Kunio Miyake, Sanae Otawa, Megumi Kushima, Hideki Yui, Ryoji Shinohara, Sayaka Horiuchi, Yuka Akiyama, Tadao Ooka, Reiji Kojima, Hiroshi Yokomichi, Zentaro Yamagata, The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Background
The role of polymorphisms in genes regulating alcohol metabolism, particularly those modulating the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the neurodevelopment of offspring, remains inconclusive. Herein, we aimed to determine the involvement of ADH1B and ALDH2 gene polymorphisms in maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the risk of developmental delay in offspring in a Japanese population.
Methods
We analyzed 1727 mother–child pairs from the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy was determined through a mid-pregnancy questionnaire and categorized into three groups: never-drinkers, those who quit drinking in early pregnancy, and current drinkers. Developmental delays in children were assessed in five domains using the Japanese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (J-ASQ-3) at 3 years of age. We conducted a logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between maternal drinking status during pregnancy and developmental delays in offspring with respect to maternal ADH1B (rs1229984) or ALDH2 (rs671) gene polymorphisms.
Results
Children born to mothers who continued alcohol consumption during pregnancy had a higher risk of delayed communication skills at 3 years of age compared with children born to mothers who did not drink alcohol (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.84–18.38). Analysis by ALDH2 gene polymorphism revealed that alcohol consumption by mothers carrying the wild-type ALDH2 (*1/*1) increased the risk of delayed communication skills at 3 years of age, whereas alcohol consumption by mothers carrying a heterozygotic genotype of ALDH2 (*1/*2) enhanced the risk of developmental delay in all five domains of the J-ASQ-3. The impact of ADH1B gene polymorphism could not be clearly elucidated.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that alcohol consumption by pregnant females carrying the deficient variant ALDH2*2 genotype may increase the risk of developmental delay in their offspring.
{"title":"Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and child development: Role of ADH1B and ALDH2 gene polymorphisms—The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study","authors":"Kunio Miyake, Sanae Otawa, Megumi Kushima, Hideki Yui, Ryoji Shinohara, Sayaka Horiuchi, Yuka Akiyama, Tadao Ooka, Reiji Kojima, Hiroshi Yokomichi, Zentaro Yamagata, The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study Group","doi":"10.1111/acer.15487","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15487","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The role of polymorphisms in genes regulating alcohol metabolism, particularly those modulating the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the neurodevelopment of offspring, remains inconclusive. Herein, we aimed to determine the involvement of <i>ADH1B</i> and <i>ALDH2</i> gene polymorphisms in maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the risk of developmental delay in offspring in a Japanese population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method<b>s</b></h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analyzed 1727 mother–child pairs from the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy was determined through a mid-pregnancy questionnaire and categorized into three groups: never-drinkers, those who quit drinking in early pregnancy, and current drinkers. Developmental delays in children were assessed in five domains using the Japanese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (J-ASQ-3) at 3 years of age. We conducted a logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between maternal drinking status during pregnancy and developmental delays in offspring with respect to maternal <i>ADH1B</i> (rs1229984) or <i>ALDH2</i> (rs671) gene polymorphisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Children born to mothers who continued alcohol consumption during pregnancy had a higher risk of delayed communication skills at 3 years of age compared with children born to mothers who did not drink alcohol (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.84–18.38). Analysis by <i>ALDH2</i> gene polymorphism revealed that alcohol consumption by mothers carrying the wild-type <i>ALDH2</i> (*1/*1) increased the risk of delayed communication skills at 3 years of age, whereas alcohol consumption by mothers carrying a heterozygotic genotype of <i>ALDH2</i> (*1/*2) enhanced the risk of developmental delay in all five domains of the J-ASQ-3. The impact of <i>ADH1B</i> gene polymorphism could not be clearly elucidated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that alcohol consumption by pregnant females carrying the deficient variant <i>ALDH2</i>*2 genotype may increase the risk of developmental delay in their offspring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 1","pages":"117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaunna L. Clark, Emily E. Hartwell, Doo-Sup Choi, John H. Krystal, Robert O. Messing, Laura B. Ferguson
This critical review summarizes the current state of omics-based biomarkers in the alcohol research field. We first provide definitions and background information on alcohol and alcohol use disorder (AUD), biomarkers, and “omic” technologies. We next summarize using (1) genetic information as risk/prognostic biomarkers for the onset of alcohol-related problems and the progression from regular drinking to problematic drinking (including AUD), (2) epigenetic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD and risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, (3) transcriptomic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD, risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, and (4) metabolomic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD, risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, and predictive biomarkers for response to acamprosate in subjects with AUD. In the final section, the clinical implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research.
{"title":"Next-generation biomarkers for alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment: A critical review","authors":"Shaunna L. Clark, Emily E. Hartwell, Doo-Sup Choi, John H. Krystal, Robert O. Messing, Laura B. Ferguson","doi":"10.1111/acer.15476","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15476","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This critical review summarizes the current state of omics-based biomarkers in the alcohol research field. We first provide definitions and background information on alcohol and alcohol use disorder (AUD), biomarkers, and “omic” technologies. We next summarize using (1) genetic information as risk/prognostic biomarkers for the onset of alcohol-related problems and the progression from regular drinking to problematic drinking (including AUD), (2) epigenetic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD and risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, (3) transcriptomic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD, risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, and (4) metabolomic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD, risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, and predictive biomarkers for response to acamprosate in subjects with AUD. In the final section, the clinical implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 1","pages":"5-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhishek Ghosh, Blessy B. George, Narayanan C. Krishnan, Renjith R. Pillai, Kathirvel Soundappan, Mamta Sharma, Anil Kumar, Debasish Basu
Background
Alcohol misuse is prevalent among college students globally, including in India. Digital screening and brief interventions (DSBI) promise to address this issue. This study assesses DSBI's effectiveness in a state-wide cluster randomized trial among college students in India.
Methods
We recruited 548 participants (274 in each DSBI and digital screening and brief advice-DSBA) from 40 colleges across 10 districts of Punjab, India. Colleges were selected via two-stage cluster random sampling and were allocated to groups using permuted block randomization. Participants with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scores between 8 and 19 were included. The digital platform directed eligible participants to their respective groups. DSBI participants received information on alcohol harms, normative and personalized feedback, a decisional balance checklist, and a menu of options. DSBA participants received screening and alcohol harm information. Follow-ups were conducted at 3- and 6-month post-intervention. Primary outcome: reduction in AUDIT scores; secondary outcomes: frequency of drinking, drinks per drinking day, and frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED).
Results
Baseline demographics and clinical variables did not significantly differ between groups, except for participants' age. 37.6% were women. Follow-up rates were 513/548 at 3 months and 483/548 at 6 months, with no group differences in attrition. AUDIT scores significantly decreased in both groups at 3 and 6 months (Time F = 1870.11, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.77), with no Group × Time effects (F = 0.160, p = 0.85). Drinking frequency, HED frequency, and drinks per drinking day decreased significantly in both groups without between-group differences.
Conclusion
The study highlights the potential policy implications of integrating brief digital interventions for alcohol misuse into educational health initiatives.
{"title":"Effectiveness of digital screening and brief intervention for alcohol misuse among college students: A state-wide cluster randomized trial from India","authors":"Abhishek Ghosh, Blessy B. George, Narayanan C. Krishnan, Renjith R. Pillai, Kathirvel Soundappan, Mamta Sharma, Anil Kumar, Debasish Basu","doi":"10.1111/acer.15485","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15485","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol misuse is prevalent among college students globally, including in India. Digital screening and brief interventions (DSBI) promise to address this issue. This study assesses DSBI's effectiveness in a state-wide cluster randomized trial among college students in India.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We recruited 548 participants (274 in each DSBI and digital screening and brief advice-DSBA) from 40 colleges across 10 districts of Punjab, India. Colleges were selected via two-stage cluster random sampling and were allocated to groups using permuted block randomization. Participants with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) scores between 8 and 19 were included. The digital platform directed eligible participants to their respective groups. DSBI participants received information on alcohol harms, normative and personalized feedback, a decisional balance checklist, and a menu of options. DSBA participants received screening and alcohol harm information. Follow-ups were conducted at 3- and 6-month post-intervention. Primary outcome: reduction in AUDIT scores; secondary outcomes: frequency of drinking, drinks per drinking day, and frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baseline demographics and clinical variables did not significantly differ between groups, except for participants' age. 37.6% were women. Follow-up rates were 513/548 at 3 months and 483/548 at 6 months, with no group differences in attrition. AUDIT scores significantly decreased in both groups at 3 and 6 months (Time <i>F</i> = 1870.11, <i>p</i> < 0.001, partial <i>η</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.77), with no Group × Time effects (<i>F</i> = 0.160, <i>p</i> = 0.85). Drinking frequency, HED frequency, and drinks per drinking day decreased significantly in both groups without between-group differences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study highlights the potential policy implications of integrating brief digital interventions for alcohol misuse into educational health initiatives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 1","pages":"205-216"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa A. Liu, Taylor Fox, Michelle Salyers, Tamika Zapolski, Melissa A. Cyders
Background
Racial discrimination has been identified as a contributing risk factor for alcohol use among racially minoritized individuals. The aims of this study were to quantify the relationship between racial discrimination and alcohol use among Asian Americans, examine gender, age and generational status as moderators, and characterize ethnic group representation across the literature.
Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and OpenDissertations. A random effects model using Pearson's r effect sizes was conducted on separate alcohol outcomes. Meta-regression analyses tested for moderating effects, and heterogeneity was examined by identifying outliers and subgroup differences. Risk of bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's regression test.
Results
Twenty-two effect sizes were extracted from 18 studies, representing 8926 participants. A significant positive association was found between racial discrimination and alcohol consumption (k = 9, r = 0.13, 95% CI = [0.07, 0.19], I2 = 80.7%, p = 0.002) and problematic alcohol use (k = 12, r = 0.27, 95% CI = [0.12, 0.40] I2 = 93.7%, p = 0.002), but not binge use (k = 3, r = 0.08, 95% CI = [−0.49, 0.60], I2 = 95.0%, p = 0.64). Age, gender, and generational status were not significant moderators (p's > 0.10). When ethnic groups were reported, Chinese Americans were most represented (36.9%), while Indian Americans were notably underrepresented (1.18%).
Conclusions
There is a small positive association between racial discrimination and alcohol consumption and problematic alcohol use among Asian Americans. Research should seek to fill gaps identified by this review, including the dearth of longitudinal work needed to establish temporal precedence, the limited understanding of racial discrimination on binge use and underrepresented ethnic groups in this field of research, and reducing heterogeneity between studies.
{"title":"A meta-analysis on racial discrimination and alcohol use among Asian Americans","authors":"Melissa A. Liu, Taylor Fox, Michelle Salyers, Tamika Zapolski, Melissa A. Cyders","doi":"10.1111/acer.15475","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15475","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Racial discrimination has been identified as a contributing risk factor for alcohol use among racially minoritized individuals. The aims of this study were to quantify the relationship between racial discrimination and alcohol use among Asian Americans, examine gender, age and generational status as moderators, and characterize ethnic group representation across the literature.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search was conducted using PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and OpenDissertations. A random effects model using Pearson's <i>r</i> effect sizes was conducted on separate alcohol outcomes. Meta-regression analyses tested for moderating effects, and heterogeneity was examined by identifying outliers and subgroup differences. Risk of bias was assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's regression test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twenty-two effect sizes were extracted from 18 studies, representing 8926 participants. A significant positive association was found between racial discrimination and alcohol consumption (<i>k</i> = 9, <i>r</i> = 0.13, 95% CI = [0.07, 0.19], <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 80.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.002) and problematic alcohol use (<i>k</i> = 12, <i>r</i> = 0.27, 95% CI = [0.12, 0.40] <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 93.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.002), but not binge use (<i>k</i> = 3, <i>r</i> = 0.08, 95% CI = [−0.49, 0.60], <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 95.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.64). Age, gender, and generational status were not significant moderators (<i>p</i>'s > 0.10). When ethnic groups were reported, Chinese Americans were most represented (36.9%), while Indian Americans were notably underrepresented (1.18%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is a small positive association between racial discrimination and alcohol consumption and problematic alcohol use among Asian Americans. Research should seek to fill gaps identified by this review, including the dearth of longitudinal work needed to establish temporal precedence, the limited understanding of racial discrimination on binge use and underrepresented ethnic groups in this field of research, and reducing heterogeneity between studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2207-2221"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant global health problem, affecting millions of individuals and resulting in substantial economic, social, and health-related burdens (Griswold et al., <span>2018</span>; Sacks et al., <span>2015</span>). Alcohol has contributed to an estimated 3.8%–5.3% of all global deaths and in 2016 it resulted in three million deaths (Global status report on alcohol and health 2018, <span>2018</span>; Rehm et al., <span>2009</span>). Chronic alcohol consumption has been associated with a wide array of adverse health outcomes, including liver cirrhosis, cardiovascular diseases, pancreatitis, various cancers, and neurological disorders (Sterling et al., <span>2020</span>). The biochemical mechanisms that are responsible for the adverse health effects are not fully understood and different modalities are recently being used to understand these (Voutilainen & Kärkkäinen, <span>2019</span>). Metabolomics, which is the comprehensive study of metabolites or small molecules involved in complex biochemical reactions in: cells, tissues, or biofluids can be an important tool to provide insight into pathophysiological processes and cellular changes in humans and has the potential to lead to the identification of biomarkers that can aid in early diagnosis or guide in treatment responses (Joshi et al., <span>2023</span>). Approaches can either be targeted (measurement of prespecified metabolites) or untargeted and techniques used include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or mass spectrometry (MS) (Joshi et al., <span>2023</span>). Metabolomics has been previously explored in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and in heavy alcohol drinkers. One study showed that urine metabolites involved in caffeine metabolism are significantly decreased in ALD patients compared with controls, correlating with the severity of liver disease (MELD) (Xu, He, et al., <span>2023</span>). Other studies have demonstrated that pathways involved in bile acid and amino acid metabolism are altered in patients with either ALD or alcohol liver cirrhosis (Xu, Hao, et al., <span>2023</span>; Xu, Vatsalya, et al., <span>2023</span>). One identified metabolite, <i>N</i>-Luaroglycine, has been shown to have 100% sensitivity and 90% negative predictive value in identifying cirrhosis in ALD patients (Suciu et al., <span>2018</span>); however, most studies have been limited to small numbers of patients and have yet to be validated in large cohorts of patients. The largest study to date is from Japan, where the authors analyzed the plasma of male chronic alcohol drinkers (<i>n</i> = 896) (Harada et al., <span>2016</span>). They identified 19 metabolites (involved in amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, and vitamin metabolism) that correlated with alcohol consumption and increased threonine and decreased levels of guanidinosuccinate and glutamine were associated with alcohol-induced liver injury (Harada et al., ).</p><p>We read with interest the recent <i>ACER<
{"title":"Uncovering the sex steroid hormone secrets in alcohol","authors":"Gian Rodriguez Franco, Christine C. Hsu","doi":"10.1111/acer.15479","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15479","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a significant global health problem, affecting millions of individuals and resulting in substantial economic, social, and health-related burdens (Griswold et al., <span>2018</span>; Sacks et al., <span>2015</span>). Alcohol has contributed to an estimated 3.8%–5.3% of all global deaths and in 2016 it resulted in three million deaths (Global status report on alcohol and health 2018, <span>2018</span>; Rehm et al., <span>2009</span>). Chronic alcohol consumption has been associated with a wide array of adverse health outcomes, including liver cirrhosis, cardiovascular diseases, pancreatitis, various cancers, and neurological disorders (Sterling et al., <span>2020</span>). The biochemical mechanisms that are responsible for the adverse health effects are not fully understood and different modalities are recently being used to understand these (Voutilainen & Kärkkäinen, <span>2019</span>). Metabolomics, which is the comprehensive study of metabolites or small molecules involved in complex biochemical reactions in: cells, tissues, or biofluids can be an important tool to provide insight into pathophysiological processes and cellular changes in humans and has the potential to lead to the identification of biomarkers that can aid in early diagnosis or guide in treatment responses (Joshi et al., <span>2023</span>). Approaches can either be targeted (measurement of prespecified metabolites) or untargeted and techniques used include nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy or mass spectrometry (MS) (Joshi et al., <span>2023</span>). Metabolomics has been previously explored in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and in heavy alcohol drinkers. One study showed that urine metabolites involved in caffeine metabolism are significantly decreased in ALD patients compared with controls, correlating with the severity of liver disease (MELD) (Xu, He, et al., <span>2023</span>). Other studies have demonstrated that pathways involved in bile acid and amino acid metabolism are altered in patients with either ALD or alcohol liver cirrhosis (Xu, Hao, et al., <span>2023</span>; Xu, Vatsalya, et al., <span>2023</span>). One identified metabolite, <i>N</i>-Luaroglycine, has been shown to have 100% sensitivity and 90% negative predictive value in identifying cirrhosis in ALD patients (Suciu et al., <span>2018</span>); however, most studies have been limited to small numbers of patients and have yet to be validated in large cohorts of patients. The largest study to date is from Japan, where the authors analyzed the plasma of male chronic alcohol drinkers (<i>n</i> = 896) (Harada et al., <span>2016</span>). They identified 19 metabolites (involved in amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, and vitamin metabolism) that correlated with alcohol consumption and increased threonine and decreased levels of guanidinosuccinate and glutamine were associated with alcohol-induced liver injury (Harada et al., ).</p><p>We read with interest the recent <i>ACER<","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 1","pages":"95-98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11740176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>Adults aged 35 to 60 are drinking at unprecedented rates, with those who binge drank in high school reporting more past 30-day high-risk drinking in midlife. And this link may be especially strong for women, according to a study just published in <i>Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research</i> Health. These trends are particularly concerning as health conditions, and biological processes common with aging put adults in midlife at greater health risk from alcohol use.</p><p>Twenty to 30 percent of all the 35- to 60-year-olds in the study reported binge drinking (four or more drinks for women, five for men), and one out of ten reported high-intensity drinking—having eight to ten drinks in one sitting. Compared to people who did not binge drink in high school, people in the study who binge drank at age 18 had higher rates of alcohol use on a range of alcohol use measures—typical number of drinks, maximum number of drinks, number of binge drinking episodes and number of high-intensity drinking episodes. For example, among those who didn't binge at age 18, only 20% reported binge drinking in midlife compared with 40% among those who did binge at age 18.</p><p>Alcohol use is one of the biggest contributors to illness and death for all adults, and alcohol use conveys even more risk for adults in midlife. Decreases in muscle mass and metabolism that are a part of the aging process may inhibit the body's ability to process alcohol. People at this age more commonly have health conditions that are made worse by heavier drinking, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.</p><p>While men drank more than women on all measures, the association between binge drinking in high school and high-intensity drinking in midlife was stronger for women. Women who reported binge drinking at age 18 were three times more likely to report high-intensity drinking in midlife; men were twice as likely to report high-intensity drinking if they binge drank at age 18. The researchers noted that alcohol use among women in midlife has risen steadily in recent years, while alcohol use among men has not.</p><p>Age and race/ethnicity were associated with drinking behaviors. Although alcohol use declined with age, still, one in five 60-year-olds reported binge drinking. And the link between high school binge drinking and maximum drinks was stronger at age 60 than at age 35. White participants reported higher typical and maximum drinks than other racial or ethnic groups. Previous studies have found that non-White drinkers may experience greater adverse outcomes from alcohol use, despite their lower rates of alcohol use frequency, quantity, and alcohol use disorder compared to whites.</p><p>For the study, researchers examined data from more than 5000 surveys of adults aged 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 who have been participating in a national longitudinal study since twelfth grade to understand whether there were long-term connections between bing
{"title":"Articles of Public Interest","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/acer.15480","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15480","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adults aged 35 to 60 are drinking at unprecedented rates, with those who binge drank in high school reporting more past 30-day high-risk drinking in midlife. And this link may be especially strong for women, according to a study just published in <i>Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research</i> Health. These trends are particularly concerning as health conditions, and biological processes common with aging put adults in midlife at greater health risk from alcohol use.</p><p>Twenty to 30 percent of all the 35- to 60-year-olds in the study reported binge drinking (four or more drinks for women, five for men), and one out of ten reported high-intensity drinking—having eight to ten drinks in one sitting. Compared to people who did not binge drink in high school, people in the study who binge drank at age 18 had higher rates of alcohol use on a range of alcohol use measures—typical number of drinks, maximum number of drinks, number of binge drinking episodes and number of high-intensity drinking episodes. For example, among those who didn't binge at age 18, only 20% reported binge drinking in midlife compared with 40% among those who did binge at age 18.</p><p>Alcohol use is one of the biggest contributors to illness and death for all adults, and alcohol use conveys even more risk for adults in midlife. Decreases in muscle mass and metabolism that are a part of the aging process may inhibit the body's ability to process alcohol. People at this age more commonly have health conditions that are made worse by heavier drinking, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis.</p><p>While men drank more than women on all measures, the association between binge drinking in high school and high-intensity drinking in midlife was stronger for women. Women who reported binge drinking at age 18 were three times more likely to report high-intensity drinking in midlife; men were twice as likely to report high-intensity drinking if they binge drank at age 18. The researchers noted that alcohol use among women in midlife has risen steadily in recent years, while alcohol use among men has not.</p><p>Age and race/ethnicity were associated with drinking behaviors. Although alcohol use declined with age, still, one in five 60-year-olds reported binge drinking. And the link between high school binge drinking and maximum drinks was stronger at age 60 than at age 35. White participants reported higher typical and maximum drinks than other racial or ethnic groups. Previous studies have found that non-White drinkers may experience greater adverse outcomes from alcohol use, despite their lower rates of alcohol use frequency, quantity, and alcohol use disorder compared to whites.</p><p>For the study, researchers examined data from more than 5000 surveys of adults aged 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 who have been participating in a national longitudinal study since twelfth grade to understand whether there were long-term connections between bing","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 11","pages":"1994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.15480","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Santa Claus, the Tooth Fairy, and purported lifetime nondrinkers: Ramifications for observational evidence about alcohol and health","authors":"Timothy S. Naimi, Tanya Chikritzhs","doi":"10.1111/acer.15478","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 1","pages":"92-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergio A. De La Torre, Brittney Ibrahim, Katherine Meneses, Sammy Saab, Akshay Shetty
Background
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is the leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States. The aim of this study was to describe the impact of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in the surveillance for alcohol use after liver transplantation.
Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective study to assess the impact of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) for the surveillance of alcohol use and its correlation to health outcomes. We compared orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients for ALD transplanted between 2016 and 2018, before the introduction of PEth, to those transplanted between 2019 and 2022, after the introduction of PEth. Alcohol relapse versus nonrelapse cohorts were also compared. Follow-up time for all cohorts was limited to 3 years post-OLT. Continuous variables were analyzed with an independent t-test and categorical variables with Fischer's exact test and chi-square test. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to assess alcohol-free survival.
Results
We reviewed 263 patients who were transplanted for ALD; 46 (17.5%) patients were noted to have at least one episode of alcohol relapse after their transplant. Patients with alcohol relapse had more frequent episodes of elevated liver enzymes compared with nonrelapsed patients (4.35 episodes vs. 2.46 episodes respectively, p < 0.001). The number of hospitalizations was also noted to be elevated among relapsed versus nonrelapsed patients; however, this was not statistically significant (2.85 vs. 2.50 respectively, p = 0.307). When comparing relapse rates before and after the introduction of PEth, relapses were notably detected more frequently after the introduction of PEth (17% vs. 7%, p = 0.012). No difference was noted in rates of mortality between patients who did or did not relapse.
Conclusions
Overall, PEth is an effective surveillance tool in the postliver transplant population to monitor for alcohol relapse. Early detection of relapse can lead to opportunities for early intervention to avoid alcohol-related complications.
{"title":"Impact of phosphatidylethanol in the surveillance for alcohol use in post-liver transplant population: A retrospective study","authors":"Sergio A. De La Torre, Brittney Ibrahim, Katherine Meneses, Sammy Saab, Akshay Shetty","doi":"10.1111/acer.15474","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15474","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is the leading indication for liver transplantation in the United States. The aim of this study was to describe the impact of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in the surveillance for alcohol use after liver transplantation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a single-center retrospective study to assess the impact of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) for the surveillance of alcohol use and its correlation to health outcomes. We compared orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) recipients for ALD transplanted between 2016 and 2018, before the introduction of PEth, to those transplanted between 2019 and 2022, after the introduction of PEth. Alcohol relapse versus nonrelapse cohorts were also compared. Follow-up time for all cohorts was limited to 3 years post-OLT. Continuous variables were analyzed with an independent <i>t</i>-test and categorical variables with Fischer's exact test and chi-square test. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to assess alcohol-free survival.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We reviewed 263 patients who were transplanted for ALD; 46 (17.5%) patients were noted to have at least one episode of alcohol relapse after their transplant. Patients with alcohol relapse had more frequent episodes of elevated liver enzymes compared with nonrelapsed patients (4.35 episodes vs. 2.46 episodes respectively, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The number of hospitalizations was also noted to be elevated among relapsed versus nonrelapsed patients; however, this was not statistically significant (2.85 vs. 2.50 respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.307). When comparing relapse rates before and after the introduction of PEth, relapses were notably detected more frequently after the introduction of PEth (17% vs. 7%, <i>p</i> = 0.012). No difference was noted in rates of mortality between patients who did or did not relapse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, PEth is an effective surveillance tool in the postliver transplant population to monitor for alcohol relapse. Early detection of relapse can lead to opportunities for early intervention to avoid alcohol-related complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2404-2411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11629445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hsuan Megan Tsao, Ming-Chyi Huang, Tung-Hsia Liu, Hu-Ming Chang, Ren-Hua Chung, Hsiang-Wei Kuo, Andrew C. H. Chen, Rong-Sen Yang, Yu-Li Liu
Background
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with imbalanced bone turnover and psychological symptoms, but the relationship between bone and brain remains unclear. The study analyzed serum levels of a bone formation marker, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and bone resorption marker, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1), in AUD patients before and after 2 weeks of alcohol withdrawal and investigated their correlation with psychological symptoms.
Methods
Ninety patients with AUD and 117 healthy controls were recruited. P1NP and CTX-1 levels were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were assessed in the AUD group at baseline, week 1, and week 2 of withdrawal.
Results
Baseline CTX-1 levels, along with the CTX-1/P1NP and P1NP/CTX-1 ratio, were higher in the AUD group than controls. Over the 2-week withdrawal, PACS, BDI, and BAI scores demonstrated significant reductions. P1NP (p < 0.001) and P1NP/CTX-1 ratio increased (p < 0.001), while CTX-1/P1NP ratio decreased (p < 0.001), indicating a propensity toward bone formation. Univariate analysis revealed that reductions in PACS, BDI, and BAI scores during withdrawal correlated with increased P1NP levels and decreased CTX-1/P1NP ratios. However, multivariate analysis indicated that only PACS score reductions correlated with these changes.
Conclusions
Bone metabolism shifted toward increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption during 2-week alcohol withdrawal. The correlation between improvements in bone turnover markers and reduction in craving scores during withdrawal supports the concept of the bone-brain axis.
{"title":"Association of bone turnover markers and craving reduction in patients with alcohol use disorder during withdrawal: Exploring the role of bone-brain axis","authors":"Hsuan Megan Tsao, Ming-Chyi Huang, Tung-Hsia Liu, Hu-Ming Chang, Ren-Hua Chung, Hsiang-Wei Kuo, Andrew C. H. Chen, Rong-Sen Yang, Yu-Li Liu","doi":"10.1111/acer.15472","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15472","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with imbalanced bone turnover and psychological symptoms, but the relationship between bone and brain remains unclear. The study analyzed serum levels of a bone formation marker, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and bone resorption marker, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1), in AUD patients before and after 2 weeks of alcohol withdrawal and investigated their correlation with psychological symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ninety patients with AUD and 117 healthy controls were recruited. P1NP and CTX-1 levels were measured using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were assessed in the AUD group at baseline, week 1, and week 2 of withdrawal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Baseline CTX-1 levels, along with the CTX-1/P1NP and P1NP/CTX-1 ratio, were higher in the AUD group than controls. Over the 2-week withdrawal, PACS, BDI, and BAI scores demonstrated significant reductions. P1NP (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and P1NP/CTX-1 ratio increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while CTX-1/P1NP ratio decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating a propensity toward bone formation. Univariate analysis revealed that reductions in PACS, BDI, and BAI scores during withdrawal correlated with increased P1NP levels and decreased CTX-1/P1NP ratios. However, multivariate analysis indicated that only PACS score reductions correlated with these changes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bone metabolism shifted toward increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption during 2-week alcohol withdrawal. The correlation between improvements in bone turnover markers and reduction in craving scores during withdrawal supports the concept of the bone-brain axis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2294-2302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rivkah Hornbacher, Brian J. Gully, Zoe E. Brown, Joshua C. Brown, Molly Magill, Patricia A. Cioe, Robert M. Swift, Pietro Paolo Sanna, Carolina L. Haass-Koffler
Background
This study shows the first evidence for pannexin 1 channels as a new target to develop medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Due to its history of long-term safe clinical use and preclinical evidence of reducing excessive alcohol intake in rodents, probenecid has clinical potential for AUD.
Methods
We conducted a Phase I/IIa randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial investigating the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of an oral dose of probenecid (2 g) when administered with alcohol (0.08 g/dL) in individuals who regularly consume alcohol to the 0.08 g/dL level (N = 35) and in individuals with mild to severe AUD. Alcohol pharmacokinetics and subjective responses were evaluated to assess potential interactions between probenecid and alcohol. Alcohol craving, inflammatory biomarkers, cognitive assessments, and hemodynamics were assessed as additional alcohol research domains. All outcomes were assessed both in the ascending and descending limb of alcohol intoxication using Generalized Estimating Equation.
Results
Probenecid did not exert any significant effect on alcohol pharmacokinetics and did not affect alcohol stimulation or sedation. Probenecid, compared to placebo, significantly decreased alcohol craving during the alcohol ascending limb. Inflammatory biomarkers, cognitive performance following alcohol ingestion, and hemodynamics were likewise not affected by probenecid administration. Analysis of sex as a biological variable revealed no differences of probenecid compared to placebo.
Conclusions
Taken together, our data support the potential of probenecid for treatment of AUD and suggest that pannexin 1 channels represent a novel emerging therapeutic target for the development of new pharmacotherapies for treating AUD.
{"title":"Probenecid as a pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder: A randomized placebo-controlled alcohol interaction trial","authors":"Rivkah Hornbacher, Brian J. Gully, Zoe E. Brown, Joshua C. Brown, Molly Magill, Patricia A. Cioe, Robert M. Swift, Pietro Paolo Sanna, Carolina L. Haass-Koffler","doi":"10.1111/acer.15470","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.15470","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study shows the first evidence for pannexin 1 channels as a new target to develop medications for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Due to its history of long-term safe clinical use and preclinical evidence of reducing excessive alcohol intake in rodents, probenecid has clinical potential for AUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a Phase I/IIa randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial investigating the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of an oral dose of probenecid (2 g) when administered with alcohol (0.08 g/dL) in individuals who regularly consume alcohol to the 0.08 g/dL level (<i>N</i> = 35) and in individuals with mild to severe AUD. Alcohol pharmacokinetics and subjective responses were evaluated to assess potential interactions between probenecid and alcohol. Alcohol craving, inflammatory biomarkers, cognitive assessments, and hemodynamics were assessed as additional alcohol research domains. All outcomes were assessed both in the ascending and descending limb of alcohol intoxication using Generalized Estimating Equation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Probenecid did not exert any significant effect on alcohol pharmacokinetics and did not affect alcohol stimulation or sedation. Probenecid, compared to placebo, significantly decreased alcohol craving during the alcohol ascending limb. Inflammatory biomarkers, cognitive performance following alcohol ingestion, and hemodynamics were likewise not affected by probenecid administration. Analysis of sex as a biological variable revealed no differences of probenecid compared to placebo.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Taken together, our data support the potential of probenecid for treatment of AUD and suggest that pannexin 1 channels represent a novel emerging therapeutic target for the development of new pharmacotherapies for treating AUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"48 12","pages":"2391-2403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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