Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)最新文献

英文中文

About “Comparative analysis of acute respiratory infections of viral etiology in children under 6 months with and without nirsevimab in the Balearic Islands (2022-2023 and 2023-2024)” 致编辑的关于“巴利阿里群岛（2022-2023年和2023-2024年）6个月以下使用和不使用nirseimab的儿童急性呼吸道病毒病因感染的比较分析”的信。

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.06.016

Paula Corihuela Menéndez, Sacramento M. Segovia López, Alejandra Méndez Sánchez, Lara González García

引用次数: 0

The current challenge of accurately diagnosing new HIV infections 当前的挑战是准确诊断新的艾滋病毒感染

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.07.004

Sergio Fuente-García , Laura Martínez-García , Ana Moreno , Juan Carlos Galán

引用次数: 0

Seroprevalence and incidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in the health care area of Santiago de Compostela (NW Spain): 2015–2022 圣地亚哥德孔波斯特拉（西班牙西北部）卫生保健区孕妇弓形虫感染血清阳性率和发病率：2015-2022

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.06.014

Noelia Parajó Pazos , Alberto Molares-Vila , Maria Jesús Purriños Hermida , Maria Mercedes Treviño Castellano

Background

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a globally distributed parasite. In pregnant women, primary infection can lead to congenital toxoplasmosis, resulting in severe birth defects or serious sequelae later in life. The main objective of the present study was to provide epidemiological data on T. gondii infection in pregnant women in our health care area.

Method

We collected the results of T. gondii serology in pregnant women in the health area of our hospital between 2015 and 2022. Both prevalence and incidence were studied. Differences in prevalence and incidence were analysed based on the womeńs age and their area of residence (differentiating between urban and rural areas). The evolution of incidence and prevalence over the years was also examined.

Results

A total of 20,117 pregnant women were included in the study. The prevalence found was 26.98% (5427/20,117), and the incidence was 0.19% (26/13,443). The incidence decreased significantly during the study period, by 34.6% per year, and the prevalence also showed a significant annual decrease of 5.25% since 2018 using Joinpoint regression model. The seroprevalence was significantly higher in women from rural areas and in women above or equal to the median age. Additionally, a subgroup of 379 women from Central and South America was studied, revealing a prevalence of 32.7% (124/379).

Conclusion

Incidence and prevalence of T. gondii have declined significantly in recent years. To guide the implementation of effective gestational screening, it is essential to have up-to-date prevalence and incidence data for different geographical areas of Spain. This will help determine not only the necessity of screening but also the most suitable methods for its implementation.

弓形虫病是一种由弓形虫引起的感染，弓形虫是一种全球分布的寄生虫。在孕妇中，原发性感染可导致先天性弓形虫病，导致严重的出生缺陷或生命后期的严重后遗症。本研究的主要目的是提供本地区孕妇弓形虫感染的流行病学资料。方法收集2015 - 2022年我院卫生区孕妇弓形虫血清学检测结果。研究了患病率和发病率。根据womeńs年龄及其居住地区（区分城市和农村地区）分析患病率和发病率的差异。还审查了多年来发病率和流行率的演变。结果共有20117名孕妇被纳入研究。检出率为26.98%(5427/ 20117)，发病率为0.19%（26/ 13443）。在研究期间，发病率显著下降，每年下降34.6%，自2018年以来，患病率也出现了5.25%的显著下降。农村地区妇女和年龄中位数以上或等于中位数的妇女的血清患病率明显较高。此外，对来自中南美洲的379名妇女进行了亚组研究，发现患病率为32.7%（124/379）。结论弓形虫的发病率和流行率近年来呈明显下降趋势。为了指导有效妊娠筛查的实施，掌握西班牙不同地理区域的最新患病率和发病率数据至关重要。这不仅有助于确定筛查的必要性，而且有助于确定实施筛查的最合适方法。

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引用次数: 0

Severe disseminated disease in pregnant patient 妊娠患者严重播散性疾病。

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.09.001

Álvaro Liesa-Tordera , María Cano Navarro , Elisa Ibáñez-Martínez , Rafael Garcés-González

引用次数: 0

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.09.015

Cristian Mateo León, Noelia Hernando Parreño, Diego García Martínez de Artola

引用次数: 0

Management of refractory cytomegalovirus esophagitis in a patient with lymphoma and severe immunosuppression: foscarnet versus maribavir 难治性巨细胞病毒食管炎淋巴瘤伴严重免疫抑制患者的治疗：氟膦酸钠与马里巴韦的比较

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.09.013

María Ángeles Asencio Egea , José María López-Pintor Huertas , Martín Cabero Becerra , Javier Sánchez López

引用次数: 0

Mediastinal fibrosis as a complication of Histoplasma capsulatum infection in an immunocompromised patient 免疫功能低下患者荚膜组织浆体感染的纵隔纤维化并发症。

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.09.007

Susana Laura García Aguilera , Beatriz Villar Navas , Alba Mohedano Sánchez , Nerea Mohino Farré

引用次数: 0

Low-effort HIV training in Spanish primary care: Long-term impact on testing and diagnosis 西班牙初级保健中的低努力艾滋病毒培训：对检测和诊断的长期影响

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.06.015

Alejandro G. García-Ruiz de Morales , María Jesús Vivancos , Beatriz Romero-Hernández , David Rial-Crestelo , Francisco Arnaiz de las Revillas , Jorge Sanchez-Villegas , Marta Montero Alonso , María de la Villa López Sánchez , María Remedios Alemán Valls , Santiago Moreno , Javier Martínez-Sanz , María Jesús Pérez-Elías , on behalf of CoRIS

Background

Recent improvements in the HIV care cascade have reduced HIV incidence in high- and middle-income countries, yet late HIV diagnosis remains a critical issue. This study examines the impact of a two-hour training session on HIV testing and diagnosis rates in primary care centers in Madrid, Spain.

Methods

In 2017, we conducted a non-mandatory, two-hour training session on updated HIV and HCV guidelines for primary care providers in 20 centers within the Ramón y Cajal Hospital area. We compared yearly HIV testing rates and late diagnosis rates in the five years before and after the intervention. We used data from Ramón y Cajal Hospital Microbiology Department's electronic records and the CoRIS cohort, including demographic and clinical information.

Results

Of the 630 target primary care providers, 454 (72%) attended the sessions. HIV testing rates increased from 1780 to 2155 tests per 100,000 inhabitants (p < 0.0001) post-intervention, with a stable rate of positive tests. Late diagnosis rates in our area decreased from 58.9% to 48.7%, while rates in the rest of Madrid and Spain increased (AOR 1.22, p < 0.001). The intervention area showed a significant reduction in advanced HIV disease (AOR 0.66, p = 0.095), contrasting with the upward trend in other regions.

Conclusion

A simple two-hour training session for primary care providers effectively increased HIV testing rates and reduced late diagnoses in our health area compared to national trends. Implementing similar strategies on a broader scale could help mitigate the rising rates of late HIV diagnosis and improve overall community health outcomes.

最近艾滋病毒护理级联的改进降低了高收入和中等收入国家的艾滋病毒发病率，但艾滋病毒的晚期诊断仍然是一个关键问题。本研究考察了西班牙马德里初级保健中心的两个小时培训课程对艾滋病毒检测和诊断率的影响。方法2017年，我们在Ramón y Cajal医院地区的20个中心对初级保健提供者进行了为期两小时的非强制性培训，内容是最新的HIV和HCV指南。我们比较了干预前后五年的年度HIV检测率和晚期诊断率。我们使用的数据来自Ramón y Cajal医院微生物科的电子记录和CoRIS队列，包括人口统计和临床信息。结果630名目标初级保健提供者中，454名（72%）参加了会议。干预后，艾滋病毒检测率从每10万居民1780例增加到2155例（p < 0.0001），阳性检测率保持稳定。我们地区的晚期诊断率从58.9%下降到48.7%，而马德里和西班牙其他地区的晚期诊断率上升（AOR为1.22,p < 0.001）。干预区HIV晚期发病率显著降低（AOR为0.66,p = 0.095），而其他地区呈上升趋势。结论与全国趋势相比，对初级保健提供者进行简单的两小时培训可有效提高本卫生区域的艾滋病毒检测率，减少晚期诊断。在更广泛的范围内实施类似的战略可以帮助减缓艾滋病毒晚期诊断率的上升，并改善总体社区卫生结果。

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引用次数: 0

Acute Q fever in Majorca island 2017–2022. An underestimated problem 2017-2022年马略卡岛急性Q热。一个被低估的问题。

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.05.001

Mercedes García-Gasalla , Sophia Pinecki Socias , Pablo A. Fraile , Victoria Fernández-Baca , Aroa Villoslada , Antonio Adrover , Sandra Gregorio , Marta González-Moreno , Alfredo Pinheiro Martins , Alexander Zidouh , Gemma Mut , Meritxell Gavaldà , Melchor Riera , Luisa Martín Pena , Javier Murillas Angoiti

Introduction

Q fever (QF) is a zoonotic infection caused by Coxiella burnetii. Previous studies suggest that the incidence in the island of Majorca may be high. The objective was to know the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of acute QF (AQF) on the island of Majorca during the years 2017–2022.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of a series of cases of AQF diagnosed in 3 out 4 hospitals of the Health Service of the island of Majorca. AQF was considered if a clinically compatible syndrome was present with one of the following serological criteria: confirmed AQF if IgG seroconversion phase II, very possible if only IgG ≥1/128 is available in addition to a positive IgM, and AQF possible if IgG≥ 1/512 with negative IgM or if IgM positive with negative IgG in a single serological determination.

Results

223 cases of AQF were diagnosed, of which 102 (45.7%) were confirmed, 84 (37.7%) very probable and 37 (16.6%) probable AQF. Prolonged febrile syndrome was the most frequent clinical diagnosis (107, 48.0%), followed by pneumonia with/without pleural effusion (49, 21.9%), acute hepatitis (38, 17.0%), pericarditis and/or myocarditis (6, 2.6%). Three patients developed endocarditis (one in the acute phase, two others during follow-up). The median number of cases per year was 34 (p25–p75: 31.7–40.25). AQF-related mortality was 1.8% (4 patients).

Conclusion

AQF is a preventable and little recognized zoonosis, causing significant morbidity and mortality in Majorca.

简介：Q热是一种由伯纳克希菌引起的人畜共患感染。先前的研究表明，马略卡岛的发病率可能很高。目的是了解2017-2022年马略卡岛急性QF （AQF）的流行病学、临床、诊断和治疗特征。方法：回顾性分析马略卡岛卫生服务机构4所医院中3所诊断的一系列AQF病例。如果临床相容综合征存在以下血清学标准之一，则考虑AQF：如果IgG血清转化期为确诊AQF，如果IgG≥1/128且IgM阳性，则极有可能，如果IgG≥1/512且IgM阴性或IgM阳性且IgG阴性，则AQF可能。结果：确诊AQF 223例，确诊102例（45.7%），极可能84例（37.7%），可能37例（16.6%）。延长热综合征是最常见的临床诊断（107例，48.0%），其次是肺炎合并/不合并胸腔积液（49例，21.9%），急性肝炎（38例，17.0%），心包炎和/或心肌炎（6例，2.6%）。3例患者发生心内膜炎（1例急性期，2例随访）。每年中位病例数为34例（p25-p75: 31.7-40.25）。aqf相关死亡率为1.8%（4例）。结论：马略卡岛AQF是一种可预防的人畜共患病，其发病率和死亡率均较高。

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引用次数: 0

Human gut microbiome study through metagenomics: Recent advances and challenges for clinical implementation 通过宏基因组学研究人类肠道微生物组：临床实施的最新进展和挑战。

Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2025.09.011

Cristina Jiménez-Arroyo , Natalia Molinero , Rosa del Campo , Susana Delgado , M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas

Metagenomics has decisively advanced the study of the gut microbiome, enabling a better understanding of its importance for human health. Metataxonomics, based on the sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, provides taxonomic profiles of prokaryotes, while shotgun metagenomics allows a comprehensive characterization of all DNA present in a sample. With adequate sequencing depth, the latter increases taxonomic resolution to the strain level and provides detailed information on the functional potential of the microbiota. However, the lack of standardization in sample collection and processing, sequencing technologies, and data management limits the comparability of results and their implementation in clinical laboratories. This review offers a practical and updated framework on metagenomic methodologies, data analysis, and the application of artificial intelligence tools, highlighting advances and best practices to facilitate the integration of functional microbiome analysis into clinical practice and to overcome current challenges.

宏基因组学决定性地推进了肠道微生物组的研究，使人们能够更好地了解其对人类健康的重要性。元基因组学基于16S rRNA基因的测序，提供了原核生物的分类概况，而散弹枪元基因组学允许对样本中存在的所有DNA进行全面表征。有了足够的测序深度，后者将分类学分辨率提高到菌株水平，并提供有关微生物群功能潜力的详细信息。然而，在样本采集和处理、测序技术和数据管理方面缺乏标准化，限制了结果的可比性及其在临床实验室中的实施。这篇综述为宏基因组学方法、数据分析和人工智能工具的应用提供了一个实用的和最新的框架，强调了将功能微生物组分析整合到临床实践中并克服当前挑战的进展和最佳实践。

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全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

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Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)

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