Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献_第2页

Self-help group participation, avoidance of nonalcoholic beer, and nonsmoking independently predict better drinking outcomes in Japanese alcohol-dependent men 自助小组参与、不喝不含酒精的啤酒和不吸烟独立预测了日本酒精依赖男性更好的饮酒结果。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70227

Akira Yokoyama, Mitsuru Kimura, Atsushi Yoshimura, Junichi Yoneda, Hitoshi Maesato, Yasunobu Komoto, Hideki Nakayama, Hiroshi Sakuma, Yosuke Yumoto, Tsuyoshi Takimura, Tomomi Toyama, Takeshi Mizukami, Tetsuji Yokoyama, Susumu Higuchi, Sachio Matsushita

Background

Relapse after inpatient treatment for alcohol dependence is a major barrier to recovery. This study evaluated one-year drinking outcomes and their associations with self-help group participation, nonalcoholic beer use, smoking after discharge, and other prognostic factors among Japanese men treated for alcohol dependence.

Methods

We conducted a prospective 12-month follow-up of 198 male patients who completed a three-month inpatient program in 2014. Drinking status, self-help participation, nonalcoholic beer consumption, and smoking after discharge were assessed by mailed questionnaires. Time to first drink, heavy-drinking lapse, and sustained relapse were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier estimates and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

One-year abstinence was higher among self-help participants (n = 51) than nonparticipants (n = 147) (52.7% vs. 36.8%, p = 0.019) and higher among nonusers (n = 143) than users of nonalcoholic beer (n = 55) (51.2% vs. 15.3%, p < 0.0001). In multivariate models, self-help participation reduced the risk of a drinking lapse (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31–0.82) and use of nonalcoholic beer increased the risk (HR 2.30, 95% CI 1.54–3.44). Smoking within one month after discharge, a family history of heavy or problem drinking, and use of psychiatric medication at discharge were also associated with higher hazards. Sensitivity analyses treating dropouts as lapses did not change the results. Heavy-drinking-free rates and sustained-relapse-free rates followed similar patterns. A dose–response pattern emerged: Having all three modifiable protective behaviors (self-help participation, no nonalcoholic beer, and nonsmoking) offered the strongest protection against lapse and relapse [drinking lapse HR 0.18 (95% CI 0.06–0.50); heavy-drinking lapse HR 0.13 (95% CI 0.04–0.48); sustained relapse HR 0.14 (95% CI 0.04–0.48)], two factors showed intermediate protection, and a single factor alone was not significant.

Conclusions

Strengthening self-help participation and smoking cessation support at discharge is recommended, and caution is warranted regarding nonalcoholic beer as a potential jeopardy to abstinence.

背景：酒精依赖住院治疗后复发是康复的主要障碍。本研究评估了日本酒精依赖治疗男性一年的饮酒结果及其与自助团体参与、非酒精啤酒使用、出院后吸烟和其他预后因素的关系。方法：我们对2014年完成三个月住院治疗的198名男性患者进行了为期12个月的前瞻性随访。出院后通过邮寄问卷对饮酒状况、自助参与、非酒精啤酒消费和吸烟情况进行评估。使用Kaplan-Meier估计和多变量Cox比例风险模型分析首次饮酒时间、重度饮酒间隔和持续复发。结果：自助参与者（n = 51）的一年戒断率高于非参与者（n = 147）（52.7%比36.8%,p = 0.019），非使用者（n = 143）的一年戒断率高于非酒精啤酒使用者（n = 55）(51.2%比15.3%，p结论：建议在出院时加强自助参与和戒烟支持，并应谨慎对待非酒精啤酒作为戒烟的潜在危险。

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引用次数: 0

Dual psychometric evaluation of measures assessing attitudes toward prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. 对产前酒精暴露和胎儿酒精谱系障碍态度的双重心理测量评估。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70239

Ruth H Brown, Stewart McDougall, Suzanne O'Rourke

Background: Uninformed attitudes toward prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) remain barriers in the assessment and diagnosis of affected individuals. While there is a growing need to evaluate the attitudes of professionals who work closely with pregnant individuals and those living with FASD, it is currently unknown whether existing psychometric tools, quantifying such attitudes, are reliable. The psychometric properties of two measures were therefore investigated: the "Alcohol and Pregnancy Measure" (capturing attitudes toward PAE) and the "Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding FASD Measure" (capturing attitudes toward FASD).

Methods: A total of 1797 healthcare workers, recruited largely from the National Health Service in Scotland, completed both psychometric measures as part of a nationwide survey of attitudes. Participants also completed novel measurements of their knowledge of FASD and their attitudes toward the health advice for pregnant women regarding alcohol use during pregnancy.

Results: Support for the psychometric validity of the two measures was partially observed. Both measures were found to have multifactor structures, instead of the hypothesised one-factor solutions. Such multifactor structures demonstrated goodness-of-fit in confirmatory factor analyses. Moreover, both measures showed convergent validity with both knowledge of FASD and attitudes toward current health advice regarding PAE. Both the measures' sensitivity to ceiling effects and poor subfactor internal consistencies, however, remain a concern.

Conclusion: Results indicate that both measures, when used at the total-scale level, can acceptably assess attitudes toward PAE and FASD. Revisions are required at the item-level to further improve subfactor internal consistency and minimize ceiling effect likelihood.

背景：对产前酒精暴露（PAE）和胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）的不知情态度仍然是影响个体评估和诊断的障碍。虽然越来越需要评估与孕妇和FASD患者密切合作的专业人员的态度，但目前尚不清楚现有的心理测量工具是否可靠，量化这些态度。因此，研究了两个测量的心理测量特性：“酒精和怀孕测量”（捕获对PAE的态度）和“关于FASD测量的知识和态度”（捕获对FASD的态度）。方法：共有1797名卫生保健工作者，主要从苏格兰国家卫生服务机构招募，完成了两项心理测量，作为全国态度调查的一部分。参与者还完成了他们对FASD知识的新测量，以及他们对孕妇在怀孕期间饮酒的健康建议的态度。结果：两种测量方法的心理效度得到部分支持。两种测量方法都被发现具有多因素结构，而不是假设的单因素解决方案。这种多因素结构在验证性因素分析中表现出拟合优度。此外，两种测量方法在FASD知识和对当前关于PAE的健康建议的态度上都显示出收敛效度。然而，这些措施对上限效应的敏感性和子因素内部一致性差仍然令人担忧。结论：结果表明，当在总量表水平上使用这两种测量方法时，可以接受地评估对PAE和FASD的态度。需要在项目级别上进行修订，以进一步改善子因素内部一致性并尽量减少天花板效应的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Oscillatory and behavioral indices of cognitive control dysregulation in young adult binge drinkers are influenced by sex differences. 青年酗酒者认知控制失调的振荡和行为指标受性别差异的影响。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70252

Vanessa F U Thomas, Stephen M Cruz, Siyuan Huang, Ksenija Marinkovic

Background: Binge drinking, defined as episodic alcohol intake reaching intoxication, is prevalent among young adults and linked to impaired cognitive control and risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Even though executive deficits contribute to addiction, evidence on their alterations in young adult binge drinkers (BDs) as a function of biological sex remains limited. This study examined cognitive and motor aspects of decision making as reflected in event-related theta and beta oscillations, respectively. The executive neurobehavioral markers were analyzed in conjunction with alcohol-related and other self-reported variables and cognitive functions in BDs versus light drinkers (LDs) of both sexes.

Methods: Sixty-eight participants (34 BDs, 34 LDs, 50% women) completed a modified Stroop task. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals were analyzed in the time-frequency domain with Morlet wavelets. Behavioral performance and event-related theta (4-7 Hz) and beta (15-25 Hz) power were compared across levels of conflict, drinking groups, and sex.

Results: BDs exhibited longer reaction times on high-conflict trials, reflecting compensatory slowing during cognitive interference. Lower conflict-induced theta power in BDs than in LDs was evident primarily among women. It was associated with greater alcohol intake and it mediated the impact of binge drinking on degraded task performance among BD women. In contrast, event-related beta desynchronization during response preparation was attenuated and delayed only in BD men, which was partially mediated by impulsivity.

Conclusions: The observed links between binge drinking and dysregulated cognitive and motor control processes were interpreted in regard to sex-specific neural alterations. Weaker engagement of cognitive control in BD women may be reflected in an impaired capacity to optimize decisions in challenging situations. Beta decrease during response preparation was especially attenuated in more impulsive BD men, which may contribute to their inability to refrain from risky behaviors. These findings highlight the need to consider biological sex in alcohol-related neurocognitive research.

背景：酗酒，定义为间歇性酒精摄入达到中毒，在年轻人中普遍存在，并与认知控制受损和酒精使用障碍（AUD）风险相关。尽管执行力缺陷会导致酒瘾，但有关年轻酗酒者（bd）的执行力缺陷因生理性别而改变的证据仍然有限。这项研究考察了决策的认知和运动方面，分别反映在与事件相关的θ和β振荡中。执行神经行为标记与酒精相关和其他自我报告的变量和认知功能一起分析了男女轻度饮酒者（LDs）的执行神经行为标记。方法：68名参与者（男性34名，女性34名，女性50%）完成了修改后的Stroop任务。利用Morlet小波对脑电图信号进行时频分析。行为表现和与事件相关的θ波（4-7赫兹）和β波（15-25赫兹）功率在冲突水平、饮酒组和性别之间进行了比较。结果：bd在高冲突试验中表现出较长的反应时间，反映了认知干扰时的代偿性减慢。冲突诱发的θ波功率在bd中明显低于ld，这主要体现在女性中。它与更多的酒精摄入有关，并介导了酗酒对双相障碍女性任务表现下降的影响。相比之下，只有BD男性在反应准备过程中，事件相关的β去同步被减弱和延迟，这部分是由冲动性介导的。结论：观察到的酗酒和失调的认知和运动控制过程之间的联系被解释为关于性别特异性神经改变。双相障碍女性的认知控制能力较弱，这可能反映在在具有挑战性的情况下优化决策的能力受损。在反应准备期间，β降低在更冲动的BD男性中尤其减弱，这可能有助于他们无法避免危险行为。这些发现强调了在酒精相关的神经认知研究中考虑生理性别的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

An examination of child outcomes and predictors of severity when prenatal alcohol exposure is frequent and heavy 当产前酒精暴露频繁和严重时，检查儿童结局和严重程度的预测因素。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70228

Philip A. May, Julie M. Hasken, Anna-Susan Marais, Marlene M. De Vries, Wendy O. Kalberg, David Buckley, Omar Abdul-Rahman, Margaret P. Adam, Luther K. Robinson, Melanie A. Manning, Charles D. H. Parry, Soraya Seedat, H. Eugene Hoyme

Background

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) results in a range of adverse outcomes in children. This study examines predictive factors relating to child outcomes from pregnancies characterized by PAE.

Methods

Data originated from seven cross-sectional, population-based, in-school studies of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in South Africa. Data analysis was limited to mothers who reported consuming five or more drinks per drinking day (DDD) and three or more drinking days per week (DDW) during two or more trimesters of pregnancy.

Results

Of 225 mother/child dyads, 53.3% of children had fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS); 16.9% partial FAS (PFAS); 17.3% alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND); and 12.4% “not FASD.” Child growth and dysmorphology measures varied significantly among diagnostic groups: height, weight, head circumference, body mass index (BMI), palpebral fissure length, smooth philtrum, narrow vermilion border of the upper lip, total dysmorphology, and nonverbal and verbal IQ. Predictors of child outcomes were explored for an FASD diagnosis, FAS only, and total dysmorphology score. Children with FAS and ARND generally performed most poorly. Mothers of children with FAS drank more DDD in second and third trimesters and more DDW in third trimester than other mothers. Significant, distal, negative influences were as follows: low maternal weight, older age at pregnancy, and fewer years of formal education. Regression models, with DDD and DDW in third trimester as predictors, indicated that all FASD diagnoses were associated with lower maternal BMI (OR = 0.896, p = 0.022) and higher DDW (OR = 1.807, p = 0.020), but not DDD. When DDW was excluded from the model, DDD in third trimester was associated with an FAS (the most severe) diagnosis (OR = 1.082, p = 0.047).

Conclusion

Higher maternal body weight and a BMI between 25 and 29 appear to be protective for the offspring. Long-term adequate nutrition and less alcohol consumption in the third trimester may protect highly exposed children from the most severe and negative outcomes.

背景：产前酒精暴露（PAE）可导致儿童一系列不良结局。本研究探讨了以PAE为特征的妊娠与儿童结局相关的预测因素。方法：数据来源于南非七个以人群为基础的胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）的横断面在校研究。数据分析仅限于报告在怀孕两个或更长三个月期间每天饮酒5次或更多，每周饮酒3次或更多的母亲。结果：225对母子中，53.3%的患儿发生胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）；部分FAS （PFAS）占16.9%；17.3%为酒精相关神经发育障碍（ARND）；12.4%的人“不是FASD”。儿童生长和畸形测量在诊断组之间有显著差异：身高、体重、头围、体重指数（BMI）、睑裂长度、平滑中唇、上唇窄朱红色边界、总体畸形、非言语和言语智商。对儿童预后的预测因素进行了探讨，包括FASD诊断、仅FAS诊断和总畸形评分。患有FAS和ARND的儿童通常表现最差。与其他母亲相比，患有FAS儿童的母亲在妊娠中期和晚期喝了更多的DDD，在妊娠晚期喝了更多的DDW。显著的、远端的负面影响如下：母亲体重过轻、怀孕年龄较大、受正规教育年限较短。以妊娠晚期DDD和DDW为预测因子的回归模型显示，所有FASD诊断与母亲较低的BMI （OR = 0.896, p = 0.022）和较高的DDW （OR = 1.807, p = 0.020）相关，但与DDD无关。当排除DDW时，妊娠晚期DDD与FAS（最严重）诊断相关（OR = 1.082, p = 0.047）。结论：较高的母亲体重和BMI在25到29之间似乎对后代有保护作用。在妊娠晚期长期充足的营养和较少的饮酒可以保护高度暴露的儿童免受最严重和负面的后果。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative multi-omics in female mice reveals tissue-specific vulnerabilities to chronic alcohol intake 雌性小鼠的比较多组学揭示了慢性酒精摄入的组织特异性脆弱性。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70240

Craig R. G. Willis, Muni Swamy Ganjayi, Austin M. Brown, Samantha E. Moser, Nathaniel J. Szewczyk, Brian C. Clark, Cory W. Baumann

Background

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and alcohol-related myopathy are consequences of chronic alcohol use. However, understanding of the associated molecular mechanisms and effective treatments remains limited.

Methods

Multi-omics were employed to uncover molecular blueprints of liver versus skeletal muscle responses to chronic alcohol exposure, using a preclinical mouse model showing signs of alcohol-related liver dysregulation (diminished liver phosphatidylcholine-to-phosphatidylethanolamine lipid ratio) and alcohol-related myopathy (reduced muscle mass and strength).

Results

A greater proportion of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic features were altered by alcohol in liver than muscle, whereas similar proportions of lipid species were affected in both tissues. The liver was significantly enriched for a broad and diverse set of metabolic pathways across molecular layers, while muscle was associated with upregulated inflammatory and matrisome responses and impaired mitochondrial energetics. Lipidome analyses also revealed a novel potential role for altered phospholipid remodeling in the etiology of alcohol-related myopathy. Finally, computational drug repurposing identified several compounds for therapeutic targeting of alcohol-induced liver (e.g., saracatinib, GSK126) and muscle (e.g., metformin, trichostatin A) pathophysiology.

Conclusions

Overall, this study provides a list of therapeutic targets and treatments to help expedite the understanding of and countermeasures against ALD and myopathy in humans.

背景：酒精相关性肝病（ALD）和酒精相关性肌病是慢性酒精使用的后果。然而，对相关分子机制和有效治疗的了解仍然有限。方法：采用多组学方法揭示肝脏与骨骼肌对慢性酒精暴露反应的分子蓝图，使用临床前小鼠模型显示酒精相关肝脏失调（肝脏磷脂酰胆碱与磷脂酰乙醇胺脂质比例降低）和酒精相关肌病（肌肉质量和力量减少）的迹象。结果：酒精在肝脏中比在肌肉中改变了更大比例的转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学特征，而在这两个组织中受到影响的脂质种类的比例相似。肝脏在分子层上丰富了广泛而多样的代谢途径，而肌肉则与炎症和基质反应上调以及线粒体能量代谢受损有关。脂质组分析也揭示了改变的磷脂重塑在酒精相关肌病病因学中的一个新的潜在作用。最后，计算药物再利用确定了几种用于治疗酒精诱导的肝脏（例如，saracatinib, GSK126）和肌肉（例如，二甲双胍，trichostatin A）病理生理的化合物。结论：总的来说，本研究提供了一系列治疗靶点和治疗方法，有助于加快对人类ALD和肌病的理解和对策。

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引用次数: 0

Longitudinal associations between PTSD symptom clusters and domains of hazardous drinking among a cohort of United States Army Reserve and National Guard soldiers 美国陆军预备役和国民警卫队士兵PTSD症状群与危险饮酒领域的纵向关联

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70211

Rachel A. Hoopsick, Malaiikha McCormick-Cisse, D. Lynn Homish, Gregory G. Homish

Background

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and hazardous drinking remain significant problems in military-connected populations. Prior research suggests that specific PTSD symptom clusters may relate differently to hazardous drinking behaviors, but longitudinal data are limited, especially among reservists.

Methods

Using a subset of data (N = 485 US Army Reserve/National Guard soldiers) from the Operation: SAFETY study, we examined the longitudinal associations between PTSD symptom clusters (re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, hyperarousal) and domains of hazardous drinking (consumption, dependence, alcohol-related problems) measured by the AUDIT. We used generalized estimating equation models adjusting for anxiety and depression, and interactions with biological sex were tested.

Results

Controlling for the effects of time and anxiety and depression symptomatology, re-experiencing symptoms were not associated with any domains of hazardous drinking (ps >0.05). Greater avoidance symptoms (p < 0.001) and negative cognitions and mood (p < 0.05) were both associated with greater alcohol-related problems over time. Greater symptoms of hyperarousal were associated with greater consumption (p < 0.05) and alcohol-related problems (p < 0.01). No symptom clusters were associated with dependence (ps >0.05). There was a significant interaction between symptoms of hyperarousal and sex on alcohol-related problems (p < 0.01), such that greater symptoms of hyperarousal were associated with greater alcohol-related problems over time among male soldiers, but not female soldiers.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that specific PTSD symptom clusters, rather than overall severity, may influence hazardous drinking. These effects primarily manifest in consumption behaviors and alcohol-related problems, with greater risk observed among male soldiers experiencing hyperarousal features of PTSD.

背景：在与军队有关的人群中，创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和危险饮酒仍然是重要的问题。先前的研究表明，特定的创伤后应激障碍症状群可能与危险饮酒行为有不同的关系，但纵向数据有限，特别是在预备役人员中。方法：使用来自Operation: SAFETY研究的数据子集（N = 485名美国陆军预备役/国民警卫队士兵），我们检查了PTSD症状集群（再体验、回避、负面认知和情绪、过度觉醒）与审计测量的危险饮酒领域（消费、依赖、酒精相关问题）之间的纵向关联。我们使用广义估计方程模型调整焦虑和抑郁，并测试与生物性别的相互作用。结果：控制时间、焦虑和抑郁症状的影响，再经历症状与危险饮酒的任何领域均无相关性（ps >0.05）。更大的回避症状（p 0.05）。在酒精相关问题上，过度觉醒症状和性行为之间存在显著的相互作用(p)。结论：研究结果表明，特定的PTSD症状群，而不是整体的严重程度，可能影响有害饮酒。这些影响主要表现在消费行为和与酒精有关的问题上，在经历PTSD的高唤醒特征的男性士兵中观察到更大的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Noncompliance with laws to prevent polysubstance misuse: Recreational cannabis sales to apparently alcohol-intoxicated customers 不遵守防止滥用多种物质的法律：向明显喝醉酒的顾客销售娱乐性大麻。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70204

W. Gill Woodall, David B. Buller, Robert Saltz, James C. Fell, Lila Martinez, Amanda N. Brice, Noah Chirico, Gary R. Cutter

Background

Effectiveness of statutes to combat hazardous polysubstance use has rarely been evaluated. Compliance with a state law prohibiting recreational cannabis sales to apparently intoxicated customers was assessed in one of the first states to legalize cannabis sales.

Methods

In January to June 2024, pseudo-patrons twice visited recreational cannabis stores (n = 189) in two large metropolitan areas and attempted to purchase cannabis while displaying alcohol intoxication behaviors. Observers recorded whether sellers were willing to sell the product along with characteristics of the stores (busyness, cleanliness, and signage) and cannabis sellers (sex, race and ethnicity, and age). Neighborhood characteristics by US census tract were obtained (income, race, and ethnicity; population density). Sex and race and ethnicity of the pseudo-patrons, and extent and type of intoxication cues, were recorded. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to describe the sales rate and predictors of the sales rate.

Results

Assessments were completed at 173 stores. Sellers were willing to sell cannabis to pseudo-intoxicated buyers at 255 of 346 visits (73.7%; 26.3% refused). Sellers refused buyers at both visits in 6.9% of stores but in 54.3% were willing to sell at both visits. Sellers refused cannabis sales at higher rates in stores with signs saying, “no sales to intoxicated customers” (34.3%, p = 0.04), particularly when buyers displayed more obvious signs of intoxication (39.8%, p = 0.049).

Conclusions

Low compliance with the state regulation possibly occurred because sellers were unaware of the law, perceived little deterrence, or lacked the skills to recognize and refuse intoxicated customers.

Policy Implications

Noncompliance with the law on selling cannabis to apparently alcohol-intoxicated customers increases the risks of polysubstance impairment and harm.

背景：打击有害多物质使用的法规的有效性很少得到评价。在第一个将大麻销售合法化的州之一，对禁止向明显醉酒的顾客销售娱乐性大麻的州法律的遵守情况进行了评估。方法：2024年1 - 6月，伪顾客在两个大都市地区的休闲大麻商店（n = 189）两次尝试购买大麻，并表现出酒精中毒行为。观察人员记录了卖家是否愿意出售产品，以及商店的特征（繁忙程度、清洁度和标识）和大麻卖家的特征（性别、种族、民族和年龄）。获得美国人口普查区的邻里特征（收入、种族、民族、人口密度）。伪顾客的性别、种族和民族，以及醉酒线索的程度和类型，都被记录下来。使用描述性统计和逻辑回归来描述销售率和销售率的预测因子。结果：173家门店完成了评估。在346次访问中，有255次卖家愿意向假醉酒的买家出售大麻（73.7%；26.3%拒绝）。6.9%的卖家拒绝了买家的两次访问，但有54.3%的卖家愿意在两次访问中出售。在标有“不向醉酒的顾客销售”的商店里，卖家拒绝销售大麻的比例更高（34.3%,p = 0.04），尤其是当买家表现出更明显的醉酒迹象时（39.8%,p = 0.049）。结论：不遵守国家法规可能是因为销售者不了解法律，感觉不到什么威慑力，或者缺乏识别和拒绝醉酒顾客的技能。政策影响：不遵守关于向明显喝醉酒的顾客出售大麻的法律，增加了多种物质损害和伤害的风险。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of alcohol on prehospital diagnostics and therapy of injured patients 酒精对受伤患者院前诊断和治疗的影响。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70209

Ramona Sturm, Jason-Alexander Hörauf, Rolf Lefering, Borna Relja, Ingo Marzi, Nils Wagner, The TraumaRegister DGU

Background

The prehospital assessment and subsequent therapeutic interventions are crucial for the optimal management of severely injured patients. Many trauma patients are alcohol-intoxicated. Therefore, this study investigated the prehospital assessment of the injury pattern and management of alcohol-intoxicated patients.

Methods

In a retrospective matched-pair analysis of TraumaRegister DGU® data patients from 2015 to 2018 with a blood alcohol level (BAL+) > 1.0‰ and without a blood alcohol level (BAL−: 0.0‰) were investigated, matched by age, gender, injured region, and mechanism. We evaluated injury assessment, prehospital therapy, and transport modalities.

Results

A total of 6468 patients (3234 BAL−, 3234 BAL+) were included. Head injuries were common (56.9%), but BAL+ patients were significantly less often correctly assessed with regard to head (BAL−: 77.8% vs. BAL+: 74.2%) and facial (BAL−: 75.4% vs. BAL+: 70.0%, p < 0.001) injuries. Head and facial injuries were significantly more often improperly overdiagnosed in alcohol-intoxicated patients (head: BAL−: 13.9% vs. BAL+: 21.4%, p < 0.05; face: BAL−: 19.8% vs. BAL+: 24.3%, p < 0.001), and the diagnosis of actual head injuries was underdiagnosed significantly more often in patients with BAL+. Alcohol-intoxicated patients were sedated (BAL−: 64.9% vs. BAL+: 55.6%, p < 0.001) and intubated (BAL−: 39.0% vs. BAL+: 28.3%, p < 0.001) significantly less often and received significantly less fluid therapy (BAL−: 92.6% vs. BAL+: 90.3%, p < 0.001), catecholamines (BAL−: 12.7% vs. BAL+: 8.5%, p < 0.001), or tranexamic acid (BAL−: 10.3% vs. BAL+: 6.3%, p < 0.001). Admission of alcohol-intoxicated patients to hospital was significantly more frequent at weekends and at night, and more frequent in regional and local trauma centers than in supraregional trauma centers.

Conclusions

There were significant differences in the prehospital assessment of head injuries between alcohol-intoxicated and nonalcohol-intoxicated patients. Alcohol-intoxicated patients were significantly less often correctly assessed, and alcohol-intoxicated patients received fewer prehospital therapeutic interventions.

背景：院前评估和随后的治疗干预对重症损伤患者的最佳管理至关重要。许多创伤病人都是酒精中毒。因此，本研究探讨了酒精中毒患者的院前损伤模式评估和处理。方法：对2015 - 2018年创伤登记DGU®数据进行回顾性配对分析，对血液酒精水平（BAL+）为bbb1.0‰和未血液酒精水平（BAL-: 0.0‰）的患者进行配对，按年龄、性别、损伤部位和机制进行配对。我们评估了损伤评估、院前治疗和运输方式。结果：共纳入6468例患者（BAL- 3234例，BAL+ 3234例）。头部损伤是常见的（56.9%），但BAL+患者在头部（BAL-: 77.8% vs. BAL+: 74.2%）和面部（BAL-: 75.4% vs. BAL+: 70.0%）和面部损伤方面的正确评估明显较低，p结论：酒精中毒和非酒精中毒患者在院前对头部损伤的评估有显著差异。酒精中毒患者被正确评估的频率显著降低，酒精中毒患者接受院前治疗干预的次数也较少。

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引用次数: 0

Behavioral profile predicts ethanol preference in adolescent mice, but not in adults: A machine learning approach 行为特征预测了青春期小鼠对乙醇的偏好，但在成年小鼠中却无法预测：一种机器学习方法。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70203

Liana C. L. Portugal, Bruno da Silva Gonçalves, Emily de Assis Fagundes, Maria Fernandes Freire de Sá, Cláudio Carneiro Filgueiras, Ana Carolina Dutra-Tavares, Alex C. Manhães, Yael Abreu-Villaça, Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho

Background

Clinical studies suggest that adolescents display a complex behavioral profile characterized by traits that increase their susceptibility to alcohol experimentation and impaired control over use. In the present study, we applied a machine learning model to predict the impact of diverse behavioral phenotypes on ethanol preference during adolescence and adulthood in mice.

Methods

C57BL/6 and Swiss mice were assigned to one of two age groups: adolescents (starting at PN40) or adults (starting at PN120). Over the next 3 days, novelty-seeking, anxiety-like behavior, sociability, coping behavior, and natural reward response were evaluated using the following behavioral tests: hole-board, elevated plus maze, three-chamber sociability, forced swimming, and sucrose preference, respectively. During the subsequent 5 days, alcohol preference behavior was assessed using the two-bottle choice paradigm (10% ethanol). We trained machine learning regression models to predict alcohol preference in each age group.

Results

The analysis model significantly predicted ethanol preference based on behavioral phenotypic profiles in mice during adolescence, but not in adulthood. Notably, the behavioral traits that contributed most to the prediction were sucrose preference and sociability time. Sucrose preference had a positive predictive value. Distinctively, sociability time had a negative predictive value, indicating an inverse relationship with ethanol preference.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that behavioral phenotypes during adolescence, particularly natural reward sensitivity and sociability, are key predictors of ethanol preference. The negative association between sociability and alcohol intake highlights the potential protective role of social interaction. The absence of predictive value in adulthood underscores adolescence as a critical developmental window during which behavioral traits may influence vulnerability to alcohol use.

背景：临床研究表明，青少年表现出复杂的行为特征，其特征增加了他们对酒精实验的易感性和对使用的控制受损。在本研究中，我们应用机器学习模型来预测小鼠青春期和成年期不同行为表型对乙醇偏好的影响。方法：C57BL/6和瑞士小鼠被分为两个年龄组：青少年（PN40开始）或成年（PN120开始）。在接下来的3天里，分别使用以下行为测试来评估寻求新奇、焦虑样行为、社交能力、应对行为和自然奖励反应：洞板、高架加迷宫、三室社交能力、强迫游泳和蔗糖偏好。在随后的5天内，使用两瓶选择范式（10%乙醇）评估酒精偏好行为。我们训练机器学习回归模型来预测每个年龄组的酒精偏好。结果：该分析模型可以根据小鼠在青春期的行为表型谱预测乙醇偏好，但在成年期则不能。值得注意的是，对预测贡献最大的行为特征是蔗糖偏好和社交时间。蔗糖偏好具有正向预测价值。值得注意的是，社交时间具有负的预测值，表明酒精偏好与社交时间呈负相关。结论：这些发现表明，青少年时期的行为表型，特别是自然奖励敏感性和社交能力，是乙醇偏好的关键预测因素。社交能力与饮酒之间的负相关关系凸显了社交互动的潜在保护作用。在成年期缺乏预测价值强调了青春期是一个关键的发育窗口，在此期间行为特征可能影响对酒精使用的脆弱性。

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引用次数: 0

Ethanol effects on excitability of corticotropin-releasing factor-expressing neurons in the medial subdivision of the mouse central amygdala nucleus 乙醇对小鼠中央杏仁核内侧分区促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子表达神经元兴奋性的影响。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70234

Qiang Li, Rebecca Klein, Scott D. Moore

Background

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the medial subdivision of the central amygdala (CeM) are a distinct subpopulation of neurons in a critical brain region modulating ethanol actions. Previous studies have demonstrated enhanced release of GABA and neuropeptides in this brain region in response to acute ethanol exposure.

Methods

We performed whole-cell patch clamp recordings on identified CRF-containing neurons (CeM^CRF) in the CeM and measured intrinsic measures of excitability in response to acute ethanol exposure.

Results

We found that CeM^CRF neurons are highly sensitive to actions of acute ethanol exposure, which suppresses neuronal excitability in a dose-dependent manner and shortens spike duration of the CeM^CRF neurons during repetitive firing. Ethanol's inhibitory effect on neuronal excitability persists even in synaptically isolated CeM^CRF neurons, an indication of a direct action on the intrinsic membrane properties that underlie excitability.

Conclusions

Our results reveal that ethanol selectively alters intrinsic firing mechanisms of CeM^CRF neurons at low dose but broadly suppresses excitability at a higher dose. These findings provide new insight into how alcohol modulates intrinsic membrane properties of these CeM^CRF neurons within stress-related amygdala circuits.

背景：中央杏仁核（CeM）内侧分支的促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）神经元是调节乙醇作用的关键脑区中一个独特的神经元亚群。先前的研究表明，在急性乙醇暴露下，该脑区GABA和神经肽的释放增强。方法：我们对CeM中已识别的含有crf的神经元（CeMCRF）进行了全细胞膜片钳记录，并测量了急性乙醇暴露反应的内在兴奋性。结果：我们发现CeMCRF神经元对急性乙醇暴露的行为高度敏感，乙醇以剂量依赖的方式抑制神经元的兴奋性，并缩短CeMCRF神经元在重复放电时的峰值持续时间。即使在突触分离的CeMCRF神经元中，乙醇对神经元兴奋性的抑制作用仍然存在，这表明乙醇对兴奋性基础的内在膜特性有直接作用。结论：我们的研究结果表明，乙醇在低剂量下选择性地改变CeMCRF神经元的内在放电机制，但在高剂量下广泛抑制兴奋性。这些发现为酒精如何调节应激相关杏仁核回路中这些CeMCRF神经元的内在膜特性提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0