This study focuses on the effect of an Investment Valuation technique (Consensus Analysts Target Price) on Stock Price Return of listed companies in the Nigerian Exchange between the period of 2011 and 2023. The ex-post facto research design was employed in this research due to the use of historic (secondary) data from the selected fifteen (15) companies across 3 major sectors on the Nigeria Exchange (NGX). Panel autoregressive distribution lag model was the estimation techniques and inference made on 5% significance level. Prior to the data analysis, a number or pre-estimation test were carried out such as co-integration, homogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence in addition to basis correlation and descriptive analysis. Findings from the short run reveals a significant negative coefficient (-0.273) for lagged Stock Price Return (L.STR), indicating a substantial short-term correction effect. Conversely, the lagged Consensus Analyst Target Price (L.CATP) shows a positive coefficient (0.141) without statistical significance, suggesting a modest positive relationship without an immediate impact on Stock Price Return. Transitioning to the long run, the highly significant negative coefficient (-1.273) for long-run Stock Price Return (lr_STR) emphasizes a robust and persistent negative adjustment effect. Over an extended period, Consensus Analyst Target Price (lr_CATP) introduces a marginally significant positive coefficient (0.077), implying a modest positive impact on Stock Price Return. Based on the results, one recommendation concerning Consensus Analyst Target Price (CATP) and Stock Price Return is to exercise caution in relying solely on CATP for short-term decision-making. Investors should be aware that, in the short term, deviations from the lagged return may not be significantly influenced by CATP. Therefore, considering additional factors or indicators alongside CATP could enhance the accuracy of short-term decision-making in understanding stock price movements.
{"title":"Consensus Analysts Target Price and Stock Price Returns in Nigeria","authors":"Efe Allwell Omoduemuke, P. Ogbebor, Esther Lawal","doi":"10.14738/abr.124.16680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.124.16680","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on the effect of an Investment Valuation technique (Consensus Analysts Target Price) on Stock Price Return of listed companies in the Nigerian Exchange between the period of 2011 and 2023. The ex-post facto research design was employed in this research due to the use of historic (secondary) data from the selected fifteen (15) companies across 3 major sectors on the Nigeria Exchange (NGX). Panel autoregressive distribution lag model was the estimation techniques and inference made on 5% significance level. Prior to the data analysis, a number or pre-estimation test were carried out such as co-integration, homogeneity, and cross-sectional dependence in addition to basis correlation and descriptive analysis. Findings from the short run reveals a significant negative coefficient (-0.273) for lagged Stock Price Return (L.STR), indicating a substantial short-term correction effect. Conversely, the lagged Consensus Analyst Target Price (L.CATP) shows a positive coefficient (0.141) without statistical significance, suggesting a modest positive relationship without an immediate impact on Stock Price Return. Transitioning to the long run, the highly significant negative coefficient (-1.273) for long-run Stock Price Return (lr_STR) emphasizes a robust and persistent negative adjustment effect. Over an extended period, Consensus Analyst Target Price (lr_CATP) introduces a marginally significant positive coefficient (0.077), implying a modest positive impact on Stock Price Return. Based on the results, one recommendation concerning Consensus Analyst Target Price (CATP) and Stock Price Return is to exercise caution in relying solely on CATP for short-term decision-making. Investors should be aware that, in the short term, deviations from the lagged return may not be significantly influenced by CATP. Therefore, considering additional factors or indicators alongside CATP could enhance the accuracy of short-term decision-making in understanding stock price movements.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140708799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Ngwakwe, Margret Ndidiamaka Anugwo, Nwamaka A Elom, James Ekuma Ogbu, R. Ojide, D. N. Alegu, Christian Ikechukwu Ogah, I. O. Nwimo
COVID-19 pandemic and country lockdown could negatively impact on the emotions of several household members. Using cross-sectional the study investigated demographic differences on emotional impact of COVID-19 pandemic and country lockdown of 392 household members. The instrument (α = 0.73) used for data collection was a 15-item structured emotional impact of COVID-19 lockdown questionnaire (IMC-19LQ). Data collected were analyzed using means, standard deviations, ANOVA and t-tests. Results showed all age groups suffered high emotional impact of COVID-19 pandemic and country lockdown; participants of all levels of education suffered high emotional impact of the lockdown. Farmers and artisans suffered higher impact of the pandemic lockdown than others. Both married and singles reported high emotional impact of the lockdown. ANOVA and t-test revealed no significant differences in the emotional impact of the lockdown among participants in relation to age, level of education and marital status (p > 0.05) but a significant difference existed in relation to occupation (p < 0.05). Collaboration of health educators, social and clinical psychologists through seminars and workshops may be used to achieve promotion of psychological wellbeing of household members.
{"title":"Demographic Differences in Emotional Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Country Lockdown: A Cross-sectional Survey of Household Members in Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"P. Ngwakwe, Margret Ndidiamaka Anugwo, Nwamaka A Elom, James Ekuma Ogbu, R. Ojide, D. N. Alegu, Christian Ikechukwu Ogah, I. O. Nwimo","doi":"10.14738/abr.123.16666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.123.16666","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 pandemic and country lockdown could negatively impact on the emotions of several household members. Using cross-sectional the study investigated demographic differences on emotional impact of COVID-19 pandemic and country lockdown of 392 household members. The instrument (α = 0.73) used for data collection was a 15-item structured emotional impact of COVID-19 lockdown questionnaire (IMC-19LQ). Data collected were analyzed using means, standard deviations, ANOVA and t-tests. Results showed all age groups suffered high emotional impact of COVID-19 pandemic and country lockdown; participants of all levels of education suffered high emotional impact of the lockdown. Farmers and artisans suffered higher impact of the pandemic lockdown than others. Both married and singles reported high emotional impact of the lockdown. ANOVA and t-test revealed no significant differences in the emotional impact of the lockdown among participants in relation to age, level of education and marital status (p > 0.05) but a significant difference existed in relation to occupation (p < 0.05). Collaboration of health educators, social and clinical psychologists through seminars and workshops may be used to achieve promotion of psychological wellbeing of household members.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"63 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140739250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital technologies are being widely adopted to bring visibility and efficiency to supply chains, but employees often lack the technology skills needed to use them effectively. This situation presents significant opportunities for business school executive education programs to access new pools of students and remain relevant as a source of employee technology training, even as they face stiff competition from a myriad of online training providers. This study examined business school executive education websites to determine the extent to which they are meeting the digital supply chain training needs of corporate employees. Findings indicate that, although employee format preferences for short, online, customized, flexible courses have been built into executive education programs, a number of critical digital supply chain topics are covered by only a few business school programs or not at all.
{"title":"A Study of Employee Digital Supply Chain Skill Needs and Business School Executive Education Program Coverage of These Skills","authors":"Abbas Foroughi","doi":"10.14738/abr.123.16752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.123.16752","url":null,"abstract":"Digital technologies are being widely adopted to bring visibility and efficiency to supply chains, but employees often lack the technology skills needed to use them effectively. This situation presents significant opportunities for business school executive education programs to access new pools of students and remain relevant as a source of employee technology training, even as they face stiff competition from a myriad of online training providers. This study examined business school executive education websites to determine the extent to which they are meeting the digital supply chain training needs of corporate employees. Findings indicate that, although employee format preferences for short, online, customized, flexible courses have been built into executive education programs, a number of critical digital supply chain topics are covered by only a few business school programs or not at all. ","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"17 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This case study describes the complex process of qualifying accommodation employees at the “Villas de Sesimbra” aparthotel, in the context of an organizational change and the development of a prismatic structural configuration that favours leadership and management by teams, an organization who learns. This is, effectively, a case study of management and employee satisfaction based on the consolidation of the strategic “pillar”, par excellence, of People Management, constituted by “continuous and qualifying professional training, in practice” (Lopes, 2012), in relation to all 12-hotel staff (permanent and seasonal). By proceeding in this way, the hierarchical pyramid is considerably reduced, and may even nullify the tradition of maintaining indefinitely the organization of work based on low-skilled workers. As a result, it could evolve into project management. The qualification of these workers was assumed to be strategic by the administration, which also accepted a re-elaboration of the structure (from hierarchical centralization to evolving into a “prismatic” structure that would allow for success based on “project management”). Training would follow the “ANEFA” model, of on-the-job learning, according to the four skills considered as core (project - Saber+): (i) literacy (knowing more); (ii) citizenship (participation in business life); (iii) numeracy (mathematics for life); (iv) technology (judicious use of ICTs). The workers wrote their manual personalized work on the topic of “accommodation management”. Organizational reconversion increased management autonomy, with a dynamic focus on the events and company meetings market, while the effectiveness and productivity of accommodation workers increased, with them being hired as permanent workers and transferred to situation of multi-purpose employees, capable of serving tables and supporting breakfast services. Organizational change, developed as a function of resolving a single initial problem (Kotter, 1995; Weick and Quinn, 1999), in fact involved the entire structure and led it to a stage of organizational learning (Senge, 1990).
{"title":"The “Villas de Sesimbra” Aparthotel and The Importance of Training Low-Skilled Workers","authors":"A. Lopes, F. Romana","doi":"10.14738/abr.123.16729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.123.16729","url":null,"abstract":"This case study describes the complex process of qualifying accommodation employees at the “Villas de Sesimbra” aparthotel, in the context of an organizational change and the development of a prismatic structural configuration that favours leadership and management by teams, an organization who learns. This is, effectively, a case study of management and employee satisfaction based on the consolidation of the strategic “pillar”, par excellence, of People Management, constituted by “continuous and qualifying professional training, in practice” (Lopes, 2012), in relation to all 12-hotel staff (permanent and seasonal). By proceeding in this way, the hierarchical pyramid is considerably reduced, and may even nullify the tradition of maintaining indefinitely the organization of work based on low-skilled workers. As a result, it could evolve into project management. The qualification of these workers was assumed to be strategic by the administration, which also accepted a re-elaboration of the structure (from hierarchical centralization to evolving into a “prismatic” structure that would allow for success based on “project management”). Training would follow the “ANEFA” model, of on-the-job learning, according to the four skills considered as core (project - Saber+): (i) literacy (knowing more); (ii) citizenship (participation in business life); (iii) numeracy (mathematics for life); (iv) technology (judicious use of ICTs). The workers wrote their manual personalized work on the topic of “accommodation management”. Organizational reconversion increased management autonomy, with a dynamic focus on the events and company meetings market, while the effectiveness and productivity of accommodation workers increased, with them being hired as permanent workers and transferred to situation of multi-purpose employees, capable of serving tables and supporting breakfast services. Organizational change, developed as a function of resolving a single initial problem (Kotter, 1995; Weick and Quinn, 1999), in fact involved the entire structure and led it to a stage of organizational learning (Senge, 1990).","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"27 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Despite the efforts of Federal and State governments in Nigeria to employ administrative tools to improve tax compliance, the nation is still being bedeviled with the issue of low tax compliance, leading to the inability of the government to finance their statutory responsibilities due to the paucity of funds. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of tax certification on tax compliance in South-west Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach: A survey research design was opted for to obtain primary data from a sample size of 400 participants drawn from a population of 1,194 using Slovin’s formula and purposive sampling technique. Both descriptive and influential statistics were performed. Partial Least Square (PLS) regression was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results show that tax certification (β = 0.261; p-value = 0.044) has a positive effect on tax compliance in South-West Nigeria, which is statistically significant at 0.05 level. Based on these findings, the study concluded that tax certification is an essential tax compliance tool in South West, Nigeria. Research limitations/implications: The results imply that improved efforts in issuing tax certificates tied to public services will enhance taxpayers’ compliance with tax regulations. However, the study is not exhaustive as it specifically focused on a tax enforcement tool in a developing economy. Practical implications: It is therefore recommended that all obstacles around issuance of tax certificates, especially in developing economies, should be surmounted by the government through its tax authority. Originality/value: The study is unique in its approach and population by considering tax officers within South West states in Nigeria.
{"title":"Tax Certification and Tax Compliance in the South West, Nigeria","authors":"M. Alade, Modupe Salami","doi":"10.14738/abr.124.16302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.124.16302","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Despite the efforts of Federal and State governments in Nigeria to employ administrative tools to improve tax compliance, the nation is still being bedeviled with the issue of low tax compliance, leading to the inability of the government to finance their statutory responsibilities due to the paucity of funds. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of tax certification on tax compliance in South-west Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach: A survey research design was opted for to obtain primary data from a sample size of 400 participants drawn from a population of 1,194 using Slovin’s formula and purposive sampling technique. Both descriptive and influential statistics were performed. Partial Least Square (PLS) regression was used to analyze the data. Findings: The results show that tax certification (β = 0.261; p-value = 0.044) has a positive effect on tax compliance in South-West Nigeria, which is statistically significant at 0.05 level. Based on these findings, the study concluded that tax certification is an essential tax compliance tool in South West, Nigeria. Research limitations/implications: The results imply that improved efforts in issuing tax certificates tied to public services will enhance taxpayers’ compliance with tax regulations. However, the study is not exhaustive as it specifically focused on a tax enforcement tool in a developing economy. Practical implications: It is therefore recommended that all obstacles around issuance of tax certificates, especially in developing economies, should be surmounted by the government through its tax authority. Originality/value: The study is unique in its approach and population by considering tax officers within South West states in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two national newspaper articles published in the Fall of 2018 addressed the issue of private health insurance provider contracts that act to exclude specific health systems from health plan networks. Inevitably, the question arises: Are such agreements illegal restraints of trade actionable under federal and state antitrust laws? A long-standing tenet of antifrust law is that it exists to protect competition not competitors. Excluding providers may be a legitimate outgrowth of the contracting process and therefore legal. However, an examination of the contracting process may reveal anticompetitive intent to restrain trade. The specific facts surrounding provider exclusion must be analyzed carefully in an effort to determine if there is illegal restraint of trade.
{"title":"Provider Exclusion in US Private Health Insurance Contract","authors":"Michael M Costello","doi":"10.14738/abr.124.16773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.124.16773","url":null,"abstract":"Two national newspaper articles published in the Fall of 2018 addressed the issue of private health insurance provider contracts that act to exclude specific health systems from health plan networks. Inevitably, the question arises: Are such agreements illegal restraints of trade actionable under federal and state antitrust laws? A long-standing tenet of antifrust law is that it exists to protect competition not competitors. Excluding providers may be a legitimate outgrowth of the contracting process and therefore legal. However, an examination of the contracting process may reveal anticompetitive intent to restrain trade. The specific facts surrounding provider exclusion must be analyzed carefully in an effort to determine if there is illegal restraint of trade.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the United States, the full retirement age increases in two-month increments each year until reaching 67 years of age in 2027 for individuals born from 1955 to 1960. The increase in the full retirement age is equivalent to a decline in the Social Security benefits for all new retirees. If the full retirement age is increased from 66 to 67 while the early retirement age remains at 62, then the monthly benefit reduction at age 62 would increase from 25% to 30%. Despite the reduction in Social Security benefits, a significant portion of newly retired workers claim their Social Security benefits as soon as they turn 62, which is the earliest age to claim the benefit. The Social Security Administration predicts that the reduction in Social Security benefits can encourage workers to delay their retirement and that the reduction can restore some financial balance to the Social Security system. Therefore, studying the effects of increasing the full retirement age from 66 to 67 on the retirement decision at 62 is essential for planning future social security reforms. This study conducts a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression, using cross-sectional and time series data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2016 to 2021. The empirical results show that the probability of retirement for individuals at age 62 decreased from 2016 to 2021, indicating a trend of delaying retirement as their full retirement age rises. During the same period, the likelihood of men reporting being retired decreases by 35.56%, while for women, it drops by 16.79%. It implies that if male and female workers choose to exit the workforce solely based on the Social Security benefits, the increase in full retirement age appears to have a more significant impact on delaying retirement decisions for male workers than for female workers.
{"title":"The Effects of Increasing the Full Retirement Age from 66 to 67 on the Retirement Decision at the Early Retirement Age of 62","authors":"Chong-Hwan Son","doi":"10.14738/abr.124.16774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.124.16774","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, the full retirement age increases in two-month increments each year until reaching 67 years of age in 2027 for individuals born from 1955 to 1960. The increase in the full retirement age is equivalent to a decline in the Social Security benefits for all new retirees. If the full retirement age is increased from 66 to 67 while the early retirement age remains at 62, then the monthly benefit reduction at age 62 would increase from 25% to 30%. Despite the reduction in Social Security benefits, a significant portion of newly retired workers claim their Social Security benefits as soon as they turn 62, which is the earliest age to claim the benefit. The Social Security Administration predicts that the reduction in Social Security benefits can encourage workers to delay their retirement and that the reduction can restore some financial balance to the Social Security system. Therefore, studying the effects of increasing the full retirement age from 66 to 67 on the retirement decision at 62 is essential for planning future social security reforms. This study conducts a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression, using cross-sectional and time series data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2016 to 2021. The empirical results show that the probability of retirement for individuals at age 62 decreased from 2016 to 2021, indicating a trend of delaying retirement as their full retirement age rises. During the same period, the likelihood of men reporting being retired decreases by 35.56%, while for women, it drops by 16.79%. It implies that if male and female workers choose to exit the workforce solely based on the Social Security benefits, the increase in full retirement age appears to have a more significant impact on delaying retirement decisions for male workers than for female workers.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"188 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes integral to diverse applications, the imperative to secure AI models against evolving threats has gained paramount importance. This paper presents a novel cybersecurity framework tailored explicitly for AI models, synthesizing insights from a comprehensive literature review, real-world case studies, and practical implementation strategies. Drawing from seminal works on adversarial attacks, data privacy, and secure deployment practices, the framework addresses vulnerabilities throughout the AI development lifecycle. Preliminary results indicate a significant enhancement in the resilience of AI models, demonstrating reduced success rates of adversarial attacks, effective data encryption, and robust secure deployment practices. The framework's adaptability across diverse use cases underscores its practicality. These findings mark a crucial step toward establishing comprehensive and practical cybersecurity measures, contributing to the ongoing discourse on securing the expanding field of artificial intelligence. Ongoing efforts involve further validation, optimization, and exploration of additional security measures to fortify AI models in an ever-changing threat landscape.
{"title":"Securing Artificial Intelligence Models: A Comprehensive Cybersecurity Approach","authors":"Adedeji Olugboja","doi":"10.14738/abr.123.16770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.123.16770","url":null,"abstract":"As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes integral to diverse applications, the imperative to secure AI models against evolving threats has gained paramount importance. This paper presents a novel cybersecurity framework tailored explicitly for AI models, synthesizing insights from a comprehensive literature review, real-world case studies, and practical implementation strategies. Drawing from seminal works on adversarial attacks, data privacy, and secure deployment practices, the framework addresses vulnerabilities throughout the AI development lifecycle. Preliminary results indicate a significant enhancement in the resilience of AI models, demonstrating reduced success rates of adversarial attacks, effective data encryption, and robust secure deployment practices. The framework's adaptability across diverse use cases underscores its practicality. These findings mark a crucial step toward establishing comprehensive and practical cybersecurity measures, contributing to the ongoing discourse on securing the expanding field of artificial intelligence. Ongoing efforts involve further validation, optimization, and exploration of additional security measures to fortify AI models in an ever-changing threat landscape.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140737043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a growing consensus that financial inclusion is essential for economic growth and human development. Studies have shown that financial inclusion can lead to increased investment, productivity, and employment. It can also help to reduce poverty and inequality. A country’s prevailing macro-economic factors such as per capita is also thought to accelerate or slow down the effect of financial inclusion on human development. This study assessed the effect of per capita income on the relationship between financial inclusion and human development among African countries. To achieve the research objectives, the study employed a panel longitudinal research design that involved collecting secondary data for the period between 2011 and 2020 on an annual basis for each of the 54 African countries. Findings indicate that financial inclusion, measured by bank branches, ATMs, deposit accounts, and loan accounts, has a positive and significant effect on human development in African countries. Furthermore, per capita income was found to moderate the relationship between financial inclusion and human development. The study concludes that fostering financial inclusion and enhancing per capita income is crucial for promoting human development in African countries. The study emphasizes the need for policymakers to prioritize inclusive finance and implement targeted interventions to address the specific challenges and opportunities within each context.
{"title":"Financial Inclusion, Per Capita Income and Human Development: Evidence from African Countries","authors":"Paul Mani, Winnie Nyamute, Herick O Ondigo","doi":"10.14738/abr.123.16235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.123.16235","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing consensus that financial inclusion is essential for economic growth and human development. Studies have shown that financial inclusion can lead to increased investment, productivity, and employment. It can also help to reduce poverty and inequality. A country’s prevailing macro-economic factors such as per capita is also thought to accelerate or slow down the effect of financial inclusion on human development. This study assessed the effect of per capita income on the relationship between financial inclusion and human development among African countries. To achieve the research objectives, the study employed a panel longitudinal research design that involved collecting secondary data for the period between 2011 and 2020 on an annual basis for each of the 54 African countries. Findings indicate that financial inclusion, measured by bank branches, ATMs, deposit accounts, and loan accounts, has a positive and significant effect on human development in African countries. Furthermore, per capita income was found to moderate the relationship between financial inclusion and human development. The study concludes that fostering financial inclusion and enhancing per capita income is crucial for promoting human development in African countries. The study emphasizes the need for policymakers to prioritize inclusive finance and implement targeted interventions to address the specific challenges and opportunities within each context.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"68 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140229740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today’s technology-driven era, online platforms and applications have revolutionized various services, including food delivery and offering unparalleled convenience and efficiency. This surge in popularity of digital solutions is driven by consumers' growing technological dependency and their quest for seamless experiences. Consequently, more restaurants outsource delivery services to meet evolving consumer preferences. This study provides business operators with valuable insights into consumer preferences and behaviors regarding online food delivery applications. Specifically, it identifies the determinants influencing the adoption of such apps and explores the most popular apps among the Saudi subpopulation. Additionally, this study investigated the factors associated with the actual usage of online food delivery services. An analysis of the collected data revealed critical factors shaping consumer choices in food delivery services, notably the impact of social media reputation and advertisements. The proximity of restaurants has emerged as a significant determinant, profoundly influencing customer satisfaction and app preferences. Interestingly, while cost did not significantly drive consumers towards online food delivery services, the Jahez app stood out as the preferred choice because of its exemplary customer service. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for informed strategic decision-making within the food delivery ecosystem. Moreover, recommendations for future research are provided to foster a deeper understanding of and innovation in the online food delivery domain.
{"title":"The Customer Perspective on Food Delivery Applications: Insights from Saudi Arabia","authors":"Fahad Alofan","doi":"10.14738/abr.123.16683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.123.16683","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s technology-driven era, online platforms and applications have revolutionized various services, including food delivery and offering unparalleled convenience and efficiency. This surge in popularity of digital solutions is driven by consumers' growing technological dependency and their quest for seamless experiences. Consequently, more restaurants outsource delivery services to meet evolving consumer preferences. This study provides business operators with valuable insights into consumer preferences and behaviors regarding online food delivery applications. Specifically, it identifies the determinants influencing the adoption of such apps and explores the most popular apps among the Saudi subpopulation. Additionally, this study investigated the factors associated with the actual usage of online food delivery services. An analysis of the collected data revealed critical factors shaping consumer choices in food delivery services, notably the impact of social media reputation and advertisements. The proximity of restaurants has emerged as a significant determinant, profoundly influencing customer satisfaction and app preferences. Interestingly, while cost did not significantly drive consumers towards online food delivery services, the Jahez app stood out as the preferred choice because of its exemplary customer service. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for informed strategic decision-making within the food delivery ecosystem. Moreover, recommendations for future research are provided to foster a deeper understanding of and innovation in the online food delivery domain.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"43 s5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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