Nicholas J Bush, Adriana K Cushnie, Madison Sinclair, Huda Ahmed, Rachel Schorn, Tongzhen Xie, Jeff Boissoneault
Background: Alcohol is a commonly used substance associated with significant public health consequences. Treatment is often stigmatized and limited with regard to both access and affordability, demonstrating the need for innovations in alcohol treatment. Accelerometer sensors can detect drinking without user input and are widely incorporated into wearable devices, increasing accessibility and affordability.
Methods: We compared a distributional and random forest classification approach to detect and evaluate sensor-based drinking data. Data were collected at a local state fair (n = 194), where participants drank water at specified intervals interspersed with confounding behaviors (e.g., touching nose, rubbing forehead, or yawning) while wearing an Android-based smartwatch for 10 min. Participants were randomized to receive one of three drinking container shapes: pint, martini, or wine.
Results: The random forest model achieved an overall testing accuracy of 93% (sensitivity = 0.32; specificity = 0.99; positive predictive value = 0.74). The distributional algorithm achieved an overall accuracy of 95% (sensitivity = 0.76; specificity = 0.97; positive predictive value = 0.72). The distributional algorithm had a significantly greater accuracy (t(193) = 7.73, p < 0.001, d = 0.56) and sensitivity (t(193) = 24.5, p < 0.001, d = 1.76). Equivalency testing demonstrated significant equivalency to the ground truth for sip duration (tlower(193) = 16.92, p < 0.001; tupper(193) = -9.85, p < 0.001) and between-sip interval (tlower(193) = 1.72, p = 0.044; thigher(193) = -3.96, p < 0.001). However, the random forest did not have significant equivalency to the ground truth for between-sip interval (tlower(193) = 1.98, p = 0.025; thigher(193) = 0.160, p = 0.564).
Conclusions: Overall, the results indicated that consumer-grade smartwatches can be utilized to detect and measure alcohol use behavior using machine learning and distributional algorithms. This work provides the methodological foundation for future research to analyze the behavioral pharmacology of alcohol use and develop accessible just-in-time clinical interventions.
{"title":"Development of an accelerometer-based wearable sensor approach for alcohol consumption detection.","authors":"Nicholas J Bush, Adriana K Cushnie, Madison Sinclair, Huda Ahmed, Rachel Schorn, Tongzhen Xie, Jeff Boissoneault","doi":"10.1111/acer.15465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.15465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alcohol is a commonly used substance associated with significant public health consequences. Treatment is often stigmatized and limited with regard to both access and affordability, demonstrating the need for innovations in alcohol treatment. Accelerometer sensors can detect drinking without user input and are widely incorporated into wearable devices, increasing accessibility and affordability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared a distributional and random forest classification approach to detect and evaluate sensor-based drinking data. Data were collected at a local state fair (n = 194), where participants drank water at specified intervals interspersed with confounding behaviors (e.g., touching nose, rubbing forehead, or yawning) while wearing an Android-based smartwatch for 10 min. Participants were randomized to receive one of three drinking container shapes: pint, martini, or wine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The random forest model achieved an overall testing accuracy of 93% (sensitivity = 0.32; specificity = 0.99; positive predictive value = 0.74). The distributional algorithm achieved an overall accuracy of 95% (sensitivity = 0.76; specificity = 0.97; positive predictive value = 0.72). The distributional algorithm had a significantly greater accuracy (t(193) = 7.73, p < 0.001, d = 0.56) and sensitivity (t(193) = 24.5, p < 0.001, d = 1.76). Equivalency testing demonstrated significant equivalency to the ground truth for sip duration (t<sub>lower</sub>(193) = 16.92, p < 0.001; t<sub>upper</sub>(193) = -9.85, p < 0.001) and between-sip interval (t<sub>lower</sub>(193) = 1.72, p = 0.044; t<sub>higher</sub>(193) = -3.96, p < 0.001). However, the random forest did not have significant equivalency to the ground truth for between-sip interval (t<sub>lower</sub>(193) = 1.98, p = 0.025; t<sub>higher</sub>(193) = 0.160, p = 0.564).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the results indicated that consumer-grade smartwatches can be utilized to detect and measure alcohol use behavior using machine learning and distributional algorithms. This work provides the methodological foundation for future research to analyze the behavioral pharmacology of alcohol use and develop accessible just-in-time clinical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erica N. Grodin, Wave-Ananda Baskerville, Kaitlin R. McManus, Michael R. Irwin, Lara A. Ray
Background
Insomnia commonly co-occurs with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and predicts poorer outcomes for those with AUD. Insomnia and AUD are individually associated with increases in systemic inflammation. Insomnia and inflammation both serve as risk factors for relapse in AUD. However, little is known about the relationship between insomnia and systemic inflammation in individuals with AUD. Therefore, the present study examined the relationship between the severity of insomnia symptoms and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines in a sample of treatment-seeking individuals with an AUD.
Methods
This secondary analysis included 101 (61M/40F) individuals with an AUD. Participants were categorized into groups based on their scores on the Insomnia Severity Index: no insomnia (n = 47), subthreshold insomnia (n = 37), and clinical insomnia (n = 17). Participants provided blood samples to measure plasma levels of four peripheral markers of inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and CRP). Inflammatory marker levels were compared between groups. Interactive effects of sex and AUD severity were examined.
Results
There was a significant main effect of insomnia group on log IL-8 levels (F = 6.52, p = 0.002), such that individuals with AUD and clinical insomnia had higher log IL-8 levels compared to both the no insomnia and subthreshold insomnia groups (ps ≤ 0.05). Sex and AUD severity interacted with this relationship, such that men with clinical insomnia and AUD and individuals with severe AUD had higher log IL-8 levels. There were no significant effects of insomnia on IL-6, TNF-α, or CRP levels.
Conclusion
The present study identified a specific elevation in IL-8 levels in individuals with an AUD and clinical insomnia that was not identified in other markers of peripheral inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP). Sex and AUD severity interacted with insomnia symptoms, indicating that those with clinical insomnia and severe AUD or male sex may be the most vulnerable to the inflammatory consequences associated with AUD and clinical insomnia symptoms.
{"title":"Elevations in interleukin-8 levels in individuals with alcohol use disorder and clinical insomnia symptoms","authors":"Erica N. Grodin, Wave-Ananda Baskerville, Kaitlin R. McManus, Michael R. Irwin, Lara A. Ray","doi":"10.1111/acer.15444","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15444","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insomnia commonly co-occurs with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and predicts poorer outcomes for those with AUD. Insomnia and AUD are individually associated with increases in systemic inflammation. Insomnia and inflammation both serve as risk factors for relapse in AUD. However, little is known about the relationship between insomnia and systemic inflammation in individuals with AUD. Therefore, the present study examined the relationship between the severity of insomnia symptoms and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines in a sample of treatment-seeking individuals with an AUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This secondary analysis included 101 (61M/40F) individuals with an AUD. Participants were categorized into groups based on their scores on the Insomnia Severity Index: no insomnia (<i>n</i> = 47), subthreshold insomnia (<i>n</i> = 37), and clinical insomnia (<i>n</i> = 17). Participants provided blood samples to measure plasma levels of four peripheral markers of inflammation (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and CRP). Inflammatory marker levels were compared between groups. Interactive effects of sex and AUD severity were examined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a significant main effect of insomnia group on log IL-8 levels (<i>F</i> = 6.52, <i>p</i> = 0.002), such that individuals with AUD and clinical insomnia had higher log IL-8 levels compared to both the no insomnia and subthreshold insomnia groups (<i>p</i>s ≤ 0.05). Sex and AUD severity interacted with this relationship, such that men with clinical insomnia and AUD and individuals with severe AUD had higher log IL-8 levels. There were no significant effects of insomnia on IL-6, TNF-α, or CRP levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study identified a specific elevation in IL-8 levels in individuals with an AUD and clinical insomnia that was not identified in other markers of peripheral inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α, CRP). Sex and AUD severity interacted with insomnia symptoms, indicating that those with clinical insomnia and severe AUD or male sex may be the most vulnerable to the inflammatory consequences associated with AUD and clinical insomnia symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2079-2088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antoine Karrer, Raphael Pangui, Caroline Le Lan, Sebastien Le Texier, Antonia Le Gruyer, Florence Moirand, Theophile Chalvin, Romain Moirand
Background: Patients with substance use disorders present with many risk factors for liver disease-including alcohol, hepatitis C virus infection, and obesity-and should thus be screened for compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD). Such screening could potentially be performed by outpatient addiction clinics. In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and results of cACLD screening using transient elastography (TE) among all patients attending routine follow-up visits at addiction clinics, regardless of their liver disease risk factors.
Methods: Liver fibrosis evaluation using TE was offered to every patient consulting two different addiction clinics in France, between December 2020 and September 2021, during dedicated half-day screening sessions. The screening was proposed during the patient's routine care and was performed immediately after the scheduled consultation. Patients with a liver stiffness measurement over 8 kPa were referred to a hepatology visit in the addiction clinic within 2-4 weeks.
Results: Screening was offered to 227 patients and was accepted by 116 (51%) patients. Twelve patients had a liver stiffness over 8 kPa, and nine of these patients attended the recommended specialist hepatology visit. Five patients (4.3% of those screened) were diagnosed with cACLD. Patients' acceptance of the screening was associated with older age, being on one's own or professionally inactive, and presenting with alcohol use disorder.
Conclusion: Overall, our results demonstrated that opportunistic cACLD screening using TE in outpatient addiction clinics was feasible and acceptable, with good results.
{"title":"Screening for compensated advanced chronic liver disease using transient elastography in outpatient addiction clinics.","authors":"Antoine Karrer, Raphael Pangui, Caroline Le Lan, Sebastien Le Texier, Antonia Le Gruyer, Florence Moirand, Theophile Chalvin, Romain Moirand","doi":"10.1111/acer.15463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.15463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patients with substance use disorders present with many risk factors for liver disease-including alcohol, hepatitis C virus infection, and obesity-and should thus be screened for compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD). Such screening could potentially be performed by outpatient addiction clinics. In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and results of cACLD screening using transient elastography (TE) among all patients attending routine follow-up visits at addiction clinics, regardless of their liver disease risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Liver fibrosis evaluation using TE was offered to every patient consulting two different addiction clinics in France, between December 2020 and September 2021, during dedicated half-day screening sessions. The screening was proposed during the patient's routine care and was performed immediately after the scheduled consultation. Patients with a liver stiffness measurement over 8 kPa were referred to a hepatology visit in the addiction clinic within 2-4 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Screening was offered to 227 patients and was accepted by 116 (51%) patients. Twelve patients had a liver stiffness over 8 kPa, and nine of these patients attended the recommended specialist hepatology visit. Five patients (4.3% of those screened) were diagnosed with cACLD. Patients' acceptance of the screening was associated with older age, being on one's own or professionally inactive, and presenting with alcohol use disorder.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, our results demonstrated that opportunistic cACLD screening using TE in outpatient addiction clinics was feasible and acceptable, with good results.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may not respond typically to images of food (i.e., cues), according to a novel study using brain imaging. AUD is believed to reshape the brain circuitry involved in reward and motivation such that alcohol cues become emphasized over natural (or conventional) rewards, including life goals, food, and social connections. Alcohol cues are thought to trigger an enhanced dopamine release, relative to cues of conventional rewards, among people who are vulnerable to AUD, which may amplify their risk for problematic drinking. Consistently, a heightened response to alcohol cues has been linked to craving, heavy drinking, and vulnerability to relapse. Natural cues, meanwhile, may become less salient with the disease progression. AUD is associated with both malnutrition—raising the risk for liver disease—and social and emotional deficits, which could, in turn, undermine treatment and recovery efforts. Increasingly, treatment researchers are using brain responses to alcohol cues as a measure for evaluating the effectiveness of AUD medications in development. Despite the potential importance of the relationship between alcohol cues and natural rewards, it remains generally underexplored. For this study in <i>Alcohol: Clinical & Experimental Research</i>, the investigators used brain scans to compare the reward processing of people with AUD and light drinkers to a range of visual stimuli.</p><p>Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina worked with 28 adults (average age 32). Forty-three percent were women; most were White. Fourteen met criteria for AUD; 14 were light drinkers. All participants provided detailed information on their use of alcohol and other substances and gave blood and urine samples for corroboration. The participants underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning session. They viewed images relating to alcohol—using an established protocol known to activate reward circuits in the brain—as well as non-alcohol beverages (control condition). They also viewed images of food, household images (control condition), positive social scenes, and images of people involved in everyday tasks (control condition). Researchers also examined brain activation from MRI data and used statistical analysis to look for associations between neurological patterns and imagery in both groups. The participants also reported their experience and intensity of positive and negative emotions while viewing the various images following the scanning session.</p><p>The participants with AUD reported an average of 4–5 drinks a day in the last month; just over half of those days involved heavy drinking. Light drinkers reported less than 1 alcohol-containing drink a day. During the scanning session, their brain activation patterns were consistent with their self-reported emotional responses. Among people with AUD, food images elicited abnormally low reward activation in two brain regions. These regions—t
{"title":"Articles of Public Interest","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/acer.15458","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15458","url":null,"abstract":"<p>People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may not respond typically to images of food (i.e., cues), according to a novel study using brain imaging. AUD is believed to reshape the brain circuitry involved in reward and motivation such that alcohol cues become emphasized over natural (or conventional) rewards, including life goals, food, and social connections. Alcohol cues are thought to trigger an enhanced dopamine release, relative to cues of conventional rewards, among people who are vulnerable to AUD, which may amplify their risk for problematic drinking. Consistently, a heightened response to alcohol cues has been linked to craving, heavy drinking, and vulnerability to relapse. Natural cues, meanwhile, may become less salient with the disease progression. AUD is associated with both malnutrition—raising the risk for liver disease—and social and emotional deficits, which could, in turn, undermine treatment and recovery efforts. Increasingly, treatment researchers are using brain responses to alcohol cues as a measure for evaluating the effectiveness of AUD medications in development. Despite the potential importance of the relationship between alcohol cues and natural rewards, it remains generally underexplored. For this study in <i>Alcohol: Clinical & Experimental Research</i>, the investigators used brain scans to compare the reward processing of people with AUD and light drinkers to a range of visual stimuli.</p><p>Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina worked with 28 adults (average age 32). Forty-three percent were women; most were White. Fourteen met criteria for AUD; 14 were light drinkers. All participants provided detailed information on their use of alcohol and other substances and gave blood and urine samples for corroboration. The participants underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning session. They viewed images relating to alcohol—using an established protocol known to activate reward circuits in the brain—as well as non-alcohol beverages (control condition). They also viewed images of food, household images (control condition), positive social scenes, and images of people involved in everyday tasks (control condition). Researchers also examined brain activation from MRI data and used statistical analysis to look for associations between neurological patterns and imagery in both groups. The participants also reported their experience and intensity of positive and negative emotions while viewing the various images following the scanning session.</p><p>The participants with AUD reported an average of 4–5 drinks a day in the last month; just over half of those days involved heavy drinking. Light drinkers reported less than 1 alcohol-containing drink a day. During the scanning session, their brain activation patterns were consistent with their self-reported emotional responses. Among people with AUD, food images elicited abnormally low reward activation in two brain regions. These regions—t","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 10","pages":"1818"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea M. Wycoff, Mary Beth Miller, Timothy J. Trull
Background
Poor sleep is common in the context of cannabis use, but experimental and daily-life studies provide mixed evidence for whether cannabis use helps or disturbs same-night sleep. Despite a high prevalence of co-use of alcohol and cannabis, most studies of cannabis use and sleep do not consider alcohol use. We sought to add to this literature by examining associations between cannabis and sleep in the context of alcohol co-use and to examine these associations bidirectionally using ecological momentary assessment.
Methods
Participants were 88 adults reporting cannabis use at least 3×/week and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use at least 2×/week. For 14 days, participants completed morning surveys assessing hours slept and perceived sleep quality from the night before. In morning surveys, random surveys, and substance-specific surveys, participants also reported on alcohol and cannabis craving, use, and amounts.
Results
Primary results from multilevel models demonstrated that cannabis use was not independently associated with sleep (duration or quality). However, cannabis use attenuated alcohol's negative effects on sleep quality.
Conclusions
Results question the utility of cannabis use to improve sleep but highlight the attenuated negative effects of alcohol as a potential reinforcer of alcohol-cannabis co-use. Future work should continue to consider polysubstance use and integrate additional self-report and objective measures of sleep health to further clarify how cannabis use affects sleep.
{"title":"Bidirectional associations between sleep and cannabis and alcohol (co-)use in daily life","authors":"Andrea M. Wycoff, Mary Beth Miller, Timothy J. Trull","doi":"10.1111/acer.15448","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15448","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poor sleep is common in the context of cannabis use, but experimental and daily-life studies provide mixed evidence for whether cannabis use helps or disturbs same-night sleep. Despite a high prevalence of co-use of alcohol and cannabis, most studies of cannabis use and sleep do not consider alcohol use. We sought to add to this literature by examining associations between cannabis and sleep in the context of alcohol co-use and to examine these associations bidirectionally using ecological momentary assessment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants were 88 adults reporting cannabis use at least 3×/week and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use at least 2×/week. For 14 days, participants completed morning surveys assessing hours slept and perceived sleep quality from the night before. In morning surveys, random surveys, and substance-specific surveys, participants also reported on alcohol and cannabis craving, use, and amounts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary results from multilevel models demonstrated that cannabis use was not independently associated with sleep (duration or quality). However, cannabis use attenuated alcohol's negative effects on sleep quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results question the utility of cannabis use to improve sleep but highlight the attenuated negative effects of alcohol as a potential reinforcer of alcohol-cannabis co-use. Future work should continue to consider polysubstance use and integrate additional self-report and objective measures of sleep health to further clarify how cannabis use affects sleep.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2099-2112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leveraging memory suppression from a goal-directed perspective to regain control over alcohol consumption.","authors":"Xavier Noël","doi":"10.1111/acer.15462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.15462","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jack T. Waddell, William R. Corbin, Kevin J. Grimm, Jane Metrik, Christine M. Lee, Timothy J. Trull
Background
Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use is associated with riskier daily drinking. However, little research has tested momentary mechanisms through which simultaneous use predicts continued drinking during acute drinking episodes. The current study tested whether simultaneous use moments predicted within-episode increases in subjective responses, craving, and continued drinking, and whether these relations were potentiated in social versus solitary settings.
Methods
Emerging adults who co-use alcohol and cannabis (N = 85) completed 21 days of ecological momentary assessment with event-contingent reports during drinking episodes. Three-level multilevel models tested whether simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use moments indirectly predicted subsequent, continued drinking through subjective responses (i.e., high-arousal positive/stimulant, high-arousal negative/aggression, low-arousal positive/relaxation, low-arousal negative/impairment) and alcohol craving, and whether relations differed by social versus solitary contexts.
Results
Within drinking episodes, simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use moments were associated with increased stimulation, which was indirectly associated with continued drinking through increased alcohol craving. Additionally, the relation between simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use and stimulating effects was potentiated during solitary drinking moments, whereas the relation between stimulating effects and craving was potentiated during social drinking moments. However, stimulating effects were higher in social contexts across all moments. Finally, simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use moments were associated with increased relaxation, which was indirectly associated with a lower likelihood of continued drinking through lesser craving.
Conclusions
Simultaneous use predicted both continued within-episode drinking and cessation of drinking, with acute subjective effects and craving as mechanisms, dependent upon context. Just-in-time interventions should consider targeting affect, craving, and context in event-specific interventions.
{"title":"Within-episode relations among simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use and continued drinking: The role of momentary subjective responses, craving, and drinking context","authors":"Jack T. Waddell, William R. Corbin, Kevin J. Grimm, Jane Metrik, Christine M. Lee, Timothy J. Trull","doi":"10.1111/acer.15451","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15451","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use is associated with riskier daily drinking. However, little research has tested momentary mechanisms through which simultaneous use predicts continued drinking during acute drinking episodes. The current study tested whether simultaneous use moments predicted within-episode increases in subjective responses, craving, and continued drinking, and whether these relations were potentiated in social versus solitary settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emerging adults who co-use alcohol and cannabis (<i>N</i> = 85) completed 21 days of ecological momentary assessment with event-contingent reports during drinking episodes. Three-level multilevel models tested whether simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use moments indirectly predicted subsequent, continued drinking through subjective responses (i.e., high-arousal positive/stimulant, high-arousal negative/aggression, low-arousal positive/relaxation, low-arousal negative/impairment) and alcohol craving, and whether relations differed by social versus solitary contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Within drinking episodes, simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use moments were associated with increased stimulation, which was indirectly associated with continued drinking through increased alcohol craving. Additionally, the relation between simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use and stimulating effects was potentiated during solitary drinking moments, whereas the relation between stimulating effects and craving was potentiated during social drinking moments. However, stimulating effects were higher in social contexts across all moments. Finally, simultaneous (vs. alcohol-only) use moments were associated with increased relaxation, which was indirectly associated with a lower likelihood of continued drinking through lesser craving.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Simultaneous use predicted both continued within-episode drinking and cessation of drinking, with acute subjective effects and craving as mechanisms, dependent upon context. Just-in-time interventions should consider targeting affect, craving, and context in event-specific interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2175-2187"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Gallopel-Morvan et al. (<span>2024</span>) should be commended for their recent multi-disciplinary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based study exploring the impact of alcohol warning labels. This research is the first neuroimaging-based study to examine the impacts of small text-only alcohol warnings compared with larger text-and-picture alcohol warnings. The results are important, as they clearly demonstrate that enhanced warnings elicit less activity in key regions of the brain's reward system and may diminish the desire to consume alcohol.</p><p>This type of robust research related to alcohol control is vital given the significant negative impact of alcohol on mortality and morbidity (GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators, <span>2020</span>; Mayshak et al., <span>2022</span>; Younossi et al., <span>2023</span>). Alcohol is an important Commercial Determinant of Health (CDoH) that inflicts a deadly toll (WHO, <span>2024</span>). The World Health Organization estimates that alcohol is responsible for three million deaths per annum, as well as reaping a huge toll in terms of morbidity and negative social impacts (WHO, <span>2018</span>, <span>2022</span>).</p><p>It must be acknowledged there is a well-established and large range of robust empirical and experimental research on the topic of alcohol warning labels, now subject to multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Clarke et al., <span>2020</span>; Correia et al., <span>2024</span>; Giesbrecht et al., <span>2022</span>; Joyce et al., <span>2024</span>; Kokole et al., <span>2021</span>; Zuckermann et al., <span>2014</span>), including some real-world evaluation (Vallance, et al., <span>2020</span>). Recent research has also explored the use of eye-tracking software to explore this topic (Kersbergen & Field, <span>2017</span>; Lacoste-Badie et al., <span>2022</span>). However, in its use of fMRI to explore alcohol warning labels, Gallopel-Morvan et al. (<span>2024</span>) have pioneered cutting-edge research in this field.</p><p>Concerns over robust research should not be taken lightly as the global alcohol industry, “Big Alcohol,” similar to the tobacco and sugar industries, has an established track record of malfeasance in the research arena (Ennis, <span>2023</span>; Houghton, <span>2024</span>; Mitchell & McCambridge, <span>2022</span>, <span>2023</span>). The strong influence of the Wine and Beer lobbies, both within the EU and elsewhere, should not be under-estimated (Millot, Maani, et al., <span>2022</span>; Millot, Serra, & Gallopel-Morvan, <span>2022</span>; Severi & Hawkins, <span>2024</span>. Gallopel-Morvan et al.'s (<span>2024</span>) fMRI-based research will be harder for the industry to debunk or misrepresent.</p><p>Figure 1 details the combined text and pictograph alcohol warning label that will be required on containers of alcohol in Ireland by 2026, as required under the Public Health (Alcohol) Act, 2018. Obvious limitations with this warning
{"title":"The need for further alcohol control research: A response to a functional magnetic resonance imaging study on alcohol warnings by Gallopel-Morvan et al.","authors":"Frank Houghton","doi":"10.1111/acer.15453","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15453","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gallopel-Morvan et al. (<span>2024</span>) should be commended for their recent multi-disciplinary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based study exploring the impact of alcohol warning labels. This research is the first neuroimaging-based study to examine the impacts of small text-only alcohol warnings compared with larger text-and-picture alcohol warnings. The results are important, as they clearly demonstrate that enhanced warnings elicit less activity in key regions of the brain's reward system and may diminish the desire to consume alcohol.</p><p>This type of robust research related to alcohol control is vital given the significant negative impact of alcohol on mortality and morbidity (GBD 2019 Risk Factors Collaborators, <span>2020</span>; Mayshak et al., <span>2022</span>; Younossi et al., <span>2023</span>). Alcohol is an important Commercial Determinant of Health (CDoH) that inflicts a deadly toll (WHO, <span>2024</span>). The World Health Organization estimates that alcohol is responsible for three million deaths per annum, as well as reaping a huge toll in terms of morbidity and negative social impacts (WHO, <span>2018</span>, <span>2022</span>).</p><p>It must be acknowledged there is a well-established and large range of robust empirical and experimental research on the topic of alcohol warning labels, now subject to multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Clarke et al., <span>2020</span>; Correia et al., <span>2024</span>; Giesbrecht et al., <span>2022</span>; Joyce et al., <span>2024</span>; Kokole et al., <span>2021</span>; Zuckermann et al., <span>2014</span>), including some real-world evaluation (Vallance, et al., <span>2020</span>). Recent research has also explored the use of eye-tracking software to explore this topic (Kersbergen & Field, <span>2017</span>; Lacoste-Badie et al., <span>2022</span>). However, in its use of fMRI to explore alcohol warning labels, Gallopel-Morvan et al. (<span>2024</span>) have pioneered cutting-edge research in this field.</p><p>Concerns over robust research should not be taken lightly as the global alcohol industry, “Big Alcohol,” similar to the tobacco and sugar industries, has an established track record of malfeasance in the research arena (Ennis, <span>2023</span>; Houghton, <span>2024</span>; Mitchell & McCambridge, <span>2022</span>, <span>2023</span>). The strong influence of the Wine and Beer lobbies, both within the EU and elsewhere, should not be under-estimated (Millot, Maani, et al., <span>2022</span>; Millot, Serra, & Gallopel-Morvan, <span>2022</span>; Severi & Hawkins, <span>2024</span>. Gallopel-Morvan et al.'s (<span>2024</span>) fMRI-based research will be harder for the industry to debunk or misrepresent.</p><p>Figure 1 details the combined text and pictograph alcohol warning label that will be required on containers of alcohol in Ireland by 2026, as required under the Public Health (Alcohol) Act, 2018. Obvious limitations with this warning","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2004-2006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roselyn Peterson, Gabriela López, Michelle Haikalis, Prachi H Bhuptani, Holly K Boyle, Megan Strowger, Kate B Carey, Lindsay M Orchowski, Jennifer E Merrill
Background: Feeling in control in a sexual situation may vary as a function of contextual factors, such as whether alcohol is used prior to a sexual experience. Alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) reduce adverse alcohol-related outcomes and may promote greater sense of control in sexual situations. It was hypothesized that, at the day level, (1) greater alcohol use would be associated with lower likelihood of feeling in control in sexual situations, (2) more PBS would be associated with a greater likelihood of feeling in control, and (3) more PBS would weaken the negative association between alcohol use and sexual control.
Methods: For 28 days, daily data on feeling in control during sex, number of drinks, and PBS were collected from young adults who engage in high-intensity drinking (8+/10+ drinks in a sitting for women/men). A sample of 112 young adults (age 18-29, 61% female; 78.6% White; 9.8% Hispanic/Latino) reported sex after alcohol use at least once (n = 322 days total). Alcohol use, PBS (total as well as subtype: stopping/limiting drinking [SLD], manner of drinking [MD], and serious harm reduction [SHR]), and alcohol use by PBS interactions were tested as day-level correlates of sexual control via hierarchical generalized linear modeling.
Results: A significant interaction between alcohol and total PBS on control was observed. At low levels of PBS, more drinks were related to lower likelihood of feeling in control during sex. At high levels of PBS, number of drinks was unrelated to control. A similar pattern of results was observed when examining the PBS subscale of SLD. No main effects of daily PBS or alcohol use on control were observed.
Conclusions: Findings provide insight into feeling in control when drinking alcohol and engaging in sex, at varying levels of PBS. Interventions focused on harm reduction strategies have the potential to reduce risk of alcohol-related adverse sexual experiences.
{"title":"Feeling in control in sexual situations: Day-level associations with alcohol use and alcohol protective behavioral strategies.","authors":"Roselyn Peterson, Gabriela López, Michelle Haikalis, Prachi H Bhuptani, Holly K Boyle, Megan Strowger, Kate B Carey, Lindsay M Orchowski, Jennifer E Merrill","doi":"10.1111/acer.15457","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Feeling in control in a sexual situation may vary as a function of contextual factors, such as whether alcohol is used prior to a sexual experience. Alcohol protective behavioral strategies (PBS) reduce adverse alcohol-related outcomes and may promote greater sense of control in sexual situations. It was hypothesized that, at the day level, (1) greater alcohol use would be associated with lower likelihood of feeling in control in sexual situations, (2) more PBS would be associated with a greater likelihood of feeling in control, and (3) more PBS would weaken the negative association between alcohol use and sexual control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For 28 days, daily data on feeling in control during sex, number of drinks, and PBS were collected from young adults who engage in high-intensity drinking (8+/10+ drinks in a sitting for women/men). A sample of 112 young adults (age 18-29, 61% female; 78.6% White; 9.8% Hispanic/Latino) reported sex after alcohol use at least once (n = 322 days total). Alcohol use, PBS (total as well as subtype: stopping/limiting drinking [SLD], manner of drinking [MD], and serious harm reduction [SHR]), and alcohol use by PBS interactions were tested as day-level correlates of sexual control via hierarchical generalized linear modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant interaction between alcohol and total PBS on control was observed. At low levels of PBS, more drinks were related to lower likelihood of feeling in control during sex. At high levels of PBS, number of drinks was unrelated to control. A similar pattern of results was observed when examining the PBS subscale of SLD. No main effects of daily PBS or alcohol use on control were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings provide insight into feeling in control when drinking alcohol and engaging in sex, at varying levels of PBS. Interventions focused on harm reduction strategies have the potential to reduce risk of alcohol-related adverse sexual experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayre E. Wilson, Hannah A. Lavoie, Benjamin L. Berey, Tessa Frohe, Bonnie H. P. Rowland, Liana S. E. Hone, Robert F. Leeman
Background
Mobile health (mHealth) technology use may reduce alcohol use and related negative consequences; however, little is known about its efficacy without prompting from researchers or pay-per-use. This exploratory analysis assessed relationships between mHealth technology use frequency and alcohol-use outcomes.
Methods
Young adults who drink heavily (N = 97, Mage= 23, 51% male, 64% non-Hispanic White, Mdrinks/week = 21) had the option to use three mHealth technologies (breathalyzer device/app, blood alcohol content estimator app, drink counting via text message) while drinking for 2 weeks. Relationships between alcohol-related outcomes and any, multiple, and specific mHealth technology use across study days and drinking days were evaluated via bivariate correlations and multiple regressions.
Results
Participants used one or more mHealth technologies on approximately 68% of drinking days (33% of field days), with multiple technologies used on 34% of drinking days. Bivariate correlations revealed that a higher percentage of study days with any mHealth technology use was related to higher mean weekly drinks. However, a higher percentage of drinking days with any mHealth technology use was related to lower mean weekly drinks, percent of heavy and high-intensity drinking days, and negative consequences. There were several significant, inverse correlations between alcohol variables and using the mHealth technologies that provided personalized feedback. Multiple regression analyses (holding sex and baseline alcohol variables constant) indicated that a higher percentage of drinking days with any mHealth technology use was related to lower mean weekly drinks and lower percentage of heavy drinking days.
Conclusions
Using mHealth technologies to moderate drinking without direct prompting from the research team or per-use incentives was related to less overall alcohol use and heavy drinking. This indicates potential real-world engagement with mHealth apps to assist with in-the-moment drinking. Normalizing mHealth technology use during drinking could help curb the public health crisis around harmful alcohol use in young adult populations.
{"title":"Exploratory analysis of blood alcohol concentration-related technology use and drinking outcomes among young adults","authors":"Sayre E. Wilson, Hannah A. Lavoie, Benjamin L. Berey, Tessa Frohe, Bonnie H. P. Rowland, Liana S. E. Hone, Robert F. Leeman","doi":"10.1111/acer.15455","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15455","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mobile health (mHealth) technology use may reduce alcohol use and related negative consequences; however, little is known about its efficacy without prompting from researchers or pay-per-use. This exploratory analysis assessed relationships between mHealth technology use frequency and alcohol-use outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Young adults who drink heavily (<i>N =</i> 97, <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> <i>=</i> 23, 51% male, 64% non-Hispanic White, <i>M</i><sub>drinks/week</sub> = 21) had the option to use three mHealth technologies (breathalyzer device/app, blood alcohol content estimator app, drink counting via text message) while drinking for 2 weeks. Relationships between alcohol-related outcomes and any, multiple, and specific mHealth technology use across study days and drinking days were evaluated via bivariate correlations and multiple regressions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants used one or more mHealth technologies on approximately 68% of drinking days (33% of field days), with multiple technologies used on 34% of drinking days. Bivariate correlations revealed that a higher percentage of study days with any mHealth technology use was related to higher mean weekly drinks. However, a higher percentage of drinking days with any mHealth technology use was related to lower mean weekly drinks, percent of heavy and high-intensity drinking days, and negative consequences. There were several significant, inverse correlations between alcohol variables and using the mHealth technologies that provided personalized feedback. Multiple regression analyses (holding sex and baseline alcohol variables constant) indicated that a higher percentage of drinking days with any mHealth technology use was related to lower mean weekly drinks and lower percentage of heavy drinking days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using mHealth technologies to moderate drinking without direct prompting from the research team or per-use incentives was related to less overall alcohol use and heavy drinking. This indicates potential real-world engagement with mHealth apps to assist with in-the-moment drinking. Normalizing mHealth technology use during drinking could help curb the public health crisis around harmful alcohol use in young adult populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"2188-2199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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