The cryptocurrency market has attracted considerable attention from investors and researchers alike. This paper examines the volatility patterns of two major cryptocurrencies utilizing GARCH modeling: Bitcoin, based on a proof-of-work mechanism, and Cardano, operating on a proof-of-stake mechanism. Our findings reveal differences in the volatility structures of the two cryptocurrencies, with Cardano demonstrating a reduced long-term volatility compared to Bitcoin. This study suggests that transitioning from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake mechanisms might lead to a decrease in market volatility.
{"title":"(UN) Stable Cryptocurrency Markets: Insights From Volatility Modeling","authors":"Jasmina Džafić, Emir Hečimović","doi":"10.14738/abr.1112.16086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.1112.16086","url":null,"abstract":"The cryptocurrency market has attracted considerable attention from investors and researchers alike. This paper examines the volatility patterns of two major cryptocurrencies utilizing GARCH modeling: Bitcoin, based on a proof-of-work mechanism, and Cardano, operating on a proof-of-stake mechanism. Our findings reveal differences in the volatility structures of the two cryptocurrencies, with Cardano demonstrating a reduced long-term volatility compared to Bitcoin. This study suggests that transitioning from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake mechanisms might lead to a decrease in market volatility.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fredrick Wasike, Peter O K'obonyo, Florence K Muindi
The objective of the study was to establish the moderating influence of employee competence in the relationship between employee work values orientation and employee job performance in the motor vehicle industry in Kenya. This relationships was tested using corresponding null hypothesis. This study was based on competence motivation theory. The objective of the study was to eastablish the moderating influence of employee competence in the relationship between employee work values orieontation and employee pefrmance. Descriptive cross sectional survey was used in the study. The study had a population of 2,895 employees out of which a sample of 351 respondents were randomly chosen for data collection. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaires that were dropped and picked back while others were scanned and emailed back. Data was analyzed using regression models. Test findings showed that employee competence moderated the ralationship between work values orientation and employee job performance,. The significant findings implied that the hypothesis was rejected, and the study objective was positively determined. The study outcomes significantly contributed to theory, policy and practice of work values orientation and its influence on employee job performance. The limitation of the study comprised respondents’ attitude and subjectivity that may have crept in due to bias in choosing suitable responses, however the use of structured questionnaires reduced personal or subjective ways of responding to statements posed. The study suggested that a further study be done using similar variables on a longitudinal design for generalizability of results. Further, the study recommended that the motor vehicle industry adopts work values orientation and employee competence as joint variables that significantly improve employee job performance.
{"title":"Moderating Influence of Employee Competence on the Relationship between Employee Work Values Orientation and Job Performance in the Motor Vehicle Industry in Kenya","authors":"Fredrick Wasike, Peter O K'obonyo, Florence K Muindi","doi":"10.14738/abr.1112.16148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.1112.16148","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to establish the moderating influence of employee competence in the relationship between employee work values orientation and employee job performance in the motor vehicle industry in Kenya. This relationships was tested using corresponding null hypothesis. This study was based on competence motivation theory. The objective of the study was to eastablish the moderating influence of employee competence in the relationship between employee work values orieontation and employee pefrmance. Descriptive cross sectional survey was used in the study. The study had a population of 2,895 employees out of which a sample of 351 respondents were randomly chosen for data collection. Data was collected by use of structured questionnaires that were dropped and picked back while others were scanned and emailed back. Data was analyzed using regression models. Test findings showed that employee competence moderated the ralationship between work values orientation and employee job performance,. The significant findings implied that the hypothesis was rejected, and the study objective was positively determined. The study outcomes significantly contributed to theory, policy and practice of work values orientation and its influence on employee job performance. The limitation of the study comprised respondents’ attitude and subjectivity that may have crept in due to bias in choosing suitable responses, however the use of structured questionnaires reduced personal or subjective ways of responding to statements posed. The study suggested that a further study be done using similar variables on a longitudinal design for generalizability of results. Further, the study recommended that the motor vehicle industry adopts work values orientation and employee competence as joint variables that significantly improve employee job performance.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research measures the relationship between the Altman Z-Score, a measure of a firm’s financial health, and the Return on Equity (ROE), a measure of a firm’s profitability for a sample of airline companies. The period of the study covers 2014 to 2022 and uses linear regression to examine the relationship between ROE (dependent variable) and the Z-Score (independent variable). Our data set contains sixty-five (65) airline firms traded on twenty-eight (28) stock exchanges. Our initial hypothesis is that a positive and statistically significant relationship exists between the two variables over the examined period. Further research will look at the relationship in other sectors of the markets.
{"title":"An Investigation of the Altman Z-Score Measure and Return on Equity (ROE) of Firms in the Airline Industry","authors":"Thomas Willey, Susan Edwards, Y. Bhagwat","doi":"10.14738/abr.1112.16059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.1112.16059","url":null,"abstract":"This research measures the relationship between the Altman Z-Score, a measure of a firm’s financial health, and the Return on Equity (ROE), a measure of a firm’s profitability for a sample of airline companies. The period of the study covers 2014 to 2022 and uses linear regression to examine the relationship between ROE (dependent variable) and the Z-Score (independent variable). Our data set contains sixty-five (65) airline firms traded on twenty-eight (28) stock exchanges. Our initial hypothesis is that a positive and statistically significant relationship exists between the two variables over the examined period. Further research will look at the relationship in other sectors of the markets.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"333 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, which is based on extensive research, the author provides a theoretical outline of the investment ability of companies. He understands investment ability as a type of knowledge that is necessary before the investment itself and also for its implementation. Investment ability is the ability of companies to correctly assess the feasibility and profitability of an investment project, and to define its detailed specifications, the required technology and the most favorable sources of financing, both internal and external. The purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the field of studying the relationship between resources and investment ability. The author defines investment ability as a relatively new theoretical construct, from the point of view of resource-based theory. The aforementioned theory focuses on the company’s resources and dynamic capabilities and thus offers a suitable theoretical basis for determining how internal factors, which are also observed in the field of the company’s investment activity and which in a way help define its investment ability, represent a source of competitive advantage. In addition to the theoretical definition of a company’s investment ability, the aim of the author’s contribution is to investigate whether it is possible and feasible in practice to develop and/or adapt an instrument for measuring investment ability. Based on a thorough study of human and financial resources as key to defining investment ability, the author identifies a potential set of variables or indicators that can be used to assess and measure the investment ability of companies. The author included these measurement variables in the conceptual model of investment ability, which he developed and tested on the example of Slovenian companies.
{"title":"Investment Ability as a Source of the Company’s Competitive Advantage Based on Human and Financial Resources-Theoretical Outline","authors":"Vladimir Bukvič","doi":"10.14738/abr.1112.15760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.1112.15760","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, which is based on extensive research, the author provides a theoretical outline of the investment ability of companies. He understands investment ability as a type of knowledge that is necessary before the investment itself and also for its implementation. Investment ability is the ability of companies to correctly assess the feasibility and profitability of an investment project, and to define its detailed specifications, the required technology and the most favorable sources of financing, both internal and external. The purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the field of studying the relationship between resources and investment ability. The author defines investment ability as a relatively new theoretical construct, from the point of view of resource-based theory. The aforementioned theory focuses on the company’s resources and dynamic capabilities and thus offers a suitable theoretical basis for determining how internal factors, which are also observed in the field of the company’s investment activity and which in a way help define its investment ability, represent a source of competitive advantage. In addition to the theoretical definition of a company’s investment ability, the aim of the author’s contribution is to investigate whether it is possible and feasible in practice to develop and/or adapt an instrument for measuring investment ability. Based on a thorough study of human and financial resources as key to defining investment ability, the author identifies a potential set of variables or indicators that can be used to assess and measure the investment ability of companies. The author included these measurement variables in the conceptual model of investment ability, which he developed and tested on the example of Slovenian companies.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"359 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report recognizes some of the most important causes of resistance to organizational change; some of which are related to the skills of employees and others to the company's communication procedures, which affects the work performance of employees and the image of the organization. To achieve the organization's objectives, the importance of structural change management, organizational culture, and the ability to modify strategies when circumstances warrant is also documented: First to contain, and then to reduce resistance to organizational change. The report includes a comparison of the proportion of successful and unsuccessful efforts regarding resistance to "organizational change"; a process that can be conceived as a "dialectical progression", whose main support is the institutional commitment implicit in the mission, vision, and core values of the organization. A nonparametric statistical technique: Jonckheere-Terpstra test was selected to perform the data analysis.
{"title":"Organizational Commitment: The Key to Reduce Employees’ Resistance to Change","authors":"Rolando Pena-Sanchez","doi":"10.14738/abr.1111.15959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.1111.15959","url":null,"abstract":"This report recognizes some of the most important causes of resistance to organizational change; some of which are related to the skills of employees and others to the company's communication procedures, which affects the work performance of employees and the image of the organization. To achieve the organization's objectives, the importance of structural change management, organizational culture, and the ability to modify strategies when circumstances warrant is also documented: First to contain, and then to reduce resistance to organizational change. The report includes a comparison of the proportion of successful and unsuccessful efforts regarding resistance to \"organizational change\"; a process that can be conceived as a \"dialectical progression\", whose main support is the institutional commitment implicit in the mission, vision, and core values of the organization. A nonparametric statistical technique: Jonckheere-Terpstra test was selected to perform the data analysis.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"24 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper uses the methods of Granger causality test, cointegration relationship test, error correction model and shock response function in cointegration correlation theory, and uses the monthly data from 2003.1 to 2023.5 to study the role and influence of futures market variables (price index, total turnover, total open interest) on sixteen macroeconomic variables. The results show that the three indicators of the futures market have a guiding effect on industrial added value, net export, fiscal revenue and fiscal expenditure at the same time. The price index and total turnover also have a guiding effect on the interbank 7-day interest rate and the RMB real effective exchange rate index. The total turnover and total open interest also have a strong guiding effect on the total import and export volume, the investment amount of fixed assets, and the total retail sales of social consumer goods. The price index also has a strong guiding effect on the producer price index, total loans, and the exchange rate of the US dollar against the RMB. The total open interest also has a strong guiding effect on the total loan. The cointegration test and error correction model show that in the short and long term, the futures market variables have a strong or weak quantitative impact on twelve macro variables, and the shock response function curve shows that the futures market variables have different impact effects on twelve macro variables. It shows that the futures market has a relatively strong impact on the macroeconomy, but there is still much room for improvement in the scope and depth of influence. It is suggested that the futures market should make efforts in terms of variety expansion, internationalization and supervision to further promote the comprehensive development of the domestic macroeconomy.
{"title":"Futures Markets and Macroeconomics: Empirical Evidence from China","authors":"Tian Chen Gao, Hui Gao","doi":"10.14738/abr.1112.15618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.1112.15618","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses the methods of Granger causality test, cointegration relationship test, error correction model and shock response function in cointegration correlation theory, and uses the monthly data from 2003.1 to 2023.5 to study the role and influence of futures market variables (price index, total turnover, total open interest) on sixteen macroeconomic variables. The results show that the three indicators of the futures market have a guiding effect on industrial added value, net export, fiscal revenue and fiscal expenditure at the same time. The price index and total turnover also have a guiding effect on the interbank 7-day interest rate and the RMB real effective exchange rate index. The total turnover and total open interest also have a strong guiding effect on the total import and export volume, the investment amount of fixed assets, and the total retail sales of social consumer goods. The price index also has a strong guiding effect on the producer price index, total loans, and the exchange rate of the US dollar against the RMB. The total open interest also has a strong guiding effect on the total loan. The cointegration test and error correction model show that in the short and long term, the futures market variables have a strong or weak quantitative impact on twelve macro variables, and the shock response function curve shows that the futures market variables have different impact effects on twelve macro variables. It shows that the futures market has a relatively strong impact on the macroeconomy, but there is still much room for improvement in the scope and depth of influence. It is suggested that the futures market should make efforts in terms of variety expansion, internationalization and supervision to further promote the comprehensive development of the domestic macroeconomy.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"2 6‐7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A priority of the maquiladora industry is to hire a skilled workforce. Thus, this research explores the opportunity to assess the requirements of technical training and/or educational services in business for a new market: The technical training of employees of the Maquiladora Industry on the US-México border. If Laredo, TX can be recognized as The Gateway of International Trade, then Texas A&M International University (TAMIU) can be acknowledged as the essential Higher Education Institution in International Business given its "business strengths” (AACSB & SACS Accreditation, A. R. Sanchez School of Business (ARSSB), Western Hemisphere Trade Center (WHTC), Bachelor, Master, Dual MBA, (double degree) and Ph.D. Programs, Professional Certifications, QM Courses, Signature Courses, etc.); consequently, we can consider that this research is parallel to Laredo’s business strengths: Maquiladora Industry, Logistics Industry, Bank Industry, etc. and should be pondered as an area of opportunity. A diagram of a theoretical model for the interaction between employees’ training requirements frequency and the maquiladora industry sectors is presented. The industrial sectors were electronic, automotive, textile, and other (food, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, etc.), where the employees reviewed 31 training areas clustered in three blocks (basic, practical, and functional). The frequency distribution of the employees' training requirements was analyzed via nonparametric statistics.
{"title":"Assessment of Training Requirements for Employees of Maquiladora Industry on the US-México Border","authors":"Rolando Pena-Sanchez","doi":"10.14738/abr.1112.15958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.1112.15958","url":null,"abstract":"A priority of the maquiladora industry is to hire a skilled workforce. Thus, this research explores the opportunity to assess the requirements of technical training and/or educational services in business for a new market: The technical training of employees of the Maquiladora Industry on the US-México border. If Laredo, TX can be recognized as The Gateway of International Trade, then Texas A&M International University (TAMIU) can be acknowledged as the essential Higher Education Institution in International Business given its \"business strengths” (AACSB & SACS Accreditation, A. R. Sanchez School of Business (ARSSB), Western Hemisphere Trade Center (WHTC), Bachelor, Master, Dual MBA, (double degree) and Ph.D. Programs, Professional Certifications, QM Courses, Signature Courses, etc.); consequently, we can consider that this research is parallel to Laredo’s business strengths: Maquiladora Industry, Logistics Industry, Bank Industry, etc. and should be pondered as an area of opportunity. A diagram of a theoretical model for the interaction between employees’ training requirements frequency and the maquiladora industry sectors is presented. The industrial sectors were electronic, automotive, textile, and other (food, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, etc.), where the employees reviewed 31 training areas clustered in three blocks (basic, practical, and functional). The frequency distribution of the employees' training requirements was analyzed via nonparametric statistics.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"328 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138966690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Mwambu, G. Karyeija, Edgar Kateshumbwa Mwesigye, Hizaamu Ramadhan
This study analyzed the governance structures of the single spine agricultural extension system and their effects on adoption of technological innovations by farmer groups in Kiryandongo and Rukungiri Districts of Uganda. This was premised on the view that despite introduction of the single spine agricultural extension service as a policy intervention to increase adoption of innovations for agricultural production and productivity in 2016, four years down the road, these aspirations have not been realized. The research adopted a cross sectional case study design underpinned by the constructivism paradigm. A none-mathematical sampling method was used for key informants and focus group discussions. Data from documents review was triangulated with that from interviews and formed the basis for analysis of findings and report writing. The findings indicated that the limited attention given to the governance structures was one of the fundamental factors that negatively impacted on adoption of agricultural innovations. Failure to provide sufficient resources for monitoring policy implementation undermined the very essence for which it was contrived. It is recommended that the same Ministry strengthens partnerships with the private sector and other non-state actors by taking the lead role in delivery of extension services. This is premised on the notion that District Local Governments have the institutional mandate and structures while the private sector and non-state actors wield the needed resources for enhancing the adoption of agricultural innovations.
{"title":"Single-Spine Agricultural Extension System Governance Structures And Adoption Of Agricultural Technological Innovations","authors":"Paul Mwambu, G. Karyeija, Edgar Kateshumbwa Mwesigye, Hizaamu Ramadhan","doi":"10.14738/abr.1112.15929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.1112.15929","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the governance structures of the single spine agricultural extension system and their effects on adoption of technological innovations by farmer groups in Kiryandongo and Rukungiri Districts of Uganda. This was premised on the view that despite introduction of the single spine agricultural extension service as a policy intervention to increase adoption of innovations for agricultural production and productivity in 2016, four years down the road, these aspirations have not been realized. The research adopted a cross sectional case study design underpinned by the constructivism paradigm. A none-mathematical sampling method was used for key informants and focus group discussions. Data from documents review was triangulated with that from interviews and formed the basis for analysis of findings and report writing. The findings indicated that the limited attention given to the governance structures was one of the fundamental factors that negatively impacted on adoption of agricultural innovations. Failure to provide sufficient resources for monitoring policy implementation undermined the very essence for which it was contrived. It is recommended that the same Ministry strengthens partnerships with the private sector and other non-state actors by taking the lead role in delivery of extension services. This is premised on the notion that District Local Governments have the institutional mandate and structures while the private sector and non-state actors wield the needed resources for enhancing the adoption of agricultural innovations.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"4 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel. O. Dada, O. I. Wale-Awe, Mercy Femi-Olagundoye
Nigeria relies heavily on imports, requiring considerable foreign exchange to settle its trade obligations. However, the demand for foreign currency far exceeds the available supply, resulting in constant fluctuations in the exchange rate. The study examined the impact of exchange rate management (proxied by the exchange rate, interest rate, inflation rate, foreign direct investment, and foreign portfolio investment) on import financing from 2000 to 2022. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test was used to check the stationarity of the data. Likewise, the Bound Test for Co-integration was used to assess the long-term relationship between the variables. Finally, the study adopted the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to evaluate the relationship among the variables. The findings revealed that foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, exchange rate, inflation rate, and interest rate jointly and significantly influenced import financing in Nigeria. The study recommended that policymakers focus on the supply side of foreign exchange to boost foreign exchange earnings by providing incentives to exporters while concurrently reducing unnecessary demand by restricting the import of certain goods, thereby effectively conserving foreign exchange reserves.
{"title":"Exchange Rate Management and Import Financing in Nigeria: An Econometric Analysis","authors":"Samuel. O. Dada, O. I. Wale-Awe, Mercy Femi-Olagundoye","doi":"10.14738/abr.1111.15934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.1111.15934","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria relies heavily on imports, requiring considerable foreign exchange to settle its trade obligations. However, the demand for foreign currency far exceeds the available supply, resulting in constant fluctuations in the exchange rate. The study examined the impact of exchange rate management (proxied by the exchange rate, interest rate, inflation rate, foreign direct investment, and foreign portfolio investment) on import financing from 2000 to 2022. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test was used to check the stationarity of the data. Likewise, the Bound Test for Co-integration was used to assess the long-term relationship between the variables. Finally, the study adopted the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to evaluate the relationship among the variables. The findings revealed that foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, exchange rate, inflation rate, and interest rate jointly and significantly influenced import financing in Nigeria. The study recommended that policymakers focus on the supply side of foreign exchange to boost foreign exchange earnings by providing incentives to exporters while concurrently reducing unnecessary demand by restricting the import of certain goods, thereby effectively conserving foreign exchange reserves.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"133 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After the transition to market relations, interest in various directions of marketing increased in Georgia. One of them is public relations, which helps companies to form and maintain a positive image. It, in turn, has various tools. Among them, the events are noteworthy. Planning them properly and implementation is important to ensure effective marketing management and achievement of set goals in the company. The purpose of the article is to study the attitudes of consumers towards the events carried out by Georgian companies. We used the form of an online survey, which is currently quite effective. Events play a major role in forming impressions of a company and its brands. Those companies that intelligently manage and implement events contribute to the formation of their positive image and increase in the promotion of their brands. Events are used by many subjects to impress other people. Business entities can gain goodwill from their target market by making a good impression on the public. With its correct planning and implementation, the company will receive economic benefits. In the article, the authors discuss the problems associated with conducting events, present the main results of the conducted research and recommendations in the direction of increasing the effectiveness of the use of events.
{"title":"Attitude of Consumers Towards Events Organized by Companies","authors":"Maia Seturi, Maka Surmava","doi":"10.14738/abr.1111.15948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.1111.15948","url":null,"abstract":"After the transition to market relations, interest in various directions of marketing increased in Georgia. One of them is public relations, which helps companies to form and maintain a positive image. It, in turn, has various tools. Among them, the events are noteworthy. Planning them properly and implementation is important to ensure effective marketing management and achievement of set goals in the company. The purpose of the article is to study the attitudes of consumers towards the events carried out by Georgian companies. We used the form of an online survey, which is currently quite effective. Events play a major role in forming impressions of a company and its brands. Those companies that intelligently manage and implement events contribute to the formation of their positive image and increase in the promotion of their brands. Events are used by many subjects to impress other people. Business entities can gain goodwill from their target market by making a good impression on the public. With its correct planning and implementation, the company will receive economic benefits. In the article, the authors discuss the problems associated with conducting events, present the main results of the conducted research and recommendations in the direction of increasing the effectiveness of the use of events.","PeriodicalId":72277,"journal":{"name":"Archives of business research","volume":"139 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138598910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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