The incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis (NAH) remain unknown. It is estimated that 20 to 40% of the Western population is affected by NAFLD. NAFLD is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the world, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 30% in the US. Most cases occur in people aged between 40 and 60 years, but NAFLD is becoming increasingly prevalent in the pediatric population [1]. Although initially it was considered a disease that predominantly affects the female sex, it is currently understood that both sexes are affected equally. It is believed that the prevalence in Hispanics is higher than in whites, while on the other hand, African Americans are less susceptible to the progressive form of the disease and the Asian and Pacific regions are less affected [2]. It is expected to become the main indication for liver transplantation in the future, replacing hepatitis C.
{"title":"Study of new energy-based noninvasive therapies for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","authors":"Miachon, Chavantes Mc","doi":"10.15761/CCRR.1000500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/CCRR.1000500","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis (NAH) remain unknown. It is estimated that 20 to 40% of the Western population is affected by NAFLD. NAFLD is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the world, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 30% in the US. Most cases occur in people aged between 40 and 60 years, but NAFLD is becoming increasingly prevalent in the pediatric population [1]. Although initially it was considered a disease that predominantly affects the female sex, it is currently understood that both sexes are affected equally. It is believed that the prevalence in Hispanics is higher than in whites, while on the other hand, African Americans are less susceptible to the progressive form of the disease and the Asian and Pacific regions are less affected [2]. It is expected to become the main indication for liver transplantation in the future, replacing hepatitis C.","PeriodicalId":72607,"journal":{"name":"Clinical case reports and reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67449157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Figures 1 and 2 shows the trend of the sale of advanced therapeutic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) currently available commercially in Japan. After the release of infliximab in 2003, biological products were introduced to the market with great frequency, and biological products with different mechanisms of action and dosing regimens became available (the use of rituximab for RA is not approved in Japan, unlike in overseas countries). Ten years after the release of the first biological product in Japan, the sale of Janus kinase inhibitors was promoted, and biosimilars (BSs) were also actively marketed.
{"title":"Role of biosimilars in rheumatoid arthritis - Process from R & D to marketing and trends in the world","authors":"H. Matsuno","doi":"10.15761/ccrr.1000509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ccrr.1000509","url":null,"abstract":"Figures 1 and 2 shows the trend of the sale of advanced therapeutic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) currently available commercially in Japan. After the release of infliximab in 2003, biological products were introduced to the market with great frequency, and biological products with different mechanisms of action and dosing regimens became available (the use of rituximab for RA is not approved in Japan, unlike in overseas countries). Ten years after the release of the first biological product in Japan, the sale of Janus kinase inhibitors was promoted, and biosimilars (BSs) were also actively marketed.","PeriodicalId":72607,"journal":{"name":"Clinical case reports and reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67449733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
García Divahia, Martínez-Lizaga Natalia, Lanau Sara, Espinosa Eugenia
from rapidly progressive deterioration to long periods of clinical stability; in newborns it causes severe neurological and systemic alterations, including seizures, hypotonia, growth retardation, lactic acidosis and respiratory failure [4]. Given the non-specific neurological symptoms and neuroimaging features, a differential diagnosis with infections or immunological conditions that involve the CNS is essential, an important finding Abstract Introduction: Progressive cavitational leukoencephalopathy (PCL) is a recently described pathology, with few cases reported in the world literature. It is characterized by progressive neurological deterioration and characteristic neuroimaging findings, which distinguish this disorder as a unique entity given the massive cystic degeneration . Patients and methods: A case of a female infant with regression of motor skills and speech is described at 27 months, followed by progressive neurological deterioration during the following year. Results: In cranial MR findings, white matter compromise and cystic degeneration with contrast enhancement were observed, along with a brain MRS with double negative lactate spikes. Enzymatic study of leukodystrophies, genetic panel for leukodystrophies, and negative mitochondrial exome. Conclusions: Due to the progressive form of the disease and paraclinical criteria, it is concluded that the patient meets the diagnostic criteria for PCL. This entity does not have treatment; only supportive care is available. The prognosis is fatal, with an average life of up to 14 years in the case studies described.
{"title":"Progressive cavitational leukoencephalopathy: An enigma","authors":"García Divahia, Martínez-Lizaga Natalia, Lanau Sara, Espinosa Eugenia","doi":"10.15761/CCRR.1000497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/CCRR.1000497","url":null,"abstract":"from rapidly progressive deterioration to long periods of clinical stability; in newborns it causes severe neurological and systemic alterations, including seizures, hypotonia, growth retardation, lactic acidosis and respiratory failure [4]. Given the non-specific neurological symptoms and neuroimaging features, a differential diagnosis with infections or immunological conditions that involve the CNS is essential, an important finding Abstract Introduction: Progressive cavitational leukoencephalopathy (PCL) is a recently described pathology, with few cases reported in the world literature. It is characterized by progressive neurological deterioration and characteristic neuroimaging findings, which distinguish this disorder as a unique entity given the massive cystic degeneration . Patients and methods: A case of a female infant with regression of motor skills and speech is described at 27 months, followed by progressive neurological deterioration during the following year. Results: In cranial MR findings, white matter compromise and cystic degeneration with contrast enhancement were observed, along with a brain MRS with double negative lactate spikes. Enzymatic study of leukodystrophies, genetic panel for leukodystrophies, and negative mitochondrial exome. Conclusions: Due to the progressive form of the disease and paraclinical criteria, it is concluded that the patient meets the diagnostic criteria for PCL. This entity does not have treatment; only supportive care is available. The prognosis is fatal, with an average life of up to 14 years in the case studies described.","PeriodicalId":72607,"journal":{"name":"Clinical case reports and reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67448885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Infant with Sandhoff disease: A case report","authors":"Z. Sabzi, N. Abkari, Seraj aldin Arefnia","doi":"10.15761/ccrr.1000506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ccrr.1000506","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72607,"journal":{"name":"Clinical case reports and reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67449493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive enteropathy that first presents as intractable diarrhea in neonates. Diarrhea persists throughout life and patients are dependent on parenteral nutrition for growth. Additional features include facial dysmorphism, trichorrhexis nodosa (woolly hair), intra-uterine growth restriction, hepatic disease, skin anomalies and a depressed immune system. Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome is a life limiting disease with variability in its manifestations and severity. Mutations in two different genes, TTC37 or SKIV2L , cause the disorder. In this case report we present a neonate with a novel mutation in TTC37 that resulted in a severe phenotype associated with fulminate sepsis. The infant presented at one week of age with sudden onset of diarrhea and dehydration. Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome was diagnosed by whole exome sequencing but was not initially considered because the infant lacked many of the diagnostic clinical features. Soon after presentation, the infant developed pneumoperitoneum and necrosis of entire bowel. The blood culture was positive for Clostridium perfringens. Autopsy showed bacteria in the parenchyma and vasculature of all major internal organs as well as within the bone marrow, connective tissue and skeletal muscle but there was minimal inflammatory response. The lack of migration of white blood cells to the sites of infection is likely due to the combined immunodeficiency reported in patients with tricho-hepato-enteric
{"title":"Enterocolitis with fulminate sepsis in a newborn with tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome: A case report","authors":"D. Lorant, K. Kua","doi":"10.15761/CCRR.1000498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/CCRR.1000498","url":null,"abstract":"Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive enteropathy that first presents as intractable diarrhea in neonates. Diarrhea persists throughout life and patients are dependent on parenteral nutrition for growth. Additional features include facial dysmorphism, trichorrhexis nodosa (woolly hair), intra-uterine growth restriction, hepatic disease, skin anomalies and a depressed immune system. Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome is a life limiting disease with variability in its manifestations and severity. Mutations in two different genes, TTC37 or SKIV2L , cause the disorder. In this case report we present a neonate with a novel mutation in TTC37 that resulted in a severe phenotype associated with fulminate sepsis. The infant presented at one week of age with sudden onset of diarrhea and dehydration. Tricho-hepato-enteric syndrome was diagnosed by whole exome sequencing but was not initially considered because the infant lacked many of the diagnostic clinical features. Soon after presentation, the infant developed pneumoperitoneum and necrosis of entire bowel. The blood culture was positive for Clostridium perfringens. Autopsy showed bacteria in the parenchyma and vasculature of all major internal organs as well as within the bone marrow, connective tissue and skeletal muscle but there was minimal inflammatory response. The lack of migration of white blood cells to the sites of infection is likely due to the combined immunodeficiency reported in patients with tricho-hepato-enteric","PeriodicalId":72607,"journal":{"name":"Clinical case reports and reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67449035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. García-Alfonso, G. T. Pérez-Solero, J. Soto Alsar, A. M. Muñoz Martín, J. Parrondo
{"title":"Biomarkers in early colorectal, esophageal, and gastric cancer","authors":"P. García-Alfonso, G. T. Pérez-Solero, J. Soto Alsar, A. M. Muñoz Martín, J. Parrondo","doi":"10.15761/ccrr.1000508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ccrr.1000508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72607,"journal":{"name":"Clinical case reports and reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67449644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. F. Jiménez-García, G. Aguilera-Manrique, Laura Parra-Anguita, J. Torra-Bou, Irene Villegas-Tripiana, F. P. García-Fernández
It is well known that oxidative stress is a pathologic condition that compromises wound evolution, contributing to inflammatory environment maintaining and wound healing stagnation. This condition specially affects to aged people and to patients with important comorbidities, whereby healing capabilities are significantly impaired. In this work, a new therapeutic approach through a new antioxidant technology with natural components has been applied, in order to manage the oxidative stress, in 31 patients with complex chronic wounds of different etiologies, attended to the Sanitary West District in Almería (Spain). Wound assessments were performed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks and main endpoints included the evolution of wound healing (% of healing rate and Resvech 2.0 score) and pain relief. The treatment with antioxidant dressing produced a significant decrease of RESVECH 2.0 of 37.28%, 58.52% and 67.8% at 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively and during the 12 week follow-up, 16/31 wounds totally healed (50%). In addition, a decrease in pain and biofilm presence in wounds were observed. In conclusion, the analyzed antioxidant approach could be a new therapeutic strategy directed to overcome the inflammatory phase in complex wounds and allow the progression over the healing process.
{"title":"An antioxidant approach directed to non-healing wounds activation - A case report study","authors":"J. F. Jiménez-García, G. Aguilera-Manrique, Laura Parra-Anguita, J. Torra-Bou, Irene Villegas-Tripiana, F. P. García-Fernández","doi":"10.15761/CCRR.1000499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/CCRR.1000499","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that oxidative stress is a pathologic condition that compromises wound evolution, contributing to inflammatory environment maintaining and wound healing stagnation. This condition specially affects to aged people and to patients with important comorbidities, whereby healing capabilities are significantly impaired. In this work, a new therapeutic approach through a new antioxidant technology with natural components has been applied, in order to manage the oxidative stress, in 31 patients with complex chronic wounds of different etiologies, attended to the Sanitary West District in Almería (Spain). Wound assessments were performed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks and main endpoints included the evolution of wound healing (% of healing rate and Resvech 2.0 score) and pain relief. The treatment with antioxidant dressing produced a significant decrease of RESVECH 2.0 of 37.28%, 58.52% and 67.8% at 4, 8 and 12 weeks respectively and during the 12 week follow-up, 16/31 wounds totally healed (50%). In addition, a decrease in pain and biofilm presence in wounds were observed. In conclusion, the analyzed antioxidant approach could be a new therapeutic strategy directed to overcome the inflammatory phase in complex wounds and allow the progression over the healing process.","PeriodicalId":72607,"journal":{"name":"Clinical case reports and reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67449265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began, frontline workers in general face the stress of uncertainty and fear in encountering infected individuals in the wider public. Frontline healthcare workers are at particular risk for increasing stress levels when treating and caring for COVID-19 patients. These healthcare professionals experience anxiety, psychological pressure and post-traumatic stress with their associated workloads [1-3]. Post-traumatic stress accompanying the COVID-19 outbreak in healthcare workers also elicits hyperarousal and decreased sleep quality [4]. Post-traumatic stress is known to induce somatization with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms [5].
{"title":"Gastrointestinal symptom and stress recall survey in frontline healthcare workers after consumption of a combined quebracho/conker tree/M. balsamea willd extract during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"K. Brown, Brandi Scott-Hoy, B. Burnett","doi":"10.15761/CCRR.1000502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/CCRR.1000502","url":null,"abstract":"Since the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began, frontline workers in general face the stress of uncertainty and fear in encountering infected individuals in the wider public. Frontline healthcare workers are at particular risk for increasing stress levels when treating and caring for COVID-19 patients. These healthcare professionals experience anxiety, psychological pressure and post-traumatic stress with their associated workloads [1-3]. Post-traumatic stress accompanying the COVID-19 outbreak in healthcare workers also elicits hyperarousal and decreased sleep quality [4]. Post-traumatic stress is known to induce somatization with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms [5].","PeriodicalId":72607,"journal":{"name":"Clinical case reports and reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67449524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
she Abstract Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, is useful in the treatment of patients with psychotic symptoms. However, severe adverse effects, such as agranulocytosis, can restrict its indications. We present a case of a 42-year-old Caucasian woman with a 4-year history of persistent delusion disorder, who presented with fatigue and fever and was ultimately diagnosed with agranulocytosis due to clozapine. Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis is an uncommon condition, but potentially fatal in consequences. Each patient with an episode of agranulocytosis should be assessed individually, with special attention to risk factors. Upon that, the decision about clozapine rechallenge or withdrawal should be made.
{"title":"A rare cause of agranulocytosis","authors":"H. Luís, C. Barros, M. Fernandes, S. Granito","doi":"10.15761/CCRR.1000501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/CCRR.1000501","url":null,"abstract":"she Abstract Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic agent, is useful in the treatment of patients with psychotic symptoms. However, severe adverse effects, such as agranulocytosis, can restrict its indications. We present a case of a 42-year-old Caucasian woman with a 4-year history of persistent delusion disorder, who presented with fatigue and fever and was ultimately diagnosed with agranulocytosis due to clozapine. Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis is an uncommon condition, but potentially fatal in consequences. Each patient with an episode of agranulocytosis should be assessed individually, with special attention to risk factors. Upon that, the decision about clozapine rechallenge or withdrawal should be made.","PeriodicalId":72607,"journal":{"name":"Clinical case reports and reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67449418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management of knotted ureteral stent: A case report and comprehensive review of literature","authors":"Z. Choo, Seok Kwan Felicia Hong, Yee Mun Lee","doi":"10.15761/ccrr.1000507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/ccrr.1000507","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72607,"journal":{"name":"Clinical case reports and reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67449543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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