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All-Bands-Flat Floquet Topological Photonic Insulators with Microring Lattices 具有微oring 晶格的全带平面浮凸拓扑光子绝缘体
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202470021
Hanfa Song, Vien Van

Topological Photonic Insulators

In article number 2400023, Vien Van and Hanfa Song present the design and realization of (2 + 1)D topological photonic insulators hosting all flat bands, which exhibit novel properties such as anomalous Floquet insulator phase, ultra-wide edge mode continuum, super robustness to disorder, and photon caging in compact localized bulk states. These lattices have broadband applications in topologically-protected quantum photonics and programmable photonic circuits.

拓扑光子绝缘体 在编号为 2400023 的文章中,Vien Van 和 Hanfa Song 介绍了 (2 + 1)D 拓扑光子绝缘体的设计与实现,这种绝缘体承载所有平带,具有新颖的特性,如反常的 Floquet 绝缘体相位、超宽边缘模式连续体、对无序的超强鲁棒性,以及在紧凑局部体态中的光子笼。这些晶格可广泛应用于拓扑保护量子光子学和可编程光子电路。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of the Internal Quantum Efficiency of III-Nitride Blue Micro-Light-Emitting Diodes by the Hole Accelerator at the Low Current Density 低电流密度下利用空穴加速器提高 III 氮化物蓝色微型发光二极管的内部量子效率
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202300262
An-Chi Wei, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, Jyh-Rou Sze, Quoc-Hung Pham

The hole accelerator is proven to benefit the hole injection for traditional light-emitting diodes (LEDs) because the induced electric field provides the holes with more kinetic energy to pass through the electron-blocking layer, enhancing the hole injection efficiency. Herein, the effect of the hole accelerator (HA) layer on the micro-LEDs by modeling the characteristics of the devices with a current density of lower than 10 A cm−2 is investigated. The simulation results show that the appended HA layer brings a knot of the electric field in the HA layer, leading to higher internal quantum efficiency (IQE) than the device without HA under the low current density. The thickness and composition of HA, the quantum number, and the material of quantum barrier are also simulated and analyzed. The simulated radiative, Shockley–Read–Hall, and Auger recombination rates show that the IQE of the micro-LED with the HA layer is higher than that without the HA layer under the current density of lower than 10 A cm−2.

事实证明,空穴加速器有利于传统发光二极管(LED)的空穴注入,因为诱导电场为空穴提供了更多的动能,使其能够穿过电子阻挡层,从而提高了空穴注入效率。本文通过模拟电流密度低于 10 A cm-2 的器件特性,研究了空穴加速器(HA)层对微型发光二极管的影响。模拟结果表明,在低电流密度下,附着的 HA 层会带来 HA 层中的电场结,从而使器件的内部量子效率(IQE)高于不附着 HA 层的器件。此外,还对 HA 的厚度和成分、量子数以及量子势垒的材料进行了模拟和分析。模拟的辐射、肖克利-雷德-霍尔和奥格重组率表明,在低于 10 A cm-2 的电流密度下,有 HA 层的微型 LED 的 IQE 比没有 HA 层的要高。
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引用次数: 0
Upconversion of Infrared Light by Graphitic Microparticles Due to Photoinduced Structural Modification 光诱导结构改性导致石墨微粒对红外光的上转换
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-04 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202470023
Rohin Sharma, Nishma Bhattarai, Rijan Maharjan, Lilia M. Woods, Nirajan Ojha, Ashim Dhakal

Photoinduced Structural Modification

In article number 2300326, Ashim Dhakal and co-workers show that photo-induced metastable modification of electronic structure in graphite allows for multiphoton processes that can up-convert an O-band infrared excitation to visible-NIR band in graphite powder. Theoretically, this process can upconvert an infrared light near the wavelength of 3 μm to VIS-NIR wavelengths. It opens exciting new avenues for applications in visible light generation and low-noise imaging using infrared light excitation.

光诱导结构修饰 在编号为 2300326 的文章中,Ashim Dhakal 及其合作者展示了光诱导石墨中电子结构的陨变修饰,从而实现了多光子过程,可将石墨粉中的 O 波段红外激发上转换为可见光-近红外波段。从理论上讲,这一过程可将波长为 3 μm 附近的红外线上转换为可见光-近红外波段。它为利用红外光激发可见光生成和低噪声成像的应用开辟了令人兴奋的新途径。
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引用次数: 0
Design and Fabrication of 3D-Printed Lab-On-A-Chip Devices for Fiber-Based Optical Chromatography and Sorting 设计和制造用于光纤色谱和分拣的三维打印片上实验室设备
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202400011
Ole Milark, Marc Buttkewitz, Emil Agócs, Beate Legutko, Benjamin Bergmann, Janina Bahnemann, Alexander Heisterkamp, Maria Leilani Torres-Mapa

Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices have become essential tools for multitudes of applications in various research fields. 3D printing of microfluidic LOC devices offers many advantages over more traditional manufacturing processes, including rapid prototyping and single-step fabrication of complex 3D structures. In this work, 3D-printed microfluidic devices are designed and fabricated for optical chromatography and sorting. Optical chromatography is performed by inserting a single-mode optical fiber into the device creating a counter-propagating laser beam to the fluid flow. Particles are separated depending on refractive index and size. To demonstrate optical sorting, a cross-type sorter 3D-printed microfluidic device is fabricated that directs the laser beam perpendicular to the flow direction. Design features such as a sloping channel and a channel configuration for 3D hydrodynamic focusing (to aid in controlled sample flow and particle position) help to optimize sorting performance. Stable optofluidic trapping and sorting are successfully achieved using the fabricated microfluidic devices. These results highlight the tremendous potential of 3D printing of microfluidic LOC devices for applications aimed at the optofluidic manipulation of micron-sized particles.

微流控芯片实验室(LOC)设备已成为各研究领域众多应用的重要工具。与传统制造工艺相比,三维打印微流控芯片设备具有许多优势,包括快速原型设计和复杂三维结构的单步制造。在这项工作中,我们设计并制造了用于光学色谱和分拣的三维打印微流控设备。光学色谱法是通过将单模光纤插入设备,在流体流动中产生一束反向传播的激光束来实现的。颗粒根据折射率和大小进行分离。为了演示光学分拣,我们制作了一个交叉型分拣机 3D 打印微流控装置,该装置可将激光束垂直于流动方向。倾斜通道和三维流体动力聚焦通道配置(有助于控制样品流和颗粒位置)等设计特点有助于优化分拣性能。利用制造的微流体设备成功实现了稳定的光流体捕获和分拣。这些结果凸显了三维打印微流体 LOC 设备在微米级颗粒光流体操纵应用中的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Chiral Emission from Optical Metasurfaces and Metacavities 光学元表面和元腔的手性发射
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202400060
Jungho Han, Heejoo Jang, Yeonsoo Lim, Seong S. Kim, Jeheon Lee, Young Chul Jun
Chiral emission exhibiting a large degree of circular polarization (DCP) is important in diverse applications ranging from displays and optical storage to optical communication, bioimaging, and medical diagnostics. Although chiral luminescent materials can generate chiral emissions directly, they frequently suffer from either low DCP or low quantum efficiencies. Achieving high DCP and quantum efficiencies simultaneously remains extremely challenging. This review introduces an alternative approach to chiral emission. Chiral emission with large DCP can be readily achieved by combining conventional achiral emitters with chiral metasurfaces. Particularly, this article focuses on recent experimental and theoretical studies on perovskite metasurfaces and metacavities that employ achiral perovskite materials. First, chiral photoluminescence from extrinsic and intrinsic perovskite metasurfaces is explained together with theoretical discussions on metasurface design based on reciprocity and critical coupling. Chiral photoluminescence from other achiral materials is also explained. Subsequently, chiral electroluminescence from perovskite metacavities and other achiral materials is discussed. Finally, it is concluded with future perspectives. This review provides physical insights into how ideal chiral emission can be realized by optimizing the design of metasurfaces and metacavities. Compact chiral light sources with both near‐unity DCP and strong emission intensities can have far‐reaching consequences in a wide range of future applications.
在从显示器和光存储到光通信、生物成像和医疗诊断等各种应用中,表现出高度圆偏振(DCP)的手性发射非常重要。虽然手性发光材料可以直接产生手性发射,但它们经常受到低 DCP 或低量子效率的困扰。同时实现高 DCP 和量子效率仍然极具挑战性。本综述介绍了手性发射的另一种方法。通过将传统的非手性发射器与手性元表面相结合,可以轻松实现大 DCP 的手性发射。本文特别关注了最近关于采用非手性包晶材料的包晶元表面和元腔的实验和理论研究。首先,解释了来自外在性和内在性包晶元表面的手性光致发光,并对基于互易性和临界耦合的元表面设计进行了理论探讨。还解释了其他非手性材料的手性光致发光。随后,讨论了来自包晶体元腔和其他非手性材料的手性电致发光。最后,以未来展望作结。这篇综述从物理角度阐述了如何通过优化元表面和元腔的设计来实现理想的手性发射。同时具有近乎统一 DCP 和强发射强度的紧凑型手性光源将在未来的广泛应用中产生深远影响。
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引用次数: 0
Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies for Microplastics Identification: Progress and Challenges 用于识别微塑料的先进光学成像技术:进展与挑战
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202400038
Yanmin Zhu, Yuxing Li, Jianqing Huang, Yunping Zhang, Yuen-Wa Ho, James Kar-Hei Fang, Edmund Y. Lam

Global concern about microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) particles is continuously rising with their proliferation worldwide. Effective identification methods for MP and NP pollution monitoring are highly needed, but due to different requirements and technical challenges, much of the work is still in progress. Herein, the advanced optical imaging systems that are successfully applied or have the potential for MP identification are focused on. Compared with chemical and thermal analyses, optical methods have the unique advantages of being nondestructive and noncontact and allow fast detection without complex sample preprocessing. Furthermore, they are capable of revealing the morphology, anisotropy, and material characteristics of MP for their quick and robust detection. This review aims to present a comprehensive discussion of the relevant optical imaging systems, emphasizing their operating principles, strengths, and drawbacks. Multiple comparisons and analyses among these technologies are conducted in order to provide practical guidelines for researchers. In addition, the combination of optical and other alternative technologies is described and the representative portable MP detection devices are highlighted. Together, they shed light on the prospects for long-term MP pollution monitoring and environmental protection.

随着微塑料(MP)和纳米塑料(NP)颗粒在全球范围内的扩散,全球对它们的关注度不断上升。监测 MP 和 NP 污染亟需有效的识别方法,但由于要求和技术难度不同,许多工作仍在进行中。在此,将重点介绍已成功应用于或有潜力应用于 MP 识别的先进光学成像系统。与化学分析和热分析相比,光学方法具有无损、非接触、无需复杂样品预处理即可快速检测等独特优势。此外,它们还能揭示 MP 的形态、各向异性和材料特性,从而实现快速、可靠的检测。本综述旨在全面讨论相关的光学成像系统,强调其工作原理、优点和缺点。对这些技术进行了多方面的比较和分析,以便为研究人员提供实用的指导。此外,还介绍了光学技术与其他替代技术的结合,并重点介绍了具有代表性的便携式 MP 检测设备。它们共同揭示了长期 MP 污染监测和环境保护的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Structural Colors Derived from the Combination of Core–Shell Particles with Cellulose 核壳粒子与纤维素结合产生的结构色彩
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202400091
Regina Leiner, Lukas Siegwardt, Catarina Ribeiro, Jonas Dörr, Christian Dietz, Robert W. Stark, Markus Gallei

Combining cellulose-based components with functional materials is highly interesting in various research fields due to the improved strength and stiffness of the materials combined with their low weight. Herein, the mechanical properties of opal films are improved by incorporating cellulose fibers and microcrystalline cellulose. This is evidenced by the increase in tensile strength of 162.8% after adding 10 wt% of microcrystalline cellulose. For this purpose, core–shell particles with a rigid, crosslinked polystyrene core and a soft shell of poly(ethyl acrylate) and poly(ethyl acrylate-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) are synthesized via starved-feed emulsion polymerization. The synthesized particles’ well-defined shape, morphology, and thermal properties are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Free-standing mechanochromic opal films with incorporated cellulose and structural colors are obtained after processing the core–shell particles with cellulose via extrusion and the melt-shear organization technique. The homogeneous distribution of the cellulose within the composite material is investigated using fluorescent-labeled cellulose. The opal film's angle-dependent structural color is demonstrated using reflection spectroscopy.

将纤维素基成分与功能材料相结合在各个研究领域都非常有意义,因为纤维素基材料的强度和刚度都有所提高,而且重量轻。在这里,通过加入纤维素纤维和微晶纤维素,乳白薄膜的机械性能得到了改善。加入 10 wt% 的微晶纤维素后,拉伸强度提高了 162.8%,这就是证明。为此,我们通过饥饿进料乳液聚合法合成了具有刚性交联聚苯乙烯芯和聚丙烯酸乙酯和聚丙烯酸乙酯-甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯软壳的核壳颗粒。利用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和差示扫描量热法测量分析了合成颗粒的明确形状、形态和热性能。通过挤压和熔融剪切组织技术将核壳颗粒与纤维素一起加工后,得到了含有纤维素和结构色的独立机械变色乳白色薄膜。使用荧光标记的纤维素对纤维素在复合材料中的均匀分布进行了研究。利用反射光谱法展示了蛋白石薄膜随角度变化的结构颜色。
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引用次数: 0
Magnetron Sputter Deposition of Amorphous Silicon–SiO2 Quantized Nanolaminates 磁控溅射沉积非晶硅-二氧化硅定量纳米层压板
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202400057
S. S. Thöny, Manuel Bärtschi, Marietta Batzer, Manuel Baselgia, Raphael Gmünder, Amit Sharma, Tijmen Vermeij, Xavier Maeder, Stephan Waldner
Quantization effects in nanolaminate structures of oxide materials are proposed and experimentally demonstrated only recently. Herein, the material combination of amorphous silicon and SiO2 deposited by magnetron sputtering is investigated and it is shown that the quantization effect can be observed indeed. Transmission electron microscopy characterization gives evidence of continuous layers of amorphous silicon and SiO2 with well‐defined interfaces. The deposition process is described and the tunability of the refractive index and the bandgap energy is demonstrated. By doing so, the advantages of this novel material over classical optical materials are shown and feasibility is proved. As an example, a longpass optical interference filter with edge at 720 nm is deposited using quantized nanolaminates as the high and SiO2 as the low refractive index material. This filter can be deposited successfully with close match to the design. It shows a blocking range throughout the visible spectrum whereas a comparable filter based on SiO2–TiO2 only blocks 500–700 nm.
氧化物材料纳米层状结构中的量子化效应直到最近才被提出并在实验中得到证实。本文研究了通过磁控溅射沉积的非晶硅和二氧化硅的材料组合,结果表明确实可以观察到量子化效应。透射电子显微镜表征表明,非晶硅和二氧化硅层是连续的,且界面清晰。对沉积过程进行了描述,并展示了折射率和带隙能的可调性。通过这种方法,展示了这种新型材料相对于传统光学材料的优势,并证明了其可行性。例如,以量子化纳米层板为高折射率材料,二氧化硅为低折射率材料,沉积了一个边缘波长为 720 纳米的长通光学干涉滤波器。该滤光片的沉积非常成功,与设计非常吻合。它的阻挡范围覆盖整个可见光谱,而基于二氧化硅-二氧化钛的同类滤光片只能阻挡 500-700 纳米的波长。
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引用次数: 0
From Pixels to Information: Artificial Intelligence in Fluorescence Microscopy 从像素到信息:荧光显微镜中的人工智能
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202300308
Seungjae Han, Joshua Yedam You, Minho Eom, Sungjin Ahn, Eun-Seo Cho, Young-Gyu Yoon

This review explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming fluorescence microscopy, providing an overview of its fundamental principles and recent advancements. The roles of AI in improving image quality and introducing new imaging modalities are discussed, offering a comprehensive perspective on these changes. Additionally, a unified framework is introduced for comprehending AI-driven microscopy methodologies and categorizing them into linear inverse problem-solving, denoising, and nonlinear prediction. Furthermore, the potential of self-supervised learning techniques that address the challenges associated with training the networks are explored, utilizing unlabeled microscopy data to enhance data quality and expand imaging capabilities. It is worth noting that while the specific examples and advancements discussed in this review focus on fluorescence microscopy, the general approaches and theories are directly applicable to other optical microscopy methods.

这篇综述探讨了人工智能(AI)如何改变荧光显微技术,概述了其基本原理和最新进展。文章讨论了人工智能在提高图像质量和引入新成像模式方面的作用,为这些变化提供了一个全面的视角。此外,还介绍了一个统一的框架,用于理解人工智能驱动的显微镜方法,并将其分为线性逆向问题解决、去噪和非线性预测。此外,还探讨了自监督学习技术的潜力,这些技术可以利用未标记的显微镜数据来提高数据质量并扩展成像能力,从而解决与训练网络相关的挑战。值得注意的是,虽然本综述中讨论的具体例子和进展侧重于荧光显微镜,但一般方法和理论可直接适用于其他光学显微镜方法。
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引用次数: 0
Radioluminescence Dosimetry in Modern Radiation Therapy 现代放射治疗中的放射剂量测量法
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202300350
Arash Darafsheh, Sreekrishna Murty Goddu, Jeffrey Williamson, Tiezhi Zhang, Lee G. Sobotka

Accurate and precise measurement of radiation energy delivered to and absorbed by the patient's tissue is of great importance in radiation therapy (RT) quality assurance. Radioluminescence (RL) dosimetry has shown great potential for high spatiotemporal resolution dose measurement of RT fields. Implementation of efficient RL dosimetry in RT requires multidisciplinary effort and skills in optics, medical physics, radiation physics, electronics, and imaging science. In this review, a wide overview of fundamentals and applications of RL properties of media for RT dosimetry with emphasis on their potential use for multidimensional, small-field, and ultra-high dose rate RT dosimetry is provided.

准确、精确地测量照射到患者组织上的辐射能量以及患者组织对辐射能量的吸收情况,对于保证放射治疗(RT)的质量具有重要意义。放射线发光(RL)剂量测定在高时空分辨率 RT 场剂量测量方面显示出巨大的潜力。在放射治疗中实施高效的 RL 剂量测定需要光学、医学物理学、放射物理学、电子学和成像科学等多学科的努力和技能。本综述广泛概述了 RT 剂量测定介质的 RL 特性的基本原理和应用,重点介绍了它们在多维、小场和超高剂量率 RT 剂量测定中的潜在用途。
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引用次数: 0
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