Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71366
R. Safaee-Rad, B. Benhabib, Kenneth C. Smith, Z. Zhou
Two premarking methods are proposed for a new 3D object recognition system under development at the University of Toronto. In this system, an object is modeled using only a small number of 2D distinct perspective views (standard views) predefined wit the help of markers placed on the object. During the recognition process, a standard view is acquired by first determining its surface normal (standard-view axis), and then aligning the camera's optical axis with it. Standard-view axes are obtained by analyzing the images of the markers. A morphological skeleton transform (MST) is used for the extraction of required marker features. This work presents the analytical solution for the two proposed premarking schemes, based on circular markers, that can be used in acquiring standard views of objects. Specific issues addressed include: the determination of the perspective distortion and its relative importance, the determination of the transformation parameters required for camera alignment, and the use of a class of MST, pseudo-Euclidean skeletons, for feature extraction.<>
{"title":"Pre-marking methods for 3D object recognition","authors":"R. Safaee-Rad, B. Benhabib, Kenneth C. Smith, Z. Zhou","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71366","url":null,"abstract":"Two premarking methods are proposed for a new 3D object recognition system under development at the University of Toronto. In this system, an object is modeled using only a small number of 2D distinct perspective views (standard views) predefined wit the help of markers placed on the object. During the recognition process, a standard view is acquired by first determining its surface normal (standard-view axis), and then aligning the camera's optical axis with it. Standard-view axes are obtained by analyzing the images of the markers. A morphological skeleton transform (MST) is used for the extraction of required marker features. This work presents the analytical solution for the two proposed premarking schemes, based on circular markers, that can be used in acquiring standard views of objects. Specific issues addressed include: the determination of the perspective distortion and its relative importance, the determination of the transformation parameters required for camera alignment, and the use of a class of MST, pseudo-Euclidean skeletons, for feature extraction.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"52 1","pages":"592-595 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82381246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71437
Dean Alan Hettenbach, C. Mitchell, T. Govindaraj
An evaluation is made of the decision processes of humans in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) environment. GT-FMS, a real-time simulator of an FMS, was implemented with data from an actual FMS installation. An experiment was conducted in which humans interacted with the control system of GT-FMS at an aggregate level. The humans described each of their control actions, and their decision processes were evaluated by mapping these descriptions onto a standard model of human decision-making. The experimental results support making humans an integral part of the FMS control process, since an intricate knowledge of the system state and system sensitivity were crucial to human decision-making in GT-FMS. Humans in this experiment used detailed system status information, rather than system performance history, as the basis of their control decisions and were inconsistent in defining their goals.<>
{"title":"Decision making in supervisory control of a flexible manufacturing system","authors":"Dean Alan Hettenbach, C. Mitchell, T. Govindaraj","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71437","url":null,"abstract":"An evaluation is made of the decision processes of humans in a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) environment. GT-FMS, a real-time simulator of an FMS, was implemented with data from an actual FMS installation. An experiment was conducted in which humans interacted with the control system of GT-FMS at an aggregate level. The humans described each of their control actions, and their decision processes were evaluated by mapping these descriptions onto a standard model of human decision-making. The experimental results support making humans an integral part of the FMS control process, since an intricate knowledge of the system state and system sensitivity were crucial to human decision-making in GT-FMS. Humans in this experiment used detailed system status information, rather than system performance history, as the basis of their control decisions and were inconsistent in defining their goals.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"25 1","pages":"953-958 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82605181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71488
G. Perlman
A discussion is presented of how hypertext software can aid in the utilization of technical reference sources in system design and evaluation. Technical reference sources such as collections of guidelines and standards can contain hundreds or thousands of points to which system designers should or must conform. Important points can be used to define system specific design rules, and can later be used as checkpoints in a checklist to evaluate conformance. Hypertext access to technical reference sources can make it easier to find checkpoints that are relevant to specific system requirement areas. Hypertext can encode ratings of importance of and conformance to checkpoints. NaviText SAM implements the checklist method of system design and evaluation in a hypertext interface to a large design reference source. Experience with the method and the system indicates that checklists are useful aids to conform to checkpoints and that hypertext provides advantages over manual checklists.<>
{"title":"System design and evaluation with hypertext checklists","authors":"G. Perlman","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71488","url":null,"abstract":"A discussion is presented of how hypertext software can aid in the utilization of technical reference sources in system design and evaluation. Technical reference sources such as collections of guidelines and standards can contain hundreds or thousands of points to which system designers should or must conform. Important points can be used to define system specific design rules, and can later be used as checkpoints in a checklist to evaluate conformance. Hypertext access to technical reference sources can make it easier to find checkpoints that are relevant to specific system requirement areas. Hypertext can encode ratings of importance of and conformance to checkpoints. NaviText SAM implements the checklist method of system design and evaluation in a hypertext interface to a large design reference source. Experience with the method and the system indicates that checklists are useful aids to conform to checkpoints and that hypertext provides advantages over manual checklists.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"28 1","pages":"1187-1193 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85759789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71332
H. Sakai, K. Naka
The neuron network in the inner catfish retina was studied by injecting current from the one neuron and recording resulting responses into a nearby neuron. Current injected into an amacrine or a ganglion cell always produced a response from neighboring amacrine or ganglion cells chosen randomly. Bidirectional communications were found to exist for neurons of similar response patterns, e.g. on-cell pair, off-cell pair, or on-off cell pairs. These communications are mutually excitatory, fast, and likely linear. Single transmission between neurons of different response patterns was also shown to exist.<>
{"title":"Signal processing in neuron network: a radically different view","authors":"H. Sakai, K. Naka","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71332","url":null,"abstract":"The neuron network in the inner catfish retina was studied by injecting current from the one neuron and recording resulting responses into a nearby neuron. Current injected into an amacrine or a ganglion cell always produced a response from neighboring amacrine or ganglion cells chosen randomly. Bidirectional communications were found to exist for neurons of similar response patterns, e.g. on-cell pair, off-cell pair, or on-off cell pairs. These communications are mutually excitatory, fast, and likely linear. Single transmission between neurons of different response patterns was also shown to exist.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"11 1","pages":"433-434 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89845592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71315
Wen-Roii Wu, A. Kundu
The authors consider the problem of filtering images corrupted by non-Gaussian noise using the Kalman filter. Specifically, they have used the reduced updated Kalman filter (RUKF) for the sake of computational savings. They modified the original RUKF to accommodate the non-Gaussian noise using an efficient scheme proposed by them previously (1989). It is shown that the modification is simple and the results are satisfactory.<>
{"title":"A modified reduced update Kalman filter for images degraded by non-Gaussian additive noise","authors":"Wen-Roii Wu, A. Kundu","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71315","url":null,"abstract":"The authors consider the problem of filtering images corrupted by non-Gaussian noise using the Kalman filter. Specifically, they have used the reduced updated Kalman filter (RUKF) for the sake of computational savings. They modified the original RUKF to accommodate the non-Gaussian noise using an efficient scheme proposed by them previously (1989). It is shown that the modification is simple and the results are satisfactory.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"140 1","pages":"352-355 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90366824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71301
R. Solomonoff
The author has previously used algorithmic probability theory (APT) to construct a system for machine learning of great power and generality (1986). The article concerns the design of sequences of problems to train this system. APT provides a general model of the learning process that makes it possible to understand and overcome many of the limitations of existing programs for machine learning. Starting with a machine containing a small set of concepts, use is made of a carefully designed sequence of problems of increasing difficulty to bring the machine to a high level of problem-solving skill. The use of training sequences of problems for machine knowledge acquisition promises to yield expert systems that will be easier to train and free of the brittleness that characterizes the narrow specialization of present-day systems of this sort. It is also expected that this research will give needed insight into the design of training sequences for human learning.<>
{"title":"A system for machine learning based on algorithmic probability","authors":"R. Solomonoff","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71301","url":null,"abstract":"The author has previously used algorithmic probability theory (APT) to construct a system for machine learning of great power and generality (1986). The article concerns the design of sequences of problems to train this system. APT provides a general model of the learning process that makes it possible to understand and overcome many of the limitations of existing programs for machine learning. Starting with a machine containing a small set of concepts, use is made of a carefully designed sequence of problems of increasing difficulty to bring the machine to a high level of problem-solving skill. The use of training sequences of problems for machine knowledge acquisition promises to yield expert systems that will be easier to train and free of the brittleness that characterizes the narrow specialization of present-day systems of this sort. It is also expected that this research will give needed insight into the design of training sequences for human learning.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"20 1","pages":"298-299 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85164938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71395
H. Burns, J. W. Parlett, J. Bushman
The dimensions are studied of an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) by examining the major knowledge structures required for an ITS: domain knowledge, instructional knowledge, communication knowledge, and user knowledge. This in-depth analysis of ITS provides a framework for future research perspectives on ITS design and development.<>
{"title":"Intelligent tutoring systems: perspective","authors":"H. Burns, J. W. Parlett, J. Bushman","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71395","url":null,"abstract":"The dimensions are studied of an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) by examining the major knowledge structures required for an ITS: domain knowledge, instructional knowledge, communication knowledge, and user knowledge. This in-depth analysis of ITS provides a framework for future research perspectives on ITS design and development.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"1296 1","pages":"755-760 vol.2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86485396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71497
K. Pattipati, M. Dontamsetty
Motivated by the need to increase the availability of systems, the primary focus of diagnosis in field maintenance is to locate the faculty modules. The authors consider the problem of constructing optimal test sequences to diagnose faults in such modular systems. This generalized test sequencing problem is solved by an AND/OR graph search procedure, wherein information-theoretic heuristic evaluation functions are modified to account for modular fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated on various test cases.<>
{"title":"Test sequencing in modular systems","authors":"K. Pattipati, M. Dontamsetty","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71497","url":null,"abstract":"Motivated by the need to increase the availability of systems, the primary focus of diagnosis in field maintenance is to locate the faculty modules. The authors consider the problem of constructing optimal test sequences to diagnose faults in such modular systems. This generalized test sequencing problem is solved by an AND/OR graph search procedure, wherein information-theoretic heuristic evaluation functions are modified to account for modular fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated on various test cases.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"2009 1","pages":"1221-1223 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86260441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71460
K. Yokosawa
A direct character-string retrieval method based on human search characteristics is proposed for Japanese textual image processing. In an experiment in which human subjects were to identify characters shown on a CRT screen, character-string search performance was better than single-character search performance in Japanese sentence contexts. This result suggests that character strings contain more information than characters alone. The analysis of reaction times shows that there are two stages in visual search. A character-string image retrieval system which, human-like, has two stages is effective in searching target images in ninety Japanese textual images. Moreover, human-like performance is obtained from the system: for example, it more easily identifies character-string images than single-character images.<>
{"title":"Human-based character string image retrieval from textual images","authors":"K. Yokosawa","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71460","url":null,"abstract":"A direct character-string retrieval method based on human search characteristics is proposed for Japanese textual image processing. In an experiment in which human subjects were to identify characters shown on a CRT screen, character-string search performance was better than single-character search performance in Japanese sentence contexts. This result suggests that character strings contain more information than characters alone. The analysis of reaction times shows that there are two stages in visual search. A character-string image retrieval system which, human-like, has two stages is effective in searching target images in ninety Japanese textual images. Moreover, human-like performance is obtained from the system: for example, it more easily identifies character-string images than single-character images.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"62 1","pages":"1068-1069 vol.3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84485097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71244
B. Oommen, J. Lanctôt
The authors consider the problem of a stochastic learning automaton interacting with an unknown random environment. The fundamental problem is that of learning, through interaction, the best action (that is, the action which is rewarded optimally) allowed by the environment. By using running estimates of reward probabilities to learn the optimal action, an extremely efficient pursuit algorithm was obtained by M.A.L. Thathachar et al. (1986, 1989) which is presently among the fastest-growing algorithms known. In the present work, the authors investigate the improvements gained by rendering the pursuit algorithm discrete. This is done by restricting the probability of selecting an action to a finite and, hence, discrete subset of
{"title":"Epsilon-optimal discretized pursuit learning automata","authors":"B. Oommen, J. Lanctôt","doi":"10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMC.1989.71244","url":null,"abstract":"The authors consider the problem of a stochastic learning automaton interacting with an unknown random environment. The fundamental problem is that of learning, through interaction, the best action (that is, the action which is rewarded optimally) allowed by the environment. By using running estimates of reward probabilities to learn the optimal action, an extremely efficient pursuit algorithm was obtained by M.A.L. Thathachar et al. (1986, 1989) which is presently among the fastest-growing algorithms known. In the present work, the authors investigate the improvements gained by rendering the pursuit algorithm discrete. This is done by restricting the probability of selecting an action to a finite and, hence, discrete subset of","PeriodicalId":72691,"journal":{"name":"Conference proceedings. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics","volume":"5 1","pages":"6-12 vol.1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91174223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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