Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1101893
L. Marchand, F. Hennion, M. Tarayre, Marie-Claire Martin, Benoit R. Martins, C. Monard
{"title":"Corrigendum: Fellfields of the Kerguelen Islands harbour specific soil microbiomes and rhizomicrobiomes of an endemic plant facing necrosis","authors":"L. Marchand, F. Hennion, M. Tarayre, Marie-Claire Martin, Benoit R. Martins, C. Monard","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1101893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1101893","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45317962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-02DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1060937
C. Rocha, L. Y. Kochi, J. Brito, L. Maranho, D. N. M. Carneiro, Michele Valquíria dos Reis, A. Gauthier, P. Juneau, M. P. Gomes
Enrofloxacin (Enro) is often detected in soil and animal manure used for crop production and phytotoxic responses have been observed in plants grown under antimicrobial presence. In the present paper, we investigated the effects of the presence of Enro in soils (1.9 mg kg-1) and manure (50.4 mg kg-1) in growth and flower production of calla lily plants (Zantedeschia aethiopica). We also reported the accumulation and distribution of Enro between plant tissues aiming to evaluate the safety of commercializing plants produced under Enro-contaminated conditions. The presence of Enro in soils and manure did not affect plant growth and flower production and did not induce any physiological effects in plants (as evaluated by photosynthetic pigment, hydrogen peroxide concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in leaves). Plants accumulated Enro mainly in their roots, restraining its translocation to shoots, which contributes to the safety of the commercialization of their flowers. However, when commercialized as pots, the amount of Enro carried by plants is a matter of concern, and therefore, selling pot plants must be avoided. Due to their tolerance and capacity to remove Enro (up to 14.76% of Enro from contaminated soil and/or manure), plants are indicated for phytoremediation programs.
{"title":"Calla lily production in enrofloxacin-contaminated soil and manure: An attractive alternative coupling income generation with antimicrobial removal from the environment","authors":"C. Rocha, L. Y. Kochi, J. Brito, L. Maranho, D. N. M. Carneiro, Michele Valquíria dos Reis, A. Gauthier, P. Juneau, M. P. Gomes","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1060937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1060937","url":null,"abstract":"Enrofloxacin (Enro) is often detected in soil and animal manure used for crop production and phytotoxic responses have been observed in plants grown under antimicrobial presence. In the present paper, we investigated the effects of the presence of Enro in soils (1.9 mg kg-1) and manure (50.4 mg kg-1) in growth and flower production of calla lily plants (Zantedeschia aethiopica). We also reported the accumulation and distribution of Enro between plant tissues aiming to evaluate the safety of commercializing plants produced under Enro-contaminated conditions. The presence of Enro in soils and manure did not affect plant growth and flower production and did not induce any physiological effects in plants (as evaluated by photosynthetic pigment, hydrogen peroxide concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in leaves). Plants accumulated Enro mainly in their roots, restraining its translocation to shoots, which contributes to the safety of the commercialization of their flowers. However, when commercialized as pots, the amount of Enro carried by plants is a matter of concern, and therefore, selling pot plants must be avoided. Due to their tolerance and capacity to remove Enro (up to 14.76% of Enro from contaminated soil and/or manure), plants are indicated for phytoremediation programs.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44141800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1037222
Mohamed Boullouz, P. Bindraban, Isaac N. Kissiedu, Anselme K. K. Kouame, K. Devkota, W. Atakora
In Ghana, maize (Zea mays) is a crop crucial to achieving food and nutrition security. Maize consumption has increased exponentially over the past decades and contributes to 25% of the caloric consumption in the country. In order to assist in decision-making and guide investment in sustainable intensification of maize production, this study set out to identify the determinants of yield and to arrive at potential interventions for closing the maize yield gap. These were quantified using analytical approaches that combine a light use efficiency crop model (LINTUL-1) with statistical and geospatial analyses. Legacy data, auxiliary covariables, and maize fertilizer trials on eight experimental stations in Ghana were used in this study. Overall, the maize yield gap across the stations and trial treatments ranged from 17% to 98%. The variation in yield gap within a single station indicates a significant scope for closing the yield gap through site-specific nutrient management. Multiple linear regression models that explained 81% of the variability in maize yield gap identified soil organic matter, soil water-holding capacity, root zone depth, rainfall, sulfur fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer, in that order of importance, as the major determinants for closing the yield gap in the major agroecological zones of Ghana. The yield gap decreased by 1.4 t ha-1 with a 1% increase in soil organic matter. A 1 mm increase of the soil water-holding capacity reduced the yield gap by 1.06 t ha-1, while an increase in pH and in the application of potassium fertilizer widened the gap. These results suggest that both soil physical and chemical properties, together with weather data, should be taken into consideration to arrive at site-specific fertilizer recommendation and other agronomic practices.
在加纳，玉米是实现粮食和营养安全的关键作物。在过去的几十年里，玉米的消费量呈指数级增长，占该国热量消费的25%。为了协助决策和指导对玉米生产可持续集约化的投资，本研究旨在确定产量的决定因素，并得出缩小玉米产量差距的潜在干预措施。使用将光利用效率作物模型（LINTUL-1）与统计和地理空间分析相结合的分析方法对其进行量化。本研究使用了加纳八个试验站的遗留数据、辅助协变量和玉米肥料试验。总体而言，各站和试验处理的玉米产量差距在17%至98%之间。单个站点内产量差距的变化表明，通过特定地点的营养管理来缩小产量差距的空间很大。多元线性回归模型解释了玉米产量差距81%的变异性，确定土壤有机质、土壤持水能力、根区深度、降雨量、硫肥和氮肥是缩小加纳主要农业生态区产量差距的主要决定因素。土壤有机质含量增加1%时，产量差距减小了1.4t ha-1。土壤持水量增加1mm可使产量差距缩小1.06 t ha-1，而pH值的增加和钾肥的施用则扩大了产量差距。这些结果表明，应考虑土壤的物理和化学性质，以及天气数据，以得出特定地点的肥料建议和其他农艺实践。
{"title":"An integrative approach based on crop modeling and geospatial and statistical analysis to quantify and explain the maize (Zea mays) yield gap in Ghana","authors":"Mohamed Boullouz, P. Bindraban, Isaac N. Kissiedu, Anselme K. K. Kouame, K. Devkota, W. Atakora","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1037222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1037222","url":null,"abstract":"In Ghana, maize (Zea mays) is a crop crucial to achieving food and nutrition security. Maize consumption has increased exponentially over the past decades and contributes to 25% of the caloric consumption in the country. In order to assist in decision-making and guide investment in sustainable intensification of maize production, this study set out to identify the determinants of yield and to arrive at potential interventions for closing the maize yield gap. These were quantified using analytical approaches that combine a light use efficiency crop model (LINTUL-1) with statistical and geospatial analyses. Legacy data, auxiliary covariables, and maize fertilizer trials on eight experimental stations in Ghana were used in this study. Overall, the maize yield gap across the stations and trial treatments ranged from 17% to 98%. The variation in yield gap within a single station indicates a significant scope for closing the yield gap through site-specific nutrient management. Multiple linear regression models that explained 81% of the variability in maize yield gap identified soil organic matter, soil water-holding capacity, root zone depth, rainfall, sulfur fertilizer, and nitrogen fertilizer, in that order of importance, as the major determinants for closing the yield gap in the major agroecological zones of Ghana. The yield gap decreased by 1.4 t ha-1 with a 1% increase in soil organic matter. A 1 mm increase of the soil water-holding capacity reduced the yield gap by 1.06 t ha-1, while an increase in pH and in the application of potassium fertilizer widened the gap. These results suggest that both soil physical and chemical properties, together with weather data, should be taken into consideration to arrive at site-specific fertilizer recommendation and other agronomic practices.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44218286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.956634
Esphorn Kibet, C. Musafiri, M. Kiboi, J. Macharia, O. Ng’etich, D. Kosgei, B. Mulianga, M. Okoti, Abdi Zeila, F. Ngetich
Introduction There is a vast data gap for the national and regional greenhouse gas (GHG) budget from different smallholder land utilization types in Kenya and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) at large. Quantifying soil GHG, i.e., methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from smallholder land utilization types, is essential in filling the data gap. Methods We quantified soil GHG emissions from different land utilization types in Western Kenya. We conducted a 26-soil GHG sampling campaign from the different land utilization types. The five land utilization types include 1) agroforestry M (agroforestry Markhamia lutea and sorghum), 2) sole sorghum (sorghum monocrop), 3) agroforestry L (Sorghum and Leucaena leucocephala), 4) sole maize (maize monocrop), and 5) grazing land. Results and discussion The soil GHG fluxes varied across the land utilization types for all three GHGs (p ≤ 0.0001). We observed the lowest CH4 uptake under grazing land (−0.35 kg CH4–C ha−1) and the highest under sole maize (−1.05 kg CH4–C ha−1). We recorded the lowest soil CO2 emissions under sole maize at 6,509.86 kg CO2–Cha−1 and the highest under grazing land at 14,400.75 kg CO2–Cha−1. The results showed the lowest soil N2O fluxes under grazing land at 0.69 kg N2O–N ha−1 and the highest under agroforestry L at 2.48 kg N2O–N ha−1. The main drivers of soil GHG fluxes were soil bulk density, soil organic carbon, soil moisture, clay content, and root production. The yield-scale N2O fluxes ranged from 0.35 g N2O–N kg−1 under sole maize to 4.90 g N2O–N kg−1 grain yields under agroforestry L. Nevertheless, our findings on the influence of land utilization types on soil GHG fluxes and yield-scaled N2O emissions are within previous studies in SSA, including Kenya, thus fundamental in filling the national and regional data of emissions budget. The findings are pivotal to policymakers in developing low-carbon development across land utilization types for smallholders farming systems.
引言肯尼亚和撒哈拉以南非洲不同小农户土地利用类型的国家和区域温室气体预算存在巨大的数据差距。量化土壤GHG，即小农户土地利用类型的甲烷（CH4）、二氧化碳（CO2）和一氧化二氮（N2O）排放量，对于填补数据空白至关重要。方法我们量化了肯尼亚西部不同土地利用类型的土壤GHG排放量。我们从不同的土地利用类型中进行了26次土壤GHG采样活动。五种土地利用类型包括：1）农林M（农林黄和高粱），2）独苗高粱（高粱单作），3）农林L（高粱和银合欢），4）独苗玉米（玉米单作）和5）牧场。结果和讨论所有三种温室气体的土壤GHG通量在不同土地利用类型之间存在差异（p≤0.0001）。我们观察到，牧场的CH4吸收量最低（−0.35 kg CH4–C ha−1），而纯玉米的CH4吸收率最高（−1.05 kg CH4–C ha−1。我们记录到，单独种植玉米的土壤CO2排放量最低，为6509.86 kg CO2–Cha−1，而放牧地的土壤二氧化碳排放量最高，为14400.75 kg CO2–Cha−1。结果表明，放牧地土壤N2O通量最低，为0.69 kg N2O–N ha−1，农林结合地土壤N20通量最高，为2.48 kg N2O-N ha−1。土壤GHG通量的主要驱动因素是土壤容重、土壤有机碳、土壤水分、粘土含量和根系产量。产量规模的N2O通量范围从单一玉米下的0.35 g N2O–N kg−1到农林业L下的4.90 g N2O-N kg−2粮食产量。然而，我们关于土地利用类型对土壤GHG通量和产量规模N2O排放的影响的研究结果在包括肯尼亚在内的SSA先前的研究中，因此对于填补国家和地区排放预算数据至关重要。这些发现对政策制定者在小农户农业系统的土地利用类型中发展低碳发展至关重要。
{"title":"Soil greenhouse gas emissions from different land utilization types in Western Kenya","authors":"Esphorn Kibet, C. Musafiri, M. Kiboi, J. Macharia, O. Ng’etich, D. Kosgei, B. Mulianga, M. Okoti, Abdi Zeila, F. Ngetich","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.956634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.956634","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction There is a vast data gap for the national and regional greenhouse gas (GHG) budget from different smallholder land utilization types in Kenya and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) at large. Quantifying soil GHG, i.e., methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from smallholder land utilization types, is essential in filling the data gap. Methods We quantified soil GHG emissions from different land utilization types in Western Kenya. We conducted a 26-soil GHG sampling campaign from the different land utilization types. The five land utilization types include 1) agroforestry M (agroforestry Markhamia lutea and sorghum), 2) sole sorghum (sorghum monocrop), 3) agroforestry L (Sorghum and Leucaena leucocephala), 4) sole maize (maize monocrop), and 5) grazing land. Results and discussion The soil GHG fluxes varied across the land utilization types for all three GHGs (p ≤ 0.0001). We observed the lowest CH4 uptake under grazing land (−0.35 kg CH4–C ha−1) and the highest under sole maize (−1.05 kg CH4–C ha−1). We recorded the lowest soil CO2 emissions under sole maize at 6,509.86 kg CO2–Cha−1 and the highest under grazing land at 14,400.75 kg CO2–Cha−1. The results showed the lowest soil N2O fluxes under grazing land at 0.69 kg N2O–N ha−1 and the highest under agroforestry L at 2.48 kg N2O–N ha−1. The main drivers of soil GHG fluxes were soil bulk density, soil organic carbon, soil moisture, clay content, and root production. The yield-scale N2O fluxes ranged from 0.35 g N2O–N kg−1 under sole maize to 4.90 g N2O–N kg−1 grain yields under agroforestry L. Nevertheless, our findings on the influence of land utilization types on soil GHG fluxes and yield-scaled N2O emissions are within previous studies in SSA, including Kenya, thus fundamental in filling the national and regional data of emissions budget. The findings are pivotal to policymakers in developing low-carbon development across land utilization types for smallholders farming systems.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43098847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-16DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020869
Expedito Olimi, Samuel Bickel, W. Wicaksono, P. Kusstatscher, Robert Matzer, T. Cernava, G. Berg
Soil microbial communities are crucial for plant growth and are already depleted by anthropogenic activities. The application of microbial transplants provides a strategy to restore beneficial soil traits, but less is known about the microbiota of traditional inoculants used in biodynamic agriculture. In this study, we used amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR to decipher microbial communities of composts, biodynamic manures, and plant preparations from Austria and France. In addition, we investigated the effect of extracts derived from biodynamic manure and compost on the rhizosphere microbiome of apple trees. Microbiota abundance, composition, and diversity of biodynamic manures, plant preparations, and composts were distinct. Microbial abundances ranged between 1010-1011 (bacterial 16S rRNA genes) and 109-1011 (fungal ITS genes). The bacterial diversity was significantly higher in biodynamic manures compared to compost without discernible differences in abundance. Fungal diversity was not significantly different while abundance was increased in biodynamic manures. The microbial communities of biodynamic manures and plant preparations were specific for each production site, but all contain potentially plant-beneficial bacterial genera. When applied in apple orchards, biodynamic preparations (extracts) had the non-significant effect of reducing bacterial and fungal abundance in apple rhizosphere (4 months post-application), while increasing fungal and lowering bacterial Shannon diversity. One to four months after inoculation, individual taxa indicated differential abundance. We observed the reduction of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria, and the enrichment of potentially beneficial bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas. Our study paves way for the science-based adaptation of empirically developed biodynamic formulations under different farming practices to restore the vitality of agricultural soils.
{"title":"Deciphering the microbial composition of biodynamic preparations and their effects on the apple rhizosphere microbiome","authors":"Expedito Olimi, Samuel Bickel, W. Wicaksono, P. Kusstatscher, Robert Matzer, T. Cernava, G. Berg","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020869","url":null,"abstract":"Soil microbial communities are crucial for plant growth and are already depleted by anthropogenic activities. The application of microbial transplants provides a strategy to restore beneficial soil traits, but less is known about the microbiota of traditional inoculants used in biodynamic agriculture. In this study, we used amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR to decipher microbial communities of composts, biodynamic manures, and plant preparations from Austria and France. In addition, we investigated the effect of extracts derived from biodynamic manure and compost on the rhizosphere microbiome of apple trees. Microbiota abundance, composition, and diversity of biodynamic manures, plant preparations, and composts were distinct. Microbial abundances ranged between 1010-1011 (bacterial 16S rRNA genes) and 109-1011 (fungal ITS genes). The bacterial diversity was significantly higher in biodynamic manures compared to compost without discernible differences in abundance. Fungal diversity was not significantly different while abundance was increased in biodynamic manures. The microbial communities of biodynamic manures and plant preparations were specific for each production site, but all contain potentially plant-beneficial bacterial genera. When applied in apple orchards, biodynamic preparations (extracts) had the non-significant effect of reducing bacterial and fungal abundance in apple rhizosphere (4 months post-application), while increasing fungal and lowering bacterial Shannon diversity. One to four months after inoculation, individual taxa indicated differential abundance. We observed the reduction of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria, and the enrichment of potentially beneficial bacterial genera such as Pseudomonas. Our study paves way for the science-based adaptation of empirically developed biodynamic formulations under different farming practices to restore the vitality of agricultural soils.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43061511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.979246
Bouchra Nasslahsen, Y. Prin, Hicham Ferhout, A. Smouni, R. Duponnois
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are major components of soil microbiota and mainly interact with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Mycorrhiza establishment impacts the plant physiology and some nutritional and physical properties of the rhizospheric soil. These effects alter the development of the root or mycorrhizas resulting from the activity of soil microorganisms. The rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants (mycorrhizosphere), is inhabited by large microbial activities responsible for several key ecosystem processes. This review is focused on the microbial interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and components of rhizosphere microbiota and highlight the agronomic potentialities of the Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria on mycorrhiza formation. The main conclusion is that this MHB effect in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants, enhance plant fitness and soil quality and are of great interest to ensure sustainable agricultural development and ecosystem functioning.
{"title":"Mycorrhizae helper bacteria for managing the mycorrhizal soil infectivity","authors":"Bouchra Nasslahsen, Y. Prin, Hicham Ferhout, A. Smouni, R. Duponnois","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.979246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.979246","url":null,"abstract":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are major components of soil microbiota and mainly interact with other microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Mycorrhiza establishment impacts the plant physiology and some nutritional and physical properties of the rhizospheric soil. These effects alter the development of the root or mycorrhizas resulting from the activity of soil microorganisms. The rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants (mycorrhizosphere), is inhabited by large microbial activities responsible for several key ecosystem processes. This review is focused on the microbial interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and components of rhizosphere microbiota and highlight the agronomic potentialities of the Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria on mycorrhiza formation. The main conclusion is that this MHB effect in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal plants, enhance plant fitness and soil quality and are of great interest to ensure sustainable agricultural development and ecosystem functioning.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43264884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the excessive propagation of water hyacinth has led to serious ecological and environmental problems; thereby, its treatment and disposal are of great significance. Moreover, the remediation of heavy metals in soil is a hot topic at present. Thus, water hyacinth was adopted to prepare biochar to investigate its effect on Cd accumulation in lettuce by pot experiments in this study. The optimal application amount of water hyacinth biochar was 1% (30 t ha−1), considering the Cd absorption and yield of lettuce plants. Compared with those of control, the application of biochar prepared at 700°C for 2 h with an amount of 3% (90 t ha−1) resulted in a reduction in Cd by 73.6% and 38.1%, respectively, in the shoots and roots of lettuce. Within a certain carbonization time (0.5~2 h) and carbonization temperature (300°C~700°C), the content of available Cd in the soil decreases with the increase of the carbonization temperature and time, which might be the main reason for the lower Cd concentration in lettuce after applying the biochar. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDS) analyses showed that Cd was fixed on the biochar in a state of passivation, leading to a sharp decrease in the available Cd in the soil. Moreover, it was concluded that the application of biochar brings with it an obvious increase in the enzyme activity increment in the soil up to 2.3 times. Lastly, 16sRNA sequencing has shown that biochar addition leads to variations in microbial structure and abundance in soil. Accordingly, biochar prepared by water hyacinth can increase lettuce yield and reduce the concentration of heavy metals in lettuce.
近年来，水葫芦的过度繁殖造成了严重的生态环境问题;因此，对其进行处理和处置具有重要意义。此外，土壤重金属的修复也是目前研究的热点。因此，本研究采用盆栽试验，以水葫芦为原料制备生物炭，研究其对生菜Cd积累的影响。考虑到莴苣植株对Cd的吸收和产量，水葫芦生物炭的最佳施用量为1% (30 t ha - 1)。与对照相比，在700°C条件下施用3% (90 t ha - 1)的生物炭2 h，生菜茎部和根部的镉含量分别降低了73.6%和38.1%。在一定的炭化时间(0.5~2 h)和炭化温度(300℃~700℃)内，土壤中有效态Cd含量随炭化温度和时间的增加而降低，这可能是施用生物炭后莴苣中Cd浓度降低的主要原因。此外，扫描电镜(SEM)和能量色散x射线荧光光谱(EDS)分析表明，Cd在钝化状态下被固定在生物炭上，导致土壤中有效Cd急剧减少。结果表明，施用生物炭可显著提高土壤酶活性，提高幅度可达2.3倍。最后，16sRNA测序表明，添加生物炭会导致土壤中微生物结构和丰度的变化。因此，水葫芦制备的生物炭可以提高生菜产量，降低生菜中重金属的浓度。
{"title":"Effects of water hyacinth biochar on lettuce growth in cadmium-contaminated soil","authors":"Chun-huo Zhou, Yali Wang, Li'e Wei, Hua-jun Huang, Chenglong Yu, Xin′an Yin","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.998654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.998654","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the excessive propagation of water hyacinth has led to serious ecological and environmental problems; thereby, its treatment and disposal are of great significance. Moreover, the remediation of heavy metals in soil is a hot topic at present. Thus, water hyacinth was adopted to prepare biochar to investigate its effect on Cd accumulation in lettuce by pot experiments in this study. The optimal application amount of water hyacinth biochar was 1% (30 t ha−1), considering the Cd absorption and yield of lettuce plants. Compared with those of control, the application of biochar prepared at 700°C for 2 h with an amount of 3% (90 t ha−1) resulted in a reduction in Cd by 73.6% and 38.1%, respectively, in the shoots and roots of lettuce. Within a certain carbonization time (0.5~2 h) and carbonization temperature (300°C~700°C), the content of available Cd in the soil decreases with the increase of the carbonization temperature and time, which might be the main reason for the lower Cd concentration in lettuce after applying the biochar. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDS) analyses showed that Cd was fixed on the biochar in a state of passivation, leading to a sharp decrease in the available Cd in the soil. Moreover, it was concluded that the application of biochar brings with it an obvious increase in the enzyme activity increment in the soil up to 2.3 times. Lastly, 16sRNA sequencing has shown that biochar addition leads to variations in microbial structure and abundance in soil. Accordingly, biochar prepared by water hyacinth can increase lettuce yield and reduce the concentration of heavy metals in lettuce.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43396095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-07DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1028328
Manfred M Mayer, Nicholas T Basta, Kirk G Scheckel
Measuring the reduction of in vitro bioaccessible (IVBA) Pb from the addition of phosphate amendments has been researched for more than 20 years. A range of effects have been observed from increases in IVBA Pb to almost 100% reduction. This study determined the mean change in IVBA Pb as a fraction of total Pb (AC) and relative to the IVBA Pb of the control soil (RC) with a random effects meta-analysis. Forty-four studies that investigated the ability of inorganic phosphate amendments to reduce IVBA Pb were identified through 5 databases. These studies were split into 3 groups: primary, secondary, and EPA Method 1340 based on selection criteria, with the primary group being utilized for subgroup analysis and meta-regression. The mean AC was approximately -12% and mean RC was approximately -25% for the primary and secondary groups. For the EPA Method 1340 group, the mean AC was -5% and mean RC was -8%. The results of subgroup analysis identified the phosphorous amendment applied and contamination source as having a significant effect on the AC and RC. Soluble amendments reduce bioaccessible Pb more than insoluble amendments and phosphoric acid is more effective than other phosphate amendments. Urban Pb contamination associated with legacy Pb-paint and tetraethyl Pb from gasoline showed lower reductions than other sources such as shooting ranges and smelting operations. Meta-regression identified high IVBA Pb in the control, low incubated soil pH, and high total Pb with the greater reductions in AC and RC. In order to facilitate comparisons across future remediation research, a set of minimum reported data should be included in published studies and researchers should use standardized in vitro bioaccessibility methods developed for P-treated soils. Additionally, a shared data repository should be created for soil remediation research to enhance available soil property information and better identify unique materials.
{"title":"Using phosphate amendments to reduce bioaccessible Pb in contaminated soils: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Manfred M Mayer, Nicholas T Basta, Kirk G Scheckel","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1028328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1028328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Measuring the reduction of <i>in vitro</i> bioaccessible (IVBA) Pb from the addition of phosphate amendments has been researched for more than 20 years. A range of effects have been observed from increases in IVBA Pb to almost 100% reduction. This study determined the mean change in IVBA Pb as a fraction of total Pb (AC) and relative to the IVBA Pb of the control soil (RC) with a random effects meta-analysis. Forty-four studies that investigated the ability of inorganic phosphate amendments to reduce IVBA Pb were identified through 5 databases. These studies were split into 3 groups: primary, secondary, and EPA Method 1340 based on selection criteria, with the primary group being utilized for subgroup analysis and meta-regression. The mean AC was approximately -12% and mean RC was approximately -25% for the primary and secondary groups. For the EPA Method 1340 group, the mean AC was -5% and mean RC was -8%. The results of subgroup analysis identified the phosphorous amendment applied and contamination source as having a significant effect on the AC and RC. Soluble amendments reduce bioaccessible Pb more than insoluble amendments and phosphoric acid is more effective than other phosphate amendments. Urban Pb contamination associated with legacy Pb-paint and tetraethyl Pb from gasoline showed lower reductions than other sources such as shooting ranges and smelting operations. Meta-regression identified high IVBA Pb in the control, low incubated soil pH, and high total Pb with the greater reductions in AC and RC. In order to facilitate comparisons across future remediation research, a set of minimum reported data should be included in published studies and researchers should use standardized <i>in vitro</i> bioaccessibility methods developed for P-treated soils. Additionally, a shared data repository should be created for soil remediation research to enhance available soil property information and better identify unique materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9890325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10660720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-02DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1023743
Hammond Abeka, I. Lawson, E. Nartey, T. Adjadeh, S. Asuming-Brempong, P. Bindraban, W. Atakora
The nitrates produced after mineralization from compost may be prone to leaching, especially in tropical sandy soils, because of the increased rate of nitrification and the porous nature of such soils. This may result in low nitrogen (N) use efficiency and adverse environmental effects. Inorganic nitrification inhibitors are costly and mostly unavailable in Ghana. Research on simple but effective local materials for use as nitrification inhibitors is therefore a priority. Two such materials are neem materials and biochar. Neem materials can suppress nitrifying bacteria due to their antimicrobial properties. Biochar can hold ammonium in the soil, making it temporarily unavailable to nitrifying bacteria. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of neem materials and biochar as nitrification inhibitors and their influence on nitrate leaching. In preliminary studies: 1) pot incubation was conducted for 60 days to estimate the nitrification rate with manure, compost, and NH4Cl as the N source (150 kg N/ha) in one set and neem seeds, bark, and leaves (1.25 µg azadirachtin/g) in another set, using nitrate concentrations; and 2) the ammonium sorption and desorption capacities of sawdust, rice husk, and groundnut husk biochar were determined. In the main study, pot incubation with compost as the N source but treated with milled neem seeds or bark (1.25 µg azadirachtin/g) or sawdust biochar (20 t/ha) was conducted for 60 days, in which the nitrification inhibition was determined using nitrate concentrations. A leaching experiment in columns with similar treatments and maize sown was then conducted to quantify the nitrate in leachates. A high nitrification rate was recorded in compost-amended soil, almost half that of the standard (NH4Cl). The use of sawdust biochar, which showed the highest ammonium sorption and desorption capacity, resulted in 40% nitrification inhibition that lasted the entire incubation period. The use of neem seeds with an azadirachtin concentration of 3.92 mg/g resulted in a similar nitrification inhibition, but this only lasted 40 days. Inhibition caused by both materials resulted in about a 60% reduction in nitrate leached. Thus, neem seeds (498 kg/ha) and sawdust biochar (20 mt/ha) could be used to control nitrate leaching for short-duration and long-duration crops, respectively.
堆肥矿化后产生的硝酸盐可能容易浸出，尤其是在热带沙质土壤中，因为硝化速率增加，而且这种土壤具有多孔性。这可能导致低氮（N）利用效率和不利的环境影响。无机硝化抑制剂价格昂贵，在加纳大多无法获得。因此，研究简单但有效的局部材料用作硝化抑制剂是当务之急。两种这样的材料是neem材料和生物炭。印楝材料具有抗菌性能，可以抑制硝化细菌。生物炭可以在土壤中保持铵，使硝化细菌暂时无法获得铵。本研究旨在确定印楝材料和生物炭作为硝化抑制剂的效果及其对硝酸盐浸出的影响。在初步研究中：1）使用硝酸盐浓度，在一组中以粪肥、堆肥和NH4Cl为氮源（150 kg N/ha），在另一组中使用印楝种子、树皮和叶子（1.25µg印楝素/g），进行60天的盆栽培养，以估计硝化率；2）测定了木屑、稻壳和花生壳生物炭对铵的吸附和解吸能力。在主要研究中，以堆肥为氮源，但用磨碎的印楝种子或树皮（1.25µg印楝素/g）或木屑生物炭（20t/ha）处理的盆栽培养进行了60天，其中使用硝酸盐浓度测定硝化抑制作用。然后在类似处理的柱子和播种的玉米中进行浸出实验，以量化浸出液中的硝酸盐。堆肥改良土壤的硝化速率很高，几乎是标准（NH4Cl）的一半。木屑生物炭表现出最高的铵吸附和解吸能力，可在整个培养期内抑制40%的硝化作用。使用印楝素浓度为3.92 mg/g的印楝种子产生了类似的硝化抑制作用，但这只持续了40天。由这两种材料引起的抑制导致浸出的硝酸盐减少约60%。因此，印楝种子（498公斤/公顷）和木屑生物炭（20公吨/公顷）可分别用于控制短期和长期作物的硝酸盐浸出。
{"title":"Effectiveness of neem materials and biochar as nitrification inhibitors in reducing nitrate leaching in a compost-amended Ferric Luvisol","authors":"Hammond Abeka, I. Lawson, E. Nartey, T. Adjadeh, S. Asuming-Brempong, P. Bindraban, W. Atakora","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1023743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1023743","url":null,"abstract":"The nitrates produced after mineralization from compost may be prone to leaching, especially in tropical sandy soils, because of the increased rate of nitrification and the porous nature of such soils. This may result in low nitrogen (N) use efficiency and adverse environmental effects. Inorganic nitrification inhibitors are costly and mostly unavailable in Ghana. Research on simple but effective local materials for use as nitrification inhibitors is therefore a priority. Two such materials are neem materials and biochar. Neem materials can suppress nitrifying bacteria due to their antimicrobial properties. Biochar can hold ammonium in the soil, making it temporarily unavailable to nitrifying bacteria. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of neem materials and biochar as nitrification inhibitors and their influence on nitrate leaching. In preliminary studies: 1) pot incubation was conducted for 60 days to estimate the nitrification rate with manure, compost, and NH4Cl as the N source (150 kg N/ha) in one set and neem seeds, bark, and leaves (1.25 µg azadirachtin/g) in another set, using nitrate concentrations; and 2) the ammonium sorption and desorption capacities of sawdust, rice husk, and groundnut husk biochar were determined. In the main study, pot incubation with compost as the N source but treated with milled neem seeds or bark (1.25 µg azadirachtin/g) or sawdust biochar (20 t/ha) was conducted for 60 days, in which the nitrification inhibition was determined using nitrate concentrations. A leaching experiment in columns with similar treatments and maize sown was then conducted to quantify the nitrate in leachates. A high nitrification rate was recorded in compost-amended soil, almost half that of the standard (NH4Cl). The use of sawdust biochar, which showed the highest ammonium sorption and desorption capacity, resulted in 40% nitrification inhibition that lasted the entire incubation period. The use of neem seeds with an azadirachtin concentration of 3.92 mg/g resulted in a similar nitrification inhibition, but this only lasted 40 days. Inhibition caused by both materials resulted in about a 60% reduction in nitrate leached. Thus, neem seeds (498 kg/ha) and sawdust biochar (20 mt/ha) could be used to control nitrate leaching for short-duration and long-duration crops, respectively.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43236026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-13DOI: 10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020814
Evans Asenso, Zhimin Wang, Tian Kai, Jiuhao Li, Lian Hu
The microbial population (MP) is considered to be a relatively important part of soil health, quality, and productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to access the effects of tillage and rice cultivation modes on soil MP in Stagnic Anthrosols and Lateritic Red Earth soils. The treatments were as follows: (i) MDS: land tilled twice with a moldboard plow and hill-seeding of pregerminated seeds with a direct seeding machine of four to six seeds per hill at a planting space of 25 × 15 cm, (ii) RDS: land tilled twice with a rotary tiller and hill-seeding of pregerminated seeds with a direct seeding machine of four to six seeds per hill at a planting space of 25 × 15 cm, (iii) MMT: land tilled twice with a moldboard plow and 15-day-old seedlings were mechanically transplanted with a transplanting machine at a transplanting hill of four to six seedlings and at a transplanting space of 25 × 15 cm, and (iv) RMT: land tilled twice with a rotary tiller and 15-day-old seedlings were mechanically transplanted with a transplanting machine at a transplanting hill of four to six seedlings and a transplanting space of 25 × 15 cm. The findings showed that MDS improved the MP and increases rice yield. MDS showed a high increase in MP in both locations and the rice productivity of 32.81% (1H; first harvest) and 13.91% (2H; second harvest) and 16.48% (1H) and 18.13% (2H) for Zeng-Cheng and Yi-Yang, respectively. In conclusion, MDS was found to be better in improving the MP and increasing rice yield and could be adopted as a suitable approach for improving soil health, quality, and productivity.
{"title":"Soil microbial population as affected by tillage and rice cultivation modes in Stagnic Anthrosols and Lateritic Red Earth soils in Southern China","authors":"Evans Asenso, Zhimin Wang, Tian Kai, Jiuhao Li, Lian Hu","doi":"10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoil.2022.1020814","url":null,"abstract":"The microbial population (MP) is considered to be a relatively important part of soil health, quality, and productivity. Therefore, this study aimed to access the effects of tillage and rice cultivation modes on soil MP in Stagnic Anthrosols and Lateritic Red Earth soils. The treatments were as follows: (i) MDS: land tilled twice with a moldboard plow and hill-seeding of pregerminated seeds with a direct seeding machine of four to six seeds per hill at a planting space of 25 × 15 cm, (ii) RDS: land tilled twice with a rotary tiller and hill-seeding of pregerminated seeds with a direct seeding machine of four to six seeds per hill at a planting space of 25 × 15 cm, (iii) MMT: land tilled twice with a moldboard plow and 15-day-old seedlings were mechanically transplanted with a transplanting machine at a transplanting hill of four to six seedlings and at a transplanting space of 25 × 15 cm, and (iv) RMT: land tilled twice with a rotary tiller and 15-day-old seedlings were mechanically transplanted with a transplanting machine at a transplanting hill of four to six seedlings and a transplanting space of 25 × 15 cm. The findings showed that MDS improved the MP and increases rice yield. MDS showed a high increase in MP in both locations and the rice productivity of 32.81% (1H; first harvest) and 13.91% (2H; second harvest) and 16.48% (1H) and 18.13% (2H) for Zeng-Cheng and Yi-Yang, respectively. In conclusion, MDS was found to be better in improving the MP and increasing rice yield and could be adopted as a suitable approach for improving soil health, quality, and productivity.","PeriodicalId":73107,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in soil science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43162888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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