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Miura Origami-Inspired Reconfigurable Phase Gradient Metasurface for Linearly and Circularly Polarized Differential Modulation 用于线性和圆极化差分调制的三浦折纸启发式可重构相位梯度元面
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202400025
Zhibiao Zhu, Yongfeng Li, Jiafu Wang, Lixin Jiang, Zhe Qin, Lin Zheng, Hongya Chen, Wenjie Wang, Shaobo Qu

Miura origami's reconfigurable characteristic and structural asymmetry, combined with electromagnetic (EM) wave manipulation, crashed a unique spark. However, the complexity of the three-dimensional (3D) origami structure after folding makes it challenging to study the phase regulation mechanism. Here, we propose a reconfigurable phase gradient metasurface based on Miura origami and derive the underlying mechanism of phase modulation in detail under linearly and circularly polarized (LP and CP) incidence. We adopt the one-dimensional (1D) gradient design along the x direction to verify the idea. The phase calculation formulas are given under LP and CP incidence through the Jones matrix's derivation. The beam deflector angles corresponding to LP and CP waves are identical in the planar state. As the folding angle increases, the phase evolution rules corresponding to the LP and CP waves are discrepant, leading to differential beam steering. Finally, the origami sample is processed for verification, and the experimental data are consistent with the simulation and theoretically calculated values. We believe this work can help analyze the EM behavior of complex 3D origami structures and lay a foundation for designing a multifunctional EM origami metasurface.

三浦折纸的可重构特性和结构不对称性与电磁波操纵相结合,碰撞出独特的火花。然而,折叠后的三维(3D)折纸结构非常复杂,这给研究相位调节机制带来了挑战。在此,我们提出了一种基于三浦折纸的可重构相位梯度元表面,并详细推导了在线性和圆极化(LP 和 CP)入射条件下相位调制的基本机制。我们采用沿 x 方向的一维(1D)梯度设计来验证这一想法。通过琼斯矩阵的推导,我们给出了 LP 和 CP 入射条件下的相位计算公式。在平面状态下,LP 波和 CP 波对应的光束偏转角是相同的。随着折叠角的增大,LP 波和 CP 波对应的相位演化规则出现差异,从而导致不同的光束转向。最后,对折纸样品进行了验证,实验数据与模拟值和理论计算值一致。我们相信这项工作有助于分析复杂三维折纸结构的电磁行为,并为设计多功能电磁折纸元表面奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Biocompatible and Implantable Hydrogel Optical Waveguide with Lens-Microneedles for Enhancing Light Delivery in Photodynamic Therapy 带透镜微针的生物相容性可植入水凝胶光波导,用于增强光动力疗法中的光传输
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202400031
Lieber Po-Hung Li, Ai-Wei Li, Wei-Yu Chen, Chia-Hsiung Cheng, Yu-Bin Chen, Cheng-Yang Liu

The finite penetration depth of light in biological tissues is a practical constraint in light-induced therapies, such as antimicrobial light therapy, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic cancer therapy. Herein, a biocompatible and implantable device, termed hydrogel planar waveguide with lens-microneedles, for light delivery in deep tissue is demonstrated. The prototype device, integrated planar waveguide and lens-microneedles, is fabricated by press-molding polyethylene glycol diacrylate polymers. The optical beams through the lens-microneedles are focused at a specific point to realize the optimal intensity profile in the tissue. The adequate treatment depth and region for the hydrogel planar waveguide with five lens-microneedles are extended to 24 mm and 3.1 cm2. The photoswitchable chemotherapeutic against colorectal cancer cells is switched by using different hydrogel waveguides. The performances of hydrogel-waveguide-enabled photoswitching are characterized by the dose responses from the optical microscope, crystal violet staining, and MTT assays. The anticancer drug activated by the hydrogel planar waveguide with five lens-microneedles is shown to be twice as effective as the other fibers and waveguides in causing cancer cell death. The proposed biodegradable waveguide can be utilized for long-term light delivery and does not require to be removed as it is gradually resorbed by the tissue. The results point to a new paradigm for widespread use in photomedicine.

光在生物组织中的有限穿透深度是光诱导疗法(如抗菌光疗法、光热疗法和光动力癌症疗法)的一个实际限制因素。本文展示了一种用于深层组织光传输的生物相容性可植入设备,称为带透镜微针的水凝胶平面波导。该原型装置集成了平面波导和透镜微针,是通过压模聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯聚合物制成的。通过透镜微针的光束聚焦在一个特定点上,以实现组织中的最佳强度曲线。带有五个透镜微针的水凝胶平面波导的适当治疗深度和区域扩展到 24 毫米和 3.1 平方厘米。通过使用不同的水凝胶波导,对结直肠癌细胞进行了光开关化疗。光学显微镜、水晶紫染色和 MTT 试验的剂量反应表征了水凝胶波导光开关的性能。结果表明,由带有五个透镜微针的水凝胶平面波导激活的抗癌药物在导致癌细胞死亡方面的效果是其他纤维和波导的两倍。所提出的生物可降解波导可用于长期光传输,而且无需移除,因为它会逐渐被组织吸收。研究结果为光医 学的广泛应用提供了新的范例。
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引用次数: 0
Inkjet Printing of Yb:YAG Transparent Ceramic Planar Waveguide Laser Gain Medium 喷墨打印 Yb:YAG 透明陶瓷平面波导激光增益介质
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202300320
Haoran Wang, Wenlan Gao, Jian Zhang, Jie Ma, Haohao Ji, Mengmeng Xie, Xiaojian Mao, Shiwei Wang, Lei Wang, Yuan Gao

Herein, a YAG/10 at% Yb:YAG/YAG transparent ceramic planar waveguide (PWG) gain medium has been molded via inkjet printing and dry pressing molding. The composition and rheological property of ink are optimized along with the printing process to enhance the printing accuracy and quality. The PWG has dimensions of 13.5 × 8.0 × 1.8 mm3, while the thickness of the core Yb:YAG layer is ≈190 μm. The in-line transmittance of the PWG reaches 81.7% at 1030 nm, and the average grain size is ≈2.3 μm. The diffusion characteristics of Yb ions across the interface between the cladding YAG layer and the core Yb:YAG layer are investigated by calculating the diffusion coefficient and the mean diffusion distance of 172Yb ions. The Yb:YAG PWG oscillator, which is pumped from a single end by a 940 nm laser diode, produces continuous wave laser at a wavelength of 1030 nm and exhibits the highest power (3.8 W) and highest absorbed–output slope efficiency (64.6%).

在此,通过喷墨打印和干压成型技术,一种 YAG/10 at% Yb:YAG/YAG 透明陶瓷平面波导 (PWG) 增益介质得以成型。在打印过程中,对墨水的成分和流变特性进行了优化,以提高打印精度和质量。PWG 的尺寸为 13.5 × 8.0 × 1.8 mm3,核心 Yb:YAG 层的厚度为 ≈190 μm。PWG 在 1030 纳米波长的在线透射率达到 81.7%,平均晶粒大小≈2.3 μm。通过计算 172Yb 离子的扩散系数和平均扩散距离,研究了 Yb 离子在包层 YAG 层和核心 Yb:YAG 层之间的扩散特性。Yb:YAG PWG 振荡器由一个 940 nm 激光二极管从单端泵浦,产生波长为 1030 nm 的连续波激光,功率最大(3.8 W),吸收-输出斜率效率最高(64.6%)。
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引用次数: 0
Silicon-Rich Nitride Refractive Index as a Degree of Freedom to Maximize Nonlinear Wave Mixing in Nanowaveguides 将富氮化硅折射率作为最大化纳米波导中非线性混波的自由度
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202400017
Dmitrii Belogolovskii, Nikola Alic, Andrew Grieco, Yeshaiahu Fainman
<p>Silicon nitride is widely used in integrated photonics for optical nonlinear wave mixing due to its low optical losses combined with relatively high nonlinear optical properties and a wide-range transparency window. It is known that a higher concentration of Si in silicon-rich nitride (SRN) magnifies both the nonlinear response and optical losses, including nonlinear losses. To address the trade-off, four-wave mixing (FWM) is implemented in over a hundred SRN waveguides prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in a wide range of SRN refractive indices varying between 2.5 and 3.2 (measured in the C-band). It is determined that SRN with a refractive index of about 3 maximizes the FWM efficiency for continuous-wave operation, indicating that the refractive index of SRN is indeed a crucial optimization parameter for nonlinear optics applications. The FWM efficiency is limited by large nonlinear optical losses observed in SRN waveguides with indices larger than 2.7, which are not related to two-photon absorption. Finally, the third-order susceptibility <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> </mrow> <annotation>$left(chiright)_{3}$</annotation> </semantics></math> and the nonlinear refractive index <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> </mrow> <annotation>$n_{2}$</annotation> </semantics></math> are estimated for multiple SRN refractive indices, and, specifically, the nonlinearities as large as <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>χ</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>(</mo> <mn>12.6</mn> <mo>±</mo> <mn>1.4</mn> <mo>)</mo> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>19</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo> </mo> <msup> <mi>m</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo> </mo> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup>
氮化硅具有低光学损耗、相对较高的非线性光学特性和宽范围的透明窗口,因此被广泛应用于集成光子学中的光学非线性波混合。众所周知,富硅氮化物(SRN)中硅的浓度越高,非线性响应和光学损耗(包括非线性损耗)就越大。为解决这一权衡问题,在等离子体增强化学气相沉积法制备的一百多个 SRN 波导中实现了四波混频(FWM),SRN 的折射率在 2.5 和 3.2 之间(在 C 波段测量)。结果表明,折射率约为 3 的 SRN 可最大限度地提高连续波操作的 FWM 效率,这表明 SRN 的折射率确实是非线性光学应用的一个关键优化参数。在折射率大于 2.7 的 SRN 波导中观察到的大量非线性光学损耗限制了 FWM 效率,这与双光子吸收无关。最后,我们估算了多种 SRN 折射率下的三阶易感性和非线性折射率,特别是在 SRN 折射率为 3.2 的波导中估算了大至 和 的非线性。
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引用次数: 0
A Thermally Reconfigurable Photonic Switch Utilizing Drop Cast Vanadium Oxide Nanoparticles on Silicon Waveguides 利用硅波导上的滴注氧化钒纳米颗粒实现热可重构光子开关
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202300295
Gregory Tanyi, Daniel Peace, Mohammed Taha, Elliot Cheng, Xuan Hiep Dinh, Guanghui Ren, Christina Lim, Arnan Mitchell, Ranjith R. Unnithan

Photonic switches play a vital role in optical communications and computer networks for establishing and releasing connections of optical signals. With the growing demand for ultra-compact switches in high-speed optical computing and communications, thermally reconfigurable optical switches have gained significant attention. These switches offer simplicity, ease of fabrication, and leverage a wide range of thermo-optic materials. Silicon remains an ideal platform for making photonic devices including the switches due to its compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology and cost-effectiveness. The article presents a drop cast sub-stoichiometric vanadium oxide (VO2−x) nanoparticles combined with a silicon ridge waveguide to make a compact thermally reconfigurable optical switch with low transition temperature and accelerated phase transition. Furthermore, the design achieves high modulation depth in addition to its scalability and simplicity. This study demonstrates the potential of solution-based VO2−x nanoparticles in combination with silicon waveguides for efficient optical switch design for various applications.

光子开关在光通信和计算机网络中建立和释放光信号连接方面发挥着至关重要的作用。随着高速光计算和光通信领域对超小型开关的需求日益增长,热可重构光开关受到了广泛关注。这些开关结构简单、易于制造,并可利用各种热光学材料。由于硅与互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术的兼容性和成本效益,它仍然是制造包括开关在内的光子器件的理想平台。文章介绍了一种滴铸亚计量氧化钒(VO2-x)纳米粒子与硅脊波导的结合,从而制造出一种具有低转换温度和加速相变的紧凑型热可重构光开关。此外,该设计除了具有可扩展性和简易性之外,还实现了高调制深度。这项研究证明了基于溶液的 VO2-x 纳米粒子与硅波导的结合在为各种应用设计高效光学开关方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Optical Biosensor for Simple Detection of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Mismatches 用于简单检测脱氧核糖核酸错配的局部表面等离子共振光学生物传感器
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202300283
Masixole Yvonne Lugongolo, Saturnin Ombinda-Lemboumba, Lerato Hlekelele, Nontsikelelo Nyokana, Patience Mthunzi-Kufa

Optical biosensors are optical technologies that evaluate changes in the refractive index as they monitor non-covalent molecular interactions in real time. These make use of unsophisticated, label-free analytical approaches, which do not require dyes to produce a visible signal. In this study, the efficiency of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) biosensor in detecting a single nucleotide mismatch in deoxyribonucleic acid is examined. The detection is based on the hybridization of a target DNA at 100 ng μL−1 with a complementary biotinylated probe as well as a partially complementary biotinylated with one nucleotide mismatch probe on a gold-coated surface. Both probes are used at a concentration of 0.1 μm. The LSPR exhibited sensitivity by differentiating sample M+ from sample C+ through varying transmission intensities of 0.28 and 0.26 μA, respectively. Based on these findings, this approach demonstrates a great potential due to its ability to distinguish samples that differ with a single base pair, and its efficiency will be explored in the development of a point-of-care device as a simpler and cost-effective approach for detection of various biologically and medically significant mutations such as antimicrobial resistance mutations. More work is underway to determine the robustness of the LSPR biosensor using the biotin–neutravidin approach.

光学生物传感器是一种光学技术,可在实时监测非共价分子相互作用的同时评估折射率的变化。这些技术利用不复杂的无标记分析方法,无需染料即可产生可见信号。本研究考察了局部表面等离子体共振(LSPR)生物传感器检测脱氧核糖核酸中单核苷酸错配的效率。检测方法是将 100 ng μL-1 的目标 DNA 与一个互补的生物素化探针以及一个部分互补的生物素化探针和一个核苷酸错配探针杂交在镀金表面上。两种探针的浓度均为 0.1 μm。LSPR 通过分别为 0.28 和 0.26 μA 的不同透射强度区分样本 M+ 和样本 C+,表现出灵敏度。基于这些发现,这种方法因其能够区分单碱基对差异的样本而显示出巨大的潜力,其效率将在开发床旁设备时加以探讨,作为一种更简单、更具成本效益的方法,用于检测各种具有生物学和医学意义的突变,如抗生素耐药性突变。目前正在开展更多工作,以确定使用生物素-utravidin 方法的 LSPR 生物传感器的稳健性。
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引用次数: 0
Dual-Comb Interferometry for Coherence Analysis of Tightly Locked Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Frequency Combs 用于紧密锁定中红外量子级联激光频率梳相干分析的双梳干涉仪
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202400006
Alexandre Parriaux, Kenichi N. Komagata, Mathieu Bertrand, Valentin J. Wittwer, Jérôme Faist, Thomas Südmeyer

Frequency combs are powerful tools for many applications and high performances are achieved by stabilizing these lasers. For operation in the mid-infrared, quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are ideal candidates as they present numerous advantages. However, stabilized QCL-combs lack a detailed characterization of their noise properties due to the sensitivity limits of current analyzing techniques. To overcome these challenges, what is believed to be the first tightly locked dual QCL-comb system is developed. Its use is twofold. First, phase noise analysis of the dual-comb signal shows residual phase noise below 600 mrad for all comb lines, and the comb coherence as well as the performances of the repetition frequency locking mechanism is characterized. Second, coherent averaging with a 7 × 105 Hz1/2 figure-of-merit system is demonstrated, which is compatible with high-precision spectroscopy.

频梳是许多应用的强大工具,通过稳定这些激光器可实现高性能。量子级联激光器(QCL)具有众多优点,是中红外工作的理想候选者。然而,由于当前分析技术的灵敏度限制,稳定的 QCL 晶体缺乏对其噪声特性的详细描述。为了克服这些挑战,我们开发了被认为是首个紧密锁定的双 QCL 组合系统。该系统有两个用途。首先,双梳状信号的相位噪声分析表明,所有梳状线的残余相位噪声都低于 600 mrad,梳状相干性以及重复频率锁定机制的性能也得到了表征。其次,演示了 7 × 105 Hz1/2 的相干平均系统,该系统与高精度光谱学兼容。
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引用次数: 0
A Review: Active Tunable Terahertz Metamaterials 综述:有源可调谐太赫兹超材料
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202300351
Jining Li, Jiyue Chen, Dexian Yan, Fei Fan, Kai Chen, Kai Zhong, Yuye Wang, Zhen Tian, Degang Xu

The diversity and practicability of terahertz metamaterials have experienced rapid development in the past decade due to the increasing demand for various devices. This topic has attracted significant interest from researchers. Among the key functional devices in terahertz metamaterial systems, the active control ability of terahertz metamaterials is highly valuable and captivating. This implies that the electromagnetic properties of metamaterials can be modulated over a wide dynamic range by external stimuli. This review categorizes the different types of tunable terahertz metamaterials based on the external stimuli to which they respond, namely, mechanical modulation, electrical modulation, magnetic modulation, and optical modulation. Mechanically modulated devices offer simple yet efficient modulation, while electrical and magnetic modulation provide effective active modulation through electrical mechanisms. Optical modulation, in contrast, focuses on incorporating various materials to achieve active modulation.

由于对各种设备的需求日益增长,太赫兹超材料的多样性和实用性在过去十年中经历了快速发展。这一课题引起了研究人员的极大兴趣。在太赫兹超材料系统的关键功能器件中,太赫兹超材料的主动控制能力极具价值和吸引力。这意味着超材料的电磁特性可以通过外部刺激在宽动态范围内进行调制。本综述根据可调谐太赫兹超材料所响应的外部刺激对其进行了分类,即机械调制、电调制、磁调制和光调制。机械调制设备提供简单而高效的调制,而电调制和磁调制则通过电气机制提供有效的主动调制。相比之下,光学调制则侧重于结合各种材料来实现主动调制。
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引用次数: 0
Robust Layer-Dependent Valley Polarization and Valley Coherence in Spiral WS2 at Room Temperature 室温下螺旋 WS2 中稳健的层间谷极化和谷相干性
IF 3.7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202400014
Xiangdong Li, Tong Tong, Xiaopeng Fan, Minru Qi, Shen Wang, Guofeng Zhang, Ruiyun Chen, Jianyong Hu, Zhichun Yang, Ganying Zeng, Chengbing Qin, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

In the emerging field of valleytronics, it is aimed to coherently manipulate the valley pseudospin as an information-bearing degree of freedom. The 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) provide a unique possibility to generate an excitonic valley pseudospin, opening the way to valley information. Although significant development of valley pseudospin in layered materials has been achieved recently, looking for new TMDCs featuring robust valley phenomenon at room temperature is still desirable for practical applications. Herein, the valley pseudospin of the spiral WS2 with different layer thicknesses at room temperature is investigated by both circular and linear polarization-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. In the experimental results, it is demonstrated that the spiral WS2 emerges robust valley polarization and valley coherence, the degree of circular polarization, and linear polarization gradually increase with the lift of the layer thicknesses, reaching up to 0.91 for valley polarization and 0.94 for valley coherence, respectively. The robust layer-dependent valley pseudospin may originate from the intrinsic broken inversion symmetry, due to the spiral structure of the multilayer WS2. The robust and near-unity valley polarization and valley coherence at room temperature in the spiral WS2 may provide a new platform for optical manipulation of the valley pseudospin for further valleytronics applications.

在新兴的溪谷电子学领域,其目标是连贯地操纵溪谷伪自旋,将其作为一种承载信息的自由度。二维过渡金属二钙化物(TMDCs)为产生激子山谷伪自旋提供了一种独特的可能性,从而为山谷信息开辟了道路。虽然近年来层状材料中的空谷伪自旋取得了重大发展,但寻找在室温下具有强大空谷现象的新型 TMDCs 仍是实际应用的理想选择。本文通过圆偏振和线偏振分辨光致发光光谱法研究了室温下不同层厚的螺旋状 WS2 的山谷伪自旋现象。实验结果表明,螺旋形 WS2 具有稳健的山谷偏振和山谷相干性,圆偏振度和线性偏振度随着层厚的增加而逐渐增加,山谷偏振度和山谷相干性分别达到 0.91 和 0.94。与层相关的强大山谷伪自旋可能源于多层 WS2 的螺旋结构所导致的内在破碎反转对称性。在室温下,螺旋形 WS2 具有稳健且接近统一的山谷偏振和山谷相干性,这可能为山谷伪自旋的光学操纵提供了一个新平台,从而进一步促进山谷电子学的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Holographic Storage of Ultrafast Photonic Qubit in Molecules 全息存储分子中的超快光子丘比特
IF 3.7 Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1002/adpr.202470015
Alexis Voisine, Franck Billard, Olivier Faucher, Pierre Béjot, Edouard Hertz

Orbital Angular Momentum

In article number 2400008, Edouard Hertz and co-workers show how ultrashort spatially structured beams can sculpt a sample of gas-phase molecules in three dimensions so as to produce a spatial pattern of aligned molecules whose shape and temporal evolution allow to restore the spatial light information on a time-delayed reading pulse. This property can be exploited to establish versatile optical processing of orbital angular momentum fields or to design new photonic devices.

轨道角动量 在编号为 2400008 的文章中,爱德华-赫兹(Edouard Hertz)及其合作者展示了超短空间结构光束如何在三维空间中雕刻气相分子样品,从而产生排列整齐的分子空间图案,其形状和时间演变允许在延时读取脉冲上还原空间光信息。可以利用这一特性建立轨道角动量场的多功能光学处理或设计新的光子设备。
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引用次数: 0
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Advanced Photonics Research
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