemic group (p < 0.05). We concluded that both L-glutamine and L-glutathione administrations exerted a protective effect on the penile nitrergic innervation of diabetic rats, which can have a positive impact on the erectile function and that their use in normoglycemic animals should be better investigated.
勃起功能障碍是由神经病变引起的，由高氧化应激引起，在这种情况下，用抗氧化剂治疗可能很有希望。研究2% l -谷氨酰胺和1% l -谷胱甘肽对糖尿病大鼠阴茎组织表达一氧化氮合酶神经元(nNOS)的神经纤维的影响。48只雄性Wistar大鼠分为6组:血糖正常组、糖尿病组、血糖正常组2% l -谷氨酰胺组、血糖正常组1% l -谷胱甘肽组、糖尿病组2% l -谷氨酰胺组、糖尿病组1% l -谷胱甘肽组。实验120 d后安乐死，收集阴茎组织进行免疫组化(nNOS)和后静脉曲张形态学分析。与糖尿病组相比，给予l -谷氨酰胺和l -谷胱甘肽的糖尿病大鼠的静脉曲张面积增加了14%和15% (p < 0.05)。另一方面，在血糖正常的动物中，给予2%的l -谷氨酰胺和1%的l -谷胱甘肽，与血糖正常组相比，分别降低了3.3%和2.4% (p < 0.05)。我们认为，l -谷氨酰胺和l -谷胱甘肽均对糖尿病大鼠的阴茎氮能神经支配有保护作用，对其勃起功能有积极影响，在血糖正常的动物中应用还有待进一步研究。
{"title":"Administration with L-glutamine and L-glutathione protects the nitrergic innervation of the penile tissue of diabetic rats","authors":"J. Zanoni, Fabiana Galvão da Motta Lima, Cynthia Priscilla do Nascimento Bonato Panizzon, A. R. Trevizan, Marcílo Hubner de Miranda Neto","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.61368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.61368","url":null,"abstract":"Erectile dysfunction is caused due to neuropathy, resulting from a high oxidative stress, in this way treatment with antioxidants may be promising. Aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the administration of 2% L-glutamine and 1% L-glutathione on the penile tissue of diabetic rats analyzing the nerve fibers that expressing Nitric Oxide Synthase Neuronal (nNOS). Forty-eight male Wistar rats distributed into six groups were used: normoglycemic, diabetic, normoglycemic administered with 2% L-glutamine, normoglycemic administered with 1% L-glutathione, diabetic administered with 2% L-glutamine, and diabetic administered with 1% L-glutathione. After a 120 days experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the penile tissues were collected and processed for the subsequent immunohistochemical procedure (nNOS) and posterior varicosities morphometry analysis. Diabetic rats administered with L-glutamine and with L-glutathione displayed larger varicosity areas of 14 and 15% compared to the diabetic group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the administration of 2% L-glutamine and 1% L-glutathione in normoglycemic animals promoted a reduction of 3.3% and 2.4% compared to the normoglycemic group (p < 0.05). We concluded that both L-glutamine and L-glutathione administrations exerted a protective effect on the penile nitrergic innervation of diabetic rats, which can have a positive impact on the erectile function and that their use in normoglycemic animals should be better investigated.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79648878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.59835
Marcos Antônio Pereira dos Santos, M. D. C. D. C. E. Martins, Raquel Suelen Brito da Silva, Carolina Farias de Arruda Lopes, A. S. Silva
We compared the effect of the treatment with strength training (ST) and raloxifene (RALOX) on bone weight, blood glucose, lipid, and antioxidant profile in ovariectomized rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: ovariectomy + VEHICLE (control); ovariectomy + RALOX; ovariectomy + ST; ovariectomy + RALOX + ST. Thirty days after ovariectomy, the animals underwent the treatment with RALOX (750 μcg day-1) and/or ST (three sessions week-1). Thirty days after, all groups were scarified, tibia and femur were weighed, and the blood was collected for analysis of the lipid profile, glucose, and antioxidants catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH). The ST group showed greater femur weight (0.82 ± 0.18 g) and RALOX + ST had greater tibia weight (0.61 ± 0.17 g) than CONTROL with femur weight of 0.65 ± 0.08 g and tibia of 0.49 ± 0.08 g with no differences between treatments (p > 0.05). ST group showed significantly higher catalase (181.7 ± 15.4 μM g-1) compared to the other groups. In contrast, the GSH value was lower in ST group (89.2 ± 8.1 μM g-1) compared to RALOX (175.9 ± 17.1 μM g-1) and RALOX + ST (162.8 ± 12.1 μM g-1), but the values of these two groups did not differ from CONTROL (115.3 ± 21.1 μM g-1). Total cholesterol did not differ between groups (p > 0.05), but exercise alone (54.3 ± 2.5 mg dL-1) or with RALOX (53.0 ± 1.5 mg dL-1) resulted in higher HDL cholesterol than CONTROL (45.5 ± 2.5 mg dL-1). Only RALOX+ST presented lower glucose (140.3 ± 9.7 mg dL-1) values than CONTROL (201.7 ± 30.6 mg dL-1). In conclusion, ST promotes similar benefits on bone and metabolic parameters compared to pharmacological treatment in ovariectomized rats.
{"title":"Effect of strength training versus raloxifene on bone weight, blood glucose, lipid and antioxidant profile in ovariectomized rats","authors":"Marcos Antônio Pereira dos Santos, M. D. C. D. C. E. Martins, Raquel Suelen Brito da Silva, Carolina Farias de Arruda Lopes, A. S. Silva","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.59835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.59835","url":null,"abstract":"We compared the effect of the treatment with strength training (ST) and raloxifene (RALOX) on bone weight, blood glucose, lipid, and antioxidant profile in ovariectomized rats. Twenty-four Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: ovariectomy + VEHICLE (control); ovariectomy + RALOX; ovariectomy + ST; ovariectomy + RALOX + ST. Thirty days after ovariectomy, the animals underwent the treatment with RALOX (750 μcg day-1) and/or ST (three sessions week-1). Thirty days after, all groups were scarified, tibia and femur were weighed, and the blood was collected for analysis of the lipid profile, glucose, and antioxidants catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH). The ST group showed greater femur weight (0.82 ± 0.18 g) and RALOX + ST had greater tibia weight (0.61 ± 0.17 g) than CONTROL with femur weight of 0.65 ± 0.08 g and tibia of 0.49 ± 0.08 g with no differences between treatments (p > 0.05). ST group showed significantly higher catalase (181.7 ± 15.4 μM g-1) compared to the other groups. In contrast, the GSH value was lower in ST group (89.2 ± 8.1 μM g-1) compared to RALOX (175.9 ± 17.1 μM g-1) and RALOX + ST (162.8 ± 12.1 μM g-1), but the values of these two groups did not differ from CONTROL (115.3 ± 21.1 μM g-1). Total cholesterol did not differ between groups (p > 0.05), but exercise alone (54.3 ± 2.5 mg dL-1) or with RALOX (53.0 ± 1.5 mg dL-1) resulted in higher HDL cholesterol than CONTROL (45.5 ± 2.5 mg dL-1). Only RALOX+ST presented lower glucose (140.3 ± 9.7 mg dL-1) values than CONTROL (201.7 ± 30.6 mg dL-1). In conclusion, ST promotes similar benefits on bone and metabolic parameters compared to pharmacological treatment in ovariectomized rats.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"2112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91355327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.61179
D. B. Martim, F. C. Santos, I. Barbosa-Tessmann
Starch processing industries use amylases, accounting for approximately 30% of the world’s enzyme market. Previously, an amylase-producing strain of Epicoccum nigrum was isolated from maize grains. Although E. nigrum amylase production is already reported in the literature, no published data on production optimization or characterization of the produced enzyme exists. The objectives of this work were to improve the amylase production by the E. nigrum PG 16 strain and to purify and characterize the produced enzyme. The E. nigrum PG 16 amylase production best conditions in submerged culture were: inoculum of 4% (v v-1) of a five-days-old stationary culture homogenate, agitation at 100 rpm, 25°C, natural light, 72 hours of incubation, starch as the carbon source, and an initial medium pH of 7.0. A molecular exclusion chromatography profile has shown the production of only one amylase, which was partially purified with ammonium precipitation and dialysis. The enzyme optima pH and temperature are 6.0 and 50°C, respectively. The partially purified enzyme lost its activity when incubated for 30 min in temperatures above 40°C, presenting a T50 of 46.25°C. The KM and Vmax of the partially purified enzyme are 1.72 mg mL-1 of starch and 0.15 mg min-1 of degraded starch, respectively. The ion Ca2+ slightly activated the studied enzyme. The ions Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe3+ and the detergents SDS and Tween 80 acted as inhibitors of the studied enzyme. The partially purified enzyme released glucose from p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG). Glucose was the enzyme’s main product from starch hydrolysis, as evidenced by thin-layer chromatography. The E. nigrum PG 16 studied enzyme is a glucoamylase and represents an alternative for enzymatic starch hydrolysis.
{"title":"Production, partial purification, and characterization of a glucoamylase from Epicoccum nigrum","authors":"D. B. Martim, F. C. Santos, I. Barbosa-Tessmann","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.61179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.61179","url":null,"abstract":"Starch processing industries use amylases, accounting for approximately 30% of the world’s enzyme market. Previously, an amylase-producing strain of Epicoccum nigrum was isolated from maize grains. Although E. nigrum amylase production is already reported in the literature, no published data on production optimization or characterization of the produced enzyme exists. The objectives of this work were to improve the amylase production by the E. nigrum PG 16 strain and to purify and characterize the produced enzyme. The E. nigrum PG 16 amylase production best conditions in submerged culture were: inoculum of 4% (v v-1) of a five-days-old stationary culture homogenate, agitation at 100 rpm, 25°C, natural light, 72 hours of incubation, starch as the carbon source, and an initial medium pH of 7.0. A molecular exclusion chromatography profile has shown the production of only one amylase, which was partially purified with ammonium precipitation and dialysis. The enzyme optima pH and temperature are 6.0 and 50°C, respectively. The partially purified enzyme lost its activity when incubated for 30 min in temperatures above 40°C, presenting a T50 of 46.25°C. The KM and Vmax of the partially purified enzyme are 1.72 mg mL-1 of starch and 0.15 mg min-1 of degraded starch, respectively. The ion Ca2+ slightly activated the studied enzyme. The ions Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe3+ and the detergents SDS and Tween 80 acted as inhibitors of the studied enzyme. The partially purified enzyme released glucose from p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG). Glucose was the enzyme’s main product from starch hydrolysis, as evidenced by thin-layer chromatography. The E. nigrum PG 16 studied enzyme is a glucoamylase and represents an alternative for enzymatic starch hydrolysis.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85861355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.61950
Denise dos Santos Vila Verde, M. I. Mendes, Antônio da Silva Souza, J. S. Rabêlo, Camila Rodrigues Pinto, Leila Vasconcelos Costa Nobre, C. Ledo
In vitro oxidation is a problem for some herbaceous and woody species and can cause darkening of tissues and consequently death of explants and plants Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of activated charcoal on in vitro yam cultivation, aiming at reducing or eliminating explant oxidation and optimizing the growth of the genotypes Dioscorea alata var. purpurea (Roxb.) A. Pouchet and Dioscorea rotundata Poir. Nodal segments of approximately 1 cm, extracted from plants previously grown in vitro, were introduced into test tubes containing 10 mL of 2GGC culture medium, plus 30 g L-1 sucrose, solidified with 2.2 g L-1 Phytagel® and pH adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving, containing activated charcoal doses of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g L-1. Plants were maintained for 90 days in a growth room, with temperature of 27 ± 1ºC, photon flux density of 30 μmol m-2 s-1 and photoperiod of 16 hours, after which their development variables were evaluated. Activated charcoal, at the concentration of 4 g L-1 considerably promoted the best development of plants, and the species D. alata var. purpurea showed higher means for all variables studied.
体外氧化是一些草本和木本植物的一个问题，它会导致组织变暗，从而导致外植体和植株死亡。因此，本研究旨在评估活性炭对山药体外培养的影响，旨在减少或消除外植体氧化，优化基因型薯蓣(Dioscorea alata var. purpurea)的生长。小袋薯蓣和圆形薯蓣。从体外培养的植物中提取约1厘米的节段，将其放入含有10ml 2GGC培养基，加30g L-1蔗糖的试管中，用2.2 g L-1 Phytagel®固化，pH调节至5.8，然后进行高压灭菌，活性炭剂量分别为0,1,2,3和4 g L-1。在温度为27±1℃、光通量密度为30 μmol m-2 s-1、光周期为16 h的生长室内培养90 d，观察植株的发育变化。在4 g L-1浓度下，活性炭显著促进了植物的最佳发育，并且在所有变量上均表现出较高的平均值。
{"title":"Activated charcoal in the control of oxidation and in vitro growth of Dioscorea spp. nodal segments","authors":"Denise dos Santos Vila Verde, M. I. Mendes, Antônio da Silva Souza, J. S. Rabêlo, Camila Rodrigues Pinto, Leila Vasconcelos Costa Nobre, C. Ledo","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.61950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v44i1.61950","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro oxidation is a problem for some herbaceous and woody species and can cause darkening of tissues and consequently death of explants and plants Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of activated charcoal on in vitro yam cultivation, aiming at reducing or eliminating explant oxidation and optimizing the growth of the genotypes Dioscorea alata var. purpurea (Roxb.) A. Pouchet and Dioscorea rotundata Poir. Nodal segments of approximately 1 cm, extracted from plants previously grown in vitro, were introduced into test tubes containing 10 mL of 2GGC culture medium, plus 30 g L-1 sucrose, solidified with 2.2 g L-1 Phytagel® and pH adjusted to 5.8 before autoclaving, containing activated charcoal doses of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 g L-1. Plants were maintained for 90 days in a growth room, with temperature of 27 ± 1ºC, photon flux density of 30 μmol m-2 s-1 and photoperiod of 16 hours, after which their development variables were evaluated. Activated charcoal, at the concentration of 4 g L-1 considerably promoted the best development of plants, and the species D. alata var. purpurea showed higher means for all variables studied.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79905194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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