Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献_第10页

Psychological processes and alcohol reduction in patients with chronic hepatitis C: Results from the HepART trial 慢性丙型肝炎患者的心理过程与减少饮酒：HepART 试验的结果。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15400

Donna M. Evon, Jia Yao, Catherine Zimmer, Andrew J. Muir, Christian S. Hendershot, Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell

Background

There is a lack of randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions and process-level research related to alcohol reduction among patients with chronic liver disease (e.g., hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection). We conducted a process-level, secondary analysis of the Hepatitis C-Alcohol Reduction Treatment (HepART) trial to investigate the association between change in psychological processes posited by the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) and change in World Health Organization (WHO) drinking risk levels.

Methods

Patients with HCV who consume alcohol were recruited from hepatology clinics and received provider-delivered SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment) or SBIRT+ 6 months of co-located alcohol counseling. Treatment arms were combined for this analysis because no between-group differences were found. At baseline and 6 months, the timeline followback method was used to determine alcohol risk levels according to the 2000 WHO risk categories (based on average grams of alcohol per day). Changes in alcohol consumption and WHO risk levels were quantified and regressed on change in individual psychological processes (e.g., readiness, self-efficacy, motives, attitudes, and strategies) from baseline to 6 months.

Results

At the baseline assessment, 162 participants were classified as abstinent (5%), low (47%), moderate (16%), high (19%), or very high (13%) WHO risk levels. At 6 months, 38% remained at the same risk level and 48% decreased by at least one level. In univariate analyses, changes in 7 of 12 psychological processes were associated with change in risk levels. Adjusted multivariate analyses demonstrated that change in four processes were significantly associated with change in risk levels, including SOCRATES Taking Steps, Ambivalence, and Recognition scores and alcohol reduction strategies.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate significant reductions in quantitative indices of alcohol consumption following opportunistic alcohol interventions in patients with HCV. However, results provided mixed support for associations between change in IBM psychological processes and alcohol consumption.

背景：目前缺乏与慢性肝病（如丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染）患者减酒相关的行为干预随机对照试验和过程层面的研究。我们对丙型肝炎-酒精减少治疗（HepART）试验进行了过程层面的二次分析，以研究综合行为模型（IBM）假设的心理过程变化与世界卫生组织（WHO）饮酒风险水平变化之间的关联：方法：从肝病诊所招募饮酒的 HCV 患者，让他们接受由医疗服务提供者提供的 SBIRT（筛查、简单干预、转介治疗）或 SBIRT+ 6 个月的同地酒精咨询。由于未发现组间差异，因此本分析合并了治疗组。在基线和 6 个月时，根据 2000 年世界卫生组织的风险类别（基于每天平均饮酒克数），采用时间轴回溯法确定酒精风险水平。从基线到 6 个月期间，酒精消耗量和世卫组织风险水平的变化被量化，并与个人心理过程（如准备程度、自我效能、动机、态度和策略）的变化进行回归：在基线评估中，162 名参与者被划分为禁欲（5%）、低度（47%）、中度（16%）、高度（19%）或极高度（13%）世卫组织风险水平。6 个月后，38% 的参与者风险水平保持不变，48% 的参与者风险水平至少降低了一个等级。在单变量分析中，12 个心理过程中有 7 个过程的变化与风险水平的变化有关。调整后的多变量分析表明，四个过程的变化与风险水平的变化有显著相关性，包括 SOCRATES 采取步骤、矛盾心理和认识评分以及减少饮酒策略：这些研究结果表明，在对丙型肝炎病毒感染者进行机会性酒精干预后，酒精消耗量的定量指标明显降低。然而，结果对 IBM 心理过程的变化与饮酒量之间的关联提供了不同的支持。

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引用次数: 0

Social episodic memory in severe alcohol use disorder: Positive encoding bias and negative bias in accessibility of interpersonal information 严重酒精使用障碍患者的社交记忆：在获取人际信息方面的积极编码偏差和消极偏差。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15344

Arthur Pabst, Arnaud d'Argembeau, Xavier de Longueville, Philippe de Timary, Pierre Maurage

Background

Alterations in higher-order social cognition are well documented in individuals with severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD). However, the basic mechanisms underpinning them are not well understood. This knowledge gap hampers the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Here, we investigated whether individuals with SAUD show abnormalities in social episodic memory processes, which may represent relevant candidate mechanisms for alterations in social cognition.

Methods

Recently detoxified patients with SAUD and matched healthy controls (HCs) completed two experimental tasks. We first used a Social Recognition Task in 40 SAUD patients and 40 HCs to measure the participants' ability to implicitly memorize the facial identity and emotion of novel interpersonal cues (i.e., dynamic facial expressions of anger and happiness). We then used a Social Memory Accessibility Task in 29 SAUD patients and 30 HCs) to measure participants' access to and fluency for already existing social memories by asking them to retrieve as many specific positive and negative interpersonal events as possible within equal time limits.

Results

In the Social Recognition Task, we found that, compared to HCs, patients with SAUD had a globally lower recognition performance for the facial identities of novel social stimuli, but a preserved bias toward positive information. Conversely, in the social memory accessibility task, patients showed greater access to and fluency for negative interpersonal memories than controls (no group differences were observed for positive ones), resulting in a negative accessibility bias.

Conclusions

This exploration of episodic social memory in individuals with SAUD showed (1) a preserved bias for the encoding of positive versus negative novel social information, and (2) greater access to negative than positive interpersonal memories. These results enhance our understanding of socio-affective processing in individuals with SAUD and identify social memory alterations that may contribute to social cognition and interpersonal difficulties.

背景：严重酒精使用障碍（SAUD）患者的高阶社会认知发生了改变，这一点已得到充分证实。然而，人们对其基本机制还不甚了解。这一知识空白阻碍了有针对性的治疗干预措施的开发。在此，我们研究了 SAUD 患者是否在社会记忆过程中表现出异常，这可能代表了社会认知改变的相关候选机制：最近戒毒的 SAUD 患者和匹配的健康对照组（HCs）完成了两项实验任务。我们首先在40名SAUD患者和40名健康对照者中使用社交识别任务来测量参与者内隐记忆新颖人际线索（即愤怒和快乐的动态面部表情）的面部身份和情绪的能力。然后，我们在29名SAUD患者和30名HC患者中使用了社交记忆可及性任务（Social Memory Accessibility Task）来测量参与者对已有社交记忆的可及性和流畅性，要求他们在相同的时间限制内尽可能多地检索特定的积极和消极人际事件：在社会识别任务中，我们发现与普通人相比，SAUD 患者对新社会刺激物面部特征的识别能力普遍较低，但对正面信息的偏好却保持不变。相反，在社会记忆可及性任务中，与对照组相比，患者对负面人际记忆的可及性和流畅性更高（对正面记忆则没有观察到群体差异），从而导致了负面可及性偏差：对 SAUD 患者外显社会记忆的研究表明：(1) 患者对积极与消极新社会信息的编码偏差保持不变；(2) 患者获得消极人际记忆的机会多于获得积极人际记忆的机会。这些结果加深了我们对 SAUD 患者社会情感处理过程的理解，并确定了可能导致社会认知和人际交往困难的社会记忆改变。

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引用次数: 0

The key role of specific DSM-5 diagnostic criteria in the early development of alcohol use disorder: Findings from the RADAR prospective cohort study DSM-5特定诊断标准在酒精使用障碍早期发展中的关键作用：RADAR前瞻性队列研究的结果。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15379

Tim Slade, Siobhan M. O'Dean, Tammy Chung, Louise Mewton, Jim McCambridge, Philip Clare, Raimondo Bruno, Wing See Yuen, Joel Tibbetts, Peter Clay, Alexandra Henderson, Nyanda McBride, Richard Mattick, Veronica Boland, Delyse Hutchinson, Emily Upton, Ashling Isik, Phoebe Johnson, Kypros Kypri

Background

Prevention and early intervention of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a public health priority, yet there are gaps in our understanding of how AUD emerges, which symptoms of AUD come first, and whether there are modifiable risk factors that forecast the development of the disorder. This study investigated potential early-warning-sign symptoms for the development of AUD.

Methods

Data were from the RADAR study, a prospective cohort study of contemporary emerging adults across Australia (n = 565, mean age = 18.9, range = 18–21 at baseline, 48% female). Participants were interviewed five times across a 2.5-year period. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) AUD criteria and diagnoses were assessed by clinical psychologists using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV), modified to cover DSM-5 criteria. Hazard analyses modeled the time from first alcoholic drink to the emergence of any AUD criteria and determined which first-emergent AUD criteria were associated with a faster transition to disorder.

Results

By the final time point, 54.8% of the sample had experienced at least one DSM-5 AUD criterion and 26.1% met criteria for DSM-5 AUD. The median time from first AUD criterion to a diagnosis of AUD was 4 years. Social problems from drinking (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.24, CI₉₅ = 2.14, 4.92, p < 0.001), major role (HR = 2.53, CI₉₅ = 1.58, 4.06, p < 0.001), and drinking larger amounts/for longer than intended (HR = 2.04, CI₉₅ = 1.20, 3.46, p = 0.008) were first-onset criteria associated with a faster transition to AUD.

Conclusion

In the context of a prospective general population cohort study of the temporal development of AUD, alcohol-related social problems, major role problems, and using more or for longer than intended are key risk factors that may be targeted for early intervention.

背景：预防和早期干预酒精使用障碍（AUD）是公共卫生的当务之急，然而，我们对酒精使用障碍是如何出现的、酒精使用障碍的哪些症状最先出现、是否存在可改变的风险因素来预测酒精使用障碍的发展等问题的认识还存在差距。本研究调查了发生 AUD 的潜在预警信号症状：数据来自 RADAR 研究，这是一项针对澳大利亚当代新兴成年人的前瞻性队列研究（n = 565，平均年龄 = 18.9，基线年龄范围 = 18-21，48% 为女性）。参与者在 2.5 年的时间里接受了五次访谈。临床心理学家使用根据 DSM-5 标准修改的 DSM-IV 结构化临床访谈（SCID-IV）对《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版（DSM-5）的 AUD 标准和诊断进行了评估。危害分析模拟了从首次饮酒到出现任何 AUD 标准的时间，并确定了哪些首次出现的 AUD 标准与更快地转变为障碍有关：到最后一个时间点，54.8%的样本至少经历过一次DSM-5 AUD标准，26.1%的样本达到了DSM-5 AUD标准。从首次出现 AUD 标准到被诊断为 AUD 的中位时间为 4 年。饮酒导致的社会问题（危险比 [HR] = 3.24，CI95 = 2.14，4.92，P 95 = 1.58，4.06，P 95 = 1.20，3.46，P = 0.008）是与更快转变为 AUD 相关的首次发病标准：结论：在对 AUD 的时间发展进行前瞻性普通人群队列研究时，与酒精相关的社会问题、主要角色问题以及饮酒量超过预期或时间超过预期是关键的风险因素，可作为早期干预的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and correlates of daily-level reasons not to drink among young adults who use alcohol 在饮酒的年轻人中，每天不喝酒的原因的普遍性和相关性。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15349

Brooke J. Arterberry, Sarah J. Peterson, Ty S. Schepis, Megan E. Patrick

Background

This study examined reasons not to drink in young adults in relation to demographics, alcohol use patterns, timing (weekend vs. weekday), and typical drinking motives.

Methods

Young adults who reported past 30-day alcohol use and at least one nondrinking day (n = 614; mean age = 21.5 years ±0.53) completed a survey of alcohol-related measures (e.g., typical drinking motives) and up to 14 daily surveys that included 12 reasons not to drink assessed on nondrinking days. Multilevel logistic regressions were estimated for each reason not to drink and related covariates.

Results

The most common reasons not to drink on a given day were “wasn't interested in drinking” (83.4% of nondrinking days) and “didn't want to get drunk” (81.8% of nondrinking days), with over 96% of participants endorsing each of these at least once. On days (11.6%; by 29.5% of participants) when another drug was used instead of alcohol, 81.8% used cannabis. Sex, race/ethnicity, weekend (vs. weekday), and drinking motives were differentially linked to reasons not to drink. Reporting high-intensity drinking (i.e., ≥10 drinking on a day) versus binge (5–9 drinks on a day) in the past 2 weeks was linked to “had a hangover recently” (odds ratio = 2.85) as a reason not to drink.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that reasons not to drink reflect personal decisions and highlight ways to acknowledge situational barriers (e.g., saving money for food and essentials) that can be emphasized in brief interventions. Furthermore, reasons not to drink and alcohol motives may work in tandem within the motivational model to impact alcohol use behaviors.

背景：本研究调查了年轻人不喝酒的原因与人口统计学、酒精使用模式、时间（周末与工作日）和典型饮酒动机的关系：本研究调查了年轻人不喝酒的原因与人口统计学、酒精使用模式、时间（周末与工作日）和典型饮酒动机的关系：方法：报告过去 30 天饮酒情况且至少有一天不饮酒的青壮年（n = 614；平均年龄 = 21.5 岁 ±0.53）完成了与饮酒有关的调查（如典型饮酒动机）和多达 14 项日常调查，其中包括在不饮酒日评估的 12 个不饮酒原因。对每个不喝酒的原因和相关协变量进行了多层次逻辑回归估计：某天最常见的不喝酒原因是 "对喝酒不感兴趣"（占不喝酒日的 83.4%）和 "不想喝醉"（占不喝酒日的 81.8%），96%以上的参与者至少对这两个原因认可一次。在用其他药物代替酒精的日子里（11.6%；29.5% 的参与者），81.8% 的人使用大麻。性别、种族/民族、周末（与工作日相比）和饮酒动机与不饮酒的原因有不同的联系。过去两周内高强度饮酒（即每天饮酒≥10杯）与酗酒（每天饮酒5-9杯）与 "最近宿醉"（几率比=2.85）作为不喝酒的原因有关：研究结果表明，不饮酒的原因反映了个人的决定，并突出了承认情景障碍（如省钱购买食物和必需品）的方法，可在简短干预中加以强调。此外，不饮酒的原因和饮酒动机可以在动机模型中协同作用，从而影响饮酒行为。

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引用次数: 0

The gut-brain axis in individuals with alcohol use disorder: An exploratory study of associations among clinical symptoms, brain morphometry, and the gut microbiome 酒精使用障碍患者的肠脑轴：临床症状、大脑形态测量和肠道微生物组之间关联的探索性研究

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-22 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15346

Katherine A. Maki, Gwenyth R. Wallen, Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen, Li-Yueh Hsu, Michael E. Valencia, Vijay A. Ramchandani, Melanie L. Schwandt, Nancy Diazgranados, John F. Cryan, Reza Momenan, Jennifer J. Barb

Background

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is commonly associated with distressing psychological symptoms. Pathologic changes associated with AUD have been described in both the gut microbiome and brain, but the mechanisms underlying gut-brain signaling in individuals with AUD are unknown. This study examined associations among the gut microbiome, brain morphometry, and clinical symptoms in treatment-seeking individuals with AUD.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of data collected during inpatient treatment for AUD in subjects who provided gut microbiome samples and had structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 16). Shotgun metagenomics sequencing was performed, and the morphometry of brain regions of interest was calculated. Clinical symptom severity was quantified using validated instruments. Gut-brain modules (GBMs) used to infer neuroactive signaling potential from the gut microbiome were generated in addition to microbiome features (e.g., alpha diversity and bacterial taxa abundance). Bivariate correlations were performed between MRI and clinical features, microbiome and clinical features, and MRI and microbiome features.

Results

Amygdala volume was significantly associated with alpha diversity and the abundance of several bacteria including taxa classified to Blautia, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Phocaeicola. There were moderate associations between amygdala volume and GBMs, including butyrate synthesis I, glutamate synthesis I, and GABA synthesis I & II, but these relationships were not significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Other bacterial taxa with shared associations to MRI features and clinical symptoms included Escherichia coli and Prevotella copri.

Conclusions

We identified gut microbiome features associated with MRI morphometry and AUD-associated symptom severity. Given the small sample size and bivariate associations performed, these results require confirmation in larger samples and controls to provide meaningful clinical inferences. Nevertheless, these results will inform targeted future research on the role of the gut microbiome in gut-brain communication and how signaling may be altered in patients with AUD.

酒精使用障碍（AUD）通常伴有令人痛苦的心理症状。与 AUD 相关的病理变化已在肠道微生物组和大脑中有所描述，但 AUD 患者的肠道-大脑信号转导机制尚不清楚。本研究考察了寻求治疗的 AUD 患者的肠道微生物组、大脑形态测量和临床症状之间的关联。

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引用次数: 0

Rare and common variants associated with alcohol consumption identify a conserved molecular network 与饮酒有关的罕见和常见变异确定了一个保守的分子网络

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15399

Brittany S. Leger, John J. Meredith, Trey Ideker, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Abraham A. Palmer

Background

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of common variants associated with alcohol consumption. In contrast, genetic studies of alcohol consumption that use rare variants are still in their early stages. No prior studies of alcohol consumption have examined whether common and rare variants implicate the same genes and molecular networks, leaving open the possibility that the two approaches might identify distinct biology.

Methods

To address this knowledge gap, we used publicly available alcohol consumption GWAS summary statistics (GSCAN, N = 666,978) and whole exome sequencing data (Genebass, N = 393,099) to identify a set of common and rare variants for alcohol consumption. We used gene-based analysis to implicate genes from common and rare variant analyses, which we then propagated onto a shared molecular network using a network colocalization procedure.

Results

Gene-based analysis of each dataset implicated 294 (common variants) and 35 (rare variants) genes, including ethanol metabolizing genes ADH1B and ADH1C, which were identified by both analyses, and ANKRD12, GIGYF1, KIF21B, and STK31, which were identified in only the rare variant analysis, but have been associated with other neuropsychiatric traits. Network colocalization revealed significant network overlap between the genes identified via common and rare variants. The shared network identified gene families that function in alcohol metabolism, including ADH, ALDH, CYP, and UGT. Seventy-one of the genes in the shared network were previously implicated in neuropsychiatric or substance use disorders but not alcohol-related behaviors (e.g. EXOC2, EPM2A, and CACNG4). Differential gene expression analysis showed enrichment in the liver and several brain regions.

Conclusions

Genes implicated by network colocalization identify shared biology relevant to alcohol consumption, which also underlie neuropsychiatric traits and substance use disorders that are comorbid with alcohol use, providing a more holistic understanding of two disparate sources of genetic information.

全基因组关联研究（GWAS）已经发现了数百个与酒精消费有关的常见变体。相比之下，利用罕见变异进行的酒精消费基因研究仍处于早期阶段。此前没有任何关于酒精消费的研究探讨过常见变异和罕见变异是否涉及相同的基因和分子网络，因此这两种方法有可能发现不同的生物学特性。

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引用次数: 0

Blockade of thromboxane A2 signaling attenuates ethanol-induced myocardial inflammatory response in mice 阻断血栓素 A2 信号传导可减轻乙醇诱发的小鼠心肌炎性反应

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15391

Weilun Ai, Carol A. Casey, Paras Kumar Mishra, Yazen Alnouti, Sohel Daria, Viswanathan Saraswathi

Background

Alcohol-associated cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a cardiac muscle disease characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. Thromboxane-prostanoid receptor (TP-R) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Herein, we hypothesize that TP-R mediates alcohol-induced early cardiac injury.

Methods

Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 wild-type mice were fed a chronic ethanol (ET) or control diet (CON) for 10 days followed by a single binge of ethanol or maltose-dextrin through oral gavage. A cohort of ethanol-fed mice received SQ 29,548 (SQ), a TP-R antagonist. RNA sequencing, real-time PCR, and western blot analysis were performed on left ventricle to investigate alterations in genes and/or proteins mediating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiac remodeling. Sirius Red staining was performed to measure myocardial fibrosis.

Results

RNA-sequencing analysis of myocardium from CON and ET groups identified 142 genes that were significantly altered between the two groups. In particular, the gene expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a component of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling, which mediates oxidative stress and inflammatory response, was upregulated in response to ethanol exposure. The myocardial protein levels of TP-R and thromboxane A2 synthase were increased upon alcohol exposure. Ethanol increased the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal, a marker of oxidative stress, with a concomitant increase in the protein levels of TXNIP and NLRP3, and administration of SQ attenuated these effects. Additionally, ethanol increased the protein levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha and the NLRP3 downstream product, secretory interleukin 1 beta, and SQ blunted these effects. Finally, the Sirius red staining of the myocardium revealed an increase in collagen deposition in ethanol-fed mice which was attenuated by TP-R antagonism.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that ethanol promotes the NLRP3 signaling pathway within the myocardium, leading to a pro-inflammatory milieu that potentially initiates early myocardial remodeling, and TP-R antagonism attenuates this effect.

酒精相关心肌病（ACM）是一种以炎症和氧化应激为特征的心肌疾病。血栓素-类固醇受体（TP-R）在心血管疾病的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。在此，我们假设 TP-R 介导了酒精诱发的早期心脏损伤。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in foster care: A scoping review 寄养家庭中胎儿酒精谱系障碍的患病率：范围界定审查

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15394

Bailey Engesether, Mercedes Hoffner, Erika Johnson, Marilyn G. Klug, Svetlana Popova, Larry Burd

The prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) has been reported to be disproportionately high among children in foster care compared with the general population. However, updated prevalence estimates of infants and children with FASD in foster care or the prevalence of placement of children with FASD in foster care make this unclear. This study examines two questions. Firstly, what is the prevalence of FASD among infants and children in foster care? Secondly, what is the likelihood of placement in foster care for infants and children with FASD? This review was designed using PRISMA-SCR and JBI scoping review guidelines. Three databases were searched for the period June 2012 to June 2023: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Google Scholar for all countries. Overall prevalence estimates were calculated using a complementary log–log link model along with 95% confidence intervals. Firstly, the estimated prevalence of FASD among infants and children in foster care was 18.8%. Secondly, among children diagnosed with FASD 30.5% are placed into foster care, reflecting greatly increased risk of placement of infants and children with FASD in foster care. We conclude that routine screening for FASD is needed to improve the identification of infants and children with FASD. Increased attention is also needed on developing strategies for FASD prevention. Recognition that nearly one of every three children with FASD will enter foster care demonstrates the need for increased funding, enhanced training and greater availability of services for families and children impacted by FASD.

据报道，与普通人群相比，寄养儿童中胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）的患病率高得不成比例。然而，关于寄养机构中患有 FASD 的婴儿和儿童的最新患病率估计或将患有 FASD 的儿童安置在寄养机构中的患病率还不清楚。本研究探讨了两个问题。首先，FASD 在寄养婴幼儿中的流行率是多少？其次，患有 FASD 的婴幼儿被寄养的可能性有多大？本综述的设计采用了 PRISMA-SCR 和 JBI 范围综述指南。检索了 2012 年 6 月至 2023 年 6 月期间的三个数据库：PubMed、Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) 和 Google Scholar。采用互补对数-对数联系模型计算总体患病率估计值以及 95% 的置信区间。首先，寄养婴幼儿的 FASD 患病率估计为 18.8%。其次，在被诊断出患有 FASD 的儿童中，有 30.5% 被送往寄养机构，这反映出患有 FASD 的婴幼儿被送往寄养机构的风险大大增加。我们的结论是，需要对 FASD 进行常规筛查，以更好地识别患有 FASD 的婴幼儿。此外，还需要加强对制定 FASD 预防策略的关注。我们认识到，每三个患有 FASD 的儿童中就有一个会进入寄养家庭，这表明我们需要增加资金投入，加强培训，为受 FASD 影响的家庭和儿童提供更多的服务。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of early social isolation and adolescent single prolonged stress on anxiety-like behaviors and voluntary ethanol consumption in female Long Evans rats 早期社会隔离和青春期单次长期应激对雌性长伊文大鼠焦虑样行为和自愿乙醇消耗的影响

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15397

Stacy R. Pitcairn, Olivia A. Ortelli, Jeffrey L. Weiner

Background

Exposure to stress during childhood and adolescence is a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and comorbid conditions, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We previously established an adolescent social isolation (SI) model that leads to the emergence of a wide range of behavioral risk factors for AUD, including increased anxiety-like behavior, locomotor activity, and ethanol consumption in male and female rats. Here, we sought to test the hypothesis that SI may increase vulnerability to single prolonged stress (SPS), a rodent model of PTSD.

Methods

Female Long Evans rats (n = 8/group) were either single-housed or group-housed (GH) (4/cage) on postnatal day 21. One week later, rats underwent testing in the open field test (OFT), elevated plus-maze (EPM), and successive alleys test (SAT). Following initial behavioral testing, a subset of SI/GH rats were exposed to SPS. All rats were then tested on the novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT) followed by fear conditioning and home cage two-bottle choice to assess ethanol consumption.

Results

SI significantly increased activity in the OFT and anxiety-like behavior on the SAT, but not the EPM. While SI and SPS alone had no effect on the NSFT, exposure to both stressors significantly increased approach latency. Complex effects of stress history were observed across a 3-day fear conditioning paradigm and no group differences were observed with home cage ethanol consumption, regardless of prior ethanol exposure.

Conclusions

The results from this study provide novel evidence that SI interacts with SPS in female rats to influence behavior in assays of unconditioned anxiety-like behavior (NSFT) and conditioned fear. Surprisingly, stress exposure had no effect on home cage ethanol consumption. Ultimately, these models provide useful avenues to examine the interaction between stressful experiences, alcohol exposure, biological sex, and the neurobiological adaptations underlying potential risk factors for psychiatric conditions.

童年和青少年时期的压力暴露是酒精使用障碍（AUD）和包括创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）在内的合并症的风险因素。我们之前建立了一个青少年社会隔离（SI）模型，该模型会导致出现一系列罹患酒精中毒性精神障碍（AUD）的行为风险因素，包括雄性和雌性大鼠焦虑样行为、运动活动和乙醇消耗的增加。在这里，我们试图验证一个假设，即 SI 可能会增加对单次长期应激（SPS）的脆弱性，这是一种创伤后应激障碍的啮齿动物模型。

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引用次数: 0

Racial and ethnic disparities in receipt of specialty treatment across risk profiles of adults with heavy alcohol use 不同风险特征的重度酗酒成年人在接受专业治疗方面的种族和民族差异。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15401

Vanessa A. Palzes, Felicia W. Chi, Constance Weisner, Andrea H. Kline-Simon, Derek D. Satre, Stacy Sterling

Background

Variation in specialty treatment utilization for alcohol use disorder (AUD) by patient subgroups is poorly understood. This study examined whether and how patient risk profiles predict receipt of specialty treatment and whether there are disparities by race and ethnicity.

Methods

This cohort study included 206,956 adults with heavy alcohol use (that which exceeded National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism guidelines) between June 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014, using electronic health record data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Five risk profiles (characterized by daily or weekly heavy drinking and level of health risks) were identified in latent class analysis. Logistic regression models were fit to examine associations between risk profiles, race, ethnicity, and receipt of specialty treatment (including addiction medicine, psychiatry, or integrated behavioral health visits, and AUD pharmacotherapy), adjusting for other patient characteristics. Variation in the association between risk profiles and receipt of specialty treatment by race/ethnicity was also examined.

Results

Overall, 4.0% of patients received specialty treatment. Latino/Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander patients had lower odds of receiving specialty treatment than White patients (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] [95% CI] = 0.80 [0.75, 0.85], and 0.64 [0.59, 0.70], respectively). The substance use disorder and mental health disorder (SUD/MH) risk profile had the highest odds of receiving specialty treatment (10.46 [9.65, 11.34]). Associations between risk profiles and receipt of specialty treatment significantly differed by race/ethnicity. Black patients in the SUD/MH risk profile, and Hispanic/Latino patients in the risk profile with heavy daily drinking and more health risks, had lower odds of receiving specialty treatment than their White counterparts (adjusted ratio of odds ratios [aROR] [95% CI] = 0.69 [0.50, 0.94], and 0.79 [0.67, 0.92], respectively).

Conclusions

This study provides new insights into racial/ethnic disparities in specialty treatment utilization for alcohol problems. Findings may help inform strategies for tailoring interventions to address heavy alcohol use.

背景：人们对患者亚群在酒精使用障碍（AUD）专科治疗利用率方面的差异知之甚少。本研究探讨了患者的风险特征是否以及如何预测接受专科治疗的情况，以及是否存在种族和民族差异：这项队列研究纳入了 2013 年 6 月 1 日至 2014 年 12 月 31 日期间大量饮酒（超过美国国家酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所指南的饮酒量）的 206956 名成人，研究使用的是北加州凯泽医疗机构的电子健康记录数据。通过潜类分析确定了五种风险特征（以每日或每周大量饮酒和健康风险水平为特征）。在对其他患者特征进行调整后，拟合了逻辑回归模型，以检验风险特征、种族、民族和接受专科治疗（包括成瘾医学、精神病学或综合行为健康就诊以及 AUD 药物治疗）之间的关联。此外，还研究了不同种族/族裔的风险特征与接受专科治疗之间的关联差异：结果：总体而言，4.0% 的患者接受了专科治疗。拉丁裔/西班牙裔和亚太裔患者接受专科治疗的几率低于白人患者（调整后的几率比 [aOR] [95% CI] 分别为 0.80 [0.75, 0.85] 和 0.64 [0.59, 0.70]）。药物使用障碍和精神健康障碍（SUD/MH）风险特征接受专科治疗的几率最高（10.46 [9.65, 11.34]）。不同种族/族裔的风险特征与接受专科治疗之间的关系存在显著差异。属于 SUD/MH 风险特征的黑人患者，以及属于每日大量饮酒且健康风险较高风险特征的西班牙裔/拉丁美洲裔患者，接受专科治疗的几率低于白人患者（调整后的几率比 [aROR] [95% CI] = 0.69 [0.50, 0.94] 和 0.79 [0.67, 0.92]）：本研究为了解酗酒问题专科治疗利用率的种族/民族差异提供了新的视角。研究结果可能有助于为制定干预策略提供依据，以解决酗酒问题。

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引用次数: 0