Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65524
Adriana Garcia, Caroline Menicoze dos Santos, A. D. Polli, J. C. Polonio, João Arthur dos Santos de Oliveira, Marcos Alessandro dos Santos Oliveira, Halison Correia Golias, João Alencar Pamphile
Endophytes colonize the interior of plant tissues without causing any damage to their hosts. The plant Sapindus saponaria L., popularly known as ‘sabão-de-soldado’, presents a diversified endophytic microbiota and also medicinal properties. Endophytic microorganisms may produce secondary metabolites with different biotechnological properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal capacity of the crude extract of secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic bacteria P. aeruginosa SS93 isolated from S. saponaria leaves. The metabolites extract was obtained using the organic solvent ethyl acetate, and the antimicrobial activities were tested against six pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC 29212], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 27853], Shigella flexneri [ATCC 12022], Salmonella enterica [CCCD a016], Escherichia coli [ATCC 25922], and Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 25923]), and pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Glomerella sp., Sphaceloma sp., Fusarium solani, Maniliophtora perniciosa, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), by agar diffusion method. In the antibacterial assay, the best results were obtained against E. faecalis and S. aureus, where the formation of inhibition halos was observed in all tested concentrations, especially at 500 and 700 µg mL-1. Positive inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi was observed, with the highest inhibition recorded against F. oxysporum (61.1%), followed by Sphaceloma sp. (55.7%), M. perniciosa (35.6%), F. solani (34.4%), and Glomerella sp. (30.4%).
{"title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of the crude extract of the endophytic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa (SS93) isolated from Sapindus saponaria L.","authors":"Adriana Garcia, Caroline Menicoze dos Santos, A. D. Polli, J. C. Polonio, João Arthur dos Santos de Oliveira, Marcos Alessandro dos Santos Oliveira, Halison Correia Golias, João Alencar Pamphile","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65524","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytes colonize the interior of plant tissues without causing any damage to their hosts. The plant Sapindus saponaria L., popularly known as ‘sabão-de-soldado’, presents a diversified endophytic microbiota and also medicinal properties. Endophytic microorganisms may produce secondary metabolites with different biotechnological properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal capacity of the crude extract of secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic bacteria P. aeruginosa SS93 isolated from S. saponaria leaves. The metabolites extract was obtained using the organic solvent ethyl acetate, and the antimicrobial activities were tested against six pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis [ATCC 29212], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 27853], Shigella flexneri [ATCC 12022], Salmonella enterica [CCCD a016], Escherichia coli [ATCC 25922], and Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 25923]), and pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Glomerella sp., Sphaceloma sp., Fusarium solani, Maniliophtora perniciosa, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), by agar diffusion method. In the antibacterial assay, the best results were obtained against E. faecalis and S. aureus, where the formation of inhibition halos was observed in all tested concentrations, especially at 500 and 700 µg mL-1. Positive inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi was observed, with the highest inhibition recorded against F. oxysporum (61.1%), followed by Sphaceloma sp. (55.7%), M. perniciosa (35.6%), F. solani (34.4%), and Glomerella sp. (30.4%).","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63742
Paula Andriessa Krause, M. Dotto, Kelli Pirola, Elouize Xavier, Camila Moreno Giarola, A. R. Lopes
Biquinho pepper has been gaining prominence on the national scene because of its sweet taste and low pungency. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the phenological growth stages of biquinho pepper according to the BBCH scale. Based on this general scale, biquinho pepper showed 9 of the 10 principal stages (germination, leaf development, formation of side shoots, shoot development, development of the harvestable vegetative parts of the plant, flowering, fruit development, coloring or ripening of fruits and senescence). In addition, 25 secondary growth stages have also been described. The study will act as a tool for adoption of better crop management practices (nutrient management, irrigation scheduling, monitoring of management of pests and timely harvest of fruits).
{"title":"Phenological growth stages of biquinho pepper according to the BBCH scale","authors":"Paula Andriessa Krause, M. Dotto, Kelli Pirola, Elouize Xavier, Camila Moreno Giarola, A. R. Lopes","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63742","url":null,"abstract":"Biquinho pepper has been gaining prominence on the national scene because of its sweet taste and low pungency. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the phenological growth stages of biquinho pepper according to the BBCH scale. Based on this general scale, biquinho pepper showed 9 of the 10 principal stages (germination, leaf development, formation of side shoots, shoot development, development of the harvestable vegetative parts of the plant, flowering, fruit development, coloring or ripening of fruits and senescence). In addition, 25 secondary growth stages have also been described. The study will act as a tool for adoption of better crop management practices (nutrient management, irrigation scheduling, monitoring of management of pests and timely harvest of fruits).","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65008
K. Nwagu, C. Udechukwu, M. Ukaegbu, Evelyn Nwakaego Enwere, Adaugo Gift Ibeh, Fredrick Ogeh Okpaga, Alex Ochai Okpe
Botanical yam (Dioscorea rotundata) seeds are currently used by yam breeders to generate and conserve new varieties of yam instead of seed yams (vegetative propagule). Yam seed treatment through scarification is one of the most effective methods of improving seed germination and seedling establishment. This study was carried out under greenhouse condition to determine the best seed treatment for the germination and establishment of botanical yam seeds. The set up involved a soil mixed with carbonized rice husk using five different seed treatments; dry heating (DHS) at 60 0C, mechanical scarification + gibberellic acid (MSS + GA), mechanical scarification (MSS), acid scarification with sulphuric acid (ASS) and soaking in hot water at 80 0C (SOS). The findings showed that the treatment, MSS + GA and MSS only, had significant (P<0.05) positive effect on the seed emergence and seedling establishment compared to the untreated control (COS) and other treatments. ASS caused seed damage resulting to no emergence. The findings showed that carbonized grain waste (rice husk) enhanced soil fertility and seed treatment (MSS + GA) was the best to improve yam seed germination and seedling establishment. These treatments can be efficiently applied to reduce the long gestation periods and increase yield in yam breeding programmes.
{"title":"Optimization of treatments for the germination and establishment of botanical yam (Dioscorea rotundata) seeds","authors":"K. Nwagu, C. Udechukwu, M. Ukaegbu, Evelyn Nwakaego Enwere, Adaugo Gift Ibeh, Fredrick Ogeh Okpaga, Alex Ochai Okpe","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65008","url":null,"abstract":"Botanical yam (Dioscorea rotundata) seeds are currently used by yam breeders to generate and conserve new varieties of yam instead of seed yams (vegetative propagule). Yam seed treatment through scarification is one of the most effective methods of improving seed germination and seedling establishment. This study was carried out under greenhouse condition to determine the best seed treatment for the germination and establishment of botanical yam seeds. The set up involved a soil mixed with carbonized rice husk using five different seed treatments; dry heating (DHS) at 60 0C, mechanical scarification + gibberellic acid (MSS + GA), mechanical scarification (MSS), acid scarification with sulphuric acid (ASS) and soaking in hot water at 80 0C (SOS). The findings showed that the treatment, MSS + GA and MSS only, had significant (P<0.05) positive effect on the seed emergence and seedling establishment compared to the untreated control (COS) and other treatments. ASS caused seed damage resulting to no emergence. The findings showed that carbonized grain waste (rice husk) enhanced soil fertility and seed treatment (MSS + GA) was the best to improve yam seed germination and seedling establishment. These treatments can be efficiently applied to reduce the long gestation periods and increase yield in yam breeding programmes.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.66144
G. Aragão, A. O. Nogueira, F. A. F. Xavier Júnior, Janaina Serra Azul Monteiro Evangelista, Paulo Nogueira Bandeira, Camila Fernandes, Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes, A. Assreuy
The isomeric mixture of alpha and beta amyrin (AMY), present in the resin of Protium heptaphyllum, is popularly used as anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer. The literature has been demonstrating pharmacological activities of these triterpenes in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and in the gastrointestinal and immunological systems. This study traces a toxicological profile of amyrin, aiming to provide information that may clarify its safety. Nine female Wistar rats (170 to 200 g) were divided into three groups of three animals each (control, amyrin 300 and amyrin 2000 mg kg-1, p.o.), which were evaluated by protocols preconized by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Open field Test and Malone Hippocratic Screening Scale were performed. AMY, mostly at 2000 mg kg-1, reduced the number of crossings by 57% vs. saline (22.67 ± 2.40) and the number of rearing by 53% vs. saline (42.67 ± 2.96), but increased the number of grooming by 26% vs. saline (1.66 ± 0.33). AMY (2000 mg kg-1) increased the serum glucose by 77% vs. saline (126.70 ± 4.33 mg dL-1), triglycerides by 50% vs. saline (78.67 ± 2.18 mg dL-1) and uric acid by 65% vs. saline (0.73 ± 0.03 mg dL-1). AMY induced vascular congestion and hemorrhage in the liver, spleen and cerebral cortex. Renal changes (cellular damage, inflammatory infiltrate, tubular protein deposition and glomeruli atrophy) were also seen. In conclusion, AMY decreased rat locomotor activity, caused minor biochemical changes, and altered the morphology of the kidney. The present study may contribute to deepen the knowledge about the safety of AMY, aiming the development of a novel pharmacological product.
{"title":"Acute toxicity study of the isomeric mixture of alpha and beta amyrin from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand","authors":"G. Aragão, A. O. Nogueira, F. A. F. Xavier Júnior, Janaina Serra Azul Monteiro Evangelista, Paulo Nogueira Bandeira, Camila Fernandes, Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes, A. Assreuy","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.66144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.66144","url":null,"abstract":"The isomeric mixture of alpha and beta amyrin (AMY), present in the resin of Protium heptaphyllum, is popularly used as anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer. The literature has been demonstrating pharmacological activities of these triterpenes in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and in the gastrointestinal and immunological systems. This study traces a toxicological profile of amyrin, aiming to provide information that may clarify its safety. Nine female Wistar rats (170 to 200 g) were divided into three groups of three animals each (control, amyrin 300 and amyrin 2000 mg kg-1, p.o.), which were evaluated by protocols preconized by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Open field Test and Malone Hippocratic Screening Scale were performed. AMY, mostly at 2000 mg kg-1, reduced the number of crossings by 57% vs. saline (22.67 ± 2.40) and the number of rearing by 53% vs. saline (42.67 ± 2.96), but increased the number of grooming by 26% vs. saline (1.66 ± 0.33). AMY (2000 mg kg-1) increased the serum glucose by 77% vs. saline (126.70 ± 4.33 mg dL-1), triglycerides by 50% vs. saline (78.67 ± 2.18 mg dL-1) and uric acid by 65% vs. saline (0.73 ± 0.03 mg dL-1). AMY induced vascular congestion and hemorrhage in the liver, spleen and cerebral cortex. Renal changes (cellular damage, inflammatory infiltrate, tubular protein deposition and glomeruli atrophy) were also seen. In conclusion, AMY decreased rat locomotor activity, caused minor biochemical changes, and altered the morphology of the kidney. The present study may contribute to deepen the knowledge about the safety of AMY, aiming the development of a novel pharmacological product.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"251 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.67555
Kaio da Silva Bandeira, Tamires de Moura Lima, Yanna Mireya Passarinho Nogueira, Marcos Martins Lima, J. G. M. Rodrigues, Maurício Eduardo Chaves e Silva, G. S. Miranda
Natural fruit pulp is highly appreciated because it retains the flavor and nutrients of the fresh fruit. However, fruit pulp is susceptible to contamination by pathogenic bacteria, mainly because of improper handling and storage. Therefore, this study evaluated and quantified the presence of pathogenic bacteria in fruit pulp sold in São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Maranhão, Brazil. Two fruit pulp samples each of açaí (A and B), acerola (C and D), cajá (E and F), cashew (G and H), and passion fruit (I and J) were obtained from supermarkets and subjected to the following microbiological analyses: enumeration of mesophilic bacteria using plate count agar; quantification of total (TC) and thermotolerant (TTC) coliforms using the multiple tube technique; qualitative detection of Escherichia coli on eosin methylene blue agar and that of Salmonella on xylose lysine base agar and enteric agar. Mesophilic bacteria were found to grow in all the samples, with the highest value obtained for the acerola pulp (sample D; average: 1.08 x 105 colony-forming units g-1). However, all samples were in accordance with the Brazilian legislation for this parameter. The most probable number of colonies (MPN g-1) of TC and TTC were ≥1,100 in açaí (sample A), cajá (sample E), and cashew (sample G) pulps, which is in disagreement with the maximum value allowed. E. coli and Salmonella were not found to grow in the samples evaluated in this study. Collectively, the data indicate inadequate handling and storage in the production chain of fruit pulp sold in the municipality of São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, suggesting that the population in the region is exposed to a probable risk of food contamination.
天然果肉保留了新鲜水果的风味和营养，因此备受青睐。然而，果肉很容易受到病原菌的污染，主要原因是处理和储存不当。因此，本研究对巴西马拉尼昂州 São Raimundo das Mangabeiras 出售的果肉中存在的病原菌进行了评估和量化。研究人员从超市获取了阿萨伊（A 和 B）、针叶樱桃（C 和 D）、卡雅（E 和 F）、腰果（G 和 H）和百香果（I 和 J）的果肉样本各两份，并对其进行了以下微生物分析：使用平板计数琼脂对中嗜性细菌进行计数；使用多管技术对总大肠菌群（TC）和耐热大肠菌群（TTC）进行定量；使用伊红亚甲基蓝琼脂对大肠埃希氏菌进行定性检测，使用木糖赖氨酸碱琼脂和肠道琼脂对沙门氏菌进行定性检测。在所有样品中都发现了嗜中性细菌的生长，其中以刺桐果肉（样品 D；平均：1.08 x 105 菌落总数 g-1）的嗜中性细菌生长值最高。不过，所有样本的这一参数都符合巴西法律规定。阿萨伊（样本 A）、卡雅（样本 E）和腰果（样本 G）果肉中 TC 和 TTC 的最可能菌落数（MPN g-1）均≥1,100，这与允许的最大值不符。本研究评估的样品中未发现大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌。总之，这些数据表明，在 São Raimundo das Mangabeiras 市销售的果肉的生产链中存在处理和储存不当的问题，表明该地区的居民可能面临食品污染的风险。
{"title":"Bacteriological assessment of fruit pulp sold in supermarkets in São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Maranhão State, Brazil","authors":"Kaio da Silva Bandeira, Tamires de Moura Lima, Yanna Mireya Passarinho Nogueira, Marcos Martins Lima, J. G. M. Rodrigues, Maurício Eduardo Chaves e Silva, G. S. Miranda","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.67555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.67555","url":null,"abstract":"Natural fruit pulp is highly appreciated because it retains the flavor and nutrients of the fresh fruit. However, fruit pulp is susceptible to contamination by pathogenic bacteria, mainly because of improper handling and storage. Therefore, this study evaluated and quantified the presence of pathogenic bacteria in fruit pulp sold in São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, Maranhão, Brazil. Two fruit pulp samples each of açaí (A and B), acerola (C and D), cajá (E and F), cashew (G and H), and passion fruit (I and J) were obtained from supermarkets and subjected to the following microbiological analyses: enumeration of mesophilic bacteria using plate count agar; quantification of total (TC) and thermotolerant (TTC) coliforms using the multiple tube technique; qualitative detection of Escherichia coli on eosin methylene blue agar and that of Salmonella on xylose lysine base agar and enteric agar. Mesophilic bacteria were found to grow in all the samples, with the highest value obtained for the acerola pulp (sample D; average: 1.08 x 105 colony-forming units g-1). However, all samples were in accordance with the Brazilian legislation for this parameter. The most probable number of colonies (MPN g-1) of TC and TTC were ≥1,100 in açaí (sample A), cajá (sample E), and cashew (sample G) pulps, which is in disagreement with the maximum value allowed. E. coli and Salmonella were not found to grow in the samples evaluated in this study. Collectively, the data indicate inadequate handling and storage in the production chain of fruit pulp sold in the municipality of São Raimundo das Mangabeiras, suggesting that the population in the region is exposed to a probable risk of food contamination.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63262
Isabelle Nucci Vetrone, Paula Santos, G. C. Mantovanelli, Fernando Emmanuel Gonçalves Vieira, D. Caetano, Bruno Rian Cintra Albino, T. Mantovano
Fungi are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, unicellular or multicellular organisms that feed by absorption. Some of their attributes stand out in the medicinal and pharmaceutical sector since several genera of fungi have metabolic properties and compounds related to the manufacture of numerous medicines. In this context, the objective of this study was to carry out a scientometric analysis to verify the application and properties of medicinal fungi as well as their contributions to the knowledge of medicinal fungi. A survey of applied literature, which included the word “Medicinal fungi”, was carried out based on the articles indexed in the Thomson Reuters base (www.isiwebofknowledge.com), considering the period from 2003 to 2021. One hundred and thirty-nine scientific articles were used for the scientometric analysis, and these were divided into six time intervals (2003-2006, 2007-2009, 2010-2012, 2013-2015, 2016-2018, 2019-2021). An increase was noted in the scientific production on medicinal fungi from 2007 onwards, mostly presenting publications with an experimental approach. The phylum Basidiomycota, followed by Ascomycota, presented the highest number of records in the study, mainly with applications aimed at antitumor and antibacterial activity. Therefore, the importance of studies that aim to expand the knowledge of the properties of medicinal fungi is highlighted, providing effective results for various diseases, since their cultivation and development can positively generate equitable economic growth, with regional and national impacts.
{"title":"Fungi and their medicinal properties: a scientometric study","authors":"Isabelle Nucci Vetrone, Paula Santos, G. C. Mantovanelli, Fernando Emmanuel Gonçalves Vieira, D. Caetano, Bruno Rian Cintra Albino, T. Mantovano","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63262","url":null,"abstract":"Fungi are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, unicellular or multicellular organisms that feed by absorption. Some of their attributes stand out in the medicinal and pharmaceutical sector since several genera of fungi have metabolic properties and compounds related to the manufacture of numerous medicines. In this context, the objective of this study was to carry out a scientometric analysis to verify the application and properties of medicinal fungi as well as their contributions to the knowledge of medicinal fungi. A survey of applied literature, which included the word “Medicinal fungi”, was carried out based on the articles indexed in the Thomson Reuters base (www.isiwebofknowledge.com), considering the period from 2003 to 2021. One hundred and thirty-nine scientific articles were used for the scientometric analysis, and these were divided into six time intervals (2003-2006, 2007-2009, 2010-2012, 2013-2015, 2016-2018, 2019-2021). An increase was noted in the scientific production on medicinal fungi from 2007 onwards, mostly presenting publications with an experimental approach. The phylum Basidiomycota, followed by Ascomycota, presented the highest number of records in the study, mainly with applications aimed at antitumor and antibacterial activity. Therefore, the importance of studies that aim to expand the knowledge of the properties of medicinal fungi is highlighted, providing effective results for various diseases, since their cultivation and development can positively generate equitable economic growth, with regional and national impacts.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64996
Lúcia Helena Sipaúba Tavares, Mayara Cristina Malvas Nicolau, M. G. Tedesque, Priscila Lupina Gratão
The antioxidant enzymes activities during the Messastrum gracile growth period under two different light intensities were evaluated. The light intensities were designated as: control at 60 µmol photons m-2 s-1 and two cultivations under light-induced stress at 120 µmol photons m-2 s-1, during 24 and 72 hours. The maximum cell density in all treatments was achieved on the 21st growth day with 140x105 cells mL-1 (control), 382x105 cells mL-1 (24 hours) and 236x105 cells mL-1 (72 hours). The antioxidant enzymes activities were more elevated in the control, however, GSH-Px, CAT and SOD activities were higher on the 7th growth day, while GPOX and GR activities were higher on the 28th and 21st growth day, respectively. The microalgae displayed lower MDA content, which indicates low stress levels. In terms of growth, biomass production and chlorophyll-a, the best results occurred under light-induced stress (120 µmol photons m-2 s-1). Light-induced stress decreased antioxidant activity during M. gracile growth, and the results revealed a higher activity for glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase.
{"title":"Antioxidant response of Messastrum gracile (Chlorophyceae) to light-induced stress","authors":"Lúcia Helena Sipaúba Tavares, Mayara Cristina Malvas Nicolau, M. G. Tedesque, Priscila Lupina Gratão","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64996","url":null,"abstract":"The antioxidant enzymes activities during the Messastrum gracile growth period under two different light intensities were evaluated. The light intensities were designated as: control at 60 µmol photons m-2 s-1 and two cultivations under light-induced stress at 120 µmol photons m-2 s-1, during 24 and 72 hours. The maximum cell density in all treatments was achieved on the 21st growth day with 140x105 cells mL-1 (control), 382x105 cells mL-1 (24 hours) and 236x105 cells mL-1 (72 hours). The antioxidant enzymes activities were more elevated in the control, however, GSH-Px, CAT and SOD activities were higher on the 7th growth day, while GPOX and GR activities were higher on the 28th and 21st growth day, respectively. The microalgae displayed lower MDA content, which indicates low stress levels. In terms of growth, biomass production and chlorophyll-a, the best results occurred under light-induced stress (120 µmol photons m-2 s-1). Light-induced stress decreased antioxidant activity during M. gracile growth, and the results revealed a higher activity for glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.68282
Exequiel Oscar Furlan, S. Chemes, P. Scarabotti
Piscivorous Salminus brasiliensis and herbivorous/omnivorous Brycon orbignyanus often form mixed schools in the same habitats. The aims of this study were: (a) to analyze and compare ecto- and endoparasite communities in juvenile S. brasiliensis and B. orbignyanus in the Middle Paraná River, Argentina; and (b) to evaluate the possible relationships between degree of parasitic infestation and body condition (Kn) of the fish. Fish necropsy was performed in search of endo- and ectoparasites, which were mounted in permanent or semi-permanent preparations for taxonomic study using helminthological techniques. A total 24 macroparasite taxa were recorded from the two host species. The parasitic infracommunities of both hosts were competitively structured. Ectoparasite communities were more similar than endoparasite communities. The abundance of parasitic species was not correlated with the standard length, weight and Kn of host individuals, except for the abundance of the copepod E. lacusauratus in the host S. brasiliensis, which was positively related to fish condition. New records of parasites were observed for native hosts, extending the geographic range of several species already known in the Upper Paraná River. The general structure of parasite communities can be determined by several factors, such as parasite-host relationship, host trophic level, and environment. In concordance with the similarity in habitat preferences, and the strong differences in trophic preferences, ectoparasite communities were found to be more similar than endoparasite communities between the two host species.
在同一栖息地，食鱼类的巴西鲑和食草/食肉类的褐马鸡经常组成混合鱼群。本研究的目的是(a) 分析和比较阿根廷巴拉那河中游幼鱼（S. brasiliensis 和 B. orbignyanus）体内外寄生虫群落；(b) 评估寄生虫感染程度与鱼体状况（Kn）之间的可能关系。对鱼类进行尸体解剖以寻找内寄生虫和外寄生虫，并将这些寄生虫装入永久性或半永久性制剂中，利用螺旋体学技术进行分类研究。两种宿主共记录了 24 个大型寄生虫类群。两种宿主的寄生虫群落都是竞争性结构。外寄生虫群落比内寄生虫群落更为相似。寄生物种的数量与寄主个体的标准长度、体重和 Kn 值无关，只有寄主 S. brasiliensis 中的桡足类 E. lacusauratus 的数量与鱼体状况呈正相关。在本地宿主身上发现了新的寄生虫记录，扩大了上巴拉那河中已知的几个物种的地理分布范围。寄生虫群落的总体结构可由多种因素决定，如寄生虫-宿主关系、宿主营养级和环境。与栖息地偏好的相似性和营养偏好的强烈差异相一致，两种宿主之间的外寄生虫群落比内寄生虫群落更为相似。
{"title":"Parasites of juvenile Salminus brasiliensis and Brycon orbignyanus (Characiformes, Bryconidae) in the middle Paraná River, Argentina","authors":"Exequiel Oscar Furlan, S. Chemes, P. Scarabotti","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.68282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.68282","url":null,"abstract":"Piscivorous Salminus brasiliensis and herbivorous/omnivorous Brycon orbignyanus often form mixed schools in the same habitats. The aims of this study were: (a) to analyze and compare ecto- and endoparasite communities in juvenile S. brasiliensis and B. orbignyanus in the Middle Paraná River, Argentina; and (b) to evaluate the possible relationships between degree of parasitic infestation and body condition (Kn) of the fish. Fish necropsy was performed in search of endo- and ectoparasites, which were mounted in permanent or semi-permanent preparations for taxonomic study using helminthological techniques. A total 24 macroparasite taxa were recorded from the two host species. The parasitic infracommunities of both hosts were competitively structured. Ectoparasite communities were more similar than endoparasite communities. The abundance of parasitic species was not correlated with the standard length, weight and Kn of host individuals, except for the abundance of the copepod E. lacusauratus in the host S. brasiliensis, which was positively related to fish condition. New records of parasites were observed for native hosts, extending the geographic range of several species already known in the Upper Paraná River. The general structure of parasite communities can be determined by several factors, such as parasite-host relationship, host trophic level, and environment. In concordance with the similarity in habitat preferences, and the strong differences in trophic preferences, ectoparasite communities were found to be more similar than endoparasite communities between the two host species.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65589
Suad Aldorkee, A. A. H. S. AL-Janabi
Essential oils (EOs) are complex aromatic compounds with a broad range of biological activities. Those with a history of antimicrobial action were evaluated in this study as a nutritional source for pathogenic Candida. Clinical isolates of Candida spp. were cultivated on two types of media with six types of EOs (aniseed, purple nutsedge, harmal, camphor, black seed, and linseed). One medium contained only glucose (GM) and the second contained only peptone (PM). Many EOs in GM encouraged the growth of several Candida isolates. The EOs in PM showed low support to many isolates. Isolate 2 of C. albicans was the most effective strain to use with nearly every EO tested in the two media. In conclusion, EOs can be used as a source of carbon and nitrogen depending on the type of EO and fungal species. In an environment with less nutrients, EO may be recommended as a nutrient source for fungi rather than for its known antifungal activity.
{"title":"Novel aspect of essential oils with a history of antimicrobial activity to be used as a potential source of carbon and nitrogen for the nutrition of Candida pathogens","authors":"Suad Aldorkee, A. A. H. S. AL-Janabi","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65589","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils (EOs) are complex aromatic compounds with a broad range of biological activities. Those with a history of antimicrobial action were evaluated in this study as a nutritional source for pathogenic Candida. Clinical isolates of Candida spp. were cultivated on two types of media with six types of EOs (aniseed, purple nutsedge, harmal, camphor, black seed, and linseed). One medium contained only glucose (GM) and the second contained only peptone (PM). Many EOs in GM encouraged the growth of several Candida isolates. The EOs in PM showed low support to many isolates. Isolate 2 of C. albicans was the most effective strain to use with nearly every EO tested in the two media. In conclusion, EOs can be used as a source of carbon and nitrogen depending on the type of EO and fungal species. In an environment with less nutrients, EO may be recommended as a nutrient source for fungi rather than for its known antifungal activity.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139312425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64678
M. Teixeira, C. Nievola
Nidularium minutum is an ornamental bromeliad from the Brazilian Rainforest. The micropropagation of this species is essential for obtaining plants available for conservation programs or commercial use. Our study aimed to establish an efficient plant production method by in vitro sprouting. This bromeliad takes a long time to sprout in vitro, and 10% of the plants produce shoots in a culture medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs). When subcultured in a PGR-free medium, these individualized shoots can sprout like the mother plant. The Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS) containing 1.0 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) promoted the induction of adventitious shoots in greater than 90% of the plants after 240 days of culture with an average of more than eight shoots per plant. Approximately 100% of the in vitro-produced shoots survived after acclimatization, reaching the flowering stage. Therefore, our results showed that in vitro regeneration of N. minutum depends on the cultivation period and that plants with a higher sprouting capacity can be selected and used as micropropagation matrices, contributing to the production of this endangered bromeliad.
{"title":"Differential sprouting ability during micropropagation of Nidularium minutum Mez (Bromeliaceae)","authors":"M. Teixeira, C. Nievola","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64678","url":null,"abstract":"Nidularium minutum is an ornamental bromeliad from the Brazilian Rainforest. The micropropagation of this species is essential for obtaining plants available for conservation programs or commercial use. Our study aimed to establish an efficient plant production method by in vitro sprouting. This bromeliad takes a long time to sprout in vitro, and 10% of the plants produce shoots in a culture medium without plant growth regulators (PGRs). When subcultured in a PGR-free medium, these individualized shoots can sprout like the mother plant. The Murashige and Skoog basal medium (MS) containing 1.0 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) promoted the induction of adventitious shoots in greater than 90% of the plants after 240 days of culture with an average of more than eight shoots per plant. Approximately 100% of the in vitro-produced shoots survived after acclimatization, reaching the flowering stage. Therefore, our results showed that in vitro regeneration of N. minutum depends on the cultivation period and that plants with a higher sprouting capacity can be selected and used as micropropagation matrices, contributing to the production of this endangered bromeliad.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88440256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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