Ö. Kilinç, Adnan Ayan, N. Yumuşak, A. U. Kömüroğlu, Burçak Aslan, Ö. Çelik, Y. Göz
Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are protozoon parasites from the intracellular apicomplexan family. Toxoplasma gondii is the cause of health and economic problems in the sheep industry worldwide. Neospora caninum is usually reported in cows and leads to infections causing abortions; however, its prevalence in sheep is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pathology of T. gondii and N. caninum by PCR, histopathological and immune-histochemical methods in aborted sheep foetuses collected at different sheep flocks in the Van Province, Türkiye, in 2021. Firstly, the DNA of T. gondii and N. caninum were investigated by PCR in the brain, heart, and peritoneal fluid samples from 42 sheep foetuses. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was proved in 35.7% (15/42) of foetuses whereas N. caninum DNA was not determined in any of the samples. Histopathologically, all T. gondii positive brain tissue samples showed lymphohistiocytic multifocal encephalomyelitis and additional findings included necrotizing myocarditis in the positive heart samples. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were identified in the lesions (diffuse or focal mononuclear cell infiltration in the meninges, and microglia proliferation, myocarditis with oedema) by anti-T. gondii antibodies by the immunohistochemical method. Based on our results, we can conclude that T. gondii is an important agent in sheep abortions and the PCR method is a suitable method for diagnosis which can also be used in heart tissue in pathological studies.
{"title":"Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in different tissues of aborted foetuses of sheep in Van Province, Türkiye: Analysis by nested PCR, histopathological and immunohistochemical methods","authors":"Ö. Kilinç, Adnan Ayan, N. Yumuşak, A. U. Kömüroğlu, Burçak Aslan, Ö. Çelik, Y. Göz","doi":"10.2754/avb202392020123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392020123","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are protozoon parasites from the intracellular apicomplexan family. Toxoplasma gondii is the cause of health and economic problems in the sheep industry worldwide. Neospora caninum is usually reported in cows and leads to infections causing abortions; however, its prevalence in sheep is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and pathology of T. gondii and N. caninum by PCR, histopathological and immune-histochemical methods in aborted sheep foetuses collected at different sheep flocks in the Van Province, Türkiye, in 2021. Firstly, the DNA of T. gondii and N. caninum were investigated by PCR in the brain, heart, and peritoneal fluid samples from 42 sheep foetuses. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was proved in 35.7% (15/42) of foetuses whereas N. caninum DNA was not determined in any of the samples. Histopathologically, all T. gondii positive brain tissue samples showed lymphohistiocytic multifocal encephalomyelitis and additional findings included necrotizing myocarditis in the positive heart samples. Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were identified in the lesions (diffuse or focal mononuclear cell infiltration in the meninges, and microglia proliferation, myocarditis with oedema) by anti-T. gondii antibodies by the immunohistochemical method. Based on our results, we can conclude that T. gondii is an important agent in sheep abortions and the PCR method is a suitable method for diagnosis which can also be used in heart tissue in pathological studies.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of boar taint has recently become a frequent topic due to the ban on surgical castration of piglets without anaesthesia. Genetic selection based on markers that affect the molecular synthesis and degradation of the two main compounds of boar taint - androstenone and skatole - appears to be one of the possibilities. Many genes and their expression profiles associated with androstenone and skatole levels are known, and studies usually analyse them in hybrids. Our study focused on pure pig breeds and their comparison in the genotypes of the CYP2E1, TEAD3, HSD3B, and CYB5A genes. We examined four common commercial breeds (Large White, Landrace, Pietrain, Duroc) and compared them with the original Czech autochthonous Přeštice Black Pied breed, which is also classified as a gene source, with the breed being highlighted for its meat quality. Our research shows that there are differences between purebred individuals. Due to breeding programs, genotyping of breeding boars and sows is not only possible but also relevant.
{"title":"Boar taint through the eyes of genetics: A comparison of the Czech indigenous pig breed and commercial breeds in four gene polymorphisms related to skatole and androstenone levels","authors":"Lenka Falk, I. Vrtková, P. Bartoňová","doi":"10.2754/avb202392020181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392020181","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of boar taint has recently become a frequent topic due to the ban on surgical castration of piglets without anaesthesia. Genetic selection based on markers that affect the molecular synthesis and degradation of the two main compounds of boar taint - androstenone and skatole - appears to be one of the possibilities. Many genes and their expression profiles associated with androstenone and skatole levels are known, and studies usually analyse them in hybrids. Our study focused on pure pig breeds and their comparison in the genotypes of the CYP2E1, TEAD3, HSD3B, and CYB5A genes. We examined four common commercial breeds (Large White, Landrace, Pietrain, Duroc) and compared them with the original Czech autochthonous Přeštice Black Pied breed, which is also classified as a gene source, with the breed being highlighted for its meat quality. Our research shows that there are differences between purebred individuals. Due to breeding programs, genotyping of breeding boars and sows is not only possible but also relevant.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the great importance and economic impact of African swine fever, great emphasis is placed on the diagnosis of its causative agent and the development of new types of vaccines. However, a prerequisite for the shift in these areas is a more thorough understanding of the structure and characteristics of virus proteins. The aim of this work was to analyze the location of B-cell epitopes in the structure of the African swine fever virus p54 protein, combining the results of in silico and pepscan analysis. In silico analysis revealed the presence of potential B-cell epitopes primarily in the C-terminal part of the protein, pepscan technique confirmed these immunogenic regions between amino acids 24-61 and 151-182.
{"title":"In silico and pepscan analysis of African swine fever virus p54 protein","authors":"Dagmar Břínek Kolařová, Zuzana Úlehlová, Lucie Janíček Hrubá, Klára Klíčová, V. Celer","doi":"10.2754/avb202392010047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392010047","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the great importance and economic impact of African swine fever, great emphasis is placed on the diagnosis of its causative agent and the development of new types of vaccines. However, a prerequisite for the shift in these areas is a more thorough understanding of the structure and characteristics of virus proteins. The aim of this work was to analyze the location of B-cell epitopes in the structure of the African swine fever virus p54 protein, combining the results of in silico and pepscan analysis. In silico analysis revealed the presence of potential B-cell epitopes primarily in the C-terminal part of the protein, pepscan technique confirmed these immunogenic regions between amino acids 24-61 and 151-182.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69210178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nečasová, J. Lorenzova, K. Řeháková, Danka Haruštiaková, A. Nečas
Portosystemic shunt (PSS) is a vascular disease that can be treated by various surgical techniques. Current veterinary studies are evaluating new prognostic markers in dogs with PSS. This study aims at evaluating the prognostic value of plasma protein C activity in dogs (n = 34) with PSS treated surgically using an ameroid constrictor. Plasma protein C activity was measured in the following time periods: preoperatively (T1), 2 days after surgery (T2), 8 weeks after surgery (T3) and > 6 months after surgery (T4). There was a significant increase in plasma protein C activity between T1/T2 and T3/T4 (P < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between the plasma protein C activity and sex (P = 0.676), age (P = 0.172), breed (P = 0.573), type of clinical signs (neurological P = 0.993; gastrointestinal P = 0.924; urological P = 0.385) and type of portosystemic shunt (P = 0.516), except for dogs with a caval type of extrahepatic PSS termination that had significant lower plasma protein C activity values compared to dogs with a diaphragmatic type of extrahepatic PSS (P = 0.031). No significant relationship was found between plasma protein C activity and the probability of the dog’s death (P = 0.334) or the dog’s clinical outcome (P = 0.960). Although not a prognostic factor, protein C activity is a laboratory marker that is useful for the diagnosis of PSS in dogs and can also be helpful in the postoperative monitoring.
{"title":"Assessment of plasma protein C activity in dogs with portosystemic shunt","authors":"A. Nečasová, J. Lorenzova, K. Řeháková, Danka Haruštiaková, A. Nečas","doi":"10.2754/avb202392030289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392030289","url":null,"abstract":"Portosystemic shunt (PSS) is a vascular disease that can be treated by various surgical techniques. Current veterinary studies are evaluating new prognostic markers in dogs with PSS. This study aims at evaluating the prognostic value of plasma protein C activity in dogs (n = 34) with PSS treated surgically using an ameroid constrictor. Plasma protein C activity was measured in the following time periods: preoperatively (T1), 2 days after surgery (T2), 8 weeks after surgery (T3) and > 6 months after surgery (T4). There was a significant increase in plasma protein C activity between T1/T2 and T3/T4 (P < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between the plasma protein C activity and sex (P = 0.676), age (P = 0.172), breed (P = 0.573), type of clinical signs (neurological P = 0.993; gastrointestinal P = 0.924; urological P = 0.385) and type of portosystemic shunt (P = 0.516), except for dogs with a caval type of extrahepatic PSS termination that had significant lower plasma protein C activity values compared to dogs with a diaphragmatic type of extrahepatic PSS (P = 0.031). No significant relationship was found between plasma protein C activity and the probability of the dog’s death (P = 0.334) or the dog’s clinical outcome (P = 0.960). Although not a prognostic factor, protein C activity is a laboratory marker that is useful for the diagnosis of PSS in dogs and can also be helpful in the postoperative monitoring.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69210611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence of kidney damage in livestock was monitored in the Czech slaughterhouses from 2010 to 2021. The results showed that the incidence of kidney damage was lower in all monitored species (P < 0.05) in fattened animals compared to adult ones. In cattle and pigs, the incidence of kidney damage was lower (P < 0.01) in fattened animals (bulls, finisher pigs) than in culled young (calves, piglets). When comparing individual categories of adult animals, the lowest incidence of kidney damage was found in does and ewes (2.68% and 3.01%, respectively), then in sows (28.45%), and the highest was in cows (40.46%). Among fattened animals, the incidence of findings in kidneys was increasing in the order of kids (0.21%), lambs (0.42%), bulls (10.46%) and finisher pigs (14.42%). Findings of chronic kidney damage were more frequent than findings of acute (P < 0.01) and parasitic (P < 0.01) origin in all observed categories of animals. The results show that, from the point of view of the incidence of kidney damage as a major consequence of imbalance between the organism’s metabolic needs and the nutrition provided to the animals, there are deficiencies of a significant level, which prove that there is still significant room for further optimization of the nutrition of individual categories of animals, that would take into account not only performance, overall clinical health, but also subclinical animal health, leading to a reduction in the incidence of kidney damage detected in animals at slaughter.
{"title":"Comparison of the incidence of kidney damage in cattle, pigs, sheep and goats detected at slaughterhouses as an indicator of animal health","authors":"L. Válková, E. Voslářová, Z. Becskei, V. Vecerek","doi":"10.2754/avb202392030321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392030321","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of kidney damage in livestock was monitored in the Czech slaughterhouses from 2010 to 2021. The results showed that the incidence of kidney damage was lower in all monitored species (P < 0.05) in fattened animals compared to adult ones. In cattle and pigs, the incidence of kidney damage was lower (P < 0.01) in fattened animals (bulls, finisher pigs) than in culled young (calves, piglets). When comparing individual categories of adult animals, the lowest incidence of kidney damage was found in does and ewes (2.68% and 3.01%, respectively), then in sows (28.45%), and the highest was in cows (40.46%). Among fattened animals, the incidence of findings in kidneys was increasing in the order of kids (0.21%), lambs (0.42%), bulls (10.46%) and finisher pigs (14.42%). Findings of chronic kidney damage were more frequent than findings of acute (P < 0.01) and parasitic (P < 0.01) origin in all observed categories of animals. The results show that, from the point of view of the incidence of kidney damage as a major consequence of imbalance between the organism’s metabolic needs and the nutrition provided to the animals, there are deficiencies of a significant level, which prove that there is still significant room for further optimization of the nutrition of individual categories of animals, that would take into account not only performance, overall clinical health, but also subclinical animal health, leading to a reduction in the incidence of kidney damage detected in animals at slaughter.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":"263 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69210681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Halačka, K. Janko, Jakub Fedorčák, J. Kosco, L. Vetešník
The aim of the study was to verify whether the use of heparin as an anticoagulant can affect the results of genome size measurements using a flow cytometer. The values obtained by measuring blood samples with different concentrations of heparin were compared. The differences observed were highly significant, suggesting that the results of previous comparative studies, or those determining individual polyploidy, may need reinterpretation. We anticipate that our findings will increase the accuracy of flow cytometric analysis and will be useful for further surveys of genome size undertaken using blood samples.
{"title":"Effect of heparin as an anticoagulant on measurements of the erythrocyte genome size using flow cytometry in bony fishes of different ploidy","authors":"K. Halačka, K. Janko, Jakub Fedorčák, J. Kosco, L. Vetešník","doi":"10.2754/avb202392020171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392020171","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to verify whether the use of heparin as an anticoagulant can affect the results of genome size measurements using a flow cytometer. The values obtained by measuring blood samples with different concentrations of heparin were compared. The differences observed were highly significant, suggesting that the results of previous comparative studies, or those determining individual polyploidy, may need reinterpretation. We anticipate that our findings will increase the accuracy of flow cytometric analysis and will be useful for further surveys of genome size undertaken using blood samples.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josef Tabery, M. Andrlíková, V. Bína, Adriena Hochmanová, E. Indrová, Monika Mizeráková, T. Páleník, Veronika Stařecká, Kateřina Švédová, S. Čech
The study aimed to determine the effect of the treatment by pegbovigrastim on the health of the mammary gland in dairy cows. Experimental animals were successively treated with 15 mg of pegylated bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (bG-CSF, pegbovigrastim, PEG, Imrestor, Elanco) 10 ± 3 days before expected parturition and 1 day after actual parturition. Cows in the control group remained without treatment. The occurrence of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows during the first three months postpartum, and bacteriological findings in milk and milk yield were evaluated after preventive pegbovigrastim treatment. The influence of pegbovigrastim, as an additional treatment of mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis in dairy cows on the standard course of treatment, was evaluated. The average number of antimicrobial (AML) interventions necessary for healing, the proportion of cows with 1, 2, 3 and more AML interventions, milk somatic cell count before treatment, 1 and 2 months after treatment and average milk withdrawal time were evaluated between groups. The results of the study did not find positive effects of pegbovigrastim on any evaluated variables.
{"title":"Evaluation of mammary gland health in dairy cows treated by pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor","authors":"Josef Tabery, M. Andrlíková, V. Bína, Adriena Hochmanová, E. Indrová, Monika Mizeráková, T. Páleník, Veronika Stařecká, Kateřina Švédová, S. Čech","doi":"10.2754/avb202392010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392010003","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to determine the effect of the treatment by pegbovigrastim on the health of the mammary gland in dairy cows. Experimental animals were successively treated with 15 mg of pegylated bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (bG-CSF, pegbovigrastim, PEG, Imrestor, Elanco) 10 ± 3 days before expected parturition and 1 day after actual parturition. Cows in the control group remained without treatment. The occurrence of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows during the first three months postpartum, and bacteriological findings in milk and milk yield were evaluated after preventive pegbovigrastim treatment. The influence of pegbovigrastim, as an additional treatment of mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis in dairy cows on the standard course of treatment, was evaluated. The average number of antimicrobial (AML) interventions necessary for healing, the proportion of cows with 1, 2, 3 and more AML interventions, milk somatic cell count before treatment, 1 and 2 months after treatment and average milk withdrawal time were evaluated between groups. The results of the study did not find positive effects of pegbovigrastim on any evaluated variables.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giedrė Vokietytė-Vilėniškė, Gabrielė Babarskaitė, Eglė Pakalniškytė, V. Žilaitis
Manual therapies, physiotherapy, and modalities are often used as a treatment and prophylactic method for preventing various injuries, as well as a rehabilitation tool in the post-operative, traumatic period for horses. Significant results have been achieved with these therapies: increased joint range of motion, tissue extensibility, and reduced pain and inflammation. This study evaluated the effect of osteopathic manual therapy (OMT) on the nervous and immune systems, as well as on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. To assess changes in these systems, non-invasive biomarkers were chosen: the heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), temperature (T), as well as objective measurements: blood serum cortisol (BSC) concentration and white blood cell (WBC) count. A total of 30 thoroughbred horses were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Blood samples and physiological indicator measurements such as HR, RR, T, BSC and WBC were taken before (p0), after (p1) and one hour after (p2) the OMT treatment for the experimental group. Analogical sequence was performed for the control group without OMT. A significant increase of BSC by 0.94 µg/dl after OMT suggest a direct influence on the HPA axis. Also, a substantial decrease of WBC by 0.57 × 109/l indicates the immune system’s response to the treatment. Moreover, an observed significant decrease in HR and RR shows that the autonomic nervous system was affected by activating the parasympathetic nervous system. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that OMT has an effect on the HPA axis and on the nervous and immune systems.
手工疗法、物理疗法和模式疗法经常被用作治疗和预防各种伤害的方法，也是马术后创伤期的康复工具。这些疗法已经取得了显著的效果:增加了关节活动范围，组织伸伸性，减轻了疼痛和炎症。本研究评估了骨疗法(OMT)对神经和免疫系统以及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的影响。为了评估这些系统的变化，选择了非侵入性生物标志物:心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、体温(T)，以及客观测量:血清皮质醇(BSC)浓度和白细胞(WBC)计数。选取30匹纯种马，随机分为实验组(n = 15)和对照组(n = 15)。实验组患者于治疗前(p0)、治疗后(p1)、治疗后1 h (p2)分别采血并测定HR、RR、T、BSC、WBC等生理指标。对照组不含OMT进行类似序列分析。OMT后BSC显著增加0.94µg/dl，提示对HPA轴有直接影响。此外，WBC大幅下降0.57 × 109/l表明免疫系统对治疗有反应。此外，观察到的HR和RR的显著下降表明自主神经系统受到激活副交感神经系统的影响。综上所述，OMT对HPA轴、神经系统和免疫系统均有影响。
{"title":"Effects of osteopathic manual therapy on the autonomic and immune systems and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in the horse","authors":"Giedrė Vokietytė-Vilėniškė, Gabrielė Babarskaitė, Eglė Pakalniškytė, V. Žilaitis","doi":"10.2754/avb202392010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392010027","url":null,"abstract":"Manual therapies, physiotherapy, and modalities are often used as a treatment and prophylactic method for preventing various injuries, as well as a rehabilitation tool in the post-operative, traumatic period for horses. Significant results have been achieved with these therapies: increased joint range of motion, tissue extensibility, and reduced pain and inflammation. This study evaluated the effect of osteopathic manual therapy (OMT) on the nervous and immune systems, as well as on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. To assess changes in these systems, non-invasive biomarkers were chosen: the heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), temperature (T), as well as objective measurements: blood serum cortisol (BSC) concentration and white blood cell (WBC) count. A total of 30 thoroughbred horses were randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Blood samples and physiological indicator measurements such as HR, RR, T, BSC and WBC were taken before (p0), after (p1) and one hour after (p2) the OMT treatment for the experimental group. Analogical sequence was performed for the control group without OMT. A significant increase of BSC by 0.94 µg/dl after OMT suggest a direct influence on the HPA axis. Also, a substantial decrease of WBC by 0.57 × 109/l indicates the immune system’s response to the treatment. Moreover, an observed significant decrease in HR and RR shows that the autonomic nervous system was affected by activating the parasympathetic nervous system. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that OMT has an effect on the HPA axis and on the nervous and immune systems.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
János Sáfár, P. Hejel, Barbara Vass-Bognár, L. Kiss, B. Seregi, L. Könyves
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multifactorial disease in which, in addition to infectious agents and the individual resistance of animals, technological, management and climatic factors also play a role. Outdoor rearing in small groups has many advantages in terms of BRDC prevention. Continuous real-time monitoring of environmental factors, such as the temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, bioaerosols and harmful gases can also help to prevent damage by BRDC. Low temperatures in combination with elevated relative humidity and windspeed can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Among noxious gases, ammonia may be of the greatest importance for respiratory diseases, as it directly damages the respiratory tract, leaving room and opening gate for pathogenic and opportunistic microbes. Bioaerosols of livestock buildings consist of feed, manure, organic matter from animals (e.g., epithelial cells, hair, urine, faeces), microorganisms, and toxins. Due to their size, particulate matter (PM) particles (PM10 and PM2.5) have important health effects, leading to severe respiratory and systemic diseases. Particulate matter formation and concentration depend on the housing and feeding conditions, species housed, stocking density, animal activity and environmental factors, but also on the sampling periods within a day. High temperature, low humidity, air movement (especially drafts), and increased activity of animals also cause the manure to dry, leading to dust formation and particles becoming airborne. With increased environmental control, the effects of the climatic factors on the calves health can be more easily identified, measures can be taken to reduce them, thus the occurrence and damage of possible diseases (mainly respiratory, BRDC) can be decreased.
{"title":"The impact of environmental factors on bovine respiratory disease complex in dairy calves - a review","authors":"János Sáfár, P. Hejel, Barbara Vass-Bognár, L. Kiss, B. Seregi, L. Könyves","doi":"10.2754/avb202392030213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392030213","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multifactorial disease in which, in addition to infectious agents and the individual resistance of animals, technological, management and climatic factors also play a role. Outdoor rearing in small groups has many advantages in terms of BRDC prevention. Continuous real-time monitoring of environmental factors, such as the temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, bioaerosols and harmful gases can also help to prevent damage by BRDC. Low temperatures in combination with elevated relative humidity and windspeed can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Among noxious gases, ammonia may be of the greatest importance for respiratory diseases, as it directly damages the respiratory tract, leaving room and opening gate for pathogenic and opportunistic microbes. Bioaerosols of livestock buildings consist of feed, manure, organic matter from animals (e.g., epithelial cells, hair, urine, faeces), microorganisms, and toxins. Due to their size, particulate matter (PM) particles (PM10 and PM2.5) have important health effects, leading to severe respiratory and systemic diseases. Particulate matter formation and concentration depend on the housing and feeding conditions, species housed, stocking density, animal activity and environmental factors, but also on the sampling periods within a day. High temperature, low humidity, air movement (especially drafts), and increased activity of animals also cause the manure to dry, leading to dust formation and particles becoming airborne. With increased environmental control, the effects of the climatic factors on the calves health can be more easily identified, measures can be taken to reduce them, thus the occurrence and damage of possible diseases (mainly respiratory, BRDC) can be decreased.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69209935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dolník, D. Mudroňová, G. Lazar, M. Kadáši, Ľ. Horňáková, P. Mudroň
The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of a single subcutaneous administration of selenium (Se) + vitamin E on the ejaculate volume, sperm count and viability, level of apoptosis and oxidative stress (OS) and Se concentration in ejaculates and blood of rams with respect to the time course of the spermatogenic cycle. The experimental group (EG; n = 6) was treated with a single injection of Selevit at a dose of 5 ml per animal (11 mg of sodium selenite and 125 mg of vitamin E/per animal). The control group (CG; n = 4) was treated in the same way, only with saline. Samples of blood and ejaculates were collected from each ram prior to application of Se and on the 1st, 14th, 26th, 38th, 50th and 62nd day after injection. Results showed that the Se concentration in the blood of EG was significantly higher only 24 h after application. Selenium concentration in the ejaculates of the EG was higher during the whole duration of the experiment (62 days), but significantly so only until day 14. The level of OS was significantly reduced on day 1, 14, and 62 after application of Selevit. There were no significant differences in the other analysed indicators. The results showed that one subcutaneous injection of Selevit had a positive effect on Se concentration and OS level in ejaculates, but was not sufficient to improve other monitored sperm quality indicators.
{"title":"The effect of a single dose of selenium with vitamin E on oxidative stress and fertilization indicators of ram sperm over the course of spermatogenesis","authors":"M. Dolník, D. Mudroňová, G. Lazar, M. Kadáši, Ľ. Horňáková, P. Mudroň","doi":"10.2754/avb202392030259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2754/avb202392030259","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of a single subcutaneous administration of selenium (Se) + vitamin E on the ejaculate volume, sperm count and viability, level of apoptosis and oxidative stress (OS) and Se concentration in ejaculates and blood of rams with respect to the time course of the spermatogenic cycle. The experimental group (EG; n = 6) was treated with a single injection of Selevit at a dose of 5 ml per animal (11 mg of sodium selenite and 125 mg of vitamin E/per animal). The control group (CG; n = 4) was treated in the same way, only with saline. Samples of blood and ejaculates were collected from each ram prior to application of Se and on the 1st, 14th, 26th, 38th, 50th and 62nd day after injection. Results showed that the Se concentration in the blood of EG was significantly higher only 24 h after application. Selenium concentration in the ejaculates of the EG was higher during the whole duration of the experiment (62 days), but significantly so only until day 14. The level of OS was significantly reduced on day 1, 14, and 62 after application of Selevit. There were no significant differences in the other analysed indicators. The results showed that one subcutaneous injection of Selevit had a positive effect on Se concentration and OS level in ejaculates, but was not sufficient to improve other monitored sperm quality indicators.","PeriodicalId":7192,"journal":{"name":"Acta Veterinaria Brno","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69210014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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