Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)最新文献_第6页

Examining early adherence measures as predictors of subsequent adherence in an intensive longitudinal study of individuals in mutual help groups: One day at a time 在一项针对互助小组成员的深入纵向研究中，研究早期坚持治疗的措施对后续坚持治疗的预测作用：一天一次

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15385

Matison W. McCool, Frank J. Schwebel, Matthew R. Pearson, J. Scott Tonigan

Background

Individuals with a substance use disorder complete ecological momentary assessments (EMA) at lower rates than community samples. Previous research in tobacco users indicates that early log-in counts to smoking cessation websites predicted subsequent smoking cessation website usage. We extended this line of research to examine individuals who are seeking to change their drinking behaviors through mutual support groups. We examined whether adherence in the first 7 days (1487 observations) of an intensive longitudinal study design could predict subsequent EMA protocol adherence (50% and 80% adherence separately) at 30 (5700 observations) and 60 days (10,750 observations).

Methods

Participants (n = 132) attending mutual-help groups for alcohol use completed two assessments per day for 6 months. We trained four classification models (logistic regression, recursive partitioning, support vector machines, and neural networks) using a training dataset (80% of the data) with each of the first 7 days' cumulative EMA assessment completion. We then tested these models to predict the remaining 20% of the data and evaluated model classification accuracy. We also used univariate receiver operating characteristic curves to examine the minimal combination of days and completion percentage to best predict subsequent adherence.

Results

Different modeling techniques can be used with early assessment completion as predictors to accurately classify individuals that will meet minimal and optimal adherence rates later in the study. Models ranged in their performance from poor to outstanding classification, with no single model clearly outperforming other models.

Conclusions

Traditional and machine learning approaches can be used concurrently to examine several methods of predicting EMA adherence based on early assessment completion. Future studies could investigate the use of several algorithms in real time to help improve participant adherence rates by monitoring early adherence and using early assessment completion as features in predictive modeling.

背景：药物使用障碍患者完成生态瞬间评估（EMA）的比率低于社区样本。以前对烟草使用者的研究表明，戒烟网站的早期登录次数可预测戒烟网站的后续使用情况。我们将这一研究思路延伸到了通过互助小组寻求改变饮酒行为的人身上。我们研究了强化纵向研究设计的前 7 天（1487 次观察）的依从性能否预测随后 30 天（5700 次观察）和 60 天（10750 次观察）的 EMA 方案依从性（分别为 50%和 80% 的依从性）：参加酗酒互助小组的参与者（n = 132）在 6 个月内每天完成两次评估。我们使用训练数据集（80% 的数据）训练了四个分类模型（逻辑回归、递归分割、支持向量机和神经网络），每个模型都包含前 7 天累计 EMA 评估的完成情况。然后，我们对这些模型进行了测试，以预测剩余 20% 的数据，并评估了模型分类的准确性。我们还使用单变量接收者操作特征曲线来研究最能预测后续依从性的天数和完成百分比的最小组合：结果：不同的建模技术可用于早期评估完成情况的预测，以准确地对研究后期达到最低和最佳依从率的个体进行分类。模型的表现从较差到出色不等，没有一个模型明显优于其他模型：结论：传统方法和机器学习方法可同时用于研究根据早期评估完成情况预测 EMA 依从性的几种方法。未来的研究可以调查几种算法的实时使用情况，通过监测早期依从性并将早期评估完成情况作为预测模型的特征，帮助提高参与者的依从率。

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引用次数: 0

Psychometric validation of the Positive Drinking Consequences Questionnaire in adolescents 青少年积极饮酒后果问卷的心理测量验证。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-10 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15387

Mingyeong Lee, Emma S. Schillinger, Michelle J. Zaso, Aesoon Park, Jueun Kim

Background

The Positive Drinking Consequences Questionnaire (PDCQ) was developed to measure positive consequences of alcohol use endorsed by college drinkers. Efforts to assess positive drinking consequences experienced by adolescents have been much more limited. The aim of the present study was to advance the psychometric testing and evaluation of the factor structure of the PDCQ in adolescents.

Methods

The current sample consisted of 173 adolescents at T1 (mean age = 15 years, range = 13–17; 61% female) who reported alcohol use in the past 12 months. Data were collected at two time points over a 12-month interval in the United States. Confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and discriminant, concurrent, predictive, and incremental validity were tested.

Results

Our analyses supported four factors of positive alcohol-related consequences: sociability, liquid courage, sexual enhancement, and tension reduction. Internal consistency was moderate to high (α = 0.78–0.94, ω = 0.86–0.91 at T1; α = 0.59–0.93, ω = 0.85–0.93 at T2). Test–retest reliability was fair to good (ICC = 0.46–0.55). The PDCQ total and subscale factor scores demonstrated discriminant validity from negative alcohol expectancy. PDCQ total and subscale factor scores were positively associated with current alcohol consumption (ρs = 0.19–0.50 at T1; ρs = 0.17–0.46 at T2), indicating concurrent validity. Predictive validity analyses showed that the overall PDCQ scale score and the sociability subscale positively predicted maximum drinks 1 year later (ρs = 0.18–0.22). However, the sexual enhancement subscale was negatively predictive of typical drinking frequency 1 year later. Finally, the PDCQ showed incremental validity for concurrent alcohol consumption beyond that for alcohol expectancies and drinking motives.

Conclusion

The present findings support for the reliability and validity of PDCQ for use in adolescents where it may have utility as an assessment tool for characterizing various aspects of positive drinking.

背景：积极饮酒后果问卷（PDCQ）是为了测量大学生饮酒者认可的积极饮酒后果而开发的。对青少年经历的积极饮酒后果进行评估的工作还非常有限。本研究旨在对青少年的 PDCQ 进行心理测试和因素结构评估：目前的样本包括 173 名 T1 阶段的青少年（平均年龄 = 15 岁，年龄范围 = 13-17 岁；61% 为女性），他们均报告在过去 12 个月中饮酒。数据是在美国12个月内的两个时间点收集的。我们对确认性因子分析、内部一致性、测试-重测可靠性以及判别效度、并发效度、预测效度和递增效度进行了测试：我们的分析支持四个与酒精相关的积极后果因子：交际能力、液体勇气、性欲增强和缓解紧张。内部一致性为中高水平（T1：α=0.78-0.94，ω=0.86-0.91；T2：α=0.59-0.93，ω=0.85-0.93）。测试-重测信度为一般至良好（ICC = 0.46-0.55）。PDCQ 总分和分量表因子得分与负性酒精预期具有判别效度。PDCQ 总分和分量表因子分与当前饮酒量呈正相关（T1 时，ρs = 0.19-0.50；T2 时，ρs = 0.17-0.46），显示了并发效度。预测效度分析表明，PDCQ 量表总分和交际能力分量表对 1 年后的最大饮酒量有正向预测作用（ρs = 0.18-0.22）。然而，性欲增强分量表对一年后的典型饮酒频率具有负向预测作用。最后，PDCQ对同时饮酒的效度增加，超过了对酒精预期和饮酒动机的效度：本研究结果证明了 PDCQ 在青少年中使用的可靠性和有效性，它可以作为一种评估工具来描述积极饮酒的各个方面。

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引用次数: 0

Developmental ethanol exposure produces deficits in long-term potentiation in vivo that persist following postnatal choline supplementation 发育过程中暴露于乙醇会导致体内长期电位性缺陷，这种缺陷在出生后补充胆碱后仍会持续。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15384

A. K. Titterness, E. L. Gräfe, C. Acosta, C. Rodriguez, J. D. Thomas, B. R. Christie

Background

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one of the leading causes of neurodevelopmental disorder for which there is a pressing need for an effective treatment. Recent studies have investigated the essential nutrient choline as a postnatal treatment option. Supplementation with choline has produced improvements in behavioral tasks related to learning and memory and reverted changes in methylation signature following third-trimester equivalent ethanol exposure. We examined whether there are related improvements in hippocampal synaptic plasticity in vivo.

Methods

Sprague–Dawley offspring were administered binge-levels of ethanol from postnatal day (PND) 4 to 9, then treated with choline chloride (100 mg/kg/day) from PND 10 to 30. In vivo electrophysiology was performed on male and female offspring from PND 55 to 70. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced in the medial perforant pathway of the dentate gyrus using a theta-burst stimulation (TBS) protocol, and field-evoked postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were evoked for 60 min following the conditioning stimulus.

Results

Developmental ethanol exposure caused long-lasting deficits in LTP of the slope of the evoked responses and in the amplitude of the population spike potentiation. Neither deficit was rescued by postnatal choline supplementation.

Conclusions

In contrast to our prior findings that choline can improve hippocampal plasticity (Nutrients, 2022, 14, 2004), here we found that deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity due to developmental ethanol exposure persisted into adulthood despite adolescent choline supplementation. Future research should examine more subtle changes in synaptic plasticity to identify synaptic changes that mirror behavioral improvements.

背景：胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）是导致神经发育障碍的主要原因之一，目前迫切需要一种有效的治疗方法。最近的研究将必需营养素胆碱作为一种产后治疗方案进行了调查。补充胆碱可改善与学习和记忆有关的行为任务，并逆转第三胎等量乙醇暴露后甲基化特征的变化。我们研究了体内海马突触可塑性是否有相关改善：方法：从出生后第 4 天到第 9 天，给 Sprague-Dawley 后代狂饮乙醇，然后从出生后第 10 天到第 30 天用氯化胆碱（100 毫克/千克/天）治疗。对出生后第55至70天的雌雄后代进行了体内电生理学研究。使用θ-脉冲刺激（TBS）方案诱导齿状回内侧穿孔通路的长期电位（LTP），并在条件刺激后 60 分钟诱发场诱发突触后电位（EPSPs）：结果：发育期乙醇暴露会导致诱发反应斜率的 LTP 和群体尖峰电位振幅的长期缺陷。结果：发育期乙醇暴露会导致诱发反应斜率的 LTP 和群体尖峰电位的振幅出现持久性缺陷，而出生后胆碱的补充都无法挽救这两种缺陷：结论：与我们之前关于胆碱可改善海马可塑性的研究结果（《营养素》，2022 年，14 期，2004 年）不同的是，我们在这里发现，尽管青少年时期补充了胆碱，但由于发育过程中暴露于乙醇而导致的海马突触可塑性缺陷一直持续到成年期。未来的研究应该检查突触可塑性更微妙的变化，以确定反映行为改善的突触变化。

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引用次数: 0

Tackling addictive behaviors through memory suppression: A scoping review and perspective 通过记忆抑制解决成瘾行为：范围回顾与展望。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15381

Natália Alexandra de Almeida-Antunes, Adriana Conceição Soares Sampaio, Manuel Alberto Barreiro Crego, Eduardo Guillermo López-Caneda

Forgetting is often viewed as a human frailty. However, over the years, it has been considered an adaptive process that allows people to avoid retrieval of undesirable memories, preventing them from suffering and discomfort. Evidence shows that the ability to suppress memories is affected by several psychopathological conditions characterized by persistent unwanted thoughts, including anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorders. Nevertheless, memory suppression (MS) mechanisms in addiction—a clinical condition characterized by recurrent drug-related thoughts that contribute to repeated drug use—have received little attention so far. Addiction theories reveal that drugs change behavior by working on memory systems, particularly on declarative memory, which is related to the retrieval and encoding of drug-related memories. In this review, the main behavioral and neurofunctional findings concerning the Think/No-Think task—an adaptation of the classical Go/No-Go tasks typically used to evaluate the suppression of motor response—are presented. We then show how the memory system can be involved in the craving or anticipation/preoccupation stage of the addiction cycle. Subsequently, the study of MS in the context of addictive behaviors is highlighted as a promising approach for gaining knowledge about the mechanisms contributing to the continuation of addiction. Finally, we discuss how interventions aiming to strengthen this ability could impact the anticipation/preoccupation stage by (i) reducing the accessibility of drug-related memories, (ii) decreasing craving and attention toward drug-related stimuli, and (iii) improving overall inhibition abilities. In conclusion, this review aims to illustrate how the study of MS may be a valuable approach to enhance our understanding of substance use disorders by unveiling the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms involved, which could have important implications for addiction treatment.

遗忘通常被视为人类的弱点。然而，多年来，人们一直认为遗忘是一种适应过程，它可以让人们避免重新拾起不想要的记忆，从而避免痛苦和不适。有证据表明，抑制记忆的能力会受到几种以持续产生不想要的想法为特征的精神病理学状况的影响，包括焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍。然而，记忆抑制（MS）机制在成瘾（一种以反复出现与毒品有关的想法并导致重复使用毒品为特征的临床病症）中的应用迄今为止还很少受到关注。成瘾理论揭示，药物通过作用于记忆系统来改变行为，特别是与药物相关记忆的检索和编码有关的陈述性记忆。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍有关 "思考/不思考 "任务的主要行为和神经功能研究结果。"思考/不思考 "任务是对经典的 "走/不走 "任务的改编，通常用于评估运动反应的抑制。然后，我们展示了记忆系统如何参与成瘾周期的渴求或预期/先入为主阶段。随后，我们强调了在成瘾行为的背景下研究 MS 是一种很有前途的方法，有助于了解成瘾持续的机制。最后，我们讨论了旨在加强这种能力的干预措施如何通过（i）减少毒品相关记忆的可及性，（ii）减少对毒品相关刺激的渴求和关注，以及（iii）提高整体抑制能力来影响预期/妄想阶段。总之，本综述旨在说明多发性硬化症的研究如何通过揭示相关的认知和神经机制，成为增进我们对药物使用障碍的了解的一种有价值的方法，从而对成瘾治疗产生重要影响。

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引用次数: 0

Bilateral insular cortical lesions reduce sensitivity to the adverse consequences of acute ethanol intoxication in Pavlovian conditioning procedures 双侧岛叶皮质病变会降低巴甫洛夫条件反射过程中对急性乙醇中毒不良后果的敏感性。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15383

Ashmita Mukherjee, Elizabeth A. Gilles-Thomas, Hay Young Kwok, Cerissa E. Shorter, Kajol V. Sontate, Shannon L. McSain, Sarah C. Honeycutt, Gregory C. Loney

Background

Sensitivity to the adverse post-ingestive effects of ethanol likely serves as a deterrent to initiate alcohol consumption early in drinking and later may contribute to efforts to remain abstinent. Administering ethanol to naïve rats prior to Pavlovian conditioning procedures elicits robust ethanol-conditioned taste and place avoidance (CTA; CPA) mediated by its subjective interoceptive properties. The insular cortex (IC) has been implicated as a region involved in mediating sensitivity to the interoceptive properties of ethanol. Here, we examined whether bilateral lesions of the IC affect the acquisition and expression of taste and place avoidance in ethanol-induced CTA and CPA paradigms.

Methods

Adult male and female Wistar rats received bilateral excitotoxic lesions (ibotenic acid; 20 mg/mL; 0.3 μL) of the IC prior to conditioning procedures. Subsequently, rats were conditioned to associate a novel taste stimulus (0.1% saccharin) and context with the effects of ethanol (1.0 g/kg) in a combined CTA/CPP procedure. Conditioning occurred over 8 alternating CS+/CS− days, followed by tests for expression of taste and place preferences. Data from IC-lesioned rats were compared with neurologically intact rats.

Results

Our findings revealed that neurologically intact rats showed a significantly stronger ethanol-induced CTA than IC-lesioned rats. There were no significant differences in total fluid intake when rats consumed water (CS−). As with CTA effects, intact rats showed a strong CPA, marked by a greater reduction in time spent on the drug-paired context, while IC-lesioned rats failed to display CPA to ethanol.

Conclusion

These results indicate that proper IC functioning is necessary for responding to the adverse interoceptive properties of ethanol regardless of which Pavlovian paradigm is used to assess interoceptive responsivity to ethanol. Blunted IC functioning from chronic ethanol use may reduce interoceptive signaling specifically of ethanol's adverse effects thus contributing to increased alcohol use.

背景：对乙醇后胃肠道不良反应的敏感性可能会在饮酒初期对开始饮酒起到威慑作用，并在以后有助于戒酒。在巴甫洛夫条件反射程序之前给未饮酒的大鼠注射乙醇会引起强烈的乙醇条件反射味觉和位置回避（CTA；CPA），这种回避是由乙醇的主观感觉特性介导的。岛叶皮层（IC）被认为是介导对乙醇间感觉特性敏感性的一个区域。在此，我们研究了双侧 IC 损伤是否会影响乙醇诱导的 CTA 和 CPA 范式中味觉和位置回避的获得和表达：方法：成年雄性和雌性 Wistar 大鼠在条件反射程序之前接受了 IC 双侧兴奋毒性损伤（20 毫克/毫升；0.3 μL）。随后，在 CTA/CPP 组合程序中，大鼠会将新的味觉刺激（0.1% 糖精）和乙醇（1.0 g/kg）的影响联系起来。在 CS+/CS- 交替进行的 8 天中进行条件反射，然后测试味觉和地点偏好的表达。将IC缺损大鼠的数据与神经系统完整大鼠的数据进行了比较：结果：我们的研究结果表明，神经系统完好的大鼠表现出的乙醇诱导 CTA 明显强于 IC 病变大鼠。当大鼠喝水（CS-）时，总液体摄入量没有明显差异。与 CTA 效应一样，完整的大鼠表现出较强的 CPA，其特点是在药物配对的情境中花费的时间减少较多，而 IC 缺损的大鼠未能表现出对乙醇的 CPA：这些结果表明，无论使用哪种巴甫洛夫范式来评估大鼠对乙醇的互感反应性，正常的 IC 功能都是对乙醇的不良互感特性做出反应的必要条件。长期使用乙醇导致的集成电路功能减退可能会降低对乙醇不良影响的感知间信号传递，从而导致酗酒现象的增加。

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引用次数: 0

Infection burden and ALDH2 rs671: East Asian genetic diversity 感染负担与 ALDH2 rs671：东亚遗传多样性。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15380

Akiko Matsumoto

引用次数: 0

Correspondence between the alcohol-P3 event-related potential and alcohol reward phenotypes among young adults 青少年酒精-P3 事件相关电位与酒精奖赏表型之间的对应关系。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15377

Samuel F. Acuff, Roberto U. Cofresí, Austin Varner, Ashley A. Dennhardt, Jeffrey J. Sable, Bruce D. Bartholow, James MacKillop, James G. Murphy

Background

Behavioral economic theory suggests that the value of alcohol depends upon elements of the choice context, such that increasing constraints on alternatives (e.g., price) or increasing the benefits of alcohol (e.g., social context) may result in greater likelihood of heavy drinking. The P3 event-related potential elicited by alcohol-related cues, a proposed marker of incentive salience, may be an electrophysiological parallel for behavioral economic alcohol demand. However, these indices have not been connected in prior research, and studies typically do not disaggregate social influences in the context of alcohol cue reactivity.

Method

The current study recruited heavy drinking young adults (N = 81) who completed measures of alcohol use and alcohol demand, in addition to a 2 (social/nonsocial) × 2 (alcohol/nonalcohol) visual oddball task to elicit the P3.

Results

In multilevel models controlling for demographic characteristics, P3 reactivity was greater to alcohol (p < 0.001) and social (p < 0.001) cues than to nonalcohol and nonsocial cues, but without a significant interaction. Higher alcohol consumption (p = 0.02) and lower elasticity of demand (p = 0.01) were associated with greater P3 response to alcohol than nonalcohol cues.

Conclusions

The results highlight a brain-behavior connection that may be an important marker for alcohol reward across units of analysis and may be sensitive to changes in the economic choice contexts that influence the likelihood of alcohol use.

背景：行为经济学理论认为，酒精的价值取决于选择环境的要素，因此增加对替代品的限制（如价格）或增加酒精的益处（如社会环境）可能会导致大量饮酒的可能性增加。酒精相关线索引起的 P3 事件相关电位是激励显著性的一个拟议标记，可能是行为经济酒精需求的电生理平行指标。然而，以往的研究并未将这些指标联系起来，而且研究通常不会将社会影响因素与酒精线索反应性联系起来：本研究招募了大量饮酒的年轻人（81 人），他们除了完成 2（社交/非社交）×2（酒精/非酒精）视觉怪球任务以激发 P3 之外，还完成了酒精使用和酒精需求的测量：结果：在控制人口统计学特征的多层次模型中，P3 对酒精的反应性更强（p 结论：P3 对酒精的反应性更强：这些结果凸显了大脑与行为之间的联系，这种联系可能是跨分析单位的酒精奖赏的重要标志，并可能对影响饮酒可能性的经济选择环境的变化敏感。

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引用次数: 0

Drinking patterns among US men and women: Racial and ethnic differences from adolescence to early midlife 美国男性和女性的饮酒模式：从青春期到中年早期的种族和民族差异。

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15308

Christina C. Tam, Libo Li, Camillia K. Lui, Won Kim Cook

Background

Drinking patterns among young adult men and women in the United States have been understudied, especially among racial and ethnic groups such as Asian Americans and Hispanics. Because alcohol-related racial and ethnic health disparities persist or increase in midlife, identifying peak ages of hazardous drinking could help to reduce disparities.

Methods

We used the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine: (1) past 12-month heavy episodic drinking (HED) and total alcohol volume consumption among non-Hispanic White (NHW), Black, Hispanic, and Asian men and women from ages 12 through 41, and (2) age-varying associations of race and ethnicity with drinking. Hispanic and Asian ethnic groups were disaggregated by historical drinking patterns. Time-varying effect models accounted for major demographic confounders.

Results

NHW men and women experienced elevated drinking rates in their early 20s, with a second elevation in their 30s. Black men and women did not have elevated drinking until their 30s. Among Hispanic men and women, peak drinking periods varied by gender and subgroup drinking pattern. Peak HED and total consumption emerged in the early 30s for Asian men, while peak HED occurred in the early 20s for Asian women. Drinking at certain ages for some racial and ethnic minoritized men and women did not differ from that in their NHW counterparts.

Conclusions

Age periods during which subgroups in the U.S. population experience elevated alcohol consumption vary by ethnicity and gender. Recognition of these group differences could enhance our understanding of intervention timing.

背景：美国年轻成年男女的饮酒模式一直未得到充分研究，尤其是亚裔美国人和西班牙裔美国人等种族和民族群体。由于与酒精相关的种族和民族健康差异在中年时期持续存在或加剧，因此确定危险饮酒的高峰年龄有助于减少差异：我们利用 "全国青少年到成人健康纵向研究"（National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health）调查了：（1）非西班牙裔白人（NHW）、黑人、西班牙裔和亚裔男性和女性从 12 岁到 41 岁过去 12 个月的大量偶发性饮酒（HED）和饮酒总量，以及（2）种族和民族与饮酒的年龄关联。西班牙裔和亚裔群体按历史饮酒模式进行分类。时变效应模型考虑了主要的人口混杂因素：结果：非华裔男性和女性的饮酒率在 20 岁出头时有所上升，在 30 岁时再次上升。黑人男性和女性的饮酒率直到 30 多岁才有所上升。在西班牙裔男性和女性中，饮酒高峰期因性别和亚群体饮酒模式而异。亚裔男性的高饮酒量和总饮酒量高峰出现在30岁出头，而亚裔女性的高饮酒量高峰出现在20岁出头。一些少数种族和民族的男性和女性在某些年龄段的饮酒量与他们的非高危人群并无差异：结论：美国人口中不同种族和性别的亚群体饮酒量增加的年龄段各不相同。认识到这些群体差异可以加深我们对干预时机的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment is associated with both recent and chronic alcohol misuse in people with HIV: The New Orleans alcohol use in HIV (NOAH) study 中度至重度认知障碍与艾滋病病毒感染者近期和长期酗酒有关：新奥尔良艾滋病患者饮酒（NOAH）研究。

IF 3 Q2 SUBSTANCE ABUSE

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15378

Taylor Fitzpatrick-Schmidt, Evrim Oral, David A. Welsh, Patricia E. Molina, Tekeda F. Ferguson, Scott Edwards

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) profoundly impacts the nervous system, leading to neurological deficits including HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). HAND represents the most common neurological comorbidity among people with HIV (PWH), and alcohol use may exacerbate cognitive deficits, especially in vulnerable populations. This study investigated relationships between alcohol use and cognition in an underserved cohort of PWH, on the hypothesis that alcohol misuse exacerbates cognitive deficits.

Methods

Data collected from participants (n = 259; 66.7% male; mean age 52 ± 10 years) enrolled in the New Orleans Alcohol Use in HIV (NOAH) study were utilized for cross-sectional analysis. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and alcohol use was comprehensively measured using four metrics: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), 30-day timeline follow back (TLFB), lifetime drinking history, and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) levels.

Results

The average MoCA score among participants was 20.7 ± 4.5, with 86.5% demonstrating cognitive impairment (MoCA < 26). Individuals with MoCA scores below 18 (moderately or severely cognitively impaired) had a higher frequency of recent severe alcohol misuse and greater lifetime alcohol consumption. Participants at increased risk for AUD (AUDIT ≥ 16) also had worse global cognition and memory task performance than those with lower AUDIT scores; this was particularly true among those aged 50 and older. Analysis of the MoCA sub-score data indicated that participants with increased AUD risk had impairments in the cognitive domains of language and memory.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate a high prevalence of cognitive impairment in the NOAH cohort and suggest that alcohol misuse contributes to global cognitive deficits in PWH, especially among individuals aged 50 and older. Further exploration of the impact of alcohol use on specific cognitive domains, including memory and language, should incorporate additional cognitive tasks. These findings highlight the importance of considering alcohol use and AUD risk as significant factors that may exacerbate cognitive deficits in vulnerable populations, including older PWH.

背景：人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）会对神经系统产生深远影响，导致神经系统缺陷，包括 HIV 相关神经认知障碍（HAND）。HAND是艾滋病病毒感染者（PWH）中最常见的神经系统合并症，而饮酒可能会加重认知障碍，尤其是在易感人群中。本研究以酒精滥用会加重认知障碍为假设，调查了服务不足的艾滋病病毒感染者队列中饮酒与认知之间的关系：新奥尔良艾滋病患者酒精使用（NOAH）研究的参与者（n = 259；66.7% 为男性；平均年龄为 52 ± 10 岁）的数据被用于横断面分析。认知功能采用蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）进行评估，酒精使用情况则采用四项指标进行综合测量：酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）、30 天时限跟踪（TLFB）、终生饮酒史和磷脂酰乙醇（PEth）水平：参与者的平均 MoCA 得分为（20.7 ± 4.5）分，86.5% 的参与者存在认知障碍（MoCA 结论：我们的研究结果表明，认知障碍的发生率很高：我们的研究结果表明，NOAH 队列中认知功能障碍的发生率很高，并表明酗酒会导致威利斯人的整体认知功能障碍，尤其是在 50 岁及以上的人群中。在进一步探讨饮酒对特定认知领域（包括记忆和语言）的影响时，应纳入更多的认知任务。这些发现强调了将饮酒和 AUD 风险视为可能加剧包括老年残疾人在内的弱势群体认知缺陷的重要因素的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

TEXAS RESEARCH SOCIETY ON ALCOHOLISM—34TH ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING 补编：2024 年 6 月，明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市，酒精研究学会第 47 届科学年会演讲和海报摘要。

Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)

Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15320

引用次数: 0