Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献_第10页

Brain network signatures of spatial memory in adolescents at risk for substance use 有物质使用危险的青少年空间记忆的脑网络特征。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70155

Jennifer T. Sneider, Julia E. Cohen-Gilbert, Emily N. Oot, Anna M. Seraikas, Eleanor M. Schuttenberg, Andie Stallman, Derek A. Hamilton, Sion K. Harris, Helen Sabolek, Poornima Kumar, Lisa D. Nickerson, Marisa M. Silveri

Background

Examining youth before engagement in risky behaviors may help identify neurobiological signatures that prospectively predict susceptibility to initiating and escalating alcohol and other substance use. Given that frontal and medial temporal (e.g., hippocampal) regions continue developing during adolescence, identifying vulnerabilities in these systems is critical.

Methods

This study evaluated baseline brain activation during spatial memory performance using a virtual functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Morris water task (MWT). Participants were healthy, substance-naïve adolescents aged 13–14 years (n = 51, 27 females) who underwent brain imaging annually for 3 years and were evaluated quarterly for substance use. For the present report, only baseline imaging data were analyzed. During quarterly follow-ups, 22 participants initiated alcohol or other substance use, while 29 remained substance-naïve. Network activation strength was extracted for the retrieval > motor contrast in the dorsal attention network (DAN), salience network (SN), and medial temporal lobe subnetwork of the default mode network (MTL-DMN).

Results

DAN and SN activation strengths were significantly lower in initiators than in noninitiators. No group differences emerged for MTL-DMN activation. While minimal group or sex differences were observed in task performance, greater MTL-DMN activation was associated with better performance across the full sample, whereas better performance was associated with reduced DAN activation only in noninitiators.

Conclusions

Adolescents who later initiated substance use showed distinct baseline network patterns in systems supporting spatial memory and attention (DAN) and task control and salience detection (SN). In contrast, hippocampal network activation (MTL-DMN) was not evident before initiation but may emerge later as a consequence of use. Because substance use status was categorized for group comparisons, early variability may not be fully captured. These findings underscore the need for future longitudinal analyses to disentangle neurobiological markers of risk that precede adolescent substance use from alterations that arise as a result of use.

背景：在青少年从事危险行为之前进行检查可能有助于识别神经生物学特征，从而前瞻性地预测他们对酒精和其他物质使用的易感性。鉴于额叶和内侧颞叶（如海马）区域在青春期继续发育，确定这些系统的脆弱性至关重要。方法：本研究使用虚拟功能磁共振成像（fMRI）莫里斯水任务（MWT）评估空间记忆表现时的基线脑激活。参与者是健康的substance-naïve年龄在13-14岁的青少年（n = 51,27名女性），他们在3年内每年接受一次脑成像检查，并每季度评估一次药物使用情况。在本报告中，仅分析了基线成像数据。在每季度的随访中，22名参与者开始使用酒精或其他物质，29名仍然使用substance-naïve。提取网络激活强度，在背侧注意网络（DAN）、显著性网络（SN）和默认模式网络（MTL-DMN）的内侧颞叶子网络中检索>运动对比。结果：引发剂中DAN和SN的活化强度明显低于非引发剂。MTL-DMN激活没有组间差异。虽然在任务表现中观察到最小的组或性别差异，但在整个样本中，更大的MTL-DMN激活与更好的表现有关，而更好的表现仅与非启动者的DAN激活减少有关。结论：后来开始使用物质的青少年在支持空间记忆和注意（DAN）以及任务控制和显著性检测（SN）的系统中显示出明显的基线网络模式。相比之下，海马网络激活（MTL-DMN）在开始前并不明显，但可能在使用后出现。由于药物使用状况是分组比较分类的，因此可能无法完全捕获早期变异性。这些发现强调了未来纵向分析的必要性，以便将青少年使用药物之前的风险神经生物学标记与使用药物引起的改变分开。

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引用次数: 0

Latent profile analysis of trait impulsivity facets and associations with resilience, problematic alcohol use, and quality of life 特质冲动性方面的潜在特征分析及其与恢复力、问题酒精使用和生活质量的关联。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70158

Heidi H. Meyer, Matthew F. Thompson, Tommy Gunawan, Melanie L. Schwandt, Vijay A. Ramchandani, Nancy Diazgranados, Jeremy W. Luk

Background

Impulsivity is a multidimensional construct that is associated with problematic alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Modeling within-person clustering of impulsivity facets has the potential to aid clinical case conceptualization, and examining associations with resilience and well-being outcomes can inform strength-based intervention approaches. In this study, we utilized latent profile analysis (LPA) to capture the clustering of trait impulsivity facets and tested resilience as a mediational pathway linking impulsivity latent profiles to problematic alcohol use and quality of life domains.

Methods

A total of 401 adults (59.9% male and 71.6% with past-year AUD) who completed self-reported measures of trait impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale), resilience, and alcohol-related outcomes were included in this study. Statistical analyses included LPA, linear regression, and path analysis.

Results

LPA identified three profiles that varied by overall impulsivity as well as specific levels of negative and positive urgency: Profile 1—Low Impulsivity/Urgency (36.4%), Profile 2—Medium Impulsivity (45.6%), and Profile 3—High Impulsivity/Urgency (18.0%). The percentages of past-year AUD were 37.7% in Profile 1, 87.4% in Profile 2, and 100% in Profile 3. Latent profiles with higher impulsivity had lower resilience, higher problematic alcohol use, and lower quality of life. Low resilience was a significant mediator of associations between Medium/High Impulsivity profiles and all clinical outcomes, including problematic alcohol use and four quality of life domains.

Conclusions

In this person-centered analysis, individuals who scored high on negative urgency also had elevated scores on positive urgency and several other impulsivity facets. Within-person clustering of impulsivity facets was associated with differential risk for AUD, and latent profile differences in problematic alcohol use and quality of life outcomes were mediated by low resilience. Findings highlight resilience as a potential treatment target that warrants further evaluation in clinical research.

背景：冲动性是一种多维结构，与酒精使用问题和酒精使用障碍（AUD）有关。冲动性方面的个人内部聚类建模有可能帮助临床病例概念化，并且检查与恢复力和幸福感结果的关联可以为基于力量的干预方法提供信息。在本研究中，我们利用潜在特征分析（LPA）来捕捉特质冲动性方面的聚类，并测试弹性作为将冲动性潜在特征与问题酒精使用和生活质量领域联系起来的中介途径。方法：共有401名成年人（59.9%为男性，71.6%为过去一年的AUD）完成了特质冲动性（Barratt冲动性量表和UPPS-P冲动性行为量表）、恢复力和酒精相关结果的自我报告测量。统计分析包括LPA、线性回归和通径分析。结果：LPA确定了三种不同的总体冲动性以及消极和积极紧迫性的具体水平：1-低冲动性/紧迫性（36.4%），2-中等冲动性（45.6%）和3-高冲动性/紧迫性（18.0%）。过去一年澳元的百分比在剖面1中为37.7%，剖面2中为87.4%，剖面3中为100%。冲动性高的潜在特征具有较低的恢复力，较高的问题酒精使用和较低的生活质量。低弹性是中/高冲动性特征与所有临床结果（包括有问题的酒精使用和四个生活质量领域）之间关联的重要中介。结论：在这个以人为中心的分析中，消极紧迫性得分高的个体在积极紧迫性和其他几个冲动方面的得分也较高。冲动方面的个人聚类与AUD的不同风险相关，而问题酒精使用和生活质量结果的潜在剖面差异是由低弹性介导的。研究结果强调，弹性是一个潜在的治疗目标，值得在临床研究中进一步评估。

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引用次数: 0

Directional associations between antisocial behavior and alcohol use disorder symptoms from adolescence through adulthood: A sibling comparison cross-lagged approach 反社会行为与青春期至成年期酒精使用障碍症状之间的定向关联：兄弟姐妹比较交叉滞后方法

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70134

Connor J. McCabe, Jarrod M. Ellingson, Jesse D. Hinckley, Michael Stallings, Christian Hopfer, Soo Hyun Rhee, Robin P. Corley, Daniel E. Gustavson, J. Megan Ross, Tamara L. Wall

Background

A well-established link between antisocial behavior (ASB) and problematic alcohol use in adolescence has been demonstrated, yet the direction of this association across the lifespan remains unclear. Although antisocial conduct may increase exposure to known social and environmental risk factors for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD), alcohol use may also impair social functioning and self-regulation that subsequently increases ASB risk. Using a sibling comparison design in a high-risk sample, this study tested bidirectional associations between symptom counts of ASB and AUD from adolescence through adulthood.

Method

Participants were a sample of 783 probands with adolescent-onset ASB and AUD symptoms at baseline and 556 of their siblings assessed during adolescence (18 years and younger), emerging adulthood (19–26 years), and later adulthood (27 years and older). We applied multilevel cross-lagged panel models to assess lagged associations between ASB and AUD symptoms across three waves. Clustering was specified at the family level, with outcomes centered within families.

Results

Greater within-family ASB in adolescence predicted moderate increases in AUD in emerging adulthood (ß = 0.25, p < 0.001); whereas adolescent AUD did not predict subsequent ASB. Within-family associations between AUD and ASB were not found in the emerging-to-later adult periods.

Conclusions

Accounting for family-level confounding, ASB symptoms in adolescence may be a precursor to AUD in emerging adulthood; whereas AUD and ASB symptoms may follow independent trajectories through adulthood. Findings highlight the importance of considering developmental specificity in the prevention and treatment of copresenting AUD and ASB risk.

背景：反社会行为（ASB）与青春期问题酒精使用之间的联系已得到证实，但这种联系在整个生命周期中的方向仍不清楚。虽然反社会行为可能增加已知的社会和环境风险因素对酒精使用障碍（AUD）的影响，但酒精使用也可能损害社会功能和自我调节，从而增加ASB风险。本研究在高风险样本中采用兄弟姐妹比较设计，测试了从青春期到成年期ASB和AUD症状计数之间的双向关联。方法：参与者是783名在基线时具有青少年发病ASB和AUD症状的先证者，以及556名在青春期（18岁及以下）、成年初显期（19-26岁）和成年后期（27岁及以上）进行评估的兄弟姐妹。我们应用多层次交叉滞后面板模型来评估ASB和AUD症状之间的滞后关联。聚类是在家庭水平上指定的，结果以家庭为中心。结论：考虑到家庭水平的混杂因素，青春期的ASB症状可能是成年期早期AUD的前兆，而AUD和ASB症状可能在成年期遵循独立的发展轨迹。研究结果强调了在预防和治疗同时出现的AUD和ASB风险时考虑发育特异性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Diagnosing prenatal alcohol exposure and fetal alcohol syndrome in military-connected children: Insights from US military data claims, 2016–2023 诊断与军队有关的儿童的产前酒精暴露和胎儿酒精综合症：来自美国军事数据声明的见解，2016-2023。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70157

Elizabeth H. Lee, Madison Cirillo, Zoe Solomon, Amanda Banaag, Barbara Fuhrman, Rachel Sayko Adams, Tracey P. Koehlmoos

Background

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) during gestation. Conservative estimates of FASD prevalence in United States children are 1%–5%. Early identification could facilitate early intervention, yet fewer than 1% of children with FASD receive a diagnosis. Although heavy alcohol use has been part of military culture for decades, the epidemiology of FASD is unknown in the Military Health System (MHS), where 1.9 million children receive care.

Methods

Using an open cohort design and military claims data for 2016–2023, we calculated period prevalence, annual and cumulative incidence, and average age at first diagnosis for FASD in military children 0–18 years. FASD diagnosis was defined using available diagnostic codes representing a small subset of the broader FASD spectrum of conditions, that is, newborn affected by PAE and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). We conducted chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression to identify sociodemographic factors associated with these combined diagnoses.

Results

One thousand four hundred seventy six unique children had any diagnosis between 2016 and 2023 (PAE only: 301; FAS only: 1061; both: 114). Period prevalence was 0.42 cases per 1000 children. Cumulative incidence was 0.34 cases per 1000 children for 2017–2023 using 2016 as a 1-year washout. Average age at any diagnosis was 8.3 years. Factors associated with increased likelihood of diagnosis were male sex; being in guardianship; sponsor of senior officer rank; and sponsor affiliated with the Air Force or Other Service branch. Factors associated with decreased likelihood of diagnosis included Black or Other race; being a stepchild; sponsor of junior enlisted or junior officer rank; and sponsor in the Marine Corps.

Conclusions

Like in the US general population, FASD is underdiagnosed in the MHS. Further study of an expanded set of co-occurring conditions under the FASD umbrella may aid in refining estimates of FASD in the MHS.

背景：胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）是由于孕期酒精暴露（PAE）导致的终身神经发育疾病。保守估计FASD在美国儿童中的患病率为1%-5%。早期识别可以促进早期干预，但只有不到1%的FASD儿童得到诊断。虽然大量饮酒几十年来一直是军队文化的一部分，但在190万儿童接受护理的军事卫生系统（MHS）中，FASD的流行病学尚不清楚。方法：采用开放队列设计和2016-2023年军队索赔数据，计算0-18岁军人儿童FASD的时期患病率、年发病率和累计发病率以及平均首次诊断年龄。FASD诊断是使用现有的诊断代码来定义的，这些诊断代码代表了FASD更广泛的病症谱中的一小部分，即受PAE和胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）影响的新生儿。我们进行了卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归，以确定与这些联合诊断相关的社会人口因素。结果：2016年至2023年间，1476名独特的儿童有任何诊断（仅PAE: 301；仅FAS: 1061；两者：114）。期间患病率为每1000名儿童0.42例。以2016年为1年洗脱期，2017-2023年的累积发病率为每1000名儿童0.34例。诊断时的平均年龄为8.3岁。与诊断可能性增加相关的因素是男性；被监护的；保证人具有高级职级；与空军或其他军种有关联的赞助商。与诊断可能性降低相关的因素包括黑人或其他种族；继子；下级士兵或下级军官军衔的保证人；和海军陆战队的赞助人结论：与美国普通人群一样，MHS中FASD的诊断不足。进一步研究FASD保护伞下的一组扩展的共同发生的条件可能有助于改进MHS中FASD的估计。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding clustered behavioral risk factors among adults in the United States: A gender-specific analysis of alcohol and other substance use and obesity 了解美国成年人的群集行为风险因素：酒精和其他物质使用与肥胖的性别分析。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70148

Won Kim Cook, Libo Li, William C. Kerr, Priscilla Martinez

Background

Individuals who consume alcohol often use other drugs as well. Little is known about the clustering of heavy and binge drinking with the use of other substances (tobacco, cannabis, illicit drugs, and nonmedical prescription drugs). Overweight/obesity, highly prevalent in the United States (US) and an established health risk factor, may also cluster with them. We aimed to identify patterns of clustering of these behavioral risk factors and demographic and chronic disease profiles of individuals who show each pattern of clustering.

Methods

Latent class analyses and multinomial and logistic regressions were conducted using a nationally representative sample of US adults (Analytic N = 214,505) from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Demographic characteristics (age, race and ethnicity, education, and income) and chronic health conditions associated with each cluster of behavioral risk factors were examined, also adjusting for health insurance coverage and marital status. Analyses were stratified by gender.

Results

Four clusters with similar behavioral risk profiles were identified for both men and women: heavy-drinking-tobacco-some-cannabis-use-obese group, high-substance-use group, obese group, and relatively-healthy-lifestyle group. Additionally, heavy-drinking-tobacco-some-cannabis-use-overweight group and low-drinking-high-other-substance-use group for men and heavy-drinking-tobacco-some-cannabis-use group for women were identified. The high substance use group was more likely to be aged under 35. However, clusters featuring more commonly used substances (alcohol, tobacco, and, to a lesser degree, cannabis) were more likely to be midlife for men and to have higher income for both men and women. Clustered behavioral risk factors were positively associated with being White and having no college degree (with some exceptions) and negatively associated with self-rated health status and chronic conditions (except hypertension) for both sexes.

Conclusions

Clustered multisubstance use and obesity is a problem affecting a significant segment of the US population. Tailored multibehavior interventions are warranted.

背景：饮酒的人通常也会使用其他药物。人们对酗酒和酗酒与使用其他物质（烟草、大麻、非法药物和非医疗处方药）的聚集性知之甚少。超重/肥胖，在美国非常普遍，是一个确定的健康风险因素，也可能与他们聚集在一起。我们的目的是确定这些行为风险因素的聚类模式，以及显示每种聚类模式的个体的人口统计学和慢性疾病概况。方法：使用2015-2019年全国药物使用和健康调查中具有全国代表性的美国成年人样本（分析N = 214,505）进行潜在类别分析、多项和逻辑回归。研究人员检查了与每一组行为风险因素相关的人口特征（年龄、种族和民族、教育和收入）和慢性健康状况，并根据健康保险覆盖率和婚姻状况进行了调整。分析按性别分层。结果：在男性和女性中确定了四个具有相似行为风险概况的集群：重度饮酒-烟草-大麻使用-肥胖组，高物质使用组，肥胖组和相对健康的生活方式组。此外，还确定了男性重度饮酒-烟草-大麻使用-超重组和低饮酒-高其他物质使用组以及女性重度饮酒-烟草-大麻使用组。高物质使用组更可能在35岁以下。然而，使用更常用物质（酒精、烟草，以及在较小程度上使用大麻）的群体更有可能是男性的中年，男性和女性的收入都较高。聚集性行为风险因素与白人和没有大学学位呈正相关（有一些例外），与自评健康状况和慢性疾病（高血压除外）负相关。结论：聚集性多物质使用和肥胖是影响美国人口很大一部分的问题。量身定制的多行为干预是必要的。

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引用次数: 0

Person–environment transactions of impulsive traits and day-level alcohol use: A narrative review 冲动特征与日间酒精使用的人-环境交易：叙述性回顾。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70159

Jack T. Waddell, Ian A. McNamera, Shu Inamura, Riley C. Tolbert

Background

Person–Environment Transactions Theory purports that certain individuals react differently (and gain different experiences) based upon their environment, which therefore informs acute and long-term behavioral development. Given the central role of impulsive traits (i.e., positive urgency, negative urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) in the etiology of alcohol use/misuse, a variety of studies have tested person-by-environment transactions between impulsive traits and environmental, day-level variables predicting drinking behavior. Yet, a synthesis of these findings remains needed to best characterize the literature, inform future studies, and spur conversation among the research community.

Methods

This narrative review identified studies testing cross-level interactions between Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation Seeking (UPPS-P) impulsive traits and day/moment-level environmental variables, broadly defined, predicting alcohol use/misuse using daily diaries/surveys, ecological momentary assessment, and timeline followback interviewing.

Results

Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria, testing interactions between UPPS-P impulsive traits and day-level pregaming, affect/PTSD symptoms, alcohol and cannabis couse, planned drinking, physical activity, rate of alcohol consumption, and state impulsivity. Across studies with significant interactions, all but one found interactions wherein positive urgency potentiated the influence of the given day-level variable on heavier drinking. Findings for lack of premeditation and perseverance were less common but in the same direction as positive urgency, while findings for negative urgency and sensation seeking were sparse, inconsistent, and mixed.

Conclusions

A host of day/moment-level environmental variables, broadly defined, appear to potentiate riskier drinking dependent upon impulsive personality traits. Themes across studies and the need for continued research and environment-specific intervention development are discussed.

背景：人-环境交易理论认为，某些个体根据他们的环境做出不同的反应（并获得不同的经验），因此影响了短期和长期的行为发展。鉴于冲动特征（即积极的紧迫性、消极的紧迫性、缺乏预谋、缺乏毅力和寻求感觉）在酒精使用/滥用的病因学中的核心作用，各种研究已经测试了冲动特征与预测饮酒行为的环境、日水平变量之间的人-环境交易。然而，这些发现的综合仍然需要最好地描述文献，为未来的研究提供信息，并促进研究界之间的对话。方法：本叙述性综述确定了测试紧迫性、预谋、毅力、感觉寻求（UPPS-P）冲动特征与日/瞬间水平环境变量之间的跨水平相互作用的研究，这些研究使用日常日记/调查、生态瞬间评估和时间轴随访访谈来预测酒精使用/滥用。结果：13项研究符合纳入标准，测试了UPPS-P冲动特征与日水平游戏前、影响/创伤后应激障碍症状、酒精和大麻病程、计划饮酒、身体活动、酒精消费量和状态冲动之间的相互作用。在具有显著相互作用的研究中，除了一项研究外，所有研究都发现，积极的紧迫感增强了给定日水平变量对重度饮酒的影响。缺乏预谋和毅力的研究结果不太常见，但与积极紧迫感的方向相同，而消极紧迫感和感觉寻求的研究结果则很少，不一致，并且混合。结论：一系列广泛定义的日/瞬间水平的环境变量，似乎与冲动的性格特征有关，从而增加了饮酒风险。讨论了跨研究的主题以及继续研究和环境特定干预发展的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Experiences and barriers to alcohol use disorder treatment among adults with and without self-reported executive functioning challenges: A mixed-methods study 有或没有自我报告执行功能挑战的成年人酒精使用障碍治疗的经历和障碍：一项混合方法研究

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70154

Cayley Russell, Jessica L. Wiese, Anthony C. Ruocco, Nikki Bozinoff, Raul Gonzalez, Sheila Jennings, Marco Leyton, Yuliya S. Nikolova, Josh Orson, Marc N. Potenza, Lena C. Quilty, Kevin D. Shield, Antonio Verdejo-Garcia, Samantha Wells, Shannon Lange, The CDiA Program Study Group

Background

Executive functioning (EF)—the ability to plan, organize, and complete goal-directed tasks—plays a critical role in the onset and course of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Individuals with AUD often report challenges in EF domains, such as initiating, planning, and performing key tasks, including seeking, engaging in, and adhering to treatment. While AUD treatment efficacy is well-established, little is known about individuals' lived experiences with AUD treatment, especially among those with EF challenges. To date, no studies have explored how self-reported EF challenges shape treatment-seeking experiences in people with AUD using a mixed-methods approach. This study addresses that gap.

Methods

We conducted a mixed-methods study involving 30 adults seeking AUD treatment between June 2022 and June 2023. This work was part of a broader research program examining cognitive functioning in addictions within a mental health and addictions hospital in Toronto, Canada. Data collection included semistructured qualitative interviews and a standardized self-administered EF questionnaire. Data were integrated, analyzed thematically, and narratively synthesized.

Results

Approximately half of participants (53%) met the threshold for EF challenges. Many described multiple prior treatment attempts, a delayed recognition of problematic alcohol use, and an incongruence between treatment expectations and experiences. Those with EF challenges described distinct barriers to care and expressed a need for additional supports, including access to psychotherapy, clearer treatment pathways and timelines, and more proactive communication and follow-up from healthcare providers.

Conclusions

Individuals with AUD often experience co-occurring mental health and EF challenges that may affect their motivation to seek treatment and shape treatment experiences and trajectories. Tailored treatment approaches that address EF challenges through enhanced support, structure, and provider communication may improve treatment engagement and outcomes among this population.

背景：执行功能（EF）——计划、组织和完成目标导向任务的能力——在酒精使用障碍（AUD）的发病和病程中起着关键作用。患有AUD的个体经常报告在EF领域的挑战，例如启动，计划和执行关键任务，包括寻求，参与和坚持治疗。虽然AUD治疗的疗效是公认的，但人们对AUD治疗的个人生活经历知之甚少，尤其是那些有EF挑战的人。迄今为止，还没有研究使用混合方法探讨自我报告的EF挑战如何影响AUD患者寻求治疗的经历。这项研究解决了这一差距。方法：我们进行了一项混合方法研究，涉及30名在2022年6月至2023年6月期间寻求AUD治疗的成年人。这项工作是加拿大多伦多一家心理健康和成瘾医院开展的一项更广泛的研究项目的一部分，该项目旨在研究成瘾患者的认知功能。数据收集包括半结构化定性访谈和标准化自我管理EF问卷。数据被整合，按主题分析，并叙述合成。结果：大约一半的参与者（53%）达到了EF挑战的阈值。许多人描述了先前的多次治疗尝试，对问题酒精使用的延迟认识，以及治疗期望和经历之间的不一致。那些有EF障碍的人描述了明显的护理障碍，并表示需要额外的支持，包括获得心理治疗、更明确的治疗途径和时间表，以及医疗保健提供者更积极主动的沟通和后续行动。结论：患有AUD的个体经常经历共同的研究，这些研究探讨了自我报告的EF困难与使用混合方法获得AUD治疗的生活经历之间的关系，这些经历可能会影响他们寻求治疗的动机，并形成治疗经历和轨迹。通过加强支持、结构和提供者沟通来解决EF挑战的量身定制的治疗方法可能会提高这一人群的治疗参与度和结果。

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引用次数: 0

Neuropeptide Y1 receptor expressing circuit from the central amygdala to lateral hypothalamus modulates binge-like ethanol consumption in a sex-dependent manner 从中央杏仁核到外侧下丘脑的神经肽Y1受体表达回路以性别依赖的方式调节酗酒样的乙醇消费。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70151

Sophie C. Bendrath, Ashlyn Stone, Anne M. Dankert, Todd E. Thiele

Background

Alcohol use disorder is characterized by maladaptive patterns of alcohol consumption, with emerging evidence suggesting that neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling through Y1 and Y2 receptors (Y1R and Y2R) within the central amygdala (CeA) plays a critical role in modulating ethanol intake. The current experiments investigate the neural mechanisms underlying binge-like ethanol drinking, focusing on the involvement of Y1R+ CeA-to-lateral hypothalamus (LH) projections, dynamic interactions between Y1R and Y2R within the CeA, and the impact of chronic ethanol exposure on Y1R protein expression.

Methods

NPY1R-ires-cre mice received LH cannulation, were infused with cre-dependent inhibitory (Gi) Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug (DREADD) or control virus into the CeA, and went through drinking in the dark (DID). Other animals were treated intra-CeA with an NPY overexpression vector (FIB-NPY) or control, and went through DID, intermittent access to ethanol (IAE), and open-field testing. Viral placements and receptor targets were assessed via qPCR. Finally, mice went through six cycles of DID, and Y1R immunohistochemical (IHC) labeling on neurons was assessed for animals sacrificed after the final DID session or after a 24-h period of abstinence.

Results

Chemogenetic inhibition of Y1R+ CeA-LH projections selectively reduced binge-like ethanol drinking in male mice without affecting female mice. Viral NPY overexpression revealed behavioral effects and predictive relationships between receptor mRNA expression and intake patterns. Although no significant differences were found in Y1R/NeuN colocalization across sex and treatment groups, correlational analyses revealed that Y1R expression varied with individual ethanol consumption.

Conclusions

Collectively, these results support a model wherein Y1R signaling within the CeA regulates ethanol consumption through circuit-specific mechanisms and broader neuroadaptive changes influenced by sex and individual drinking patterns. This research advances our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying binge-like ethanol intake and highlights the complex, sex-dependent roles of NPY-Y1R and Y2R signaling in the CeA.

背景：酒精使用障碍的特征是酒精消费的不适应模式，新出现的证据表明，神经肽Y （NPY）信号通过中央杏仁核（CeA）内的Y1和Y2受体（Y1R和Y2R）在调节乙醇摄入中起关键作用。目前的实验研究了狂欢样酒精饮酒的神经机制，重点关注Y1R+ CeA-外侧下丘脑（LH）投射的参与，CeA内Y1R和Y2R之间的动态相互作用，以及慢性乙醇暴露对Y1R蛋白表达的影响。方法：NPY1R-ires-cre小鼠接受LH灌管，在CeA内注入设计物药物独占激活的设计物受体（fear）或对照病毒，并进行暗夜饮酒（DID）。其他动物用NPY过表达载体（FIB-NPY）或对照处理cea内，并进行DID、间歇乙醇（IAE）和开放场试验。通过qPCR评估病毒位置和受体靶点。最后，小鼠进行了六个周期的DID，并评估了在最后一次DID后或24小时禁食后牺牲的动物神经元上的Y1R免疫组织化学（IHC）标记。结果：Y1R+ CeA-LH投射的化学发生抑制选择性地减少了雄性小鼠的狂欢样酒精饮用，而不影响雌性小鼠。病毒NPY过表达揭示了受体mRNA表达与摄入模式之间的行为效应和预测关系。虽然Y1R/NeuN共定位在性别和治疗组之间没有显著差异，但相关分析显示，Y1R表达随个体乙醇消耗量而变化。结论：总的来说，这些结果支持了一个模型，即CeA内的Y1R信号通过电路特异性机制和受性别和个人饮酒模式影响的更广泛的神经适应性变化来调节乙醇消耗。这项研究促进了我们对酒精摄入的神经生物学机制的理解，并强调了NPY-Y1R和Y2R信号在CeA中复杂的、性别依赖的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Results of a pilot randomized controlled trial of Tuning in to Kids for children with FASD in nonbiological parent care 一项针对FASD儿童的非生物学父母护理的随机对照试验结果。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70153

Christie L. M. Petrenko, Carson Kautz-Turnbull, Madeline N. Rockhold, Elizabeth D. Handley, Sophie S. Havighurst, Sheree L. Toth

Background

Emotion regulation difficulties and placements with nonbiological parents are common in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). We tested whether the Tuning in to Kids (TIK) intervention would improve emotion regulation in children with FASD living with nonbiological parents by targeting caregiver emotion socialization.

Method

A two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial of the 8-week, group-based TIK program was conducted from 8/2017 to 9/2021 (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03524664). Multimethod data collection occurred at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. Eighty-nine children (ages 4–12) with FASD and their caregivers were enrolled, with 87 randomly assigned to study conditions (54 TIK, 33 waitlist control). At the onset of COVID-19, intervention delivery and data collection were transitioned to remote methods. Data were analyzed using multivariate regression.

Results

A total of 37 (68.5%) caregivers completed at least five TIK group sessions. Ratings of satisfaction and perceived impact of the program were high. Findings of exploratory analyses indicated that families with younger caregivers responded more favorably to TIK, as evidenced by improvements in both caregiver (p = 0.005) and child (p = 0.04) emotion regulation, and caregiver empathy (p = 0.008) and emotion coaching (p < 0.001) immediately post-intervention. No significant effects were found at three-month follow up (ps > 0.05).

Conclusions

The TIK program did not lead to significant improvement compared to waitlist controls overall in this sample. Findings suggest caregiver age is an important consideration in emotion coaching interventions in these settings.

背景：情绪调节困难和与非亲生父母安置在胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）儿童中很常见。我们通过以照顾者情绪社会化为目标，测试了收听儿童（TIK）干预是否会改善与非亲生父母生活在一起的FASD儿童的情绪调节。方法：在2017年8月至2021年9月进行为期8周、以组为基础的TIK项目的两组随机对照试验（ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03524664）。在基线、干预后和三个月的随访中进行了多方法数据收集。89名患有FASD的儿童（4-12岁）及其照顾者被纳入研究，其中87名随机分配到研究条件（54名TIK， 33名等候名单对照组）。在COVID-19发病时，干预措施的提供和数据收集转向了远程方法。数据采用多元回归分析。结果：共有37名（68.5%）护理人员完成了至少5次TIK小组会议。该计划的满意度和感知影响评级很高。探索性分析的结果表明，有年轻照顾者的家庭对TIK的反应更有利，这可以从照顾者（p = 0.005）和孩子（p = 0.04）情绪调节、照顾者同理心（p = 0.008）和情绪指导（p 0.05）的改善中得到证明。结论：在这个样本中，与等候名单对照相比，TIK计划并没有导致显著的改善。研究结果表明，在这些情况下，照顾者的年龄是情绪指导干预的一个重要考虑因素。

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引用次数: 0

A commentary on the prevalence, outcomes, and state-of-science on solitary drinking 关于单独饮酒的流行、结果和科学现状的评论。

IF 2.7 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1111/acer.70150

Jack T. Waddell, Samuel F. Acuff

引用次数: 0