Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)最新文献

英文中文

Appropriateness of malaria treatment according to World Health Organization criteria for severe malaria in a non-endemic country 在非疟疾流行国家，按照世界卫生组织严重疟疾标准适当治疗疟疾。

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503051

María Asunción Pérez-Jacoiste Asín , Andrea Navarro Flores , Anatolio Alonso Crespo , Ana Pérez-Ayala , Irene Losada Galván , Begoña de Dios , Pilar Hernández-Jiménez , Manuel Gil-Mosquera , Francisco Jiménez-Morillas , Carlos Lumbreras , Manuel Lizasoain , Juan María Herrero-Martínez

Introduction

The number of cases of malaria is increasing in Spain due to tourism and migration. Unfamiliarity with this disease may lead doctors to misrecognize its severity and over-/under-treat it. We aimed to analyse the adequacy of treatment according to malaria severity.

Methods

Single-centre retrospective study at “Hospital 12 de Octubre” (Madrid). We identified all patients over 16-years-old with symptomatic malaria from January 2015 to December 2023. The severity of malaria was defined according to WHO criteria. Parenteral artesunate was the treatment of choice for severe malaria. Oral artemisinin combination or atovaquone/proguanil were used for non-severe malaria.

Results

We identified 64 patients (median age 39.5 years (IQR 32,25–47), 75% Visiting Friends and Relatives. Malaria was severe in 15 patients (23.4%). Antimalarial treatment was adequate to severity in 46 patients (71.8%). Three cases classified as severe malaria received oral treatment while 15 cases apparently non-severe received parenteral artesunate. Those who received oral treatment for severe malaria had been misclassified (mild epistaxis, chronic renal insufficiency, and 3.5% parasitaemia in an immigrant). Among those treated parenterally for non-severe malaria, four had oral intolerance and in the remaining eleven, there was an overuse of artesunate. The main reason for artesunate overuse was the presence of thrombocytopenia (median platelet-count: 33,000/mm³, IQR: 28,000–51,000/mm³).

Conclusions

Antimalarial treatments were mostly adequate, especially in severe cases. The most common reason for artesunate overuse was the presence of thrombocytopenia, which is not included in the WHO criteria for severe malaria.

导言：由于旅游和移民，西班牙的疟疾病例数量正在增加。对这种疾病的不熟悉可能导致医生错误地认识到其严重性，并对其治疗过度或不足。我们的目的是根据疟疾的严重程度分析治疗的充分性。方法：在马德里“10月12日医院”进行单中心回顾性研究。我们确定了2015年1月至2023年12月期间所有16岁以上的有症状疟疾患者。疟疾的严重程度是根据世卫组织的标准确定的。静脉注射青蒿琥酯是治疗严重疟疾的首选方法。非重症疟疾采用口服青蒿素联合用药或阿托伐醌/普罗胍联合用药。结果：我们确定了64例患者，中位年龄39.5岁（IQR 32,25-47）， 75%的患者拜访了朋友和亲戚。重症疟疾15例（23.4%）。46例（71.8%）患者抗疟治疗足以缓解严重程度。3例重度疟疾患者接受口服治疗，15例明显非重度疟疾患者接受静脉注射青蒿琥酯治疗。接受口服治疗的重症疟疾患者被错误分类（轻度鼻出血、慢性肾功能不全和移民中3.5%寄生虫血症）。在接受非严重疟疾非肠外治疗的患者中，4人出现口服不耐受，其余11人出现过量使用青蒿琥酯的情况。过量使用青蒿琥酯的主要原因是存在血小板减少（血小板计数中位数：33,000/mm3, IQR: 28,000-51,000/mm3）。结论：抗疟治疗大多是充分的，特别是在重症病例中。过量使用青蒿琥酯的最常见原因是存在血小板减少症，而世卫组织的严重疟疾标准不包括血小板减少症。

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引用次数: 0

Acute pericarditis by Listeria monocytogenes in an immunocompetent patient 免疫功能正常患者单核细胞增生李斯特菌引起的急性心包炎。

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503058

Rodrigo Puga López , Ricardo Fernández-Rodríguez , Raquel Fernández González

引用次数: 0

Unmasking the hidden pathogen: Massive hemolysis and fulminant sepsis 揭露隐藏的病原体：大量溶血和暴发性败血症。

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503043

Carmen Frías Ruiz , Gema García de la Rosa , Noelia Hernando Parreño , Francisco Martínez Bugallo

引用次数: 0

Loss of visual acuity in patients with a history of ocular infection: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge 有眼部感染史的患者视力丧失：诊断和治疗的挑战。

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503048

Mario Villarreal-Lopez de Munain , Mikel del Álamo Martínez de Lagos , Alejandro Fonollosa , Josune Goikoetxea Aguirre

引用次数: 0

Amebic liver abscess following DANA-related flooding in Valencia, Spain, October 2024: A sentinel case of emerging parasitic risk in non-endemic settings 2024年10月西班牙瓦伦西亚与达纳病毒相关的洪水后阿米巴肝脓肿：在非地方性环境中出现寄生虫风险的哨兵病例。

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503034

Javier García-Abellán, Mar Masiá, Félix Gutiérrez

引用次数: 0

Regional and sex differences in infective endocarditis mortality in Spain 西班牙感染性心内膜炎死亡率的地区和性别差异

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503057

Lucía Cayuela , Clara Peiró Villalba , Beatriz Valle Borrego , Aurelio Cayuela

Introduction

This study aimed to describe national and regional trends in infective endocarditis (IE) mortality in Spain.

Methods

This ecological study analyzed IE mortality trends in Spain from 1999 to 2023 using data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were calculated using direct standardization to the 2013 European Standard Population. Joinpoint regression analysis identified significant shifts in trend trajectories, calculating Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC). Regional disparities were assessed using Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) for 2023.

Results

Between 1999 and 2023, 29,766 IE deaths occurred in Spain; 58.0% were women, and 89.0% were aged ≥65 years. Men's ASMR increased from 2.46 to 2.95 per 100,000 (AAPC: +1.2%), showing significant rise from 1999 to 2010 (APC: +2.1%) followed by stabilization. Conversely, women's ASMR declined from 2.60 to 2.00 per 100,000 (AAPC: −0.5%), with initial increase (1999–2017, APC: +0.9%) followed by marked decline (2017–2023, APC: −4.9%).

Regional variations were notable. Among men, Galicia (AAPC: +3.7%) and Asturias (+3.4%) showed steepest increases, while Castile and León declined (−3.0%). In 2023, Navarre (SMR: 2.01) and Galicia (SMR: 1.93) had nearly double national IE mortality risk. For women, Galicia had most pronounced increase (AAPC: 4.1%), while significant declines occurred in Castile and León (AAPC: −4.1%). In 2023, Navarre (SMR: 2.46) and Galicia (SMR: 2.00) exhibited significantly elevated mortality.

Conclusions

IE mortality in Spain exhibits complex sex-specific trends and persistent regional disparities, underscoring the need for targeted, equitable public health interventions.

本研究旨在描述西班牙感染性心内膜炎（IE）死亡率的国家和地区趋势。方法本生态学研究利用西班牙国家统计局的数据分析了1999年至2023年西班牙IE死亡率趋势。年龄标准化死亡率（ASMRs）采用2013年欧洲标准人口的直接标准化计算。结合点回归分析确定了趋势轨迹的显著变化，计算了年变化百分比（APC）和平均年变化百分比（AAPC）。使用2023年的标准化死亡率（SMRs）评估区域差异。结果1999年至2023年间，西班牙发生了29,766例IE死亡；58.0%为女性，89.0%年龄≥65岁。男性ASMR从2.46 / 10万增加到2.95 / 10万（AAPC: +1.2%），从1999年到2010年显著上升（APC: +2.1%），随后趋于稳定。相反，女性的ASMR从2.60 / 10万下降到2.00 / 10万（AAPC: - 0.5%），先是上升（1999-2017年，APC: +0.9%），然后明显下降（2017-2023年，APC: - 4.9%）。地区差异显著。在男性中，加利西亚（AAPC: +3.7%）和阿斯图里亚斯（+3.4%）增长最快，而卡斯蒂利亚和León则下降了（- 3.0%）。2023年，纳瓦拉（SMR: 2.01）和加利西亚（SMR: 1.93）的IE死亡率几乎是全国IE死亡率的两倍。对于女性来说，加利西亚的增长最为明显（AAPC: 4.1%），而卡斯蒂利亚和León的下降最为明显（AAPC: - 4.1%）。2023年，纳瓦拉（SMR: 2.46）和加利西亚（SMR: 2.00）的死亡率显著升高。结论：西班牙的sie死亡率呈现出复杂的性别趋势和持续的地区差异，强调需要有针对性、公平的公共卫生干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Prostatic abscesses as a cause of persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia 前列腺脓肿是引起持续性金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症的原因

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503032

Valeria Ferrando-Mérida , Marina Machado , Carmen Cuenca , Rubén Alonso , Patricia Muñoz , Emilio Bouza

Introduction

Persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is associated with high mortality and requires prompt identification and control of the infectious source. Prostatic abscesses, though rare, are an underrecognized cause of persistent SAB, especially in patients with urinary symptoms and comorbidities.

Methods

We present two cases of persistent methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia in which no initial focus was identified despite extensive evaluation. Further investigation led to the diagnosis of prostatic abscesses as the underlying source.

Results

Both patients underwent transurethral drainage of the abscesses in combination with prolonged antibiotic therapy. This combined approach resulted in resolution of the bacteremia and favorable clinical outcomes.

Conclusions

Prostatic abscesses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent SAB, particularly in patients with suggestive urinary symptoms or risk factors. Timely recognition and appropriate source control through surgical drainage and antibiotics are essential for achieving clinical cure.

持续性金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症（SAB）与高死亡率相关，需要及时识别和控制传染源。前列腺脓肿，虽然罕见，是一个未被充分认识的原因，持续SAB，特别是在患者的泌尿系统症状和合并症。方法我们报告了两例持续性甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）菌血症，尽管进行了广泛的评估，但未确定最初的焦点。进一步的调查导致诊断前列腺脓肿为潜在的来源。结果两例患者均行经尿道脓肿引流术，并长期应用抗生素治疗。这种联合方法导致了菌血症的解决和良好的临床结果。结论在诊断持续性SAB时应考虑前列腺脓肿，特别是伴有泌尿系统症状或危险因素的患者。及时识别并通过手术引流和抗生素进行适当的源头控制是实现临床治愈的必要条件。

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引用次数: 0

Performance of the BD Phoenix CPO detect assay for the detection and classification of OXA-48 producing-Escherichia coli that do not co-produce ESBL/pAmpC 不产生ESBL/pAmpC的OXA-48产大肠杆菌的BD Phoenix CPO检测和分类性能

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503035

Fátima Galán-Sánchez , Inés Portillo-Calderón , Manuel Rodriguez-Iglesias , Álvaro Pascual , Lorena López-Cerero

Introduction

The BD Phoenix™ Emerge panel incorporates the CPO detect test (CPO-T), which enables both detection and classification of carbapenemases. Integrating reliable carbapenemase detection – particularly group D enzymes – into routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), along with rapid susceptibility results, supports early optimization of antimicrobial therapy and implementation of infection control measures. These actions are essential for improving clinical outcomes and limiting the spread of resistance. This study evaluated the performance of CPO-T in detecting carbapenemase activity in a well-characterized collection of Escherichia coli isolates producing only OXA-48, without co-production of ESBL or pAmpC (OXA48-NoE-NoA-E. coli). Additionally, we assessed the BD Phoenix™ system ability to provide rapid antimicrobial susceptibility results.

Methods

Fifty-one OXA48-NoE-NoA-E. coli isolates were included. Ten carbapenem-resistant, non-carbapenemase-producing isolates served as negative controls (NC). All isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing using Illumina technology, and carbapenem MICs were determined by reference broth microdilution.

Results

CPO-T detected carbapenemase activity in 100% of the OXA48-NoE-NoA-E. coli isolates, with 82.4% correctly assigned to Ambler class D. Three NC isolates were misclassified as carbapenemase producers. The BD Phoenix™ system provided definitive susceptibility results in under 8 h for 64.6% of the antibiotics tested.

Conclusions

CPO-T is a reliable tool for detecting OXA48-NoE-NoA-E. coli, even in phenotypically complex cases. To ensure rapid and accurate classification, a confirmatory test – such as immunochromatography – should be performed. The BD Phoenix™ system also enables timely AST, supporting early and informed therapeutic decisions.

BD Phoenix™Emerge面板包含CPO检测测试（CPO- t），可以同时检测和分类碳青霉烯酶。将可靠的碳青霉烯酶检测（特别是D组酶）纳入常规抗微生物药敏试验（AST），以及快速的药敏结果，支持早期优化抗微生物治疗和实施感染控制措施。这些行动对于改善临床结果和限制耐药性的传播至关重要。本研究评估了CPO-T在仅产生OXA-48的大肠杆菌分离株中检测碳青霉烯酶活性的性能，这些分离株没有共同产生ESBL或pAmpC （OXA48-NoE-NoA-E）。杆菌)。此外，我们评估了BD Phoenix™系统提供快速抗菌药物敏感性结果的能力。MethodsFifty-one OXA48-NoE-NoA-E。包括大肠杆菌分离株。10株碳青霉烯耐药、不产碳青霉烯酶的分离株作为阴性对照（NC）。所有分离株采用Illumina技术进行全基因组测序，碳青霉烯类mic采用参考肉汤微量稀释法测定。结果scpo - t检测100%的OXA48-NoE-NoA-E的碳青霉烯酶活性。82.4%的菌株被正确归类为Ambler d类。3株NC被错误地归类为碳青霉烯酶产生菌。BD Phoenix™系统在8小时内为64.6%的抗生素测试提供了明确的药敏结果。结论scpo - t是检测OXA48-NoE-NoA-E的可靠工具。大肠杆菌，即使在表型复杂的情况下。为了确保快速和准确的分类，应进行确认试验，如免疫层析。BD Phoenix™系统还可以实现及时AST，支持早期和知情的治疗决策。

{"title":"Performance of the BD Phoenix CPO detect assay for the detection and classification of OXA-48 producing-Escherichia coli that do not co-produce ESBL/pAmpC","authors":"Fátima Galán-Sánchez , Inés Portillo-Calderón , Manuel Rodriguez-Iglesias , Álvaro Pascual , Lorena López-Cerero","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The BD Phoenix™ Emerge panel incorporates the CPO detect test (CPO-T), which enables both detection and classification of carbapenemases. Integrating reliable carbapenemase detection – particularly group D enzymes – into routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), along with rapid susceptibility results, supports early optimization of antimicrobial therapy and implementation of infection control measures. These actions are essential for improving clinical outcomes and limiting the spread of resistance. This study evaluated the performance of CPO-T in detecting carbapenemase activity in a well-characterized collection of <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates producing only OXA-48, without co-production of ESBL or p<em>AmpC</em> (OXA48-NoE-NoA-<em>E. coli</em>). Additionally, we assessed the BD Phoenix™ system ability to provide rapid antimicrobial susceptibility results.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-one OXA48-NoE-NoA-<em>E. coli</em> isolates were included. Ten carbapenem-resistant, non-carbapenemase-producing isolates served as negative controls (NC). All isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing using Illumina technology, and carbapenem MICs were determined by reference broth microdilution.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CPO-T detected carbapenemase activity in 100% of the OXA48-NoE-NoA-<em>E. coli</em> isolates, with 82.4% correctly assigned to Ambler class D. Three NC isolates were misclassified as carbapenemase producers. The BD Phoenix™ system provided definitive susceptibility results in under 8h for 64.6% of the antibiotics tested.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CPO-T is a reliable tool for detecting OXA48-NoE-NoA-<em>E. coli</em>, even in phenotypically complex cases. To ensure rapid and accurate classification, a confirmatory test – such as immunochromatography – should be performed. The BD Phoenix™ system also enables timely AST, supporting early and informed therapeutic decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"44 1","pages":"Article 503035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Outbreak of human external ophthalmomyiasis due to Oestrus ovis in northwestern Spain: Diagnosis, management, and case series 西班牙西北部因卵巢发情引起的人外眼病暴发：诊断、管理和病例系列

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503042

Elia de Esteban Maciñeira , Raquel Carracedo , Laura Formoso , Sara Pereira , José Llovo-Taboada , Manuel F. Bande

Introduction

To present a case series of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by Oestrus ovis (L. 1758) (Diptera, Oestridae) larvae over an eight-week period in Santiago de Compostela (NW Spain), highlighting its entomology facts, epidemiological factors, clinical management, and possible complications.

Methods

Five cases were detected at the Ophthalmology Emergency Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. All patients presented with foreign body sensation, tearing, and ocular redness. Larvae were mechanically removed and identified as O. ovis in the L1 larval stage.

Results

Early treatment with larval extraction, antiseptics, and anti-inflammatory agents led to complete resolution without complications. Cases were associated with rural exposure during late summer and early autumn under warm and humid climatic conditions.

Conclusion

External ophthalmomyiasis is an uncommon parasitic zoonosis caused by dipteran larvae, with O. ovis being the most common agent. Accurate diagnosis and early treatment prevent complications. This series highlights the importance of considering climatic and rural exposure factors in endemic areas and suggests the potential impact of climate change on the disease's distribution.

本文报道了西班牙西北部圣地亚哥德孔波斯特拉（Santiago de Compostela） 8周内由卵母鳗（Oestrus ois， L. 1758）（双翅目，卵母鳗科）幼虫引起的一系列外眼病病例，重点介绍了其昆虫学事实、流行病学因素、临床处理和可能的并发症。方法在Clínico圣地亚哥孔波斯特拉大学医院眼科急诊科检查5例。所有患者均有异物感、流泪、眼红肿。在L1幼虫期机械去除幼虫，鉴定为卵圆蚧。结果早期进行幼虫提取、抗菌、抗炎等治疗，完全治愈，无并发症。病例与夏末和初秋温暖潮湿气候条件下的农村暴露有关。结论眼外病是一种罕见的由双翅目昆虫幼虫引起的寄生虫病，以卵圆虫最常见。准确诊断和早期治疗可预防并发症。该系列强调了考虑流行地区气候和农村暴露因素的重要性，并提出了气候变化对疾病分布的潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Trends in the epidemiology and management of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease in La Rioja-Spain (2006–2019) 2006-2019年西班牙拉里奥哈市非结核分枝杆菌肺病流行病学趋势及防治

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503029

Javier Ugedo , Carla Andrea Alonso , Nisa Boukichou-Abdelkader , Marta Lamata , Carlos Ruiz-Martínez , José-Ramón Blanco

Introduction

Understanding the local epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and assessing clinical practices related to NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are crucial for optimizing patient management. To this end, we analysed these aspects in the Spanish region of La Rioja.

Methods

A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using data of all patients with NTM isolated from respiratory specimens in La Rioja between 2006 and 2019. Demographic, microbiological, clinical, radiological, therapeutic, and outcome data were collected.

Results

A total of 305 patients were identified, 61 of whom met criteria for NTM-PD. The mean incidence rate of NTM isolations was 6.85 per 100,000 person-year and that of PD-NTM was 1.37. The annual incidence of PD-NTM remained stable during most of the period studied. Municipalities in the west of La Rioja had higher rates of isolation and PD-NTM than those in the east. Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium xenopi were the most frequently caused PD-NTM. Notably, 32.8% of patients with PD-NTM did not receive the antibiotic treatment recommended by guidelines.

Conclusions

NTM isolation and PD-NTM rates and the most frequently isolated species are in line with results from other regions of Spain and Europe, however, marked differences are appreciated between the different municipalities of La Rioja. The annual rate of EP-NTM did not show the upward trend described in other studies. The degree of adherence to the guidelines could be improved.

了解当地非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）的流行病学和评估与NTM肺病（NTM- pd）相关的临床实践对优化患者管理至关重要。为此，我们分析了西班牙拉里奥哈地区的这些方面。方法对2006 - 2019年从拉里奥哈市呼吸标本中分离的所有NTM患者的资料进行回顾性描述性研究。收集了人口统计学、微生物学、临床、放射学、治疗和结局数据。结果共发现305例患者，其中61例符合NTM-PD标准。NTM的平均发病率为6.85 / 10万人/年，PD-NTM的平均发病率为1.37 / 10万人/年。PD-NTM的年发病率在大部分研究期间保持稳定。拉里奥哈西部各市的隔离率和PD-NTM发病率高于东部各市。禽分枝杆菌复合体和xenopi分枝杆菌是最常见的PD-NTM病因。值得注意的是，32.8%的PD-NTM患者没有接受指南推荐的抗生素治疗。结论sntm的分离率、PD-NTM的分离率和最常分离种与西班牙和欧洲其他地区的结果一致，但在拉里奥哈市之间存在显著差异。EP-NTM的年增长率没有其他研究中描述的上升趋势。可以提高对准则的遵守程度。

{"title":"Trends in the epidemiology and management of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease in La Rioja-Spain (2006–2019)","authors":"Javier Ugedo , Carla Andrea Alonso , Nisa Boukichou-Abdelkader , Marta Lamata , Carlos Ruiz-Martínez , José-Ramón Blanco","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Understanding the local epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and assessing clinical practices related to NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are crucial for optimizing patient management. To this end, we analysed these aspects in the Spanish region of La Rioja.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using data of all patients with NTM isolated from respiratory specimens in La Rioja between 2006 and 2019. Demographic, microbiological, clinical, radiological, therapeutic, and outcome data were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 305 patients were identified, 61 of whom met criteria for NTM-PD. The mean incidence rate of NTM isolations was 6.85 per 100,000 person-year and that of PD-NTM was 1.37. The annual incidence of PD-NTM remained stable during most of the period studied. Municipalities in the west of La Rioja had higher rates of isolation and PD-NTM than those in the east. <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> complex and <em>Mycobacterium xenopi</em> were the most frequently caused PD-NTM. Notably, 32.8% of patients with PD-NTM did not receive the antibiotic treatment recommended by guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NTM isolation and PD-NTM rates and the most frequently isolated species are in line with results from other regions of Spain and Europe, however, marked differences are appreciated between the different municipalities of La Rioja. The annual rate of EP-NTM did not show the upward trend described in other studies. The degree of adherence to the guidelines could be improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"44 1","pages":"Article 503029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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