Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71376
D. Gregory, J. Kirsch, W. M. Crowe
A demonstration of the capabilities and limitations of an optical correlator in a realistic environment has been undertaken. The testing is divided into several phases from laboratory-type data gathering to a fully functional helicopter-delivered demonstration missile. The basic research performed has led to three fully fieldable test units which have proved to be rugged and dependable under normal test range conditions. The units were transportable and required no realignment of the optics. Two of the test systems were modular in construction while the third was a 'solid optic' design having optical paths and components contained within a solid glass construction.<>
{"title":"Optical correlator guidance and tracking field tests","authors":"D. Gregory, J. Kirsch, W. M. Crowe","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71376","url":null,"abstract":"A demonstration of the capabilities and limitations of an optical correlator in a realistic environment has been undertaken. The testing is divided into several phases from laboratory-type data gathering to a fully functional helicopter-delivered demonstration missile. The basic research performed has led to three fully fieldable test units which have proved to be rugged and dependable under normal test range conditions. The units were transportable and required no realignment of the optics. Two of the test systems were modular in construction while the third was a 'solid optic' design having optical paths and components contained within a solid glass construction.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"20 1","pages":"645-650 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90357393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71410
N. Ansari, E. Delp
A technique to guide landmark matching known as hopping dynamic programming is described. The location of the model in the scene is estimated with a least-squares fit. A heuristic measure is then computed to decide if the model is in the scene. The shape features of an object are the landmarks associated with the object. The landmarks of an object are defined as the points of interest of the object that have important shape attributes. Examples of landmarks are corners, holes, protrusions, and high-curvature points.<>
{"title":"Partial shape recognition: a landmark-based approach","authors":"N. Ansari, E. Delp","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71410","url":null,"abstract":"A technique to guide landmark matching known as hopping dynamic programming is described. The location of the model in the scene is estimated with a least-squares fit. A heuristic measure is then computed to decide if the model is in the scene. The shape features of an object are the landmarks associated with the object. The landmarks of an object are defined as the points of interest of the object that have important shape attributes. Examples of landmarks are corners, holes, protrusions, and high-curvature points.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"99 1","pages":"831-836 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90392233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71337
M. Korenberg
The fast orthogonal search method is illustrated for carrying out both system identification and time-series analysis of biological processes. It is first shown how the method can be used to rapidly obtain concise and accurate difference equation models of nonlinear dynamic systems. Then it is considered how the fast orthogonal algorithm enables accurate identification of cascades of alternating dynamic linear and static nonlinear sub-systems from short data records. Finally, it is illustrated how the method achieves accurate, parsimonious sinusoidal series representations of time-series data. It is shown that the method is capable of precise detection of component frequencies in time-series heavily corrupted with noise, demonstrating finer frequency resolution than a conventional Fourier series analysis.<>
{"title":"A fat orthogonal search method for biological time-series analysis and system identification","authors":"M. Korenberg","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71337","url":null,"abstract":"The fast orthogonal search method is illustrated for carrying out both system identification and time-series analysis of biological processes. It is first shown how the method can be used to rapidly obtain concise and accurate difference equation models of nonlinear dynamic systems. Then it is considered how the fast orthogonal algorithm enables accurate identification of cascades of alternating dynamic linear and static nonlinear sub-systems from short data records. Finally, it is illustrated how the method achieves accurate, parsimonious sinusoidal series representations of time-series data. It is shown that the method is capable of precise detection of component frequencies in time-series heavily corrupted with noise, demonstrating finer frequency resolution than a conventional Fourier series analysis.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"178 1","pages":"459-465 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85550140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71402
C. Ganesh, Gregor Dietz, J. Jambor
A two-level hierarchical control structure is used to achieve motion-control of a robotic manipulator. A highly-directional ultrasonic distance ranging device is utilized to measure features of interest in the workspace of the robot arm. Off-line trajectory planning is combined with online motion guidance by the supervisory controller to formulate and execute the desired path movement. In a demonstration application, the vertical distance from a workpiece surface was measured and utilized to perform online trajectory adjustment for the robot cutting-tool motion. This makes it possible to compensate for factors such as robot performance limitations, inaccurate fixturing and inexact object location. The hardware implementation and control strategy used to provide verification of the concept are presented, along with the experimental results achieved.<>
{"title":"Ultrasonic sensor-based motion control for robotic manipulators","authors":"C. Ganesh, Gregor Dietz, J. Jambor","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71402","url":null,"abstract":"A two-level hierarchical control structure is used to achieve motion-control of a robotic manipulator. A highly-directional ultrasonic distance ranging device is utilized to measure features of interest in the workspace of the robot arm. Off-line trajectory planning is combined with online motion guidance by the supervisory controller to formulate and execute the desired path movement. In a demonstration application, the vertical distance from a workpiece surface was measured and utilized to perform online trajectory adjustment for the robot cutting-tool motion. This makes it possible to compensate for factors such as robot performance limitations, inaccurate fixturing and inexact object location. The hardware implementation and control strategy used to provide verification of the concept are presented, along with the experimental results achieved.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"32 1","pages":"796-797 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84658257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71301
R. Solomonoff
The author has previously used algorithmic probability theory (APT) to construct a system for machine learning of great power and generality (1986). The article concerns the design of sequences of problems to train this system. APT provides a general model of the learning process that makes it possible to understand and overcome many of the limitations of existing programs for machine learning. Starting with a machine containing a small set of concepts, use is made of a carefully designed sequence of problems of increasing difficulty to bring the machine to a high level of problem-solving skill. The use of training sequences of problems for machine knowledge acquisition promises to yield expert systems that will be easier to train and free of the brittleness that characterizes the narrow specialization of present-day systems of this sort. It is also expected that this research will give needed insight into the design of training sequences for human learning.<>
{"title":"A system for machine learning based on algorithmic probability","authors":"R. Solomonoff","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71301","url":null,"abstract":"The author has previously used algorithmic probability theory (APT) to construct a system for machine learning of great power and generality (1986). The article concerns the design of sequences of problems to train this system. APT provides a general model of the learning process that makes it possible to understand and overcome many of the limitations of existing programs for machine learning. Starting with a machine containing a small set of concepts, use is made of a carefully designed sequence of problems of increasing difficulty to bring the machine to a high level of problem-solving skill. The use of training sequences of problems for machine knowledge acquisition promises to yield expert systems that will be easier to train and free of the brittleness that characterizes the narrow specialization of present-day systems of this sort. It is also expected that this research will give needed insight into the design of training sequences for human learning.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"20 1","pages":"298-299 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85164938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71318
R. Jha, M. Jernigan
A novel adaptive filter for edge-preserving smoothing of noisy images is introduced. The novelty of the filter is that its region of support is tuned simultaneously in its size and orientation. An edge strength measure is extracted from the local variance and used to control the size of the window. The gradient direction is used to adapt the orientation of the window. The use of both edge strength and edge detection information allows large windows to be used even in the vicinity of edges. The filter has been tested for additive white Gaussian noise with the mean as the point estimator over local windows, and for additive white impulse noise with the median as the point estimator. Results, particularly for the adaptive median filter, are very promising. The results show that the filter does greater smoothing in the vicinity of edges without compromising performance away from edges and the edge structure of the image.<>
{"title":"Edge adaptive filtering: how much and which direction?","authors":"R. Jha, M. Jernigan","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71318","url":null,"abstract":"A novel adaptive filter for edge-preserving smoothing of noisy images is introduced. The novelty of the filter is that its region of support is tuned simultaneously in its size and orientation. An edge strength measure is extracted from the local variance and used to control the size of the window. The gradient direction is used to adapt the orientation of the window. The use of both edge strength and edge detection information allows large windows to be used even in the vicinity of edges. The filter has been tested for additive white Gaussian noise with the mean as the point estimator over local windows, and for additive white impulse noise with the median as the point estimator. Results, particularly for the adaptive median filter, are very promising. The results show that the filter does greater smoothing in the vicinity of edges without compromising performance away from edges and the edge structure of the image.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"73 1","pages":"364-366 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87279198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71259
B. Brandin, T. Chen, C. Derventzis, G. Pang
A novel approach to the control and supervision problem for groups of elevators has been successfully developed and tested by simulation. The control and supervisory tasks have been implemented using the blackboard approach to problem solving in which several knowledge sources cooperate, providing a very flexible problem solving framework. The blackboard shell control unit developed in this study uses a dual-level control structure and a comprehensive data structure for the knowledge source descriptors. The modularity of the control and supervisory system allows the control and supervisory strategies to be modified or extended simply by adjoining additional knowledge sources to the existing ones and tuning different knowledge source descriptors.<>
{"title":"The control and supervision of groups of elevators using the blackboard architecture approach","authors":"B. Brandin, T. Chen, C. Derventzis, G. Pang","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71259","url":null,"abstract":"A novel approach to the control and supervision problem for groups of elevators has been successfully developed and tested by simulation. The control and supervisory tasks have been implemented using the blackboard approach to problem solving in which several knowledge sources cooperate, providing a very flexible problem solving framework. The blackboard shell control unit developed in this study uses a dual-level control structure and a comprehensive data structure for the knowledge source descriptors. The modularity of the control and supervisory system allows the control and supervisory strategies to be modified or extended simply by adjoining additional knowledge sources to the existing ones and tuning different knowledge source descriptors.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"80 1","pages":"99-104 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88272647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71497
K. Pattipati, M. Dontamsetty
Motivated by the need to increase the availability of systems, the primary focus of diagnosis in field maintenance is to locate the faculty modules. The authors consider the problem of constructing optimal test sequences to diagnose faults in such modular systems. This generalized test sequencing problem is solved by an AND/OR graph search procedure, wherein information-theoretic heuristic evaluation functions are modified to account for modular fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated on various test cases.<>
{"title":"Test sequencing in modular systems","authors":"K. Pattipati, M. Dontamsetty","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71497","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by the need to increase the availability of systems, the primary focus of diagnosis in field maintenance is to locate the faculty modules. The authors consider the problem of constructing optimal test sequences to diagnose faults in such modular systems. This generalized test sequencing problem is solved by an AND/OR graph search procedure, wherein information-theoretic heuristic evaluation functions are modified to account for modular fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated on various test cases.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"2009 1","pages":"1221-1223 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86260441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71395
H. Burns, J. W. Parlett, J. Bushman
The dimensions are studied of an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) by examining the major knowledge structures required for an ITS: domain knowledge, instructional knowledge, communication knowledge, and user knowledge. This in-depth analysis of ITS provides a framework for future research perspectives on ITS design and development.<>
{"title":"Intelligent tutoring systems: perspective","authors":"H. Burns, J. W. Parlett, J. Bushman","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71395","url":null,"abstract":"The dimensions are studied of an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) by examining the major knowledge structures required for an ITS: domain knowledge, instructional knowledge, communication knowledge, and user knowledge. This in-depth analysis of ITS provides a framework for future research perspectives on ITS design and development.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"1296 1","pages":"755-760 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86485396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71488
G. Perlman
A discussion is presented of how hypertext software can aid in the utilization of technical reference sources in system design and evaluation. Technical reference sources such as collections of guidelines and standards can contain hundreds or thousands of points to which system designers should or must conform. Important points can be used to define system specific design rules, and can later be used as checkpoints in a checklist to evaluate conformance. Hypertext access to technical reference sources can make it easier to find checkpoints that are relevant to specific system requirement areas. Hypertext can encode ratings of importance of and conformance to checkpoints. NaviText SAM implements the checklist method of system design and evaluation in a hypertext interface to a large design reference source. Experience with the method and the system indicates that checklists are useful aids to conform to checkpoints and that hypertext provides advantages over manual checklists.<>
{"title":"System design and evaluation with hypertext checklists","authors":"G. Perlman","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71488","url":null,"abstract":"A discussion is presented of how hypertext software can aid in the utilization of technical reference sources in system design and evaluation. Technical reference sources such as collections of guidelines and standards can contain hundreds or thousands of points to which system designers should or must conform. Important points can be used to define system specific design rules, and can later be used as checkpoints in a checklist to evaluate conformance. Hypertext access to technical reference sources can make it easier to find checkpoints that are relevant to specific system requirement areas. Hypertext can encode ratings of importance of and conformance to checkpoints. NaviText SAM implements the checklist method of system design and evaluation in a hypertext interface to a large design reference source. Experience with the method and the system indicates that checklists are useful aids to conform to checkpoints and that hypertext provides advantages over manual checklists.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"28 1","pages":"1187-1193 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85759789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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