Jan Wipler, Z. Cermakova, V. Buchta, Pavel Žák, M. Vlčková
Czechs commonly share their homes with pet animals. However, the likelihood of transmission of filamentous fungi (FF) between the pet and the owner is not well known. The aim of this study was to define the frequency of such transmission. At the same time, the degree of closeness of owner-animal cohabitation, the effect on the spectrum of shared FF and health risk assessment were defined. The effect of previous antibiotic therapy on fungal flora was also assessed. In total, 150 pet owners and 135 pet animals from 125 households provided 911 samples; 80 non-owners provided 320 samples. All owners completed a questionnaire focusing on the level of contact with the pet and information on previous antibiotic treatment. The relationship between the contact index (CI) and the effect of previous antibiotic treatment on the number of FF species shared was quantified. Results were compared with those of non-owners. The CI was very close (CI > 4) in 131 owners (87.3%). A total of 110 FF were isolated. Common FF were found in 42 households (33.6%); 65 FF were identified in the non-owners. In the last year, 46 pets, 43 owners and 25 non-owners used antimicrobial agents. Aspergillus niger was most prevalent in owners and pets and Alternaria alternata in non-owners. The degree of contact intimacy did not seem to have any effect on the joint abundance of FF, but antibiotic treatment had a significant effect on FF abundance in non-owners. This effect was not significant in either owners or pets.
{"title":"The impact of sharing a home with a pet on the physiological state of the human microbiome: a comprehensive study on the Czech population with a focus on filamentous fungi","authors":"Jan Wipler, Z. Cermakova, V. Buchta, Pavel Žák, M. Vlčková","doi":"10.2754/avb202392020157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392020157","url":null,"abstract":"Czechs commonly share their homes with pet animals. However, the likelihood of transmission of filamentous fungi (FF) between the pet and the owner is not well known. The aim of this study was to define the frequency of such transmission. At the same time, the degree of closeness of owner-animal cohabitation, the effect on the spectrum of shared FF and health risk assessment were defined. The effect of previous antibiotic therapy on fungal flora was also assessed. In total, 150 pet owners and 135 pet animals from 125 households provided 911 samples; 80 non-owners provided 320 samples. All owners completed a questionnaire focusing on the level of contact with the pet and information on previous antibiotic treatment. The relationship between the contact index (CI) and the effect of previous antibiotic treatment on the number of FF species shared was quantified. Results were compared with those of non-owners. The CI was very close (CI > 4) in 131 owners (87.3%). A total of 110 FF were isolated. Common FF were found in 42 households (33.6%); 65 FF were identified in the non-owners. In the last year, 46 pets, 43 owners and 25 non-owners used antimicrobial agents. Aspergillus niger was most prevalent in owners and pets and Alternaria alternata in non-owners. The degree of contact intimacy did not seem to have any effect on the joint abundance of FF, but antibiotic treatment had a significant effect on FF abundance in non-owners. This effect was not significant in either owners or pets.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Özgür Yaşar Çelik, Tekin Şahin, Burçak Aslan Çelik, Özlem Orunç Kılınç, Adnan Ayan, Gürkan Akyıldız, Özge Oktay Ayan, Yaşar Göz, Kıvanç İrak, Gül Görmez
Cryptosporidiosis, one of the main protozoan infections of the last century, is especially dangerous for calves and causes significant economic losses. This research was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. by microscopic and molecular methods and to determine subtypes in 100 calves up to 6 months old and with diarrhoea in the Siirt Province, Türkiye. As a result of the microscopic examination (Kinyoun’s acid-fast), Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were found in 8 (8%) of 100 samples. As a result of nested PCR, 826-864 bp specific bands for Cryptosporidium spp. were obtained in 13 (13%) of 100 samples. When the DNA sequences of the SSU rRNA gene were compared with the NCBI Basic Local Alignment Search Tool database, it was determined that eight samples sequence analyses showed 100% similarity with the C. parvum , C. ryanae , and C. bovis samples. The detection of C. parvum , which has zoonotic importance in this study, suggests that calves with diarrhoea may be a source of contamination for other animals and humans. Therefore, animal owners and people in close contact with animals should be informed about the public health of cryptosporidiosis.
{"title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in calves in the Siirt Province, Türkiye","authors":"Özgür Yaşar Çelik, Tekin Şahin, Burçak Aslan Çelik, Özlem Orunç Kılınç, Adnan Ayan, Gürkan Akyıldız, Özge Oktay Ayan, Yaşar Göz, Kıvanç İrak, Gül Görmez","doi":"10.2754/avb202392030243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392030243","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptosporidiosis, one of the main protozoan infections of the last century, is especially dangerous for calves and causes significant economic losses. This research was carried out to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. by microscopic and molecular methods and to determine subtypes in 100 calves up to 6 months old and with diarrhoea in the Siirt Province, Türkiye. As a result of the microscopic examination (Kinyoun’s acid-fast), Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were found in 8 (8%) of 100 samples. As a result of nested PCR, 826-864 bp specific bands for Cryptosporidium spp. were obtained in 13 (13%) of 100 samples. When the DNA sequences of the SSU rRNA gene were compared with the NCBI Basic Local Alignment Search Tool database, it was determined that eight samples sequence analyses showed 100% similarity with the C. parvum , C. ryanae , and C. bovis samples. The detection of C. parvum , which has zoonotic importance in this study, suggests that calves with diarrhoea may be a source of contamination for other animals and humans. Therefore, animal owners and people in close contact with animals should be informed about the public health of cryptosporidiosis.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136029424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Wernicki, A. Żurek, M. Dec, A. Puchalski, R. Urban-Chmiel
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of colostral immunity against aetiological agents of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), to assess the suppressive effect of colostral antibodies against Mannheimia haemolytica on immunity, and to analyse acute phase proteins in calves. Holstein-Friesian and Simmental cows and calves were immunized with M. haemolytica leukotoxin (Lkt) and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) at 6 and 4 weeks before parturition. Sera and colostrum were collected from the cows directly after calving. Sera from calves were obtained before colostrum intake and 48 h after birth. Calves from vaccinated and unvaccinated cows were placed in the feedlot and immunized with Lkt or OMP on days 10 and 24. Calves were tested for serum antibodies against respiratory viruses. Trachea and lung samples were collected for bacteriological examination from all calves that had died with BRDC. The results indicated high colostrum values and IgG transfer in calves at 48 h (> 12.5 g/l) and a high concentration of anti-BVD antibodies in calves at 48 h (> 33–45 mg/ml). Similar values were observed for bovine herpes virus BHV-1 and bovine respiratory sycytil virus BRSV. Immunoglobulin concentrations were highest for antibodies specific to parainfluenza PI-3 and adenoviruses. The lowest antibody levels were detected against M. haemolytica antigens in all experimental groups of calves (< 50 mg/ml in calves of cows vaccinated with M. haemolytica antigens and < 25 mg/ml in calves of unvaccinated cows). The findings indicate the need for early immunization of calves, which is often precluded by stress associated with transport and adaptation to the new conditions in the feedlot.
{"title":"The influence of passive colostrum transfer on humoral immunity to selected antigens of Mannheimia haemolytica in calves","authors":"A. Wernicki, A. Żurek, M. Dec, A. Puchalski, R. Urban-Chmiel","doi":"10.2754/avb202392010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392010011","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of colostral immunity against aetiological agents of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), to assess the suppressive effect of colostral antibodies against Mannheimia haemolytica on immunity, and to analyse acute phase proteins in calves. Holstein-Friesian and Simmental cows and calves were immunized with M. haemolytica leukotoxin (Lkt) and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) at 6 and 4 weeks before parturition. Sera and colostrum were collected from the cows directly after calving. Sera from calves were obtained before colostrum intake and 48 h after birth. Calves from vaccinated and unvaccinated cows were placed in the feedlot and immunized with Lkt or OMP on days 10 and 24. Calves were tested for serum antibodies against respiratory viruses. Trachea and lung samples were collected for bacteriological examination from all calves that had died with BRDC. The results indicated high colostrum values and IgG transfer in calves at 48 h (> 12.5 g/l) and a high concentration of anti-BVD antibodies in calves at 48 h (> 33–45 mg/ml). Similar values were observed for bovine herpes virus BHV-1 and bovine respiratory sycytil virus BRSV. Immunoglobulin concentrations were highest for antibodies specific to parainfluenza PI-3 and adenoviruses. The lowest antibody levels were detected against M. haemolytica antigens in all experimental groups of calves (< 50 mg/ml in calves of cows vaccinated with M. haemolytica antigens and < 25 mg/ml in calves of unvaccinated cows). The findings indicate the need for early immunization of calves, which is often precluded by stress associated with transport and adaptation to the new conditions in the feedlot.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jookyung Sung, Y. Chae, Dohee Lee, Y. Koo, T. Yun, D. Chang, Kyung-Mee Park, Mhan-Pyo Yang, Byeong-Teck Kang, Hakhyun Kim
A 7-year-old, castrated male, Dachshund dog initially presented with locked-jaw syndrome. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated bilateral lymphadenopathy, but no skeletal or joint disorder was suspected. The dog showed no evidence of masticatory muscle myositis in the masticatory muscle antibody test and histopathologic examination, indicating non-infectious inflammation. Temporomandibular disorder due to immune-mediated disease was suspected, and the symptoms improved following prednisolone treatment. One year later, the dog was referred with multiple joint swellings and fever. Based on radiographic findings, synovial fluid analysis, and positive results of the antinuclear antibody test, systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed. The previous temporomandibular disorder might have been caused by systemic lupus erythematosus showing typical characteristics of recurrence and instability of various musculoskeletal systems. The symptoms were also relieved by glucocorticoid treatment. This report describes a case of systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog that was previously treated for temporomandibular disease, implying that systemic lupus erythematosus might be a cause of temporomandibular disorder or the two diseases might be associated in dogs.
{"title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog treated for temporomandibular disorder – a case report","authors":"Jookyung Sung, Y. Chae, Dohee Lee, Y. Koo, T. Yun, D. Chang, Kyung-Mee Park, Mhan-Pyo Yang, Byeong-Teck Kang, Hakhyun Kim","doi":"10.2754/avb202392020133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392020133","url":null,"abstract":"A 7-year-old, castrated male, Dachshund dog initially presented with locked-jaw syndrome. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated bilateral lymphadenopathy, but no skeletal or joint disorder was suspected. The dog showed no evidence of masticatory muscle myositis in the masticatory muscle antibody test and histopathologic examination, indicating non-infectious inflammation. Temporomandibular disorder due to immune-mediated disease was suspected, and the symptoms improved following prednisolone treatment. One year later, the dog was referred with multiple joint swellings and fever. Based on radiographic findings, synovial fluid analysis, and positive results of the antinuclear antibody test, systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed. The previous temporomandibular disorder might have been caused by systemic lupus erythematosus showing typical characteristics of recurrence and instability of various musculoskeletal systems. The symptoms were also relieved by glucocorticoid treatment. This report describes a case of systemic lupus erythematosus in a dog that was previously treated for temporomandibular disease, implying that systemic lupus erythematosus might be a cause of temporomandibular disorder or the two diseases might be associated in dogs.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vargová, F. Zigo, J. Výrostková, K. Veszelits Laktičová, Š. Bursová, S. Ondrašovičová
This study aimed to assess the ability of adhesion, detachment, and biofilm formation of the reference strain Staphylococcus aureus CCM 4223 on a stainless steel surface, and the efficacy of three disinfectants: preparation A (based on peracetic acid, 20 mg/l), preparation B (newly developed disinfectant with a combination of two active ingredients, caprylic acid and hydrogen peroxide, 25 mg/l), and preparation C (based on sodium hypochlorite, 200 mg/l) in removing S. aureus cells adhered onto this surface. Cell detachment was around 5 log CFU/cm2 (colony forming units) over the first 6 h and around 6 log CFU/cm2 over 48 h characterizing a high persistence of cells on the tested surface. The number of cells (5–7 log CFU/cm2) needed for biofilm formation was noted already after 6 h of incubation. The decrease in cell counts caused by preparation A was 1.12–2.07 log CFU/cm2 (P < 0.0001), whereas for preparation C and preparation B, the decrease was 1.13–2.08 log CFU/cm2 and 1.61–2.16 log CFU/cm2, respectively (P < 0.0001). Preparation A was found to be the most effective (80.9%) in reducing the adhered cell count in the biofilm matrix. From these results, the assayed S. aureus strain revealed high capacities to adhere and form biofilms on stainless steel surfaces, and the cells in biofilm matrixes were resistant to total removal when exposed to the evaluated disinfectants.
{"title":"Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel surfaces and evaluation of its sensitivity to sanitizers","authors":"M. Vargová, F. Zigo, J. Výrostková, K. Veszelits Laktičová, Š. Bursová, S. Ondrašovičová","doi":"10.2754/avb202392020189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392020189","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the ability of adhesion, detachment, and biofilm formation of the reference strain Staphylococcus aureus CCM 4223 on a stainless steel surface, and the efficacy of three disinfectants: preparation A (based on peracetic acid, 20 mg/l), preparation B (newly developed disinfectant with a combination of two active ingredients, caprylic acid and hydrogen peroxide, 25 mg/l), and preparation C (based on sodium hypochlorite, 200 mg/l) in removing S. aureus cells adhered onto this surface. Cell detachment was around 5 log CFU/cm2 (colony forming units) over the first 6 h and around 6 log CFU/cm2 over 48 h characterizing a high persistence of cells on the tested surface. The number of cells (5–7 log CFU/cm2) needed for biofilm formation was noted already after 6 h of incubation. The decrease in cell counts caused by preparation A was 1.12–2.07 log CFU/cm2 (P < 0.0001), whereas for preparation C and preparation B, the decrease was 1.13–2.08 log CFU/cm2 and 1.61–2.16 log CFU/cm2, respectively (P < 0.0001). Preparation A was found to be the most effective (80.9%) in reducing the adhered cell count in the biofilm matrix. From these results, the assayed S. aureus strain revealed high capacities to adhere and form biofilms on stainless steel surfaces, and the cells in biofilm matrixes were resistant to total removal when exposed to the evaluated disinfectants.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) on tumour development pathways in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal cancer in rats by molecular methods. Eighteen paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues, six from each group, were studied in the healthy control (C), cancer control (CC), cancer + TCAE (C-TCAE) groups. Sections of 5 µm thickness were taken from the paraffin blocks and submitted to staining with haematoxylin-eosin. In the histopathological examination, the number of crypts forming aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the degree of dysplasia in the crypts were scored. Real-time PCR analysis was completed to determine β-catenin, KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus), APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) and P53 expressions on samples from each paraffin block. The grading scores of the number of crypts forming ACF and dysplasia in the crypts showed an evident decrease in the C-TCAE group in comparison to the CC group (P < 0.05). In real-time PCR analysis, mRNA expression levels of P53 (P > 0.05) and APC (P < 0.001) genes were found to be increased in the C-TCAE group according to the CC group. The expression levels of KRAS (P < 0.01) and β-catenin (P < 0.005) mRNA were found significantly decreased in the C-TCAE group. In conclusion, the effects of TCAE on AOM-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in rats were evaluated molecularly; TCAE was found to modulate some changes in CRC developmental pathways, inhibiting tumour development and proliferation, and stimulating non-mutagenic tumour suppressor genes. Thus, it can be stated that TCAE is an effective chemopreventive agent.
{"title":"Effect of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract on tumour pathways in azoxymethane-induced colorectal cancer in rats","authors":"G. Akçakavak, O. Ozdemir","doi":"10.2754/avb202392010079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392010079","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcoholic extract (TCAE) on tumour development pathways in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal cancer in rats by molecular methods. Eighteen paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues, six from each group, were studied in the healthy control (C), cancer control (CC), cancer + TCAE (C-TCAE) groups. Sections of 5 µm thickness were taken from the paraffin blocks and submitted to staining with haematoxylin-eosin. In the histopathological examination, the number of crypts forming aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the degree of dysplasia in the crypts were scored. Real-time PCR analysis was completed to determine β-catenin, KRAS (Kirsten rat sarcoma virus), APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) and P53 expressions on samples from each paraffin block. The grading scores of the number of crypts forming ACF and dysplasia in the crypts showed an evident decrease in the C-TCAE group in comparison to the CC group (P < 0.05). In real-time PCR analysis, mRNA expression levels of P53 (P > 0.05) and APC (P < 0.001) genes were found to be increased in the C-TCAE group according to the CC group. The expression levels of KRAS (P < 0.01) and β-catenin (P < 0.005) mRNA were found significantly decreased in the C-TCAE group. In conclusion, the effects of TCAE on AOM-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in rats were evaluated molecularly; TCAE was found to modulate some changes in CRC developmental pathways, inhibiting tumour development and proliferation, and stimulating non-mutagenic tumour suppressor genes. Thus, it can be stated that TCAE is an effective chemopreventive agent.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucie Urbanova, V. Vyhnánková, A. Nečasová, Z. Filipejová, R. Srnec, Laura Staňková, Ilaria Rizzo, D. Pacík, A. Nečas
The objective of the study was to determine whether the temperature of urine samples from patients with prostate cancer or the temperature of urine samples from men not suffering from this condition affects the efficacy of prostate cancer detection performed by a specially trained dog using its olfactory abilities. A total of 218 urine samples, divided into two sets differing in temperature, were tested for male prostate cancer by a dog sniffing urine samples. In group 1 (urine temperature 15–23 °C), 120 urine samples were examined by a sniffer dog, of which 57 samples were positive (from the group of men with established prostate cancer) and 63 samples were negative (from men not affected by prostate cancer). In group 2 (urine temperature 2–14 °C), 98 urine samples were examined by a sniffer dog, of which 51 were positive (from the group of men with established prostate cancer) and 47 were negative (from men not affected by prostate cancer). The results of our study demonstrated no link between the efficacy of male prostate cancer detection performed by a specially trained dog using its olfactory abilities from a urine sample and the temperature range from 2–23 °C (P > 0.05).
{"title":"The effect of urine sample temperature on the efficacy of olfactory detection of prostate cancer in men by a specially trained dog","authors":"Lucie Urbanova, V. Vyhnánková, A. Nečasová, Z. Filipejová, R. Srnec, Laura Staňková, Ilaria Rizzo, D. Pacík, A. Nečas","doi":"10.2754/avb202392030303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392030303","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to determine whether the temperature of urine samples from patients with prostate cancer or the temperature of urine samples from men not suffering from this condition affects the efficacy of prostate cancer detection performed by a specially trained dog using its olfactory abilities. A total of 218 urine samples, divided into two sets differing in temperature, were tested for male prostate cancer by a dog sniffing urine samples. In group 1 (urine temperature 15–23 °C), 120 urine samples were examined by a sniffer dog, of which 57 samples were positive (from the group of men with established prostate cancer) and 63 samples were negative (from men not affected by prostate cancer). In group 2 (urine temperature 2–14 °C), 98 urine samples were examined by a sniffer dog, of which 51 were positive (from the group of men with established prostate cancer) and 47 were negative (from men not affected by prostate cancer). The results of our study demonstrated no link between the efficacy of male prostate cancer detection performed by a specially trained dog using its olfactory abilities from a urine sample and the temperature range from 2–23 °C (P > 0.05).","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69210619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the housing system on the behaviour, performance, and health of dairy calves. The two-year study was conducted on 56 Holstein bull calves (from birth to 60 days of age) that were placed in individual hutches immediately after their birth. At the age of 31 days, 28 bull calves were moved to group hutches by four. The calves were weighed at birth, at 30 days, and at 60 days of age. The starter intake and health were recorded once a day. The behavioural activities of calves (lying, standing and cross-sucking, etc.) were analysed in 24-h cycles at 38 days and 53 days of age. The results showed that group-housed calves spent less time lying and resting (P < 0.01) and more time standing (P < 0.01), receiving the starter (P < 0.05), drinking (P < 0.01), cross-sucking (P < 0.01), and social playing (P < 0.01) compared to individually housed calves. Conversely, calves from individually housing spent more time licking the housing surfaces (P < 0.05) and individual playing (P < 0.05). Bull calves housed from day 31 of age in the group hutches achieved a non-significantly higher body weight at weaning (by +3.0 kg), weight gain (by +2.8 kg), and a significantly higher (P < 0.05) starter intake (by +7.9 kg) compared to the individually housed calves. These results showed that housing in small groups allowed for the natural behaviour of calves and improved their growth without having adverse effects on their health.
{"title":"The effect of group housing on behaviour, growth performance, and health of dairy calves","authors":"G. Malá, P. Novák, J. Prášek, L. Zábranský","doi":"10.2754/avb202392020109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392020109","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the housing system on the behaviour, performance, and health of dairy calves. The two-year study was conducted on 56 Holstein bull calves (from birth to 60 days of age) that were placed in individual hutches immediately after their birth. At the age of 31 days, 28 bull calves were moved to group hutches by four. The calves were weighed at birth, at 30 days, and at 60 days of age. The starter intake and health were recorded once a day. The behavioural activities of calves (lying, standing and cross-sucking, etc.) were analysed in 24-h cycles at 38 days and 53 days of age. The results showed that group-housed calves spent less time lying and resting (P < 0.01) and more time standing (P < 0.01), receiving the starter (P < 0.05), drinking (P < 0.01), cross-sucking (P < 0.01), and social playing (P < 0.01) compared to individually housed calves. Conversely, calves from individually housing spent more time licking the housing surfaces (P < 0.05) and individual playing (P < 0.05). Bull calves housed from day 31 of age in the group hutches achieved a non-significantly higher body weight at weaning (by +3.0 kg), weight gain (by +2.8 kg), and a significantly higher (P < 0.05) starter intake (by +7.9 kg) compared to the individually housed calves. These results showed that housing in small groups allowed for the natural behaviour of calves and improved their growth without having adverse effects on their health.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conazoles are azole antifungals used in agricultural and pharmaceutical products. Exposure to conazole fungicides leads to several toxic endpoints, including reproductive and endocrine. The results of animal experiments have shown that various conazole fungicides at high doses affect the structure and functions of reproductive organs. In males, adverse effects of conazole fungicides are manifested in the testes, prostate, sperm viability, fertility and sexual behaviour. Reduced testis weight, testis atrophy and reduced or absent sperm production were frequently observed. In female genitalia, structural changes in the ovaries and uterus have been observed. The extent of the changes depends on the dose and duration of treatment. Triazoles affected the expression of multiple genes involved in steroid hormone metabolism and modulate enzyme activity of multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) and other metabolic enzymes in mammalian liver and other tissues. Conazole fungicides act as endocrine disruptors. Conazoles have been reported to reduce oestradiol and testosterone production and to increase progesterone concentration, indicating the inhibition of enzymes involved in the conversion of progesterone to testosterone. The reproductive effects are consistent with impairment of testosterone homeostasis. The disruption in steroid homeostasis is a common mode of action, leading to abnormal reproductive development and diminished reproductive function. At high doses, azole fungicides affect reproductive organs and fertility in several species.
{"title":"The effect of conazoles on reproductive organs structure and function – a review","authors":"M. Maretta, E. Marettová, J. Legáth","doi":"10.2754/avb202392010061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392010061","url":null,"abstract":"Conazoles are azole antifungals used in agricultural and pharmaceutical products. Exposure to conazole fungicides leads to several toxic endpoints, including reproductive and endocrine. The results of animal experiments have shown that various conazole fungicides at high doses affect the structure and functions of reproductive organs. In males, adverse effects of conazole fungicides are manifested in the testes, prostate, sperm viability, fertility and sexual behaviour. Reduced testis weight, testis atrophy and reduced or absent sperm production were frequently observed. In female genitalia, structural changes in the ovaries and uterus have been observed. The extent of the changes depends on the dose and duration of treatment. Triazoles affected the expression of multiple genes involved in steroid hormone metabolism and modulate enzyme activity of multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) and other metabolic enzymes in mammalian liver and other tissues. Conazole fungicides act as endocrine disruptors. Conazoles have been reported to reduce oestradiol and testosterone production and to increase progesterone concentration, indicating the inhibition of enzymes involved in the conversion of progesterone to testosterone. The reproductive effects are consistent with impairment of testosterone homeostasis. The disruption in steroid homeostasis is a common mode of action, leading to abnormal reproductive development and diminished reproductive function. At high doses, azole fungicides affect reproductive organs and fertility in several species.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 6-year-old thoroughbred gelding was admitted to the clinic with acute severe lameness and swelling of the front limb fetlock area. The traditional examination methods (clinical, radiography, and ultrasonography) were insufficient to identify the exact pathological changes causing the lameness. Despite conservative treatment, the condition of the horse deteriorated and the horse was euthanized after 15 days. A diagnosis was determined by post mortem CT examination and an autopsy of the affected limb. From several pathological findings, an acute cystoid lesion in the first phalanx communicating with the fetlock joint was determined to be the probable main cause of the severe lameness in this horse.
{"title":"Multifactorial severe lameness in a horse originating from the fetlock region as a diagnostic challenge – a case report","authors":"K. Žuffová, O. Dobešová","doi":"10.2754/avb202392020117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392020117","url":null,"abstract":"A 6-year-old thoroughbred gelding was admitted to the clinic with acute severe lameness and swelling of the front limb fetlock area. The traditional examination methods (clinical, radiography, and ultrasonography) were insufficient to identify the exact pathological changes causing the lameness. Despite conservative treatment, the condition of the horse deteriorated and the horse was euthanized after 15 days. A diagnosis was determined by post mortem CT examination and an autopsy of the affected limb. From several pathological findings, an acute cystoid lesion in the first phalanx communicating with the fetlock joint was determined to be the probable main cause of the severe lameness in this horse.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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