Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.09.008
Fernando de la Calle-Prieto , Marta Arsuaga , Graciela Rodríguez-Sevilla , Nancy Sandoval Paiz , Marta Díaz-Menéndez
Currently, an increasing impact of some arboviruses has been observed in Europe, mainly Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV), and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHFV) analyzed through a One Health perspective that considers their expansion across the continent. Arboviruses are primarily transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks, with human activities and climate change playing crucial roles in their spread. The review highlights the ecological and epidemiological aspects of arboviruses, emphasizing the roles of diverse hosts and reservoirs, including humans, animals, and vectors, in their life cycles. The influence of climate change on the ecology of the vector, which potentially favors the arbovirus transmission, is also reviewed. Focusing on diagnosis, prevention and in the absence of specific treatments, the importance of understanding vector–host interactions and environmental impacts to develop effective control and prevention strategies is emphasized. Ongoing research on vaccines and therapies is crucial to mitigate the public health impact of these diseases.
{"title":"The current status of arboviruses with major epidemiological significance in Europe","authors":"Fernando de la Calle-Prieto , Marta Arsuaga , Graciela Rodríguez-Sevilla , Nancy Sandoval Paiz , Marta Díaz-Menéndez","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, an increasing impact of some arboviruses has been observed in Europe, mainly Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV), and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHFV) analyzed through a One Health perspective that considers their expansion across the continent. Arboviruses are primarily transmitted by vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks, with human activities and climate change playing crucial roles in their spread. The review highlights the ecological and epidemiological aspects of arboviruses, emphasizing the roles of diverse hosts and reservoirs, including humans, animals, and vectors, in their life cycles. The influence of climate change on the ecology of the vector, which potentially favors the arbovirus transmission, is also reviewed. Focusing on diagnosis, prevention and in the absence of specific treatments, the importance of understanding vector–host interactions and environmental impacts to develop effective control and prevention strategies is emphasized. Ongoing research on vaccines and therapies is crucial to mitigate the public health impact of these diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 9","pages":"Pages 516-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.03.002
Objective
To describe other reasons for requesting HIV serology in emergency departments (ED) other than the 6 defined in the SEMES-GESIDA consensus document (DC-SEMES-GESIDA) and to analyze whether it would be efficient to include any of them in the future.
Methods
Review of all HIV serologies performed during 2 years in 20 Catalan EDs. Serologies requested for reasons not defined by the DC-SEMES-GESIDA were grouped by common conditions, the prevalence (IC95%) of seropositivity for each condition was calculated, and those whose 95% confidence lower limit was >0.1% were considered efficient. Sensitivity analysis considered that serology would have been performed on 20% of cases attended and the remaining 80% would have been seronegative.
Results
There were 8044 serologies performed for 248 conditions not recommended by DC-SEMES-GESIDA, in 17 there were seropositive, and in 12 the performance of HIV serology would be efficient. The highest prevalence of detection corresponded to patients from endemic countries (7.41%, 0.91–24.3), lymphopenia (4.76%, 0.12–23.8), plateletopenia (4.37%, 1.20–10.9), adenopathy (3.45%, 0.42–11.9), meningoencephalitis (3.12%, 0.38–10.8) and drug use (2.50%, 0.68–6.28). Sensitivity analysis confirmed efficiency in 6 of them: endemic country origin, plateletopenia, drug abuse, toxic syndrome, behavioral-confusional disorder-agitation and fever of unknown origin.
Conclusion
The DC-SEMES-GESIDA targeted HIV screening strategy in the ED could efficiently include other circumstances not previously considered; the most cost-effective would be origin from an endemic country, plateletopenia, drug abuse, toxic syndrome, behavioral-confusional-agitation disorder and fever of unknown origin.
{"title":"Analysis of the reasons for requesting HIV serology in the emergency department other than those defined in the targeted screening strategy of the “Urgències VIHgila” program and its potential inclusion in a future consensus document","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe other reasons for requesting HIV serology<span> in emergency departments (ED) other than the 6 defined in the SEMES-GESIDA consensus document (DC-SEMES-GESIDA) and to analyze whether it would be efficient to include any of them in the future.</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Review of all HIV serologies performed during 2 years in 20 Catalan EDs. Serologies requested for reasons not defined by the DC-SEMES-GESIDA were grouped by common conditions, the prevalence (IC95%) of seropositivity for each condition was calculated, and those whose 95% confidence lower limit was >0.1% were considered efficient. Sensitivity analysis considered that serology would have been performed on 20% of cases attended and the remaining 80% would have been seronegative.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span><span>There were 8044 serologies performed for 248 conditions not recommended by DC-SEMES-GESIDA, in 17 there were seropositive, and in 12 the performance of HIV serology would be efficient. The highest prevalence of detection corresponded to patients from endemic countries (7.41%, 0.91–24.3), lymphopenia (4.76%, 0.12–23.8), plateletopenia (4.37%, 1.20–10.9), </span>adenopathy<span> (3.45%, 0.42–11.9), meningoencephalitis (3.12%, 0.38–10.8) and drug use (2.50%, 0.68–6.28). Sensitivity analysis confirmed efficiency in 6 of them: endemic country origin, plateletopenia, drug abuse, toxic syndrome, behavioral-confusional disorder-agitation and </span></span>fever of unknown origin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The DC-SEMES-GESIDA targeted HIV screening strategy in the ED could efficiently include other circumstances not previously considered; the most cost-effective would be origin from an endemic country, plateletopenia, drug abuse, toxic syndrome, behavioral-confusional-agitation disorder and fever of unknown origin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 9","pages":"Pages 492-500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140190411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.06.002
Introduction
The management of infections in war wounds is a problem aggravated by the presence of multiresistant bacteria and requires a combined approach with surgery. Literature has identified the risks and patterns of antibiotic resistance in previous armed conflicts, but the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has required the study of specific bacterial resistance patterns.
Methods
We included war-injured patients from the Russian-Ukrainian conflict transferred for treatment to the General Defense Hospital of Zaragoza from May 2022 to October 2023. Epidemiological data, factors related to the injury, presence of infection and microbiological results were collected; These data were subsequently analyzed statistically.
Results
Fifty-three patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 35.6 years; 83% were injured by an explosive mechanism and all received antibiotic therapy prior to transfer. Seventeen patients had skin, soft tissue or joint infection. Correlation was demonstrated with the presence of bone lesion (p 0.03), skin coverage defect (p 0.000) and presence of foreign bodies (p 0.006). Nine patients had monomicrobial cultures, and the most frequently isolated microorganisms were Gram negative bacilli (GNB) and Staphylococcus aureus. Virtually all GNB presented some resistance mechanism.
Conclusion
Our work shows the correlation of war wound infection with the presence of foreign bodies and affected tissues. Likewise, the presence of polymicrobial wounds is emphasized, with a predominance of GNB and multidrug-resistant S. aureus.
{"title":"Characterization of wound infections among patients injured during the Ruso-Ukrainian war in a Role 4 hospital","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><span>The management of infections in war wounds is a problem aggravated by the presence of multiresistant bacteria and requires a combined approach with surgery. Literature has identified the risks and patterns of </span>antibiotic resistance in previous armed conflicts, but the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has required the study of specific bacterial resistance patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included war-injured patients from the Russian-Ukrainian conflict transferred for treatment to the General Defense Hospital of Zaragoza from May 2022 to October 2023. Epidemiological data, factors related to the injury, presence of infection and microbiological results were collected; These data were subsequently analyzed statistically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><span><span>Fifty-three patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 35.6 years; 83% were injured by an explosive mechanism and all received antibiotic therapy prior to transfer. Seventeen patients had skin, soft tissue or joint infection. Correlation was demonstrated with the presence of bone lesion<span> (p 0.03), skin coverage defect (p 0.000) and presence of foreign bodies (p 0.006). Nine patients had monomicrobial cultures, and the most frequently isolated microorganisms were </span></span>Gram negative bacilli (GNB) and </span><span><span>Staphylococcus aureus</span></span>. Virtually all GNB presented some resistance mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div><span>Our work shows the correlation of war wound infection with the presence of foreign bodies and affected tissues. Likewise, the presence of polymicrobial wounds is emphasized, with a predominance of GNB and multidrug-resistant </span><em>S. aureus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 9","pages":"Pages 501-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.09.004
María del Mar Rodero Roldán , Valentín Yuste Benavente , Ana Isabel López Calleja , Juan Manuel García-Lechuz
{"title":"Reply to “Characterization of wound infections among patients injured during the Ruso-Ukrainian war in a Role 4 hospital”","authors":"María del Mar Rodero Roldán , Valentín Yuste Benavente , Ana Isabel López Calleja , Juan Manuel García-Lechuz","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 9","pages":"Page 542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.07.009
Background
People with HIV (PWH) in suppressive antiretroviral treatment suffer from chronic inflammation-related comorbidities, mainly cardiovascular diseases. However, given the lack of specific evidence about inflammation in PWH, clinical guidelines do not provide recommendations for the management of this issue. To date, physician awareness of inflammation in PWH remains unclear. We analyzed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to inflammation, particularly in the clinical management of PWH, of infectious disease specialists (IDS)/internists compared to other specialists treating inflammation directly (rheumatologists) or its cardiovascular consequences (cardiologists).
Methods
A committee of IDS/internists treating PWH, cardiologists, and rheumatologists designed the KAP questionnaire. The survey was completed by 405 participants (135 physicians per specialty) stratified by Spanish geography, hospital size, and number of PWH under care (IDS/internists only).
Results
IDS/internists treating PWH scored higher than cardiologists and rheumatologists on knowledge of inflammation (5.5 ± 1.4 out of 8 points vs. 5.2 ± 1.3 and 4.6 ± 1.4 points, respectively; p < 0.05). Nevertheless, rheumatologists showed the most proactive attitude toward inflammation (i.e., biomarkers monitoring, anti-inflammatory drug prescription and cardiologist referral), followed by cardiologists and IDS/internists (13 ± 3 of a total of 16 points vs. 11 ± 3 and 10 ± 3.3 points, respectively; p < 0.05), irrespective of hospital size and years of experience. Most IDS/internists (59%) include inflammation in their therapeutic recommendations. However, in IDS/internists treating PWH, we observed a negative correlation between years of experience and concern about the clinical consequences of inflammation.
Conclusion
Our findings show that, compared to other specialists, infectious disease specialists/internists have high knowledge about inflammation in HIV infection, but, in the absence of scientific evidence to base their decisions on inflammatory markers, the therapeutic implications are scarce. The results support the need for more evidence on the monitoring and treatment of inflammation in PWH.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices in HIV-related chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk in Spain","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.07.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2023.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>People with HIV (PWH) in suppressive antiretroviral treatment suffer from chronic inflammation-related comorbidities, mainly cardiovascular diseases. However, given the lack of specific evidence about inflammation in PWH, clinical guidelines do not provide recommendations for the management of this issue. To date, physician awareness of inflammation in PWH remains unclear. We analyzed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to inflammation, particularly in the clinical management of PWH, of infectious disease specialists (IDS)/internists compared to other specialists treating inflammation directly (rheumatologists) or its cardiovascular consequences (cardiologists).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A committee of IDS/internists treating PWH, cardiologists, and rheumatologists designed the KAP questionnaire. The survey was completed by 405 participants (135 physicians per specialty) stratified by Spanish geography, hospital size, and number of PWH under care (IDS/internists only).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IDS/internists treating PWH scored higher than cardiologists and rheumatologists on knowledge of inflammation (5.5<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.4 out of 8 points vs. 5.2<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.3 and 4.6<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.4 points, respectively; <em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Nevertheless, rheumatologists showed the most proactive attitude toward inflammation (i.e., biomarkers monitoring, anti-inflammatory drug prescription and cardiologist referral), followed by cardiologists and IDS/internists (13<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3 of a total of 16 points vs. 11<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3 and 10<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->3.3 points, respectively; <em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05), irrespective of hospital size and years of experience. Most IDS/internists (59%) include inflammation in their therapeutic recommendations. However, in IDS/internists treating PWH, we observed a negative correlation between years of experience and concern about the clinical consequences of inflammation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings show that, compared to other specialists, infectious disease specialists/internists have high knowledge about inflammation in HIV infection, but, in the absence of scientific evidence to base their decisions on inflammatory markers, the therapeutic implications are scarce. The results support the need for more evidence on the monitoring and treatment of inflammation in PWH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 9","pages":"Pages 484-491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72016342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.05.014
Domingo Fernández Vecilla , Mikel Joseba Urrutikoetxea Gutiérrez , Mary Paz Roche Matheus , Felicitas Elena Calvo Muro , José Luis Díaz de Tuesta del Arco
Eggerthella lenta is an obligate anaerobic, Gram-positive bacilli, belonging to the human microbiota of gastrointestinal and female reproductive tracts, oral cavity and prostate gland. In this article, we aim to describe clinical and microbiological characteristics of seven E. lenta strains causing bacteremia. We conducted a descriptive retrospective study including all E. lenta strains causing bacteremia, from February 2019 to August 2023 at the Basurto University Hospital. Seven patients were included in the study with a mean age of 72.7 years. Six patients presented risk factors associated with bacterial infections. All patients were admitted to the hospital because of suspicious of bloodstream infection associated with abdominal symptoms for intravenous antibiotic treatment. Four E. lenta isolates were resistant to penicillin, while all isolates presented high MICs to piperacillin/tazobactam and low MICs to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. All patients recovered without no complications.
连塔卵球菌（Eggerthella lenta）是一种厌氧革兰阳性杆菌，属于人类胃肠道、女性生殖道、口腔和前列腺微生物群。本文旨在描述引起菌血症的 7 株伦他大肠杆菌的临床和微生物学特征。我们开展了一项描述性回顾研究，其中包括 2019 年 2 月至 2023 年 8 月期间在巴苏托大学医院引起菌血症的所有连塔菌菌株。研究共纳入七名患者，平均年龄为 72.7 岁。六名患者存在与细菌感染相关的风险因素。所有患者均因怀疑血流感染并伴有腹部症状而入院接受静脉抗生素治疗。4 例伦他大肠杆菌分离株对青霉素耐药，所有分离株对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的 MIC 值较高，对阿莫西林/克拉维酸的 MIC 值较低。所有患者均已康复，未出现并发症。
{"title":"Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Eggerthella lenta causing bacteremia","authors":"Domingo Fernández Vecilla , Mikel Joseba Urrutikoetxea Gutiérrez , Mary Paz Roche Matheus , Felicitas Elena Calvo Muro , José Luis Díaz de Tuesta del Arco","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Eggerthella lenta</em> is an obligate anaerobic, Gram-positive bacilli, belonging to the human microbiota of gastrointestinal and female reproductive tracts, oral cavity and prostate gland. In this article, we aim to describe clinical and microbiological characteristics of seven <em>E. lenta</em> strains causing bacteremia. We conducted a descriptive retrospective study including all <em>E. lenta</em> strains causing bacteremia, from February 2019 to August 2023 at the Basurto University Hospital. Seven patients were included in the study with a mean age of 72.7 years. Six patients presented risk factors associated with bacterial infections. All patients were admitted to the hospital because of suspicious of bloodstream infection associated with abdominal symptoms for intravenous antibiotic treatment. Four <em>E. lenta</em> isolates were resistant to penicillin, while all isolates presented high MICs to piperacillin/tazobactam and low MICs to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. All patients recovered without no complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 9","pages":"Pages 512-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142577828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.01.005
Introduction
Currently, the status of serological screening for toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Spain is unknown, and there is no official recommendation. The objective of this study is to show the current practice of gestational screening for toxoplasmosis in hospitals belonging to the Spanish Network for Research on Congenital Toxoplasmosis (REIV-TOXO).
Methods
An electronic survey was sent between April 2021 and September 2021 to investigators from 118 hospitals of REIV-TOXO, representing all Spanish regions. Nine items related to gestational screening for toxoplasmosis were collected. This information was compared with cases of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) identified in REIV-TOXO to determine if these were diagnosed in the presence of gestational screening.
Results
During the study period, serological screening was performed in 53.3% (63/118) hospitals, with variations between regions and even among hospitals within the same region. Testing performed in each trimester was the most common practice (57.7%), followed by a single determination (24.4%). 89.4% of CT cases between January 2015 and September 2021 were diagnosed due to gestational screening.
Conclusion
The decision to perform gestational screening for toxoplasmosis in Spain is highly heterogeneous, with significant local and regional differences. Despite this, screening still allows the diagnosis of most CT cases. It is urgent to have current epidemiological data to inform decision-making in public health.
{"title":"Results of the REIV-TOXO national survey on prenatal screening for toxoplasmosis in Spain","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Currently, the status of serological screening for toxoplasmosis<span><span> in pregnant women in Spain is unknown, and there is no official recommendation. The objective of this study is to show the current practice of gestational screening for toxoplasmosis in hospitals belonging to the Spanish Network for Research on </span>Congenital Toxoplasmosis (REIV-TOXO).</span></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An electronic survey was sent between April 2021 and September 2021 to investigators from 118 hospitals of REIV-TOXO, representing all Spanish regions. Nine items related to gestational screening for toxoplasmosis were collected. This information was compared with cases of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) identified in REIV-TOXO to determine if these were diagnosed in the presence of gestational screening.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>During the study period, serological screening was performed in 53.3% (63/118) hospitals, with variations between regions and even among hospitals within the same region. Testing performed in each trimester was the most common practice (57.7%), followed by a single determination (24.4%). 89.4% of CT cases between January 2015 and September 2021 were diagnosed due to gestational screening.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The decision to perform gestational screening for toxoplasmosis in Spain is highly heterogeneous, with significant local and regional differences. Despite this, screening still allows the diagnosis of most CT cases. It is urgent to have current epidemiological data to inform decision-making in public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 9","pages":"Pages 478-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139652380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2024.09.002
Nuria Torrellas Bertran , Gemma Garcia Continente , Oscar Villarreal
{"title":"Tuberculous meningitis due to Mycobacterium africanum in Spain, a case report","authors":"Nuria Torrellas Bertran , Gemma Garcia Continente , Oscar Villarreal","doi":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimce.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72916,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)","volume":"42 9","pages":"Pages 536-538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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