Optical and Quantum Electronics最新文献

The tunable band structure and the ability to convert ultraviolet light (UV) photons into measurable electrical signals without an external power supply make the nano-scale spinel structure of nickel cobaltite (NiCo₂O₄; SNC) an attractive ternary metal oxide semiconductor for use as a UV light photodetector (UPD). In this paper, the SNC was prepared using a simple, one-step hydrothermal method and characterized by various analytical techniques. I-V characteristics were comprehensively studied over a range of -5 to + 5 V to evaluate the dependence of the net current in an SNC-based UPD (UNC) on the variations in temperature, bias voltage, and power density (P_D) of 365 nm-UV light. It was found that the device exhibits diode-like characteristics with acceptable photoresponse behaviors. This device not only demonstrated a modified Richardson constant of 22.85 A.cm^− 2.K^− 2 but also exhibited a high contrast ratio and significant short-circuit current at 0 V, indicating its self-powered nature. The UNC exposed photoresponsivity of 0.88 A/W, detectivity of 10.75 × 10¹⁰ Jones, external quantum efficiency of 299.4%, and normalized Gain dynamic range of 419.9 W^− 1 at the P_D of 2.2 mW/cm². Moreover, it revealed a rise time of 3.6 s, and a high maximum photocurrent of 21.2 µA at P_D of 79.6 mW/cm². In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a substantial advancement in the design of a low-cost, self-powered, reliable, and long-term stable optoelectronic device with the ability to detect wide range of P_Ds for 365 nm-UV light.

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The propagation of optical solitons in negative-index materials (NIMs) is studied with second and third-order nonlinearities through the inhomogeneous higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation (IHNLSE). This research derives analytical soliton solutions using the trial equation method, yielding bright solitons, W-shaped solitons, and kink solitons. The stability and propagation properties of these solitons are analyzed across different conditions. Numerical simulations explore the collision dynamics of two bright soliton pulses, showing how they interact while preserving their integrity due to their robust nature. This characteristic is crucial for optical communication, allowing solitons to transmit information over long distances without distortion. The study also investigates modulational instability (MI) in a model with variable coefficients and identifies the parameter regimes under which small perturbations may grow. This instability is influenced by the variable coefficients, which add further complexity to the system. Overall, this study offers a thorough understanding of soliton propagation in NIMs, highlighting the role of higher-order nonlinearities and variable coefficients. The findings have potential applications in advanced photonic devices, nonlinear optics, and optical communication systems, where precise control over soliton dynamics is crucial.

This research proposes a quantum mechanical analog to the classical wavy inclined surface experiment. Our conceptual framework utilizes a multiple quantum well structure to engineer a corrugated potential landscape and an external electric field to establish a potential gradient, effectively mimicking the inclined surface. Gaussian wave packets are employed as quantum mechanical counterparts to classical particles, allowing for an investigation into their dynamics under these conditions, leveraging the wave-particle duality. The primary objective is to identify novel mechanisms for accelerating wave packet motion, drawing parallels to the classical phenomenon where a ball on a wavy inclined surface accelerates more effectively than on a flat one. We present a hypothetical experimental design corroborated by numerical simulations, which explore the behavior across three distinct multi-quantum well geometries, potentially fabricable from semiconducting materials. Our findings delineate specific scenarios where quantum and classical predictions exhibit both correspondence and significant divergence, providing insights into the nuanced interplay governing wave packet acceleration in engineered potential environments.

We investigate photon blockade (PB) in a two-level atom coupled to a single-mode Kerr nonlinear cavity. Kerr nonlinearity is modeled by incorporating an appropriate nonlinear function into the cavity field’s creation and annihilation operators. By applying classical driving fields to both atom and deformed cavity field, we analyze the generalized Jaynes–Cummings model in the dispersive regime. The atomic-driven system’s energy spectrum is analytically derived, and by defining a quantitative criterion for energy nonlinearity, we establish its direct relation to PB. Numerical analysis of photon statistics under both atom and cavity driving in the presence of dissipation reveals controllable PB through tuning the driving strengths and dispersive coupling. Our results demonstrate that the PB effect can be selectively realized at single-photon resonance frequencies by properly tuning the driving strengths, dispersive coupling, and the medium’s nonlinear parameter.

Perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have become a popular prospect in fabrication of next-generation solar cells due to its distinctive optoelectronic properties such as high photoluminescence quantum yields, size-tunable band gap and defect tolerance. These unique characteristics allows PQDs to amplify the absorption of light and enhance the charge transport in photovoltaic devices. This review provides an overview of recent developments in PQDs solar cell pivoting around their synthesis methods, optical and electronic properties and applications in solar cells conversion. Colloidal and ligand exchange synthesis approaches are discussed comprehensively in intention to understand the molecular phenomenon that contribute to the improvement of the PQDs-based solar cells performance. The mechanism behind their ability to precisely control over PQDs size and the state of it surface chemistry is discussed. The PQDs properties was discussed including their role as light absorbers and charges carrier transporters. This review included the challenges related to PQDs stability and scalability as solar cells based materials, along with the strategies to mitigate these issues. Future direction and advancement prospect in PQDs-based solar cells research is discussed emphasizing in way forwards for this technology in production of high efficiency, stable and scalable photovoltaic devices.

The demand for reliable gas detection technologies has intensified due to growing concerns over environmental monitoring and industrial safety. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), a non-polar inert gas widely used in industrial processes, requires rapid and sensitive detection. In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were fabricated via a sol–gel drop-casting approach and integrated onto D-shaped optical fibers for room-temperature CO₂ sensing across the visible wavelength range of 450–850 nm. The ZnO film thickness was controlled by repeated coatings, which improved film density and surface interaction, thereby enhancing the optical response. To further enhance plasmonic coupling and surface adsorption, a gold (Au) thin film was first deposited by e-beam evaporation and subsequently overcoated with ZnO, forming the Au–ZnO bilayer structure. To further strengthen plasmonic coupling and gas adsorption, a gold (Au) layer was incorporated to form Au–ZnO bilayer structures. Comparative analysis between ZnO-only and Au–ZnO-coated fibers revealed that the hybrid architecture significantly improved sensitivity and overall spectral response. The optimized Au: ZnO sensor achieved high linearity with R² values of 0.9771 at 550 nm (3 layers, sensitivity: 0.00009 Abs/ppm, FOM: 167) and 0.9917 at 750 nm (4 layers, sensitivity: 0.00006 Abs/ppm, FOM: 250), confirming improved sensitivity compared to ZnO alone. Overall, the study establishes Au–ZnO coated D-shaped optical fibers as a promising platform for compact, wavelength-tunable CO₂ sensing under ambient conditions, providing useful insights for future development of plasmonically enhanced gas sensors.

We present a novel theoretical model of a periodic metal gap metal system within the framework of dual-lengthscale quasiparticle excitations to investigate the surface lattice resonance (SLR) effect. By formulating a driven quantum pseudoforce system, we derive the resonance condition for localized electron excitations in the spillout region. Our analysis demonstrates that the dual-lengthscale character of plasmonic modes enables simultaneous coupling of the driving force to both localized surface plasmons and the surface lattice geometry. To capture this mechanism, we introduce a generalized double-driven pseudoforce model that facilitates hybrid resonance through indirect coupling between the lattice parameter and the driving wavenumber, mediated by gap plasmon excitations. Employing realistic parameters for a periodic array of gold nanoparticles, we explore the hybrid surface lattice resonance condition across a broad range of physical variables. The model predicts the emergence of two distinct resonant peaks: one corresponding to localized surface plasmon resonance at lower driving wavenumbers, and another associated with SLR at higher wavenumbers. In addition, we provide the Wigner distribution and dielectric response functions of gap electrons, offering further insight into the system’s phase-space and dielectric dynamics. This collective quantum approach establishes a comprehensive framework for elucidating the physical mechanisms underlying surface plasmon lattice resonance and its parametric dependence, thereby advancing the design of plasmonic and nano-optical devices with tailored resonance characteristics.

This paper presents a novel physics approach in the field of electromagnetic and electronics engineering, combining the principle of metamaterials that may exist naturally in semiconductor electronic devices with a parametric design and geometric optimization. By manipulating the geometric parameters of a simple transistor, diode, or resistor at the sub-wavelength scale, unexpected quantum localized oscillations (Plasmons) can be achieved for their charge carriers (i.e., electrons), which can be triggered by inputting electromagnetic or electronic signals at specific frequencies that match their natural resonance frequencies. The proper and precise control of these tunable sub-wavelength physical phenomena will lead to an emerging electronics discipline focusing on creating engineered electronics and integrated circuits with unprecedented functionalities beyond the limits of traditional electronics and integrated circuits. The applications of parametric geometric meta-electronics span a wide range of active tunable detectors and emitters across any frequency band. This meta-electronic physical approach enables an alternative room-temperature solution to the fundamental extreme cooling requirements of superconductors and quantum computers.

Hybrid heterojunction solar cells based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) and silicon (Si) have attracted considerable interest due to their potential for high efficiency, low-cost materials, and facile fabrication. However, their performance is often limited by suboptimal spectral management and interfacial recombination. In this study, we present an optimized dual-layer PEDOT: PSS (PH1000) architecture, incorporating ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) dopants in films with thicknesses of ≥ 110 nm and ≥ 60 nm, respectively. This bilayer configuration enhances light absorption, reduces Fresnel reflection, and improves charge extraction through tailored interfacial engineering. The resulting device demonstrates reduced Fresnel reflection, significant increase in V_oc and J_sc due to the customized PEDOT: PSS architecture owing to improved charge extraction and reduced recombination losses. The device with dual-layer PEDOT: PSS film exhibits a significantly higher V_oc of 604.8 mV and J_sc of 16.57 mA/cm² without any additional adaptations. Additionally, it has a fill factor of 61.03% with a 55.06% increase in PCE compared to that of a single-layer device. These findings underscore the effectiveness of dual-layer PEDOT: PSS structures in improving built-in potential and charge transport, offering a scalable pathway toward high-performance PEDOT: PSS/Si solar cells fabricated under ambient conditions. This study provides valuable insights into the effective employment of PEDOT: PSS hole transport layer to improve spectral management, enhance built-in potential and precise interface engineering strategies for refining charge transport across the device.