Most of the bottles manufactured with PET polymer (polyethylene terephthalate) are used in beverage packaging and, after use, are turned into garbage, causing environmental problems. The concept of recycling and reuse of these materials for use in civil construction can become an interesting solution for the reduction of urban solid waste that would be destined to the formation of large volumes in sanitary landfills. Seeking to minimize this problem, this work used discarded PET bottles, ground into fibers, to prepare a concrete-based composite. The behavior of concrete composites with the addition of PET fibers in different compositions 7.5 kg/m³, 10 kg/m³ and 12.5 kg/m³ was evaluated. The choice of these concentrations aimed to study the addition of a reasonable amount of PET, characterizing greater reuse of a recycled material, seeking to provide a reinforcement effect in the cementitious matrix. The samples were subjected to mechanical tests of axial compression and diametral compression in a duly calibrated hydraulic press. For the axial compression test, the composite with 10 kg/m³ showed better mechanical performance. Probably at this content, the fibers were better distributed in the concrete for axial compression, resisting more to the fracture point, surpassing the composite of 12.5 kg/m³ by 24% in resistance to compression. For the axial compression test, the composite with 10 kg/m³ showed better mechanical performance, because in this composition there was an ideal amount for the homogenization of the PET fibers in the concrete, achieving a greater reinforcement effect. For the permeability test, the composites prepared with higher percentages of PET showed a lower percentage of permeability (44% lower than the content of 7.5 kg/m³), absorbing less water in this composition, in an axial position. This can be attributed to the fact that the distributed PET fibers act as an impermeable barrier, offering greater resistance to water absorption in the material.
用 PET 聚合物（聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯）制造的瓶子大多用于饮料包装，使用后变成垃圾，造成环境问题。在民用建筑中回收和再利用这些材料的概念，可以成为减少城市固体废物的一个有趣的解决方案，因为这些固体废物会在卫生填埋场形成大量的垃圾。为了尽量减少这一问题，这项研究利用废弃的 PET 瓶磨成纤维，制备混凝土基复合材料。在 7.5 千克/立方米、10 千克/立方米和 12.5 千克/立方米的不同成分中添加 PET 纤维，对混凝土复合材料的性能进行了评估。选择这些浓度的目的是研究如何添加合理数量的 PET 纤维，使回收材料得到更大程度的再利用，从而在水泥基质中起到加固作用。样品在经过适当校准的液压机中进行了轴向压缩和径向压缩的机械测试。在轴向压缩试验中，10 千克/立方米的复合材料显示出更好的机械性能。可能是在这个含量下，纤维在混凝土中的轴向压缩分布更好，更能抵抗断裂点，抗压性能比 12.5 kg/m³ 的复合材料高出 24%。在轴向压缩试验中，10 千克/立方米的复合材料显示出更好的机械性能，因为在这种成分中，PET 纤维在混凝土中的均匀分布达到了理想的量，实现了更大的加固效果。在渗透性测试中，PET 含量较高的复合材料显示出较低的渗透性（比 7.5 kg/m³ 的含量低 44%），在这种成分中，轴向吸水较少。这可能是由于分布的 PET 纤维起到了防渗屏障的作用，为材料提供了更大的吸水阻力。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Mechanical Performance of Concrete Reinforced with PET Fibers: A Sustainable Approach","authors":"D. F. dos Santos, Anna Cecília Moraes Martuchelli","doi":"10.4028/p-aa9pxo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-aa9pxo","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the bottles manufactured with PET polymer (polyethylene terephthalate) are used in beverage packaging and, after use, are turned into garbage, causing environmental problems. The concept of recycling and reuse of these materials for use in civil construction can become an interesting solution for the reduction of urban solid waste that would be destined to the formation of large volumes in sanitary landfills. Seeking to minimize this problem, this work used discarded PET bottles, ground into fibers, to prepare a concrete-based composite. The behavior of concrete composites with the addition of PET fibers in different compositions 7.5 kg/m³, 10 kg/m³ and 12.5 kg/m³ was evaluated. The choice of these concentrations aimed to study the addition of a reasonable amount of PET, characterizing greater reuse of a recycled material, seeking to provide a reinforcement effect in the cementitious matrix. The samples were subjected to mechanical tests of axial compression and diametral compression in a duly calibrated hydraulic press. For the axial compression test, the composite with 10 kg/m³ showed better mechanical performance. Probably at this content, the fibers were better distributed in the concrete for axial compression, resisting more to the fracture point, surpassing the composite of 12.5 kg/m³ by 24% in resistance to compression. For the axial compression test, the composite with 10 kg/m³ showed better mechanical performance, because in this composition there was an ideal amount for the homogenization of the PET fibers in the concrete, achieving a greater reinforcement effect. For the permeability test, the composites prepared with higher percentages of PET showed a lower percentage of permeability (44% lower than the content of 7.5 kg/m³), absorbing less water in this composition, in an axial position. This can be attributed to the fact that the distributed PET fibers act as an impermeable barrier, offering greater resistance to water absorption in the material.","PeriodicalId":7271,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Research","volume":"92 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140475601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chidimma Sonia Obiekwe, K. N. Okeke, Samuel C. Uzoechi, A. Oladimeji
Denture wearing requires loss of teeth through trauma or natural phenomena. The activation of polymerization of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material by methylmethaacrylate (MMA) caused cytotoxic effect and biofilm formation at undercut hindered the mechanical properties and durability of denture. In this study, the effect of guava leaf extract modified coconut shell powder on mechanical properties of hybrid CSP-PMMA denture base composites was investigated. The coconut shell powder (CSP) was obtained from its extracted fiber after dried, grinded and sieved using 80 μm. Guava leaf extract was obtained using ethanolic method. PMMA composites were prepared at variable weight fraction of PMMA+CSP: GLE+MMA using rule of mixture in ratio. The flexural strength, tensile strength, hardness, and toughness properties of the composites at different levels were determined using Universal testing machine of AMETEK EZ 250 model and a shore scale D durometer in accordance with ASTM D – 2240, respectively. The modification of CSP-PMMA by GLE improved the tensile strength, toughness, elongation and hardness by 18.23, 10.52, 68.14 and 1.35 %. Hence the use of GLE in PMMA denture base composites not only enhanced the mechanical behaviours but protect the PMMA denture against biofilm formation. Keywords: Mechanical properties; Guava leave extract, PMMA; Coconut shell fillers.
{"title":"Tensile, Flexural and Hardness Properties of Guava Leaves (Psidil guajava) Extract Modified Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Shell Powder-Polymethyl Methacrylate Base Denture Composites","authors":"Chidimma Sonia Obiekwe, K. N. Okeke, Samuel C. Uzoechi, A. Oladimeji","doi":"10.4028/p-ozrg3t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ozrg3t","url":null,"abstract":"Denture wearing requires loss of teeth through trauma or natural phenomena. The activation of polymerization of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material by methylmethaacrylate (MMA) caused cytotoxic effect and biofilm formation at undercut hindered the mechanical properties and durability of denture. In this study, the effect of guava leaf extract modified coconut shell powder on mechanical properties of hybrid CSP-PMMA denture base composites was investigated. The coconut shell powder (CSP) was obtained from its extracted fiber after dried, grinded and sieved using 80 μm. Guava leaf extract was obtained using ethanolic method. PMMA composites were prepared at variable weight fraction of PMMA+CSP: GLE+MMA using rule of mixture in ratio. The flexural strength, tensile strength, hardness, and toughness properties of the composites at different levels were determined using Universal testing machine of AMETEK EZ 250 model and a shore scale D durometer in accordance with ASTM D – 2240, respectively. The modification of CSP-PMMA by GLE improved the tensile strength, toughness, elongation and hardness by 18.23, 10.52, 68.14 and 1.35 %. Hence the use of GLE in PMMA denture base composites not only enhanced the mechanical behaviours but protect the PMMA denture against biofilm formation. Keywords: Mechanical properties; Guava leave extract, PMMA; Coconut shell fillers.","PeriodicalId":7271,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Research","volume":"354 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140473193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Bin Zhang, Guan Hua Wu, Сhao Bo Chen, Song Gao
Aiming at the shortcomings of large volume, high cost and long detection cycle of traditional solid propellant aging detection methods, a solid propellant aging detection method based on impedance spectroscopy is proposed. Firstly, the internal impedance of the solid propellant changes after aging, and a portable solid propellant impedance spectrum acquisition system based on impedance spectroscopy is designed based on the principle of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the real and imaginary parts of the impedance spectrum are obtained. Secondly, in order to reduce the data dimension of the classification algorithm, the KPCA (Nuclear Principal Component Analysis) feature extraction algorithm is used to extract the impedance spectrum features of the solid propellant. Then, according to the impedance spectrum characteristics, the BP neural network is used for classification training, and the correspondence between the impedance spectrum and the aging time is obtained. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified on the physical platform, and the results show that the proposed method has the advantages of high precision and accurate classification, and can effectively predict the aging degree of solid propellant.
针对传统固体推进剂老化检测方法体积大、成本高、检测周期长等缺点，提出了一种基于阻抗谱的固体推进剂老化检测方法。首先，固体推进剂老化后内部阻抗会发生变化，根据电化学阻抗谱原理，设计了基于阻抗谱的便携式固体推进剂阻抗谱采集系统，获得了阻抗谱的实部和虚部。其次，为了降低分类算法的数据维度，采用 KPCA（核主成分分析）特征提取算法提取固体推进剂的阻抗谱特征。然后，根据阻抗谱特征，利用 BP 神经网络进行分类训练，得到阻抗谱与老化时间的对应关系。最后，在物理平台上验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性，结果表明所提方法具有精度高、分类准确等优点，能有效预测固体推进剂的老化程度。
{"title":"Solid Propellant Aging Detection Method Based on Impedance Spectroscopy","authors":"Bin Bin Zhang, Guan Hua Wu, Сhao Bo Chen, Song Gao","doi":"10.4028/p-hnkn3r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-hnkn3r","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the shortcomings of large volume, high cost and long detection cycle of traditional solid propellant aging detection methods, a solid propellant aging detection method based on impedance spectroscopy is proposed. Firstly, the internal impedance of the solid propellant changes after aging, and a portable solid propellant impedance spectrum acquisition system based on impedance spectroscopy is designed based on the principle of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the real and imaginary parts of the impedance spectrum are obtained. Secondly, in order to reduce the data dimension of the classification algorithm, the KPCA (Nuclear Principal Component Analysis) feature extraction algorithm is used to extract the impedance spectrum features of the solid propellant. Then, according to the impedance spectrum characteristics, the BP neural network is used for classification training, and the correspondence between the impedance spectrum and the aging time is obtained. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified on the physical platform, and the results show that the proposed method has the advantages of high precision and accurate classification, and can effectively predict the aging degree of solid propellant.","PeriodicalId":7271,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Research","volume":"98 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. R. Permanasari, Rony Pasonang Sihombing, F. Yulistiani, Tifa Paramita, Andin Faranitha Tsamarah, Euglina Meydillahaq, Wahyu Wibisono
A modified natural zeolite will be used as a catalyst in the isomerization process of glucose to fructose. It is modified by inserting Fe into its pores with the impregnation method so that the active site of the catalyst is formed as part of the isomerization process. This study aimed to make a catalyst from Fe-impregnated natural zeolite and determine its catalytic performance under various pH, temperature, and isomerization time conditions. The zeolite was activated using 6M H2SO4 and 0.5M KMnO4. The zeolite impregnation process was carried out using 1% (%w/v) FeCl3.6H2O solution with a ratio of (1:8) and continued with calcination at 500°C for 4 hours. The Fe-zeolite catalyst was characterized to determine the degree of crystallinity and crystal form, functional groups of its constituent compounds, and surface area. The isomerization process was carried out as a substrate of 10% glucose solution and 1 g of Fe-zeolite catalyst at various temperatures of 40, 50, and 60°C; pH 5, 7, and 9; a sampling time of every 15 minutes for 1 hour. The best fructose yield from the isomerization process was at a reaction temperature of 60°C, pH 5, and 45 min with a yield of 0.837%. It concluded that the Fe-Zeolite catalyst did not give a significant effect on the glucose isomerization process. It is expected that other researchers conduct similar research with different types of metal impregnated to give better results on the glucose isomerization process.
{"title":"The Synthesis of Fe-Zeolite Catalyst by Impregnation Process and its Catalytic Performance in Glucose Isomerization","authors":"A. R. Permanasari, Rony Pasonang Sihombing, F. Yulistiani, Tifa Paramita, Andin Faranitha Tsamarah, Euglina Meydillahaq, Wahyu Wibisono","doi":"10.4028/p-7wyrnb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7wyrnb","url":null,"abstract":"A modified natural zeolite will be used as a catalyst in the isomerization process of glucose to fructose. It is modified by inserting Fe into its pores with the impregnation method so that the active site of the catalyst is formed as part of the isomerization process. This study aimed to make a catalyst from Fe-impregnated natural zeolite and determine its catalytic performance under various pH, temperature, and isomerization time conditions. The zeolite was activated using 6M H2SO4 and 0.5M KMnO4. The zeolite impregnation process was carried out using 1% (%w/v) FeCl3.6H2O solution with a ratio of (1:8) and continued with calcination at 500°C for 4 hours. The Fe-zeolite catalyst was characterized to determine the degree of crystallinity and crystal form, functional groups of its constituent compounds, and surface area. The isomerization process was carried out as a substrate of 10% glucose solution and 1 g of Fe-zeolite catalyst at various temperatures of 40, 50, and 60°C; pH 5, 7, and 9; a sampling time of every 15 minutes for 1 hour. The best fructose yield from the isomerization process was at a reaction temperature of 60°C, pH 5, and 45 min with a yield of 0.837%. It concluded that the Fe-Zeolite catalyst did not give a significant effect on the glucose isomerization process. It is expected that other researchers conduct similar research with different types of metal impregnated to give better results on the glucose isomerization process.","PeriodicalId":7271,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Research","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. R. Permanasari, F. Yulistiani, Rony Pasonang Sihombing, Ahmad Fauzan, Keryanti Keryanti, Wahyu Wibisono
The substitution of Mg/Al hydrotalcite catalyst over the glucose-isomerase is expected to decrease the space-time and reduce the energy consumption of glucose isomerization into fructose. The quality of the Mg/Al hydrotalcite catalyst is determined during the synthesis process. The synthesis has been carried out in the various Mg/Al molar ratio and precipitation times and observed the catalytic activity in the isomerization. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used to analyze statistically the optimum condition of the synthesis process. The Mg/Al molar ratio was 1:1 to 4:1 with a precipitation time of 720-1080 min. The characterization of the Mg/Al hydrotalcite catalyst includes the functional groups of the constituent compounds by FTIR, the crystallinity and particle size by (XRD), and the surface area of the catalyst by BET. The RSM results show the optimum condition of the Mg/Al molar ratio and precipitation time to produce the highest mass catalyst product of Mg/Al hydrotalcite catalyst (3,38 g) is 3.34:1 and 984.85 min. The highest degree of crystallinity obtained is 28.70% with the particle size is 10.19 Å. The highest yield and selectivity of the isomerization process are 56.95% and 91.89%, respectively. By the RSM analytical method, the Mg/Al molar ratio and the precipitation time used in this catalyst synthesis do not give a significant effect on the catalytic activity of the isomerization.
{"title":"The Effect of Molar Ratio and Precipitation Time of Mg/Al Hydrotalcite Synthesis on the Isomerization of Glucose into Fructose","authors":"A. R. Permanasari, F. Yulistiani, Rony Pasonang Sihombing, Ahmad Fauzan, Keryanti Keryanti, Wahyu Wibisono","doi":"10.4028/p-9pdhf9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-9pdhf9","url":null,"abstract":"The substitution of Mg/Al hydrotalcite catalyst over the glucose-isomerase is expected to decrease the space-time and reduce the energy consumption of glucose isomerization into fructose. The quality of the Mg/Al hydrotalcite catalyst is determined during the synthesis process. The synthesis has been carried out in the various Mg/Al molar ratio and precipitation times and observed the catalytic activity in the isomerization. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used to analyze statistically the optimum condition of the synthesis process. The Mg/Al molar ratio was 1:1 to 4:1 with a precipitation time of 720-1080 min. The characterization of the Mg/Al hydrotalcite catalyst includes the functional groups of the constituent compounds by FTIR, the crystallinity and particle size by (XRD), and the surface area of the catalyst by BET. The RSM results show the optimum condition of the Mg/Al molar ratio and precipitation time to produce the highest mass catalyst product of Mg/Al hydrotalcite catalyst (3,38 g) is 3.34:1 and 984.85 min. The highest degree of crystallinity obtained is 28.70% with the particle size is 10.19 Å. The highest yield and selectivity of the isomerization process are 56.95% and 91.89%, respectively. By the RSM analytical method, the Mg/Al molar ratio and the precipitation time used in this catalyst synthesis do not give a significant effect on the catalytic activity of the isomerization.","PeriodicalId":7271,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Research","volume":"93 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140470665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Purwaningsih, Lehonnita Rotua Lectiodivirani Pakpahan, Vania Mitha Pratiwi, R. Fajarin, H. Nurdiansah, Diah Susanti
Local hyperthermia therapy is one of the cancer treatments by implementing heat from a temperature of 41-45°C on cancer cells. This method is believed to reduce the risk of normal cells around the cancer cells from dying. The form of hyperthermia therapy itself is in ferrofluid. During its development, superparamagnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide have attracted various studies because of their good magnetic properties and good biocompatibility. However, the poor particle interactions and their tendency to aggregation make coatings on superparamagnetic necessary. Therefore, silica coating on the superparamagnetic surface is carried out to reduce the risk of aggregation and increase the biocompatibility of the material. Polyethylene glycol functionalization was also applied to improve the biocompatibility of the material, as well as being a carrier for ferrofluid. The test was carried out using the magnetite co-precipitation synthesis method and the formation of a sol-gel silica coating. Variations applied in this experiment are the effects of TEOS concentration as a source of silica and the ratio of particles to PEG. The addition of silica was proven to increase the value of the magnetic moment to 51.55 emu/g. The addition of TEOS as a source of silica in iron (III) nanoparticles has an effect on increasing the magnetic attraction, decreasing the surface tension value, reducing particle size, and decreasing the SAR value. Functionalization of polyethylene glycol has the effect of reducing the magnetic moment, increasing and decreasing hydrophobicity, increasing the surface tension value, and reducing the particle size of iron (III) oxide nanoparticles. This shows that magnetic nanoparticles coated with silica with polyethylene glycol functionalization are proven to generate heat when given AC current with the SAR value and the highest temperature is found in iron (III) oxide which gets 3ml silica coating with a PEG ratio of 2:5 at a temperature of 32.2°C. and SAR value of 87.63 W/mg
局部热疗是癌症治疗方法之一，通过对癌细胞施加温度为 41-45°C 的热量来治疗癌症。这种方法被认为可以降低癌细胞周围正常细胞死亡的风险。热疗的形式本身是在铁流体中进行的。在其发展过程中，氧化铁超顺磁性纳米粒子因其良好的磁性和生物相容性吸引了各种研究。然而，由于颗粒间的相互作用较差，且容易聚集，因此有必要在超顺磁性上进行涂层处理。因此，在超顺磁性表面涂覆二氧化硅可降低聚集风险，提高材料的生物相容性。此外，还采用了聚乙二醇官能化技术，以提高材料的生物相容性，并作为铁流体的载体。试验采用磁铁矿共沉淀合成法和形成溶胶-凝胶二氧化硅涂层的方法进行。实验中应用的变化包括作为二氧化硅来源的 TEOS 浓度和颗粒与 PEG 的比例的影响。事实证明，添加二氧化硅可将磁矩值提高到 51.55 emu/g。在铁（III）纳米粒子中添加 TEOS 作为二氧化硅源可增加磁吸引力、降低表面张力值、减小粒径和降低 SAR 值。聚乙二醇的官能化具有降低磁矩、增加和降低疏水性、增加表面张力值和减小氧化铁（III）纳米粒子粒径的作用。这表明，事实证明，涂有聚乙二醇官能化二氧化硅的磁性纳米粒子在通交流电时会产生热量，其 SAR 值和最高温度是在温度为 32.2°C 和 SAR 值为 87.63 W/mg 的情况下，获得 3 毫升 PEG 比率为 2:5 的二氧化硅涂层的氧化铁（III）。
{"title":"Polyethylene Glycol as Surface Modification of Magnetite Nanoparticle Coated Silica a Potentially Hyperthermia Therapy Material","authors":"H. Purwaningsih, Lehonnita Rotua Lectiodivirani Pakpahan, Vania Mitha Pratiwi, R. Fajarin, H. Nurdiansah, Diah Susanti","doi":"10.4028/p-dy5l1s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-dy5l1s","url":null,"abstract":"Local hyperthermia therapy is one of the cancer treatments by implementing heat from a temperature of 41-45°C on cancer cells. This method is believed to reduce the risk of normal cells around the cancer cells from dying. The form of hyperthermia therapy itself is in ferrofluid. During its development, superparamagnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide have attracted various studies because of their good magnetic properties and good biocompatibility. However, the poor particle interactions and their tendency to aggregation make coatings on superparamagnetic necessary. Therefore, silica coating on the superparamagnetic surface is carried out to reduce the risk of aggregation and increase the biocompatibility of the material. Polyethylene glycol functionalization was also applied to improve the biocompatibility of the material, as well as being a carrier for ferrofluid. The test was carried out using the magnetite co-precipitation synthesis method and the formation of a sol-gel silica coating. Variations applied in this experiment are the effects of TEOS concentration as a source of silica and the ratio of particles to PEG. The addition of silica was proven to increase the value of the magnetic moment to 51.55 emu/g. The addition of TEOS as a source of silica in iron (III) nanoparticles has an effect on increasing the magnetic attraction, decreasing the surface tension value, reducing particle size, and decreasing the SAR value. Functionalization of polyethylene glycol has the effect of reducing the magnetic moment, increasing and decreasing hydrophobicity, increasing the surface tension value, and reducing the particle size of iron (III) oxide nanoparticles. This shows that magnetic nanoparticles coated with silica with polyethylene glycol functionalization are proven to generate heat when given AC current with the SAR value and the highest temperature is found in iron (III) oxide which gets 3ml silica coating with a PEG ratio of 2:5 at a temperature of 32.2°C. and SAR value of 87.63 W/mg","PeriodicalId":7271,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Research","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140478600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Prasetya, Mikrimah Belva Areta, Ervan Arjani, Johan Prasetyo, Y. Kurniati
This research was conducted to compare the characteristics of activated carbon that synthesized via different methods, physical and chemical activation. It was applied to reduce Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in used cooking oil which will be used in the manufacture of biodiesel. Physical activation was carried out by heating dried coconut shell in a tube furnace at 900°C in N2 gas flowing, by varied the holding time; 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. Meanwhile, chemical activation was conducted using phosphoric acid solution with various concentrations: 9%, 10%, and 11%. The BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) test was processed to determine the surface area of the activated carbon. The FFA test was conducted to determine the FFA content in treated used cooking oil. The activated carbon with chemical activation has a surface area of 260.57 m2/gram, 323.55 m2/gram, and 162.21 m2/gram at concentrations of phosphoric acid 9%, 10%, and 11%, respectively. Meanwhile, for physical activation, the surface area were 278.58 m2/gram, 448.368 m2/gram, and 444.74 m2/gram with variations in heating holding time of 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours, respectively. The lowest levels of FFA are found in cooking oil with a phosphoric acid concentration of 11%, which is 1.505%. The higher the concentration of chemical activator, the greater the adsorption power of an activated carbon. The lowest levels of fatty acids are found in cooking oil with a holding time of 4 hours, which is 1.805%. FFA (Free Faty Acid) test results show that the longer the heating holding time, the better the activated carbon will be.
{"title":"Influence of Physical and Chemical Activation of Coconut Shell Applied to Reduce Free Fatty Acids of Used Cooking Oil in Biodiesel Plant","authors":"F. Prasetya, Mikrimah Belva Areta, Ervan Arjani, Johan Prasetyo, Y. Kurniati","doi":"10.4028/p-0ev4bt","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-0ev4bt","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to compare the characteristics of activated carbon that synthesized via different methods, physical and chemical activation. It was applied to reduce Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in used cooking oil which will be used in the manufacture of biodiesel. Physical activation was carried out by heating dried coconut shell in a tube furnace at 900°C in N2 gas flowing, by varied the holding time; 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. Meanwhile, chemical activation was conducted using phosphoric acid solution with various concentrations: 9%, 10%, and 11%. The BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) test was processed to determine the surface area of the activated carbon. The FFA test was conducted to determine the FFA content in treated used cooking oil. The activated carbon with chemical activation has a surface area of 260.57 m2/gram, 323.55 m2/gram, and 162.21 m2/gram at concentrations of phosphoric acid 9%, 10%, and 11%, respectively. Meanwhile, for physical activation, the surface area were 278.58 m2/gram, 448.368 m2/gram, and 444.74 m2/gram with variations in heating holding time of 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours, respectively. The lowest levels of FFA are found in cooking oil with a phosphoric acid concentration of 11%, which is 1.505%. The higher the concentration of chemical activator, the greater the adsorption power of an activated carbon. The lowest levels of fatty acids are found in cooking oil with a holding time of 4 hours, which is 1.805%. FFA (Free Faty Acid) test results show that the longer the heating holding time, the better the activated carbon will be.","PeriodicalId":7271,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Research","volume":"649 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abid Ullah, Basharat Hussain, Muhammad Raheel Khan, Kamran Alam, Muhammad Humayun, Muhammad Arif
In the field of fuel cell technology, the development of cost-effective catalysts is crucial for the commercialization of Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells (AMFCs). Platinum (Pt) has traditionally been employed as the catalyst in AMFCs, but its high cost poses a major barrier to widespread adoption. In this study, a new catalyst material was developed by incorporating Manganese Dioxide (α-MnO2) into Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) using hydrothermal synthesis techniques. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its electrocatalytic activity was evaluated through Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and CV through Rotating Disc Electrode (RDE) experiments. The results showed that the α-MnO2-CNT composite displayed strong durability in the alkaline environment and high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The LSV measurements revealed a current density of -4.1 mA/cm2 and an overpotential of -0.3V relative to Standard Calomel Electrode (SCE) in a 0.1M KOH electrolyte. Additionally, the α-MnO2-CNT composite displayed high methanol tolerance and long-term stability compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts. This study demonstrates that the use of α-MnO2-CNT as a cost-effective alternative to Pt has the potential to facilitate the commercialization of AMFC technology.
{"title":"Exploring the Potential of α-MnO2/ Carbon Nanotubes for Improved Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance at the Cathode of Alkaline Fuel Cells","authors":"Abid Ullah, Basharat Hussain, Muhammad Raheel Khan, Kamran Alam, Muhammad Humayun, Muhammad Arif","doi":"10.4028/p-1ljocn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-1ljocn","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of fuel cell technology, the development of cost-effective catalysts is crucial for the commercialization of Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells (AMFCs). Platinum (Pt) has traditionally been employed as the catalyst in AMFCs, but its high cost poses a major barrier to widespread adoption. In this study, a new catalyst material was developed by incorporating Manganese Dioxide (α-MnO2) into Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) using hydrothermal synthesis techniques. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its electrocatalytic activity was evaluated through Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) and CV through Rotating Disc Electrode (RDE) experiments. The results showed that the α-MnO2-CNT composite displayed strong durability in the alkaline environment and high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The LSV measurements revealed a current density of -4.1 mA/cm2 and an overpotential of -0.3V relative to Standard Calomel Electrode (SCE) in a 0.1M KOH electrolyte. Additionally, the α-MnO2-CNT composite displayed high methanol tolerance and long-term stability compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts. This study demonstrates that the use of α-MnO2-CNT as a cost-effective alternative to Pt has the potential to facilitate the commercialization of AMFC technology.","PeriodicalId":7271,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Research","volume":"499 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140471684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumarno Sumarno, P. N. Trisanti, B. Airlangga, Ni'Matul Waladiya Kurniasari, Rizky Azizah Hidayat, Akhda Choirun Nisa, K. D. Hernugrahanto, Mahyudin Ferdiansyah
Bone cement is a material used in many orthopedic surgeries. Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the acrylic-based bone cement materials. PMMA will be mixed with an activator (N, N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT)), initiator (Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)), radiopacifier / filler (BaSO4), and Methyl Methacrylate monomer. Once the materials were mixed, the activator react with the initiator to form radicals and activate the bulk polymerization reaction between the MMA monomer and PMMA molecules. The bulk polymerization reaction occurs exothermically and increases the bulk temperature. Barium sulfate (BaSO4) is an inorganic compound that can be acted as both radiopacifier and filler in bone cement. The specific objective of this study was to describe the effect of BaSO4 in bone cement composite formation. The solid material; PMMA, BPO, and BaSO4 were mixed firstly. The liquid portions; N, N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT), and MMA were mixed and then poured into the solids one in a stainless-steel bowl. The bulk temperature was recorded after a one-minute mixing process. The samples were characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The highest setting temperature and setting time were 107.3°C and 10.6 min which was obtained in BaSO4 content variables of 7% and 11%, respectively. The average molecular weight of the samples was 561.5-1,332.0 kDa. From the DSC result, the glass temperature of the samples was 119.17-119.87°C.
{"title":"Setting Properties along Bone Cement Preparation and its Effect on Material Properties","authors":"Sumarno Sumarno, P. N. Trisanti, B. Airlangga, Ni'Matul Waladiya Kurniasari, Rizky Azizah Hidayat, Akhda Choirun Nisa, K. D. Hernugrahanto, Mahyudin Ferdiansyah","doi":"10.4028/p-mxmms2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-mxmms2","url":null,"abstract":"Bone cement is a material used in many orthopedic surgeries. Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) is one of the acrylic-based bone cement materials. PMMA will be mixed with an activator (N, N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT)), initiator (Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO)), radiopacifier / filler (BaSO4), and Methyl Methacrylate monomer. Once the materials were mixed, the activator react with the initiator to form radicals and activate the bulk polymerization reaction between the MMA monomer and PMMA molecules. The bulk polymerization reaction occurs exothermically and increases the bulk temperature. Barium sulfate (BaSO4) is an inorganic compound that can be acted as both radiopacifier and filler in bone cement. The specific objective of this study was to describe the effect of BaSO4 in bone cement composite formation. The solid material; PMMA, BPO, and BaSO4 were mixed firstly. The liquid portions; N, N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT), and MMA were mixed and then poured into the solids one in a stainless-steel bowl. The bulk temperature was recorded after a one-minute mixing process. The samples were characterized by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The highest setting temperature and setting time were 107.3°C and 10.6 min which was obtained in BaSO4 content variables of 7% and 11%, respectively. The average molecular weight of the samples was 561.5-1,332.0 kDa. From the DSC result, the glass temperature of the samples was 119.17-119.87°C.","PeriodicalId":7271,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Research","volume":"95 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140477194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mukhtar Effendi, Sri Maryanah, Agus Sholeh, Wiwiek Fatchurohmah
This study aims to obtain a better contrast in the film image on X-ray examination of the ossa manus in posteroanterior projection with the addition of an acrylic compensating filter. An investigation was carried out using the phantom manus object on the Quantum CS-2 X-ray apparatus in the examination room 1 of the Margono Soekarjo Hospital (RSMS) by adding acrylic material on the outside of the collimator with a thickness ranging from 2 mm to 22 mm as a determinant of the thickness of the compensation filter. The radiographs were processed by a CR reader and imported into the Weasis software version 2.0.7 to analyze their pixel values. The results showed different compensatory filter thicknesses in the carpal and distal phalanges. An acrylic compensation filter with a thickness of 2.32 cm was considered optimal to compensate for the distal phalanges area and 0.08 cm for the carpal area in the phantom manus with an exposure factor of 55 kV and five mAs.
本研究旨在通过添加丙烯酸补偿滤光片，使肛门后位投影的 X 射线检查胶片图像获得更好的对比度。研究人员在 Margono Soekarjo 医院（RSMS）1 号检查室的 Quantum CS-2 X 射线仪器上使用肛门模型进行了研究，方法是在准直器外侧添加丙烯酸材料，厚度从 2 毫米到 22 毫米不等，作为补偿滤光片厚度的决定因素。射线照片由 CR 读取器处理，并导入 Weasis 软件 2.0.7 版分析其像素值。结果显示，腕骨和远节指骨的补偿滤光片厚度不同。在 55 kV 和 5 mAs 的曝光系数下，厚度为 2.32 cm 的丙烯酸补偿滤光片被认为是对远端指骨区域和 0.08 cm 的腕骨区域进行补偿的最佳选择。
{"title":"The Acrylic Compensation Filter Design Enhances the X-Ray Image of the Ossa Manus in Posteroanterior Projection","authors":"Mukhtar Effendi, Sri Maryanah, Agus Sholeh, Wiwiek Fatchurohmah","doi":"10.4028/p-99gfws","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-99gfws","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to obtain a better contrast in the film image on X-ray examination of the ossa manus in posteroanterior projection with the addition of an acrylic compensating filter. An investigation was carried out using the phantom manus object on the Quantum CS-2 X-ray apparatus in the examination room 1 of the Margono Soekarjo Hospital (RSMS) by adding acrylic material on the outside of the collimator with a thickness ranging from 2 mm to 22 mm as a determinant of the thickness of the compensation filter. The radiographs were processed by a CR reader and imported into the Weasis software version 2.0.7 to analyze their pixel values. The results showed different compensatory filter thicknesses in the carpal and distal phalanges. An acrylic compensation filter with a thickness of 2.32 cm was considered optimal to compensate for the distal phalanges area and 0.08 cm for the carpal area in the phantom manus with an exposure factor of 55 kV and five mAs.","PeriodicalId":7271,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials Research","volume":"298 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140472389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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