Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503032
Valeria Ferrando-Mérida , Marina Machado , Carmen Cuenca , Rubén Alonso , Patricia Muñoz , Emilio Bouza
Introduction
Persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is associated with high mortality and requires prompt identification and control of the infectious source. Prostatic abscesses, though rare, are an underrecognized cause of persistent SAB, especially in patients with urinary symptoms and comorbidities.
Methods
We present two cases of persistent methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia in which no initial focus was identified despite extensive evaluation. Further investigation led to the diagnosis of prostatic abscesses as the underlying source.
Results
Both patients underwent transurethral drainage of the abscesses in combination with prolonged antibiotic therapy. This combined approach resulted in resolution of the bacteremia and favorable clinical outcomes.
Conclusions
Prostatic abscesses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent SAB, particularly in patients with suggestive urinary symptoms or risk factors. Timely recognition and appropriate source control through surgical drainage and antibiotics are essential for achieving clinical cure.
{"title":"Prostatic abscesses as a cause of persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","authors":"Valeria Ferrando-Mérida , Marina Machado , Carmen Cuenca , Rubén Alonso , Patricia Muñoz , Emilio Bouza","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Persistent <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> bacteremia (SAB) is associated with high mortality and requires prompt identification and control of the infectious source. Prostatic abscesses, though rare, are an underrecognized cause of persistent SAB, especially in patients with urinary symptoms and comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We present two cases of persistent methicillin-susceptible <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MSSA) bacteremia in which no initial focus was identified despite extensive evaluation. Further investigation led to the diagnosis of prostatic abscesses as the underlying source.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both patients underwent transurethral drainage of the abscesses in combination with prolonged antibiotic therapy. This combined approach resulted in resolution of the bacteremia and favorable clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prostatic abscesses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent SAB, particularly in patients with suggestive urinary symptoms or risk factors. Timely recognition and appropriate source control through surgical drainage and antibiotics are essential for achieving clinical cure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"44 1","pages":"Article 503032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The BD Phoenix™ Emerge panel incorporates the CPO detect test (CPO-T), which enables both detection and classification of carbapenemases. Integrating reliable carbapenemase detection – particularly group D enzymes – into routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), along with rapid susceptibility results, supports early optimization of antimicrobial therapy and implementation of infection control measures. These actions are essential for improving clinical outcomes and limiting the spread of resistance. This study evaluated the performance of CPO-T in detecting carbapenemase activity in a well-characterized collection of Escherichia coli isolates producing only OXA-48, without co-production of ESBL or pAmpC (OXA48-NoE-NoA-E. coli). Additionally, we assessed the BD Phoenix™ system ability to provide rapid antimicrobial susceptibility results.
Methods
Fifty-one OXA48-NoE-NoA-E. coli isolates were included. Ten carbapenem-resistant, non-carbapenemase-producing isolates served as negative controls (NC). All isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing using Illumina technology, and carbapenem MICs were determined by reference broth microdilution.
Results
CPO-T detected carbapenemase activity in 100% of the OXA48-NoE-NoA-E. coli isolates, with 82.4% correctly assigned to Ambler class D. Three NC isolates were misclassified as carbapenemase producers. The BD Phoenix™ system provided definitive susceptibility results in under 8 h for 64.6% of the antibiotics tested.
Conclusions
CPO-T is a reliable tool for detecting OXA48-NoE-NoA-E. coli, even in phenotypically complex cases. To ensure rapid and accurate classification, a confirmatory test – such as immunochromatography – should be performed. The BD Phoenix™ system also enables timely AST, supporting early and informed therapeutic decisions.
{"title":"Performance of the BD Phoenix CPO detect assay for the detection and classification of OXA-48 producing-Escherichia coli that do not co-produce ESBL/pAmpC","authors":"Fátima Galán-Sánchez , Inés Portillo-Calderón , Manuel Rodriguez-Iglesias , Álvaro Pascual , Lorena López-Cerero","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The BD Phoenix™ Emerge panel incorporates the CPO detect test (CPO-T), which enables both detection and classification of carbapenemases. Integrating reliable carbapenemase detection – particularly group D enzymes – into routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), along with rapid susceptibility results, supports early optimization of antimicrobial therapy and implementation of infection control measures. These actions are essential for improving clinical outcomes and limiting the spread of resistance. This study evaluated the performance of CPO-T in detecting carbapenemase activity in a well-characterized collection of <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates producing only OXA-48, without co-production of ESBL or p<em>AmpC</em> (OXA48-NoE-NoA-<em>E. coli</em>). Additionally, we assessed the BD Phoenix™ system ability to provide rapid antimicrobial susceptibility results.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-one OXA48-NoE-NoA-<em>E. coli</em> isolates were included. Ten carbapenem-resistant, non-carbapenemase-producing isolates served as negative controls (NC). All isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing using Illumina technology, and carbapenem MICs were determined by reference broth microdilution.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CPO-T detected carbapenemase activity in 100% of the OXA48-NoE-NoA-<em>E. coli</em> isolates, with 82.4% correctly assigned to Ambler class D. Three NC isolates were misclassified as carbapenemase producers. The BD Phoenix™ system provided definitive susceptibility results in under 8<!--> <!-->h for 64.6% of the antibiotics tested.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>CPO-T is a reliable tool for detecting OXA48-NoE-NoA-<em>E. coli</em>, even in phenotypically complex cases. To ensure rapid and accurate classification, a confirmatory test – such as immunochromatography – should be performed. The BD Phoenix™ system also enables timely AST, supporting early and informed therapeutic decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"44 1","pages":"Article 503035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503042
Elia de Esteban Maciñeira , Raquel Carracedo , Laura Formoso , Sara Pereira , José Llovo-Taboada , Manuel F. Bande
Introduction
To present a case series of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by Oestrus ovis (L. 1758) (Diptera, Oestridae) larvae over an eight-week period in Santiago de Compostela (NW Spain), highlighting its entomology facts, epidemiological factors, clinical management, and possible complications.
Methods
Five cases were detected at the Ophthalmology Emergency Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. All patients presented with foreign body sensation, tearing, and ocular redness. Larvae were mechanically removed and identified as O. ovis in the L1 larval stage.
Results
Early treatment with larval extraction, antiseptics, and anti-inflammatory agents led to complete resolution without complications. Cases were associated with rural exposure during late summer and early autumn under warm and humid climatic conditions.
Conclusion
External ophthalmomyiasis is an uncommon parasitic zoonosis caused by dipteran larvae, with O. ovis being the most common agent. Accurate diagnosis and early treatment prevent complications. This series highlights the importance of considering climatic and rural exposure factors in endemic areas and suggests the potential impact of climate change on the disease's distribution.
本文报道了西班牙西北部圣地亚哥德孔波斯特拉（Santiago de Compostela） 8周内由卵母鳗（Oestrus ois， L. 1758）（双翅目，卵母鳗科）幼虫引起的一系列外眼病病例，重点介绍了其昆虫学事实、流行病学因素、临床处理和可能的并发症。方法在Clínico圣地亚哥孔波斯特拉大学医院眼科急诊科检查5例。所有患者均有异物感、流泪、眼红肿。在L1幼虫期机械去除幼虫，鉴定为卵圆蚧。结果早期进行幼虫提取、抗菌、抗炎等治疗，完全治愈，无并发症。病例与夏末和初秋温暖潮湿气候条件下的农村暴露有关。结论眼外病是一种罕见的由双翅目昆虫幼虫引起的寄生虫病，以卵圆虫最常见。准确诊断和早期治疗可预防并发症。该系列强调了考虑流行地区气候和农村暴露因素的重要性，并提出了气候变化对疾病分布的潜在影响。
{"title":"Outbreak of human external ophthalmomyiasis due to Oestrus ovis in northwestern Spain: Diagnosis, management, and case series","authors":"Elia de Esteban Maciñeira , Raquel Carracedo , Laura Formoso , Sara Pereira , José Llovo-Taboada , Manuel F. Bande","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>To present a case series of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by <em>Oestrus ovis</em> (L. 1758) (Diptera, Oestridae) larvae over an eight-week period in Santiago de Compostela (NW Spain), highlighting its entomology facts, epidemiological factors, clinical management, and possible complications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Five cases were detected at the Ophthalmology Emergency Department of the Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. All patients presented with foreign body sensation, tearing, and ocular redness. Larvae were mechanically removed and identified as <em>O. ovis</em> in the L1 larval stage.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Early treatment with larval extraction, antiseptics, and anti-inflammatory agents led to complete resolution without complications. Cases were associated with rural exposure during late summer and early autumn under warm and humid climatic conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>External ophthalmomyiasis is an uncommon parasitic zoonosis caused by dipteran larvae, with <em>O. ovis</em> being the most common agent. Accurate diagnosis and early treatment prevent complications. This series highlights the importance of considering climatic and rural exposure factors in endemic areas and suggests the potential impact of climate change on the disease's distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"44 1","pages":"Article 503042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503029
Javier Ugedo , Carla Andrea Alonso , Nisa Boukichou-Abdelkader , Marta Lamata , Carlos Ruiz-Martínez , José-Ramón Blanco
Introduction
Understanding the local epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and assessing clinical practices related to NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are crucial for optimizing patient management. To this end, we analysed these aspects in the Spanish region of La Rioja.
Methods
A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using data of all patients with NTM isolated from respiratory specimens in La Rioja between 2006 and 2019. Demographic, microbiological, clinical, radiological, therapeutic, and outcome data were collected.
Results
A total of 305 patients were identified, 61 of whom met criteria for NTM-PD. The mean incidence rate of NTM isolations was 6.85 per 100,000 person-year and that of PD-NTM was 1.37. The annual incidence of PD-NTM remained stable during most of the period studied. Municipalities in the west of La Rioja had higher rates of isolation and PD-NTM than those in the east. Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium xenopi were the most frequently caused PD-NTM. Notably, 32.8% of patients with PD-NTM did not receive the antibiotic treatment recommended by guidelines.
Conclusions
NTM isolation and PD-NTM rates and the most frequently isolated species are in line with results from other regions of Spain and Europe, however, marked differences are appreciated between the different municipalities of La Rioja. The annual rate of EP-NTM did not show the upward trend described in other studies. The degree of adherence to the guidelines could be improved.
{"title":"Trends in the epidemiology and management of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease in La Rioja-Spain (2006–2019)","authors":"Javier Ugedo , Carla Andrea Alonso , Nisa Boukichou-Abdelkader , Marta Lamata , Carlos Ruiz-Martínez , José-Ramón Blanco","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Understanding the local epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and assessing clinical practices related to NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) are crucial for optimizing patient management. To this end, we analysed these aspects in the Spanish region of La Rioja.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective descriptive study was conducted using data of all patients with NTM isolated from respiratory specimens in La Rioja between 2006 and 2019. Demographic, microbiological, clinical, radiological, therapeutic, and outcome data were collected.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 305 patients were identified, 61 of whom met criteria for NTM-PD. The mean incidence rate of NTM isolations was 6.85 per 100,000 person-year and that of PD-NTM was 1.37. The annual incidence of PD-NTM remained stable during most of the period studied. Municipalities in the west of La Rioja had higher rates of isolation and PD-NTM than those in the east. <em>Mycobacterium avium</em> complex and <em>Mycobacterium xenopi</em> were the most frequently caused PD-NTM. Notably, 32.8% of patients with PD-NTM did not receive the antibiotic treatment recommended by guidelines.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>NTM isolation and PD-NTM rates and the most frequently isolated species are in line with results from other regions of Spain and Europe, however, marked differences are appreciated between the different municipalities of La Rioja. The annual rate of EP-NTM did not show the upward trend described in other studies. The degree of adherence to the guidelines could be improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"44 1","pages":"Article 503029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503027
Mario Fernández-Ruiz , Rafael San-Juan , María Milagro Montero , José Ramón Paño-Pardo , Jordi Carratalà , Jesús Fortún , Miguel Salavert , Julián Torre-Cisneros , José María Aguado , representing the members of the OPENIN
Due to its high incidence, urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of health resources utilization and antibiotic prescription in both outpatient and inpatient settings. The OPENIN (“Optimización de procesos clínicos para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de infecciones”) Group is composed of Infectious Diseases specialists and Microbiologists and aims at generating recommendations that can contribute to improve the approach to processes with high impact on the health system based on a review of the best available evidence. The second Group meeting (held in October 2024) sought to answer the following questions: Can we optimize the syndromic and microbiological diagnosis of UTI? Is it possible to improve antibiotic treatment practices? And finally, are the different interventions (non-pharmacological measures, antibiotic prophylaxis, bacterial vaccines or probiotics, among others) effective in reducing the risk of recurrences? The present review summarizes the literature reviewed for that meeting and offers a series of expert recommendations.
尿路感染（UTI）由于其高发病率，是门诊和住院卫生资源利用和抗生素处方的常见原因。OPENIN（“Optimización de procesos clínicos para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de infeciones”）小组由传染病专家和微生物学家组成，旨在根据对现有最佳证据的审查，提出有助于改进对卫生系统有重大影响的过程的方法的建议。第二次小组会议（于2024年10月举行）旨在回答以下问题：我们能否优化尿路感染的综合征和微生物诊断？是否有可能改进抗生素治疗方法？最后，不同的干预措施（非药物措施、抗生素预防、细菌疫苗或益生菌等）是否能有效降低复发风险？本综述总结了为该会议审查的文献，并提出了一系列专家建议。
{"title":"How can we optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of urinary tract infection? Expert opinion-based recommendations","authors":"Mario Fernández-Ruiz , Rafael San-Juan , María Milagro Montero , José Ramón Paño-Pardo , Jordi Carratalà , Jesús Fortún , Miguel Salavert , Julián Torre-Cisneros , José María Aguado , representing the members of the OPENIN","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to its high incidence, urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of health resources utilization and antibiotic prescription in both outpatient and inpatient settings. The OPENIN <em>(“Optimización de procesos clínicos para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de infecciones”)</em> Group is composed of Infectious Diseases specialists and Microbiologists and aims at generating recommendations that can contribute to improve the approach to processes with high impact on the health system based on a review of the best available evidence. The second Group meeting (held in October 2024) sought to answer the following questions: Can we optimize the syndromic and microbiological diagnosis of UTI? Is it possible to improve antibiotic treatment practices? And finally, are the different interventions (non-pharmacological measures, antibiotic prophylaxis, bacterial vaccines or probiotics, among others) effective in reducing the risk of recurrences? The present review summarizes the literature reviewed for that meeting and offers a series of expert recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"44 1","pages":"Article 503027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503047
Miaoni Kong, Wen Zhou
Objective
To characterize the clinical manifestations of Rickettsia japonica (R. japonica) infection and to generate evidence facilitating early diagnosis and targeted treatment.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of five patients with R. japonica infection who were treated in the Emergency Department, Xiling Campus, Yichang Central People's Hospital, between January 2023 and December 2024.
Results
All patients were residents of Yichang City, Hubei Province, aged 58–70 years, and 80% (4/5) were farmers. The onset of illness occurred exclusively between May and September, and all patients reported a definite history of outdoor exposure. The predominant clinical manifestations were fever, rash, and eschar. Laboratory findings revealed thrombocytopenia, elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK), as well as increased inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). R. japonica nucleic acid was detected in all patients by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of blood samples. Three patients initially received empirical doxycycline therapy, which was subsequently adjusted to a standard regimen after diagnostic confirmation. Defervescence occurred at a median of two days (range, 1–7 days), followed by gradual resolution of rash and alleviation of systemic symptoms. All patients achieved complete clinical recovery and were discharged without complications.
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of heightened clinical awareness of R. japonica infection, emphasizing the integration of epidemiological context with hallmark clinical features – particularly fever, rash, and eschar – during peak transmission seasons in endemic areas. Early recognition allows the timely initiation of doxycycline therapy, which is essential for achieving favorable outcomes. Moreover, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) provides the definitive identification of pathogens and guides targeted antimicrobial therapy.
{"title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of Rickettsia japonica infection: A retrospective case series of five patients","authors":"Miaoni Kong, Wen Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.503047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To characterize the clinical manifestations of <em>Rickettsia japonica</em> (<em>R. japonica</em>) infection and to generate evidence facilitating early diagnosis and targeted treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of five patients with <em>R. japonica</em> infection who were treated in the Emergency Department, Xiling Campus, Yichang Central People's Hospital, between January 2023 and December 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All patients were residents of Yichang City, Hubei Province, aged 58–70 years, and 80% (4/5) were farmers. The onset of illness occurred exclusively between May and September, and all patients reported a definite history of outdoor exposure. The predominant clinical manifestations were fever, rash, and eschar. Laboratory findings revealed thrombocytopenia, elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK), as well as increased inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). <em>R. japonica</em> nucleic acid was detected in all patients by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of blood samples. Three patients initially received empirical doxycycline therapy, which was subsequently adjusted to a standard regimen after diagnostic confirmation. Defervescence occurred at a median of two days (range, 1–7 days), followed by gradual resolution of rash and alleviation of systemic symptoms. All patients achieved complete clinical recovery and were discharged without complications.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the importance of heightened clinical awareness of <em>R. japonica</em> infection, emphasizing the integration of epidemiological context with hallmark clinical features – particularly fever, rash, and eschar – during peak transmission seasons in endemic areas. Early recognition allows the timely initiation of doxycycline therapy, which is essential for achieving favorable outcomes. Moreover, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) provides the definitive identification of pathogens and guides targeted antimicrobial therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"44 1","pages":"Article 503047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TB is one of the most deathly infections worldwide, affecting disproportionally people living with HIV (PLHIV). Furthermore, HIV co-infection is related to worse outcomes for TB patients, including lower treatment success.
Methods
Using surveillance records of all TB cases notified in Barcelona city from 2001 to 2021, we analyzed TB treatment success according to HIV status. Additionally, we explored potential social and health related and factors associated to unsuccessful treatment in PLHIV, using multiple regression analyses.
Results
Out of the 8406 new TB cases diagnosed during the study period, 9% were co-infected with HIV. According to our regression models, PLHIV were more frequently men, users of injected drugs (aOR = 45.81; 95% CI (33.10–64.26)), had previously been treated for TB (aOR = 1.77; 95% CI (1.30–2.40)) and had a lower rate of contact tracing (aOR = 0.51; 95% CI (0.40–0.64)). Among PLHIV, unsuccessful treatment was related to the use of injected drugs and homelessness, but it was lower for those who had undergone contact tracing.
Conclusion
PLHIV have higher odds of unsuccessful TB treatment, especially those who are homeless and use injected drugs. Contact tracing improved treatment success, calling for further efforts and resources to correctly follow-up on these patients, with the goal of increasing treatment success.
{"title":"Unsuccessful tuberculosis-treatment in HIV-positive patients and associated factors","authors":"Guillermo Bosch , Joan-Pau Millet , Àngels Orcau , Isabel Moreira , Carles Pericas , Lluïsa Forns , Isabel Marcos , Raquel Prieto , Anna Hernandez , Lídia Arranz , Cristina Rius","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>TB is one of the most deathly infections worldwide, affecting disproportionally people living with HIV (PLHIV). Furthermore, HIV co-infection is related to worse outcomes for TB patients, including lower treatment success.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using surveillance records of all TB cases notified in Barcelona city from 2001 to 2021, we analyzed TB treatment success according to HIV status. Additionally, we explored potential social and health related and factors associated to unsuccessful treatment in PLHIV, using multiple regression analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of the 8406 new TB cases diagnosed during the study period, 9% were co-infected with HIV. According to our regression models, PLHIV were more frequently men, users of injected drugs (aOR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->45.81; 95% CI (33.10–64.26)), had previously been treated for TB (aOR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1.77; 95% CI (1.30–2.40)) and had a lower rate of contact tracing (aOR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.51; 95% CI (0.40–0.64)). Among PLHIV, unsuccessful treatment was related to the use of injected drugs and homelessness, but it was lower for those who had undergone contact tracing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PLHIV have higher odds of unsuccessful TB treatment, especially those who are homeless and use injected drugs. Contact tracing improved treatment success, calling for further efforts and resources to correctly follow-up on these patients, with the goal of increasing treatment success.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"43 10","pages":"Pages 666-673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transforming long-term care for people with HIV: Movimiento AHORA","authors":"Maria Velasco , Matilde Sanchez-Conde , Julián Olalla , Eugenia Negredo","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"43 10","pages":"Pages 632-635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145646004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nocardia species are opportunistic pathogens with intrinsic antimicrobial resistance and regional variability in susceptibility patterns. Argentina lacks standardized surveillance data, complicating empirical therapy. This study aimed to characterize Nocardia species distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles nationwide.
Methods
We analyzed 62 clinical Nocardia isolates from 41 laboratories across eight Argentine provinces (2020–2022). Species identification utilized MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed via broth microdilution for 11 antibiotics according to CLSI guidelines, with additional E-test comparisons.
Results
Respiratory specimens predominated (67.7%), followed by central nervous system (14.5%), skin/soft tissue (8.1%), and bloodstream (6.5%) infections. Primary species identified were N. cyriacigeorgica (30.6%), N. abscessus complex (22.6%), and N. farcinica complex (17.7%). Highest susceptibility rates occurred with linezolid (100%) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (97.6%). Significant resistance was observed for clarithromycin (81.0%), ciprofloxacin (76.2%), and moxifloxacin (57.1%). N. farcinica dominated CNS infections (55.6%), while N. brasiliensis complex prevailed in skin/soft tissue cases (80%). Methodological discrepancies between testing methods showed 33.3% major errors for ceftriaxone (E-test vs. microdilution).
Conclusion
This first Argentine nationwide surveillance study confirms trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and linezolid as reliable empiric therapy options while highlighting concerning resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides. The observed methodological discordance emphasizes the critical need for standardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing protocols for Nocardia species.
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Nocardia species in clinical isolates from Argentina (2020–2022)","authors":"Mónica Prieto, María Florencia Rocca, Rita Armitano, Ariel Gianecini, Lucía Cipolla","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Nocardia</em> species are opportunistic pathogens with intrinsic antimicrobial resistance and regional variability in susceptibility patterns. Argentina lacks standardized surveillance data, complicating empirical therapy. This study aimed to characterize <em>Nocardia</em> species distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles nationwide.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 62 clinical <em>Nocardia</em> isolates from 41 laboratories across eight Argentine provinces (2020–2022). Species identification utilized MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed via broth microdilution for 11 antibiotics according to CLSI guidelines, with additional E-test comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Respiratory specimens predominated (67.7%), followed by central nervous system (14.5%), skin/soft tissue (8.1%), and bloodstream (6.5%) infections. Primary species identified were <em>N. cyriacigeorgica</em> (30.6%), <em>N. abscessus</em> complex (22.6%), and <em>N. farcinica</em> complex (17.7%). Highest susceptibility rates occurred with linezolid (100%) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (97.6%). Significant resistance was observed for clarithromycin (81.0%), ciprofloxacin (76.2%), and moxifloxacin (57.1%). <em>N. farcinica</em> dominated CNS infections (55.6%), while <em>N. brasiliensis</em> complex prevailed in skin/soft tissue cases (80%). Methodological discrepancies between testing methods showed 33.3% major errors for ceftriaxone (E-test vs. microdilution).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This first Argentine nationwide surveillance study confirms trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and linezolid as reliable empiric therapy options while highlighting concerning resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides. The observed methodological discordance emphasizes the critical need for standardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing protocols for <em>Nocardia</em> species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"43 10","pages":"Pages 659-665"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145645987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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