Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.66883
Marcus Dhilermando Hora de Souza, Jucieny Ferreira de Sá, M. I. Mendes, Denise dos Santos Vila Verde, K. Santos, M. P. S. D. Costa, Antônio da Silva Souza
In vitro germplasm conservation allows to extend the interval between subcultures without compromising the viability and genetic integrity of the plant, ensuring a backup of genotypes with high phytosanitary quality. Thus, this study aimed to verify the effect of four concentrations of Paclobutrazol® in inducing minimum growth in five Manihot esculenta accessions from the in vitro Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Cassava and Fruits. An experiment was installed using the Murashige and Skoog medium without addition and added with four concentrations of Paclobutrazol® (0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 mg L-1), in five in vitro accessions of M. esculenta: BRS Jari (BGM 2041), Cigana (BGM 0264), BRS Poti Branca (BGM 2017), TME 14, and BRS Novo Horizonte. The statistical design was completely randomized in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme, with 15 repetitions. After 120 days of cultivation, the following variables were evaluated: plant height (cm), number of green leaves, number of senescent leaves, number of mini-cuttings, number of shoots, and fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots (mg). Paclobutrazol® caused a reduction in plant height and gain in root mass for all accessions, in addition to preserving the number of green leaves and decreasing leaf senescence for most genotypes. There was a strong dependence of the genotype in relation to the concentration of Paclobutrazol®. The concentration of 0.20 mg L-1 showed potential in the in vitro conservation of M. esculenta genotypes.
体外种质保存可以延长传代培养之间的间隔，而不会损害植物的生存能力和遗传完整性，确保具有高植物检疫质量的基因型备份。因此，本研究旨在验证4种浓度的多效唑®对来自巴西木薯和水果体外活性种质资源库的5个Manihot esculenta品种的诱导最小生长的影响。实验采用不添加Murashige和Skoog培养基，分别添加4种浓度的多氯布唑®(0.10、0.20、0.30和0.40 mg L-1)，在5种体外培养基中进行:BRS Jari (BGM 2041)、Cigana (BGM 0264)、BRS Poti Branca (BGM 2017)、TME 14和BRS Novo Horizonte。统计设计采用5 × 5因子方案，完全随机化，重复15次。培养120 d后，测定植株高度(cm)、绿叶数、衰老叶数、小插枝数、芽数、芽和根的鲜干质量(mg)。对于大多数基因型，Paclobutrazol®除了保留绿叶数量和减少叶片衰老外，还导致所有品种的植株高度降低和根质量增加。多效唑(Paclobutrazol®)的浓度与基因型有很强的相关性。0.20 mg L-1的浓度对肉苁蓉基因型有较好的体外保护作用。
{"title":"Paclobutrazol in the in vitro conservation of cassava genotypes","authors":"Marcus Dhilermando Hora de Souza, Jucieny Ferreira de Sá, M. I. Mendes, Denise dos Santos Vila Verde, K. Santos, M. P. S. D. Costa, Antônio da Silva Souza","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.66883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.66883","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro germplasm conservation allows to extend the interval between subcultures without compromising the viability and genetic integrity of the plant, ensuring a backup of genotypes with high phytosanitary quality. Thus, this study aimed to verify the effect of four concentrations of Paclobutrazol® in inducing minimum growth in five Manihot esculenta accessions from the in vitro Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Cassava and Fruits. An experiment was installed using the Murashige and Skoog medium without addition and added with four concentrations of Paclobutrazol® (0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.40 mg L-1), in five in vitro accessions of M. esculenta: BRS Jari (BGM 2041), Cigana (BGM 0264), BRS Poti Branca (BGM 2017), TME 14, and BRS Novo Horizonte. The statistical design was completely randomized in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme, with 15 repetitions. After 120 days of cultivation, the following variables were evaluated: plant height (cm), number of green leaves, number of senescent leaves, number of mini-cuttings, number of shoots, and fresh and dry mass of shoots and roots (mg). Paclobutrazol® caused a reduction in plant height and gain in root mass for all accessions, in addition to preserving the number of green leaves and decreasing leaf senescence for most genotypes. There was a strong dependence of the genotype in relation to the concentration of Paclobutrazol®. The concentration of 0.20 mg L-1 showed potential in the in vitro conservation of M. esculenta genotypes.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87888312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65291
Murilo Henrique Tank Fortunato, H. Mendes, C. Hayashi, Lincoln Rodrigues de Faria, Caroline Lopes de Melo, Imaculada de Morais Carvalho Ananias
The objective of this work was to evaluate the predation rates of two genera of Odonata Miathyria Kirby, 1889 and Erythemis Hagen, 1861 in post-larviculture of tilapia with and without availability of Chironomidae. For that, 3 experiments were carried out, the first to analyze which size scale of these two genera would be more efficient in the predation of tilapia and the other 2 experiments with the selected size scales, to analyze the predation rates on tilapia with different Odonata densities, with and without availability of the aquatic insect Chironomidae. For statistical analysis of the data, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied with the Duncan test searching for the means in all experiments. In experiments 2 and 3 a linear regression model was also applied. In experiment 1, there were significant differences between treatments, and in the phase with Miathyria the predation of tilapia post-larvae was higher among odonates that corresponded to the size scale from 7.1 to 9.9 mm and therefore the scale was also selected for the next experiments. For Erythemis, the consumption of tilapia was higher in the size scale between 12.1 to 14,2 mm. In the following experiments, there were significant differences between treatments. With the increase in Odonata densities the predation of the fish was greater. With the availability of Chironomidae, the consumption of tilapia post-larvae decreased. The consumption of Chironomidae was higher than the consumption of fish in experiment 3. Miathyria proved to be more efficient than Erythemis in predation and the use of Chironomidae can be a sustainable alternative for post-larvae predation control on fish farms.
{"title":"Predation rate of dragonfly (Odonata: Libellulidae) on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus 1758) and the availability of alternative preys (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) to increase fish survival","authors":"Murilo Henrique Tank Fortunato, H. Mendes, C. Hayashi, Lincoln Rodrigues de Faria, Caroline Lopes de Melo, Imaculada de Morais Carvalho Ananias","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65291","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the predation rates of two genera of Odonata Miathyria Kirby, 1889 and Erythemis Hagen, 1861 in post-larviculture of tilapia with and without availability of Chironomidae. For that, 3 experiments were carried out, the first to analyze which size scale of these two genera would be more efficient in the predation of tilapia and the other 2 experiments with the selected size scales, to analyze the predation rates on tilapia with different Odonata densities, with and without availability of the aquatic insect Chironomidae. For statistical analysis of the data, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied with the Duncan test searching for the means in all experiments. In experiments 2 and 3 a linear regression model was also applied. In experiment 1, there were significant differences between treatments, and in the phase with Miathyria the predation of tilapia post-larvae was higher among odonates that corresponded to the size scale from 7.1 to 9.9 mm and therefore the scale was also selected for the next experiments. For Erythemis, the consumption of tilapia was higher in the size scale between 12.1 to 14,2 mm. In the following experiments, there were significant differences between treatments. With the increase in Odonata densities the predation of the fish was greater. With the availability of Chironomidae, the consumption of tilapia post-larvae decreased. The consumption of Chironomidae was higher than the consumption of fish in experiment 3. Miathyria proved to be more efficient than Erythemis in predation and the use of Chironomidae can be a sustainable alternative for post-larvae predation control on fish farms.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73186127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64832
Augusto Nicomedes Andrade Quintino, E. Cañedo, E. A. Lopes, B. S. Vieira, Valdir Lourenço Junior, D. F. Parreira, Wania Santos Neves
Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is an ecological alternative to chemical soil fumigation. However, little is known about the potential of this technique for the management of Meloidogyne javanica and Stromatinia cepivora. To test the hypothesis that ASD reduces the viability of these two pathogens, we assessed ethanol (5%, v:v) and sucrose (5%, m:v) as carbon sources for ASD, for an incubation period of three weeks. Twenty kilograms of soil naturally infested with M. javanica (82 ± 43 J2 100 cm-3 soil) were placed into a plastic container. Polyester traps, each with 15 S. cepivora sclerotia, were buried at 10 and 20 cm depth per container. ASD with diluted ethanol or sucrose (5% v:v or m:v) was compared to the untreated control (UTC), chemical fumigant metam sodium (MS), and soil saturation with water. In comparison to the UTC, ASD using ethanol reduced the numbers of J2 in soil and the galls in tomato roots by more than 93%, a degree of suppression similar to that achieved when using MS. The viability of sclerotia of S. cepivora was reduced by ASD using ethanol or sucrose from 38.12 to 58.1% compared to the UTC. ASD for three weeks using ethanol or sucrose (5%) reduces the viability of M. javanica and S. cepivora in the microcosm.
{"title":"Anaerobic soil disinfestation with ethanol or sucrose reduces the viability of Meloidogyne javanica and Stromatinia cepivora","authors":"Augusto Nicomedes Andrade Quintino, E. Cañedo, E. A. Lopes, B. S. Vieira, Valdir Lourenço Junior, D. F. Parreira, Wania Santos Neves","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64832","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) is an ecological alternative to chemical soil fumigation. However, little is known about the potential of this technique for the management of Meloidogyne javanica and Stromatinia cepivora. To test the hypothesis that ASD reduces the viability of these two pathogens, we assessed ethanol (5%, v:v) and sucrose (5%, m:v) as carbon sources for ASD, for an incubation period of three weeks. Twenty kilograms of soil naturally infested with M. javanica (82 ± 43 J2 100 cm-3 soil) were placed into a plastic container. Polyester traps, each with 15 S. cepivora sclerotia, were buried at 10 and 20 cm depth per container. ASD with diluted ethanol or sucrose (5% v:v or m:v) was compared to the untreated control (UTC), chemical fumigant metam sodium (MS), and soil saturation with water. In comparison to the UTC, ASD using ethanol reduced the numbers of J2 in soil and the galls in tomato roots by more than 93%, a degree of suppression similar to that achieved when using MS. The viability of sclerotia of S. cepivora was reduced by ASD using ethanol or sucrose from 38.12 to 58.1% compared to the UTC. ASD for three weeks using ethanol or sucrose (5%) reduces the viability of M. javanica and S. cepivora in the microcosm.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"23 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88282887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63349
W. L. Simões, Cíntia Patrícia Martins de Oliveira, A. R. D. Oliveira, G. A. Faria, M. Guimarães, F. Tardin, Jucicléia Soares da Silva
The identification of promising commercial varieties for irrigated crops in semiarid conditions based on characters of interest to sugarcane agro-industries is important, considering the search for high sugarcane yields to obtain sustainable crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate production components of agroindustrial interest of different sugarcane varieties grown under subsurface drip irrigation in the Semiarid region of Brazil, during two crop cycles. A randomized block experimental design was used, in an 8×2 factorial arrangement (varieties and cycles) with three replications. The sugarcane juice quality, sugar yield, and culm yield were evaluated in each cycle. Gross sugar percentage, sugarcane culm yield, juice apparent sucrose content, and juice purity were affected by the crop cycles. Soluble solids content presented strong significant correlation with most variables of agroindustrial interest. The path coefficient analysis showed that juice apparent sucrose content was the explanatory character with higher direct effect on soluble solids and that this variable presented high indirect effects on most explanatory variables. The sugarcane varieties RB72454 and Q124 are recommended for production managements with drip irrigation under semiarid conditions. Soluble solids content can be used as an alternative for direct selection of varieties with higher sugar yields in different cycles.
{"title":"Production components of agroindustrial interest of sugarcane varieties under subsurface drip irrigation in semiarid conditions","authors":"W. L. Simões, Cíntia Patrícia Martins de Oliveira, A. R. D. Oliveira, G. A. Faria, M. Guimarães, F. Tardin, Jucicléia Soares da Silva","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.63349","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of promising commercial varieties for irrigated crops in semiarid conditions based on characters of interest to sugarcane agro-industries is important, considering the search for high sugarcane yields to obtain sustainable crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate production components of agroindustrial interest of different sugarcane varieties grown under subsurface drip irrigation in the Semiarid region of Brazil, during two crop cycles. A randomized block experimental design was used, in an 8×2 factorial arrangement (varieties and cycles) with three replications. The sugarcane juice quality, sugar yield, and culm yield were evaluated in each cycle. Gross sugar percentage, sugarcane culm yield, juice apparent sucrose content, and juice purity were affected by the crop cycles. Soluble solids content presented strong significant correlation with most variables of agroindustrial interest. The path coefficient analysis showed that juice apparent sucrose content was the explanatory character with higher direct effect on soluble solids and that this variable presented high indirect effects on most explanatory variables. The sugarcane varieties RB72454 and Q124 are recommended for production managements with drip irrigation under semiarid conditions. Soluble solids content can be used as an alternative for direct selection of varieties with higher sugar yields in different cycles.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73453540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64577
Carem Cristina Araújo Valente, Fernanda da Cunha Gonçalves Ferreira, Yannick de Oliveira, J. Dias, M. Braga, Daniel Medina Corrêa Santos
This study presents a qualitative analysis of endangered species occurrences in conservation units of Rio de Janeiro, one of the largest Brazilian municipalities in population size. Increasing human activities trigger changes in biodiversity, promote fragmentation, and reduce species distribution ranges, which can ultimately lead to declines in population sizes. One of the main goals of protected areas (PAs), such as conservation units, is to protect and conserve biodiversity. Here, we compiled all vascular plant species recorded within Rio de Janeiro PAs by consulting the Reference Center for Environmental Information (SpeciesLink), Flora do Brasil (2020), and primary data records contained in management plans. We compared this compilation with the list of Brazilian endangered plant species, verifying whether the management plans presented specific programs for these species. Of the 60 surveyed PAs, 24 had records of endangered species and only 17 had management plans, 14 of which had a specific program that contemplated the monitoring and/or conservation of endangered species. A total of 70 endangered species were recorded. The highest numbers of endangered species were found in the Tijuca National Park (41) and the Pedra Branca State Park (17), the two largest PAs with the two largest forest fragments. Despite the high number of endangered species and the number of protected areas that harbor them, few internal programs address endangered species conservation and management. Thus, efforts to maintain endangered species in protected areas can be aided by field data collections that confirm their occurrence and maintenance in these PAs.
本研究对巴西人口规模最大的城市之一里约热内卢的保护单位中濒危物种的发生进行了定性分析。人类活动的增加引发生物多样性的变化，促进碎片化，减少物种分布范围，最终导致种群规模的下降。保护区(如保护单位)的主要目标之一是保护和养护生物多样性。在这里，我们通过咨询环境信息参考中心(SpeciesLink)、Flora do Brasil(2020)和管理计划中包含的主要数据记录，汇编了里约热内卢保护区记录的所有维管植物物种。我们将此汇编与巴西濒危植物物种列表进行比较，验证管理计划是否为这些物种提供了具体的计划。在被调查的60个保护区中，24个有濒危物种的记录，只有17个有管理计划，其中14个有一个考虑监测和/或保护濒危物种的具体计划。共录得70种濒危物种。濒危物种数量最多的是蒂茹卡国家公园(41种)和佩德拉布兰卡州立公园(17种)，这是两个最大的保护区，有两个最大的森林碎片。尽管有大量的濒危物种和保护它们的保护区，但很少有内部计划涉及濒危物种的保护和管理。因此，在保护区内维持濒危物种的努力可以得到实地数据收集的帮助，这些数据可以证实它们在这些保护区的存在和维持。
{"title":"Endangered flora in protected areas of Rio de Janeiro municipality – Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil","authors":"Carem Cristina Araújo Valente, Fernanda da Cunha Gonçalves Ferreira, Yannick de Oliveira, J. Dias, M. Braga, Daniel Medina Corrêa Santos","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64577","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a qualitative analysis of endangered species occurrences in conservation units of Rio de Janeiro, one of the largest Brazilian municipalities in population size. Increasing human activities trigger changes in biodiversity, promote fragmentation, and reduce species distribution ranges, which can ultimately lead to declines in population sizes. One of the main goals of protected areas (PAs), such as conservation units, is to protect and conserve biodiversity. Here, we compiled all vascular plant species recorded within Rio de Janeiro PAs by consulting the Reference Center for Environmental Information (SpeciesLink), Flora do Brasil (2020), and primary data records contained in management plans. We compared this compilation with the list of Brazilian endangered plant species, verifying whether the management plans presented specific programs for these species. Of the 60 surveyed PAs, 24 had records of endangered species and only 17 had management plans, 14 of which had a specific program that contemplated the monitoring and/or conservation of endangered species. A total of 70 endangered species were recorded. The highest numbers of endangered species were found in the Tijuca National Park (41) and the Pedra Branca State Park (17), the two largest PAs with the two largest forest fragments. Despite the high number of endangered species and the number of protected areas that harbor them, few internal programs address endangered species conservation and management. Thus, efforts to maintain endangered species in protected areas can be aided by field data collections that confirm their occurrence and maintenance in these PAs.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78342556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64296
A. Odeyemi, O. J. Akinjogunla, A. Ajayi, Remilekun M. Thomas, Oluwole Olusola Adeoye
Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are widespread health risks associated with drinking water. This study evaluated the physicochemical parameters and bacteriological quality of the stream and well water using standard protocols. The bacteria were identified by conventional and molecular methods. Antibiotic susceptibility and location of antibiotic resistance markers (ARMs) were determined using disc diffusion and acridine orange, respectively. The highest mean Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Counts (THBC), Total Coliform Counts (TCC) and Faecal Coliform Counts (FCC) from the stream water was 4.3 ± 0.3×106, 8.9 ± 0.0×105, and 3.5 ± 0.1×104 (CFU mL-1), respectively. The well water had mean TCC ranging between 2.8 ± 0.0×103 and 2.1 ± 0.1×104 (CFU mL-1). Six bacterial genera: Staphyloccocus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Shigella were isolated. The mean temperature of the water ranged from 26.0 ± 0.3oC to 27.0 ± 0.1oC. The highest mean dissolved oxygen, total hardness, sulphate and magnesium was 24.0 ± 1.0, 40.1 ± 0.8, 11.0± 1.0, and 67.0 ± 1.5 (mg L-1), respectively. The results showed that ≥ 66.7 S. aureus were Levofloxacin and Streptomycin sensitive; between 45.5 and 68.1% of the isolates were Gentamycin and Chloramphenicol resistant, while 81.8% exhibited multidrug resistance. Escherichia coli EcSW3, E. aerogenes EeWW2, K. pneumoniae KpSW3, and S. aureus SaSW had their entire ARMs located on the plasmids with the molecular sizes ˂ 2.027 Kbp. This study showed that the stream and well water harboured bacteria with some ARMs on plasmids, indicating the possibility of horizontal transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes among the bacteria. In addition, it showed the necessity to enlighten the rural populace on the importance of cleaning the surroundings near water sources so as to prevent water-borne diseases.
{"title":"Stream and well water samples from two rural communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria: assessment of physicochemical parameters, bacteriological quality and public health significance","authors":"A. Odeyemi, O. J. Akinjogunla, A. Ajayi, Remilekun M. Thomas, Oluwole Olusola Adeoye","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64296","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are widespread health risks associated with drinking water. This study evaluated the physicochemical parameters and bacteriological quality of the stream and well water using standard protocols. The bacteria were identified by conventional and molecular methods. Antibiotic susceptibility and location of antibiotic resistance markers (ARMs) were determined using disc diffusion and acridine orange, respectively. The highest mean Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Counts (THBC), Total Coliform Counts (TCC) and Faecal Coliform Counts (FCC) from the stream water was 4.3 ± 0.3×106, 8.9 ± 0.0×105, and 3.5 ± 0.1×104 (CFU mL-1), respectively. The well water had mean TCC ranging between 2.8 ± 0.0×103 and 2.1 ± 0.1×104 (CFU mL-1). Six bacterial genera: Staphyloccocus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Shigella were isolated. The mean temperature of the water ranged from 26.0 ± 0.3oC to 27.0 ± 0.1oC. The highest mean dissolved oxygen, total hardness, sulphate and magnesium was 24.0 ± 1.0, 40.1 ± 0.8, 11.0± 1.0, and 67.0 ± 1.5 (mg L-1), respectively. The results showed that ≥ 66.7 S. aureus were Levofloxacin and Streptomycin sensitive; between 45.5 and 68.1% of the isolates were Gentamycin and Chloramphenicol resistant, while 81.8% exhibited multidrug resistance. Escherichia coli EcSW3, E. aerogenes EeWW2, K. pneumoniae KpSW3, and S. aureus SaSW had their entire ARMs located on the plasmids with the molecular sizes ˂ 2.027 Kbp. This study showed that the stream and well water harboured bacteria with some ARMs on plasmids, indicating the possibility of horizontal transfer of antibiotic-resistant genes among the bacteria. In addition, it showed the necessity to enlighten the rural populace on the importance of cleaning the surroundings near water sources so as to prevent water-borne diseases.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85645683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64475
E. G. Durigon, J. Uczay, N. C. Peixoto, Samuel Marasca, Thamara Luísa Staudt Schneider, L. Maurer, T. Emanuelli, R. Lazzari
Tilapia is a species with great growth potential. Its production comes from a semi-intensive system, such as earthen ponds (EP). Recently, biofloc technology (BFT) appears as an option to intensify fish production. The objective of this work was to compare the organosomatic indices, biochemical parameters, and chemical composition of tilapia reared in EP and BFT. Fish were grown for 150 days, with an initial weight of ≅ 2 g and a final weight of ≅ 780 g. Thereafter, tissues and organs were collected to determine organosomatic indices and analyze biochemical parameters, fatty acid, and proximate composition. The carcass yield was higher for tilapia reared in EP than BFT. The production system did not affect the fish fillet yield. The other organosomatic parameters were higher for tilapia reared in BFT. Tilapia reared in EP showed higher content of crude protein and lipids in the fillet. In both production systems, there was no difference in the body lipid profile. Fish in BFT showed a higher concentration of glucose and ammonia in the muscle and amino acids in the liver. Fish reared in EP showed a higher concentration of lactate in the liver compared to those in BFT. In conclusion, the production system alters the metabolism of fish. The biofloc has a considerable amount of fatty acids, which can be considered in the formulation of diets for tilapia in this system.
{"title":"Lipid profile and metabolic parameters of tilapia in the finishing phase in earth ponds or using biofloc technology","authors":"E. G. Durigon, J. Uczay, N. C. Peixoto, Samuel Marasca, Thamara Luísa Staudt Schneider, L. Maurer, T. Emanuelli, R. Lazzari","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64475","url":null,"abstract":"Tilapia is a species with great growth potential. Its production comes from a semi-intensive system, such as earthen ponds (EP). Recently, biofloc technology (BFT) appears as an option to intensify fish production. The objective of this work was to compare the organosomatic indices, biochemical parameters, and chemical composition of tilapia reared in EP and BFT. Fish were grown for 150 days, with an initial weight of ≅ 2 g and a final weight of ≅ 780 g. Thereafter, tissues and organs were collected to determine organosomatic indices and analyze biochemical parameters, fatty acid, and proximate composition. The carcass yield was higher for tilapia reared in EP than BFT. The production system did not affect the fish fillet yield. The other organosomatic parameters were higher for tilapia reared in BFT. Tilapia reared in EP showed higher content of crude protein and lipids in the fillet. In both production systems, there was no difference in the body lipid profile. Fish in BFT showed a higher concentration of glucose and ammonia in the muscle and amino acids in the liver. Fish reared in EP showed a higher concentration of lactate in the liver compared to those in BFT. In conclusion, the production system alters the metabolism of fish. The biofloc has a considerable amount of fatty acids, which can be considered in the formulation of diets for tilapia in this system.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83584666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65725
Michelle Pereira Silva, Mariana Alcântara Calomino, L. A. Teixeira, R. Barros, G. Paula, F. Teixeira
Bromelain is a set of proteolytic enzymes usually obtained from pineapple (Ananas comosus). Although bromelain has distinguished therapeutic properties, little is known about its proteolytic potential against opportunistic pathogens related to wound healing complications, such as Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm and antibacterial activity of bromelain in 43 clinical strains of S. aureus isolated from chronic wounds and blood cultures. Bromelain’s activity against S. aureus biofilm in vitro was assessed by analyzing biofilm formation in cultures grown in the presence of 1% bromelain and biofilm destruction after the addition of 1% bromelain to mature biofilms. Proteinase K and sodium metaperiodate were also added to mature biofilms in parallel to compare their activity with that of bromelain and, together with exopolysaccharide and protein production rate assays, to determine the chemical composition of the biofilm extracellular matrix of selected strains of S. aureus. Bromelain was also evaluated for its DNase activity and impact on cellular hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation. Mueller-Hinton agar dilution was used to determine bromelain minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Biofilm assays showed that 1% bromelain significantly inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation (p = 0.0157) by up to 4-fold and destroys its mature biofilms (p < 0.0001) by up to 6.4-fold, both compared to the control grown without bromelain. Biofilms of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from chronic wounds were the most affected by bromelain treatment. No antibacterial activity was detected with bromelain MIC assays and the proteolytic activity of bromelain was identified as the main antibiofilm mechanism of the enzyme, though its DNase activity may also contribute. The epithelial therapeutic properties of bromelain combined with its antibiofilm activity against S. aureus make it a promising alternative to compose the therapeutic arsenal for the control of S. aureus biofilms in the context of wound care.
{"title":"Antibiofilm activity of bromelain from pineapple against Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Michelle Pereira Silva, Mariana Alcântara Calomino, L. A. Teixeira, R. Barros, G. Paula, F. Teixeira","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.65725","url":null,"abstract":"Bromelain is a set of proteolytic enzymes usually obtained from pineapple (Ananas comosus). Although bromelain has distinguished therapeutic properties, little is known about its proteolytic potential against opportunistic pathogens related to wound healing complications, such as Staphylococcus aureus. This study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm and antibacterial activity of bromelain in 43 clinical strains of S. aureus isolated from chronic wounds and blood cultures. Bromelain’s activity against S. aureus biofilm in vitro was assessed by analyzing biofilm formation in cultures grown in the presence of 1% bromelain and biofilm destruction after the addition of 1% bromelain to mature biofilms. Proteinase K and sodium metaperiodate were also added to mature biofilms in parallel to compare their activity with that of bromelain and, together with exopolysaccharide and protein production rate assays, to determine the chemical composition of the biofilm extracellular matrix of selected strains of S. aureus. Bromelain was also evaluated for its DNase activity and impact on cellular hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation. Mueller-Hinton agar dilution was used to determine bromelain minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Biofilm assays showed that 1% bromelain significantly inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation (p = 0.0157) by up to 4-fold and destroys its mature biofilms (p < 0.0001) by up to 6.4-fold, both compared to the control grown without bromelain. Biofilms of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains isolated from chronic wounds were the most affected by bromelain treatment. No antibacterial activity was detected with bromelain MIC assays and the proteolytic activity of bromelain was identified as the main antibiofilm mechanism of the enzyme, though its DNase activity may also contribute. The epithelial therapeutic properties of bromelain combined with its antibiofilm activity against S. aureus make it a promising alternative to compose the therapeutic arsenal for the control of S. aureus biofilms in the context of wound care.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78797933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-26DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64651
Zeinab Mohamed, A. A. Abd El-Kader, E. Awadalla, Safinaz Emad El- Baga
Aluminum is a neurotoxicant and one of the most harmful metals in the environment; it is producing tissue inflammation and oxidative stress. Curcumin is an effective antioxidant and neuroprotective compound with medicinal potential. Curcumin's effect on AL toxicity was investigated in this study. Two groups of 70 mature adult albino rats were used, each of which was subdivided into five groups: Control, Vehicle, Curcumin, Aluminum, and Curcumin + Aluminum group. For two periods of 20 and 40 days, animal models were administered orally AlCl3 (20 mg kg-1 bw) and/or Curcumin (100 mg kg-1 bw). In the cerebral cortex, aluminum caused a significant rise (p < 0.05) in lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, as well as a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. In the brain hippocampus, aluminum caused a major reduction (p < 0.05) in neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin), while Acetylcholine esterase activity increased sharply (p < 0.05). Aluminum also triggered histological analyses in the hippocampus of the brain. Curcumin co-administration considerably reduced the increase in lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, but also enhanced the depletion of antioxidant enzymes. Curcumin also reversed the decline in neurotransmitters, the increase in Acetylcholine esterase, and the distortion in the brain hippocampus.
{"title":"Curcumin exerts its antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against aluminum-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in male albino rats","authors":"Zeinab Mohamed, A. A. Abd El-Kader, E. Awadalla, Safinaz Emad El- Baga","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64651","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum is a neurotoxicant and one of the most harmful metals in the environment; it is producing tissue inflammation and oxidative stress. Curcumin is an effective antioxidant and neuroprotective compound with medicinal potential. Curcumin's effect on AL toxicity was investigated in this study. Two groups of 70 mature adult albino rats were used, each of which was subdivided into five groups: Control, Vehicle, Curcumin, Aluminum, and Curcumin + Aluminum group. For two periods of 20 and 40 days, animal models were administered orally AlCl3 (20 mg kg-1 bw) and/or Curcumin (100 mg kg-1 bw). In the cerebral cortex, aluminum caused a significant rise (p < 0.05) in lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, as well as a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. In the brain hippocampus, aluminum caused a major reduction (p < 0.05) in neurotransmitters (dopamine and serotonin), while Acetylcholine esterase activity increased sharply (p < 0.05). Aluminum also triggered histological analyses in the hippocampus of the brain. Curcumin co-administration considerably reduced the increase in lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation, but also enhanced the depletion of antioxidant enzymes. Curcumin also reversed the decline in neurotransmitters, the increase in Acetylcholine esterase, and the distortion in the brain hippocampus.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73845542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-15DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64188
Katia Aparecida da Silva Viegas, J. Fogaça, Adriane Lauro Nunes, Rodrigo Leal, Ellen Satilio da Silva, V. Machado, A. L. Filadelpho
The sartorius muscle is located in the pelvic limb of the dog and is divided into a cranial and caudal part. There is no report describing of the three parts of the sartorius muscle. The aim of the present report was to describe the presence of a third part of the sartorius muscle in a dog. Although it does not represent a malformation, it is an important anatomical variation to consider for didactic purposes of dissection and in surgeries of the pelvic limb, as in this case there is a need to move the muscles apart to maintain their integrity. Furthermore, this anatomical description is relevant for comparative purposes in this animal species.
{"title":"An uncommon anatomic variation of the sartorius muscle in a domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)","authors":"Katia Aparecida da Silva Viegas, J. Fogaça, Adriane Lauro Nunes, Rodrigo Leal, Ellen Satilio da Silva, V. Machado, A. L. Filadelpho","doi":"10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v45i1.64188","url":null,"abstract":"The sartorius muscle is located in the pelvic limb of the dog and is divided into a cranial and caudal part. There is no report describing of the three parts of the sartorius muscle. The aim of the present report was to describe the presence of a third part of the sartorius muscle in a dog. Although it does not represent a malformation, it is an important anatomical variation to consider for didactic purposes of dissection and in surgeries of the pelvic limb, as in this case there is a need to move the muscles apart to maintain their integrity. Furthermore, this anatomical description is relevant for comparative purposes in this animal species.","PeriodicalId":7166,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88774427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：