Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020127.boisestate
Zhaofei Chen, Weidong Zuo, Hongwei Guan
Following Beijing’s winning bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, winter sports have ushered in a great development opportunity for adolescents in China. Beijing initiated the Ice and Snow Sports on Campus Program in 2016, however, one of the challenges is that the lack of quality snow sports instructors and access to ski resorts is limiting sustainable programs. Greek Peak Ski Resort, located in upstate NY, has a successful history of running snow sport educational programs that Beijing may be able to learn from. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the Ice and Snow Sports on Campus Program in Beijing with the snow sports programs at Greek Peak Ski Resort, having a goal to explore sustainable education programs for adolescents. Literature research, program reports, field observation, and interviews with program directors and experts were used in this study to assess and compare the programs in Beijing and Greek Peak Ski Resort. The findings indicated that with the Ice and Snow Sports on Campus Program initiated in 2016 by the Beijing Municipal Education Commission, about 2.1 million K-12 students’ participation counts in ice and snow sports have been recorded. In 2021, more than 200 K-12 schools with ice and snow sports specialties were certified in Beijing. A total of 60 model courses with the topic in winter sports and Olympics have been developed to improve ice and snow sports teaching. The strong and historical school skiing program at Greek Peak Ski Resort includes about 55-57 K-12 school programs and 5 college PE programs each year, with an estimated student participation count of 20,000 per year. The collaboration between Greek Peak Ski Resort and local schools/colleges/universities offers sustainable educational programs, benefitting generations of students and all parties involved and efficiently sharing resources. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics provides a rare historical opportunity for multi-level and multi-dimensional cooperation between the sports and educational departments in Beijing. With supporting policies and guidance, the strategic goal of cultivating more young people to participate in winter sports is being achieved. Education programs provide opportunities for adolescents to learn winter sports skills and promote active healthy behavior. The collaboration between local schools, colleges/universities and Greek Peak Resort can be a good solution for Beijing to resolve the critical challenge of lack of quality instructors and easy access to winter sports facilities.
{"title":"Developing Sustainable Snow Sports Education Programs for Adolescent Participation","authors":"Zhaofei Chen, Weidong Zuo, Hongwei Guan","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020127.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020127.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"Following Beijing’s winning bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, winter sports have ushered in a great development opportunity for adolescents in China. Beijing initiated the Ice and Snow Sports on Campus Program in 2016, however, one of the challenges is that the lack of quality snow sports instructors and access to ski resorts is limiting sustainable programs. Greek Peak Ski Resort, located in upstate NY, has a successful history of running snow sport educational programs that Beijing may be able to learn from. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the Ice and Snow Sports on Campus Program in Beijing with the snow sports programs at Greek Peak Ski Resort, having a goal to explore sustainable education programs for adolescents. Literature research, program reports, field observation, and interviews with program directors and experts were used in this study to assess and compare the programs in Beijing and Greek Peak Ski Resort. The findings indicated that with the Ice and Snow Sports on Campus Program initiated in 2016 by the Beijing Municipal Education Commission, about 2.1 million K-12 students’ participation counts in ice and snow sports have been recorded. In 2021, more than 200 K-12 schools with ice and snow sports specialties were certified in Beijing. A total of 60 model courses with the topic in winter sports and Olympics have been developed to improve ice and snow sports teaching. The strong and historical school skiing program at Greek Peak Ski Resort includes about 55-57 K-12 school programs and 5 college PE programs each year, with an estimated student participation count of 20,000 per year. The collaboration between Greek Peak Ski Resort and local schools/colleges/universities offers sustainable educational programs, benefitting generations of students and all parties involved and efficiently sharing resources. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics provides a rare historical opportunity for multi-level and multi-dimensional cooperation between the sports and educational departments in Beijing. With supporting policies and guidance, the strategic goal of cultivating more young people to participate in winter sports is being achieved. Education programs provide opportunities for adolescents to learn winter sports skills and promote active healthy behavior. The collaboration between local schools, colleges/universities and Greek Peak Resort can be a good solution for Beijing to resolve the critical challenge of lack of quality instructors and easy access to winter sports facilities.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46137203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020137.boisestate
Yuting Song, Cuixiang Dong, Liu Ji
As the total number and proportion of individuals with disabilities worldwide are increasing, the international community is paying more and more attention to the equal education rights of individuals with disabilities. Since the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act issued in 1975, physical education (PE) played a significant part in special education. According to the requirements of the United States federal legislation, a national certification examination system has been established and developed subsequently to better promote the development of physical education for children with disabilities. The National Consortium for Physical Education for Individuals with Disabilities (NCPEID) has formulated the Adapted Physical Education National Standards (APENS). The first version of APENS was developed in 1995 to certify adaptive sports professionals across the United States. The second edition came out in 2006. In addition, many undergraduate and graduate teacher education programs use APENS as a basis for preparatory courses. At some universities, completion of APENS has become a graduation requirement. The NCPEID reviews APENS every few years to keep it up to date, and it also reviews national tests as needed to reflect current knowledge and practice. This paper was to understand the primary contents of APENS. We found that the APENS include Human Development, Motor Behavior, Exercise Science, Measurement and Evaluation, History and Philosophy, Unique Attributes of Learners, Curriculum Theory and Development, Instructional Design and Planning, Teaching, Consultation and Staff Development, Student and Program Evaluation, Continuing Education, Ethics and Communication. These standard fields guide teachers, administrators, and families in basic knowledge, skills, and attitudes. In addition, the establishment of APENS has reference value and significance for the system construction, legal regulations, discipline construction, personnel training, peer education, community support, and other aspects of PE for individuals with disabilities in China.
{"title":"History, Development, and Enlightenment of Adapted Physical Education National Standards","authors":"Yuting Song, Cuixiang Dong, Liu Ji","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020137.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020137.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"As the total number and proportion of individuals with disabilities worldwide are increasing, the international community is paying more and more attention to the equal education rights of individuals with disabilities. Since the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act issued in 1975, physical education (PE) played a significant part in special education. According to the requirements of the United States federal legislation, a national certification examination system has been established and developed subsequently to better promote the development of physical education for children with disabilities. The National Consortium for Physical Education for Individuals with Disabilities (NCPEID) has formulated the Adapted Physical Education National Standards (APENS). The first version of APENS was developed in 1995 to certify adaptive sports professionals across the United States. The second edition came out in 2006. In addition, many undergraduate and graduate teacher education programs use APENS as a basis for preparatory courses. At some universities, completion of APENS has become a graduation requirement. The NCPEID reviews APENS every few years to keep it up to date, and it also reviews national tests as needed to reflect current knowledge and practice. This paper was to understand the primary contents of APENS. We found that the APENS include Human Development, Motor Behavior, Exercise Science, Measurement and Evaluation, History and Philosophy, Unique Attributes of Learners, Curriculum Theory and Development, Instructional Design and Planning, Teaching, Consultation and Staff Development, Student and Program Evaluation, Continuing Education, Ethics and Communication. These standard fields guide teachers, administrators, and families in basic knowledge, skills, and attitudes. In addition, the establishment of APENS has reference value and significance for the system construction, legal regulations, discipline construction, personnel training, peer education, community support, and other aspects of PE for individuals with disabilities in China.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47876770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is 7.25% in China. The main symptoms are attention deficit laxation, behavior impulsivity, social disorder and so on. Children aged 3-6 are in the golden age of social ability development. Therefore, if ADHD children at this age do not get correct and effective interventions, it will have a far-reaching impact on their social ability. In order to explore new intervention measures for ADHD children and improve their social ability, this study will intervene ADHD children through sports intervention, so as to provide theoretical and experimental basis for improving their social ability. A total of 12 hyperactivity prone children aged 3-6 years were recruited in this study. The subjects were intervened through engaging in KDL sports game, parent-child homework and parent-child carnival for four months. We used Achenbach children's behavior scale (CBCL) to evaluate children's social ability from activity ability, social ability and learning. In order to reduce the experimental error, before using the CBCL scale, the researchers have been trained in learning and understanding the specific rules and scoring methods of the CBCL scale to ensure that evaluated data have good reliability and validity. After data collection, SPSS 23.0 was used to conduct statistical analysis on the data. The results showed that after the intervention, the ADHD children significantly improved their social ability from the baseline to the post-test (Tsocial = -1.39, psocial = 0.01 < 0.05). However, the results showed that there was no significant difference in children's activity ability and learning over time (Tactivity = 0.42, pactivity = 0.533 > 0.05; Tlearning = -0.12, plearning = 0.756 > 0.05). Exercise intervention can effectively improve the social ability of ADHD children, which is more harmonious with their peers and more able to communicate with their families. We suggest to carry out exercise intervention for more children with ADHD and to integrate behavioral therapy with multi-directional intervention.
{"title":"Effect of Exercise Intervention on Social Ability of ADHD Children","authors":"Haoye Shen, Xiaozan Wang, Meiyuan Chen, Xizhe Bai, Xinyue Mao, Hao Li, Yiang Yuan","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020105.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020105.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is 7.25% in China. The main symptoms are attention \u0000 deficit laxation, behavior impulsivity, social disorder and so on. Children aged 3-6 are in the golden age of social ability \u0000 development. Therefore, if ADHD children at this age do not get correct and effective interventions, it will have a far-reaching \u0000 impact on their social ability. In order to explore new intervention measures for ADHD children and improve their social ability, \u0000 this study will intervene ADHD children through sports intervention, so as to provide theoretical and experimental basis for \u0000 improving their social ability. A total of 12 hyperactivity prone children aged 3-6 years were recruited in this study. The \u0000 subjects were intervened through engaging in KDL sports game, parent-child homework and parent-child carnival for four months. \u0000 We used Achenbach children's behavior scale (CBCL) to evaluate children's social ability from activity ability, social ability \u0000 and learning. In order to reduce the experimental error, before using the CBCL scale, the researchers have been trained in \u0000 learning and understanding the specific rules and scoring methods of the CBCL scale to ensure that evaluated data have good \u0000 reliability and validity. After data collection, SPSS 23.0 was used to conduct statistical analysis on the data. The results \u0000 showed that after the intervention, the ADHD children significantly improved their social ability from the baseline to the \u0000 post-test (Tsocial = -1.39, psocial = 0.01 < 0.05). However, the results showed that there was no \u0000 significant difference in children's activity ability and learning over time (Tactivity = 0.42, \u0000 pactivity = 0.533 > 0.05; Tlearning = -0.12, plearning = 0.756 > 0.05). Exercise \u0000 intervention can effectively improve the social ability of ADHD children, which is more harmonious with their peers and \u0000 more able to communicate with their families. We suggest to carry out exercise intervention for more children with ADHD \u0000 and to integrate behavioral therapy with multi-directional intervention.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49143635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020130.boisestate
BingBing Zhong, Haichun Sun, Jun Yan
The Outline of Healthy China 2030 Plan clearly proposed to develop youth and adolescent physical health intervention plan. School physical education/sports not only plays a major role in promoting a physically active lifestyle among school students, it can also make a significant contribution to the Healthy China 2030 Plan. Previous research has indicated school sport psychology as an important area to provide quality physical education programs. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the research progress and trend of school sport psychology to inform future research practice and identify effective strategies for physical activity participation. All relevant literature on school physical education psychology from 2000 to 2021 were collected from CNKI and WOS databases, a total of 4347 papers were collected. To ensure the accuracy of the research, the inconsistent literature was manually eliminated, and 1642 effective journal papers were finally selected. CiteSpace 5.7.R4 software was used for scientific measurement and visualization analysis. The results suggest that the studies conducted in China mainly focus on higher education with college students as related to exercise/physical activity and mental health, while other countries attempt to develop exploration, validation, and intervention studies among children and adolescents to promote physical activity from psychological perspectives. The results also indicates that interdisciplinary research with sophisticated methodology has become popular in the field of school sport psychology. Meanwhile, the research focuses on the application function, physical education practice, and other aspects. The research frontier mainly manifested in “academic,” “performance,” “psychological capital,” “regression analysis,” “mediating effect,” “Physical Education of Fit Index,” “Intervention,” and related research. Research studies guided by the theoretical frameworks of psychology in physical education have revealed the relationship between psychological constructs and student learning as well as physical activity participation. The results have built a solid foundation for future research. Intervention studies can be conducted from different aspects using effective strategies identified in previous research. To better understand student adaptive behavior with respect to learning and physical activity, a mixed method research design is also recommended for future studies.
{"title":"Research Progress and Trend of School Sport Psychology","authors":"BingBing Zhong, Haichun Sun, Jun Yan","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020130.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020130.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"The Outline of Healthy China 2030 Plan clearly proposed to develop youth and adolescent physical health intervention plan. School physical education/sports not only plays a major role in promoting a physically active lifestyle among school students, it can also make a significant contribution to the Healthy China 2030 Plan. Previous research has indicated school sport psychology as an important area to provide quality physical education programs. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the research progress and trend of school sport psychology to inform future research practice and identify effective strategies for physical activity participation. All relevant literature on school physical education psychology from 2000 to 2021 were collected from CNKI and WOS databases, a total of 4347 papers were collected. To ensure the accuracy of the research, the inconsistent literature was manually eliminated, and 1642 effective journal papers were finally selected. CiteSpace 5.7.R4 software was used for scientific measurement and visualization analysis. The results suggest that the studies conducted in China mainly focus on higher education with college students as related to exercise/physical activity and mental health, while other countries attempt to develop exploration, validation, and intervention studies among children and adolescents to promote physical activity from psychological perspectives. The results also indicates that interdisciplinary research with sophisticated methodology has become popular in the field of school sport psychology. Meanwhile, the research focuses on the application function, physical education practice, and other aspects. The research frontier mainly manifested in “academic,” “performance,” “psychological capital,” “regression analysis,” “mediating effect,” “Physical Education of Fit Index,” “Intervention,” and related research. Research studies guided by the theoretical frameworks of psychology in physical education have revealed the relationship between psychological constructs and student learning as well as physical activity participation. The results have built a solid foundation for future research. Intervention studies can be conducted from different aspects using effective strategies identified in previous research. To better understand student adaptive behavior with respect to learning and physical activity, a mixed method research design is also recommended for future studies.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45198247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020123.boisestate
Liting Pang, Qinghua Gou, Zhanchen Ye, Jilong Yang
In China, graduate students are facing heavy pressure from study, work and life. In order to change this situation, many colleges and universities have set up PE elective courses, but the proportion of elective courses is generally low, and the health status of students has not been fundamentally improved. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation and motivation of Postgraduates' physical exercise, and explore ways to attract more postgraduates to participate in physical exercise and promote their health. The study mainly adopts the methods of experiment and questionnaire. Two classes of students who chose PE elective courses are selected as the experimental objects. Students in Experimental class were given motivation stimulation, while another class were not. Sports stimulation includes combing family health history, inculcating the role through cases, monitoring students' physique, etc. The two classes had same exercise time (once a week, 90 minutes each time), same exercise method (intermittent cycle training for 16 weeks). In addition, this study uses Professor Chen Shanping's sports motivation scale to conduct a questionnaire survey on the graduate students participating in the experiment. Pearson analysis method in SPSS software was conducted to analyze the correlation between sports motivation and sports behavior. The students in the experimental class exercise better after class than those in the control class. Girls' physical and social motivation of physical exercise is much higher than boys, while boys' ability and motivation of physical exercise are significantly higher than boys. Different physical exercise motives have significant effects on physical exercise methods and physical exercise frequency. It is concluded that motivation stimulation is conducive to the formation of exercise behavior and there is a positive correlation between physical exercise motivation and physical exercise behavior.
{"title":"Research on Postgraduates’ Physical Exercise Behavior and Motivation","authors":"Liting Pang, Qinghua Gou, Zhanchen Ye, Jilong Yang","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020123.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020123.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"In China, graduate students are facing heavy pressure from study, work and life. In order to change this situation, many colleges and universities have set up PE elective courses, but the proportion of elective courses is generally low, and the health status of students has not been fundamentally improved. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation and motivation of Postgraduates' physical exercise, and explore ways to attract more postgraduates to participate in physical exercise and promote their health. The study mainly adopts the methods of experiment and questionnaire. Two classes of students who chose PE elective courses are selected as the experimental objects. Students in Experimental class were given motivation stimulation, while another class were not. Sports stimulation includes combing family health history, inculcating the role through cases, monitoring students' physique, etc. The two classes had same exercise time (once a week, 90 minutes each time), same exercise method (intermittent cycle training for 16 weeks). In addition, this study uses Professor Chen Shanping's sports motivation scale to conduct a questionnaire survey on the graduate students participating in the experiment. Pearson analysis method in SPSS software was conducted to analyze the correlation between sports motivation and sports behavior. The students in the experimental class exercise better after class than those in the control class. Girls' physical and social motivation of physical exercise is much higher than boys, while boys' ability and motivation of physical exercise are significantly higher than boys. Different physical exercise motives have significant effects on physical exercise methods and physical exercise frequency. It is concluded that motivation stimulation is conducive to the formation of exercise behavior and there is a positive correlation between physical exercise motivation and physical exercise behavior.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42456496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 2017, the Ministry of Education has taken the lead in establishing the 'Starry Star' pilot training camp. As a leading city of school football campaign/activity, Zhengzhou City takes up heavy responsibility of continuously promoting the rapid development of school football in Henan Province. This paper adopts such methodologies such as literature, fieldwork, mathematical statistics and logical analysis to identify the weaknesses in the current phase of construction and to make reasonable recommendations according to policies and the actual situation for pointing out the direction for the future development. In terms of organizational leadership, all relevant policies and documents are well-developed reflecting the high degree of importance attached to each training camp, but very few of them have omissions in the development of the system of admissions and training management regulations. In terms of condition guarantee, three aspects are prominent, including the treatment of coaches (calculation of hours), the size of the training grounds at each training site not meeting the requirements of the camps' participation groups (due to limited size of the campus), and the lack of implementation of supporting funds (in the surrounding counties). In terms of competition and training, all schools lost points to varying degrees in the various detailed assessment indicators of the survey and assessment such as inappropriate teaching attitude of the teaching staff, unsystematic training syllabus, unfinished work arrangements for two tournaments and one practice and insufficient attention to the campers' performance in cultural subjects. In terms of reserve training and training participation rate, nearly 30% of the camps failed to send outstanding athletes to higher level schools; half of the camps failed to ensure over 90% attendance of campers. It is suggested that relevant authorities should in future give standardized and clear policies regarding admissions and other related systems. Further, the authorities should clarify the way of coaches' salary and title appraisal, focus on the implementation of matching funds for training camps, and gradually adjust the correspondence between matching camper groups and camp site conditions. As the main task of the Starry Star training camps, more attention should be placed in future work, improving policies, seriously correcting and dealing with various situations that affect the quality of race training in each camp. The authorities should optimize the way of supplying outstanding athletes, and at the same time strengthen regular inspections and random checks for the attendance, putting equal emphasis on training quality and participation.
{"title":"An Analysis of the Construction and Development of ‘Starry Star’ Training Camp in Zhengzhou City","authors":"Zhaoxin Ma, Ling Niu, Xinyue Kong, Yong-xin Chang, Zhiying Guo","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020118.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020118.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2017, the Ministry of Education has taken the lead in establishing the 'Starry Star' pilot training camp. As a leading city of school football campaign/activity, Zhengzhou City takes up heavy responsibility of continuously promoting the rapid development of school football in Henan Province. This paper adopts such methodologies such as literature, fieldwork, mathematical statistics and logical analysis to identify the weaknesses in the current phase of construction and to make reasonable recommendations according to policies and the actual situation for pointing out the direction for the future development. In terms of organizational leadership, all relevant policies and documents are well-developed reflecting the high degree of importance attached to each training camp, but very few of them have omissions in the development of the system of admissions and training management regulations. In terms of condition guarantee, three aspects are prominent, including the treatment of coaches (calculation of hours), the size of the training grounds at each training site not meeting the requirements of the camps' participation groups (due to limited size of the campus), and the lack of implementation of supporting funds (in the surrounding counties). In terms of competition and training, all schools lost points to varying degrees in the various detailed assessment indicators of the survey and assessment such as inappropriate teaching attitude of the teaching staff, unsystematic training syllabus, unfinished work arrangements for two tournaments and one practice and insufficient attention to the campers' performance in cultural subjects. In terms of reserve training and training participation rate, nearly 30% of the camps failed to send outstanding athletes to higher level schools; half of the camps failed to ensure over 90% attendance of campers. It is suggested that relevant authorities should in future give standardized and clear policies regarding admissions and other related systems. Further, the authorities should clarify the way of coaches' salary and title appraisal, focus on the implementation of matching funds for training camps, and gradually adjust the correspondence between matching camper groups and camp site conditions. As the main task of the Starry Star training camps, more attention should be placed in future work, improving policies, seriously correcting and dealing with various situations that affect the quality of race training in each camp. The authorities should optimize the way of supplying outstanding athletes, and at the same time strengthen regular inspections and random checks for the attendance, putting equal emphasis on training quality and participation.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44775362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020132.boisestate
Yue Xu, Chenyu Jia
Homework in physical education (PE) has become a central strategy of educational reform movements (Novak & Lynott, 2015). A Chinese policy called “the Double Reduction” provides an opportunity for the implementation of PE homework. There are abundant studies about homework in subjects like English, Math, Science, etc., but relatively few studies have been devoted specifically to PE homework. The primary purpose of this study was to analyze the value and dilemma of PE homework, with the goal of identifying the major contributions to the research knowledge base. We followed three parts to conduct the review: a) literature was searched using the following keywords: “PE homework”, OR “active homework”, AND “the value and dilemma”, AND/OR “homework in physical education” or “activity-based homework”; b) A document analysis was conducted regarding the Chinese policy related to homework in PE, including homework’s guidelines, composition system, and cultivation path, etc.; c) A total of 34 highly relevant articles were selected. The main value and dilemma of PE homework were summarized as follows: a) The PE homework appears to be an effective way of promoting policy implementation and renewal, providing a well-rounded approach to help students achieve educational goal, improving youth physical & mental health, and increasing communications with family members. b) The current PE homework has failed to realize the foregoing values due to some difficulties, including the lack of family exercise atmosphere, the absence of community organizations, and the huge amount of negative news in social media. c) Only three studies provided coping strategies to deal with the dilemma from a Social System Theory perspective, such as strengthening institutional construction, building a multivariate framework, shaping the paradigm, integrating online platform, and developing an assessment system. Most studies focused on the micro level about “the value and dilemma of homework implementation” without consideration of the other key factors from macro level. Based on the literature reviewed, a comprehensive theoretical model for PE homework is proposed to provide guidance for future research endeavors and facilitate implementation of the guidelines.
{"title":"A Review of Research on the Potential Value and Realistic Dilemma for Homework in Physical Education","authors":"Yue Xu, Chenyu Jia","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020132.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020132.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"Homework in physical education (PE) has become a central strategy of educational reform movements (Novak & Lynott, 2015). A Chinese \u0000 policy called “the Double Reduction” provides an opportunity for the implementation of PE homework. There are abundant studies about \u0000 homework in subjects like English, Math, Science, etc., but relatively few studies have been devoted specifically to PE homework. \u0000 The primary purpose of this study was to analyze the value and dilemma of PE homework, with the goal of identifying the major \u0000 contributions to the research knowledge base. We followed three parts to conduct the review: a) literature was searched using \u0000 the following keywords: “PE homework”, OR “active homework”, AND “the value and dilemma”, AND/OR “homework in physical education” \u0000 or “activity-based homework”; b) A document analysis was conducted regarding the Chinese policy related to homework in PE, \u0000 including homework’s guidelines, composition system, and cultivation path, etc.; c) A total of 34 highly relevant articles \u0000 were selected. The main value and dilemma of PE homework were summarized as follows: a) The PE homework appears to be an \u0000 effective way of promoting policy implementation and renewal, providing a well-rounded approach to help students achieve \u0000 educational goal, improving youth physical & mental health, and increasing communications with family members. b) The current \u0000 PE homework has failed to realize the foregoing values due to some difficulties, including the lack of family exercise \u0000 atmosphere, the absence of community organizations, and the huge amount of negative news in social media. c) Only three \u0000 studies provided coping strategies to deal with the dilemma from a Social System Theory perspective, such as strengthening \u0000 institutional construction, building a multivariate framework, shaping the paradigm, integrating online platform, and developing an assessment system. Most studies focused on the micro level about “the value and dilemma of homework implementation” without consideration of the other key factors from macro level. Based on the literature reviewed, a comprehensive theoretical model for PE homework is proposed to provide guidance for future research endeavors and facilitate implementation of the guidelines.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43517949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020112.boisestate
Hongye Li
Firefighters are often exposed to traumatic events such as high temperatures, heavy fumes, and toxic gases during rescue services. The challenges require firefighters to have a higher level of physical performance compared to a typical person. In urbanized settings, weight-bearing staging is a necessary skill for firefighters. Currently, research has found a positive correlation between firefighter body composition and occupational activity performance. This study aims to examine effects of body composition on the weight-bearing staging performance of firefighters, providing guidance for firefighters' daily training routines. Participants were 47 male firefighters in Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province (age: 25.2 ± 3.9; height: 169.8 ± 5.1cm; 68.9 ± 8.0kg; 24.2 ± 2.4kg / m2). Load climbing tests were organized by the fire rescue brigade in Yangjiang City. The tested wore a full set of fire protective clothing, carried a positive pressure air respirator and carried two water belts (with a total load of 30kg), climb to a 10-story building and record the test completion time by manual timing. For body compositions, body weight, body fat, skeletal muscle content and lean weight were measured by machine with the help of Inbody 360 body composition tester. Linear and PLS regressions were used for data analysis. In the Gray's association degree analysis, the association degree of the weight indicators was ranked first, meaning that weight had the strongest association with weight-bearing indoor performance. In linear regression analysis, the model equation was derived as follows: weight-bearing floor performance (s) = 16.20 + 0.9056 * weight (kg), and the R-square of the model was 0.1927, implying that body weight could explain 19.27% of the variance in weight-bearing floor performance. An F-test of the linear model yielded F = 10.74, P < 0.05. In the PLS regression analysis, the principal component of 1 was the optimal number of extractions from the projection importance index VIP value, and the final result was that the regression of weight and body fat on weight-bearing dengue performance had a significant effect. Based on the results, the highest association emerged between weight and weight-bearing performance; weight had a significant effect on the weight-bearing performance, with greater weight-bearing sitting time; weight and body fat had significant effects on weight-bearing staging performance. To maintain adequate occupational mobility, firefighters are recommended to manage body composition through aerobic endurance and strength training.
{"title":"Effects of Body Composition on Weight-Bearing Staging in Firefighters","authors":"Hongye Li","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020112.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020112.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"Firefighters are often exposed to traumatic events such as high temperatures, heavy fumes, and toxic gases during rescue services. \u0000 The challenges require firefighters to have a higher level of physical performance compared to a typical person. In urbanized settings, \u0000 weight-bearing staging is a necessary skill for firefighters. Currently, research has found a positive correlation between firefighter \u0000 body composition and occupational activity performance. This study aims to examine effects of body composition on the weight-bearing \u0000 staging performance of firefighters, providing guidance for firefighters' daily training routines. Participants were 47 male firefighters \u0000 in Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province (age: 25.2 ± 3.9; height: 169.8 ± 5.1cm; 68.9 ± 8.0kg; 24.2 ± 2.4kg / m2). Load climbing tests were \u0000 organized by the fire rescue brigade in Yangjiang City. The tested wore a full set of fire protective clothing, carried a positive pressure \u0000 air respirator and carried two water belts (with a total load of 30kg), climb to a 10-story building and record the test completion time \u0000 by manual timing. For body compositions, body weight, body fat, skeletal muscle content and lean weight were measured by machine with the \u0000 help of Inbody 360 body composition tester. Linear and PLS regressions were used for data analysis. In the Gray's association degree \u0000 analysis, the association degree of the weight indicators was ranked first, meaning that weight had the strongest association with \u0000 weight-bearing indoor performance. In linear regression analysis, the model equation was derived as follows: weight-bearing floor \u0000 performance (s) = 16.20 + 0.9056 * weight (kg), and the R-square of the model was 0.1927, implying that body weight could explain \u0000 19.27% of the variance in weight-bearing floor performance. An F-test of the linear model yielded F = 10.74, P < 0.05. In the PLS \u0000 regression analysis, the principal component of 1 was the optimal number of extractions from the projection importance index VIP value, \u0000 and the final result was that the regression of weight and body fat on weight-bearing dengue performance had a significant effect. \u0000 Based on the results, the highest association emerged between weight and weight-bearing performance; weight had a significant \u0000 effect on the weight-bearing performance, with greater weight-bearing sitting time; weight and body fat had significant effects on \u0000 weight-bearing staging performance. To maintain adequate occupational mobility, firefighters are recommended to manage body \u0000 composition through aerobic endurance and strength training.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48326123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020136.boisestate
Xueling. Pang, Z. Zhang
There are great differences in skill levels among students in the class. It should be the focus of our work to improve students to the greatest extent through teaching, gradually narrow the gap between individuals, and improve the overall teaching quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the teaching mode of cooperation and competition. The research group conducted two rounds of teaching experiments in Harbin Engineering University. The first round of experiments adopted an equal group pre-test and post-test experimental design. Solomon’s four group design was used in the second round of experiment. The whole experimental process was standardized and rigorous to avoid Hawthorne effect. Teachers organized teaching according to the experimental scheme and steps of cooperative and competitive teaching mode. Two rounds of teaching experiments were followed with a previously validated internal motivation survey. After the first round of experiment, a questionnaire was conducted on the students of two classes. In the second round of experiment, an experimental class and a control class were investigated in the middle of the experiment. After the experiment, a questionnaire was conducted in the other two classes. The independent sample t-test results shows that the scores of the experimental class were significantly higher than those of the control class (P values were less than 0.05). The level of internal motivation in the experimental class was significantly higher than that in the control class (P values were less than 0.05). The effect of cooperative and competitive teaching mode is better than that of conventional teaching mode, and it is conducive to mobilize students’ internal motivation, promote students’ autonomous learning, and cultivate students’ interest and hobby in sports. By using the methods of group mutual aid learning and group competition, students would improve their skill level through the joint efforts with peers and promote the development of their awareness of cooperation and competition.
{"title":"Experimental Research on the Teaching Mode of Cooperation and Competition in Physical Education","authors":"Xueling. Pang, Z. Zhang","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020136.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020136.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"There are great differences in skill levels among students in the class. It should be the focus of our work to improve students to the greatest extent through teaching, gradually narrow the gap between individuals, and improve the overall teaching quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the teaching mode of cooperation and competition. The research group conducted two rounds of teaching experiments in Harbin Engineering University. The first round of experiments adopted an equal group pre-test and post-test experimental design. Solomon’s four group design was used in the second round of experiment. The whole experimental process was standardized and rigorous to avoid Hawthorne effect. Teachers organized teaching according to the experimental scheme and steps of cooperative and competitive teaching mode. Two rounds of teaching experiments were followed with a previously validated internal motivation survey. After the first round of experiment, a questionnaire was conducted on the students of two classes. In the second round of experiment, an experimental class and a control class were investigated in the middle of the experiment. After the experiment, a questionnaire was conducted in the other two classes. The independent sample t-test results shows that the scores of the experimental class were significantly higher than those of the control class (P values were less than 0.05). The level of internal motivation in the experimental class was significantly higher than that in the control class (P values were less than 0.05). The effect of cooperative and competitive teaching mode is better than that of conventional teaching mode, and it is conducive to mobilize students’ internal motivation, promote students’ autonomous learning, and cultivate students’ interest and hobby in sports. By using the methods of group mutual aid learning and group competition, students would improve their skill level through the joint efforts with peers and promote the development of their awareness of cooperation and competition.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48895457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020120.boisestate
Jiachen Lu, Xue Zhang, Yaohui He
The stage of 3-6 years old is a critical period for the development of children's gross motor skills, influencing their growth and development. Intergenerational parenting is a common way of family education in China. Studies have shown that the rough intergenerational parenting concept and limited energy of the elderly reduce the quality of life of the children under care (Qimeng Jiang, Nan Zhou, 2020). However, no research focused on the influence of intergenerational parenting on gross motor skills. This study aimed to explore the influence of different intergenerational parenting style on gross motor skills among children aged 3-6 years old. The participants were 62 children (25 boys and 37 girls) aged 3-6 years old from Liaoning Province. All of the participants were under intergenerational parenting. Gross motor skills were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3), which includes locomotor skills and ball skills components. The intergenerational parenting status was divided into parent-dominated intergenerational parenting and grandparent-dominated intergenerational parenting according to a questionnaire (Lu Ye, 2020). The parenting style included authoritative, authoritarian and tolerant styles. The scores of three styles were determined by the grandparents-reported Chinese version of Parental Authority Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test and Pearson correlation were employed and the significant levels were set at 0.05. The results showed that participants had lower mean scores in both locomotor skills (Mboy = 12.58±4.42, Mgirl =13.51 ±3.03) and ball skills (Mboy = 8.46±2.9, Mgirl = 8.04±3.34) compared to the Chinese norm. There was no significant difference between parent-dominated and grandparent-dominated intergenerational parenting (M Parent-dominated =22.90±4.15, M grandparent-dominated = 20.48±4.47; t = 1.269, p = 0.209). Correlation analysis indicated a small association between the score of locomotor skills and authoritative style (r = 0.269, p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between other parenting styles and the scores of TGMD-3. It is concluded that intergenerational parenting may negatively influence children’s gross motor development. Parent-dominated and grandparent-dominated intergenerational parenting may not have differences in children’s motor development. The authoritative parenting style of intergenerational education has certain impacts on children's gross motor skills, especially on children's locomotor skills.
{"title":"Influence of Intergenerational Parenting on Gross Motor Skills Among Children Aged 3-6 Years Old","authors":"Jiachen Lu, Xue Zhang, Yaohui He","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020120.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020120.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"The stage of 3-6 years old is a critical period for the development of children's gross motor skills, influencing their growth and \u0000 development. Intergenerational parenting is a common way of family education in China. Studies have shown that the rough \u0000 intergenerational parenting concept and limited energy of the elderly reduce the quality of life of the children under care (Qimeng \u0000 Jiang, Nan Zhou, 2020). However, no research focused on the influence of intergenerational parenting on gross motor skills. This \u0000 study aimed to explore the influence of different intergenerational parenting style on gross motor skills among children aged 3-6 \u0000 years old. The participants were 62 children (25 boys and 37 girls) aged 3-6 years old from Liaoning Province. All of the participants \u0000 were under intergenerational parenting. Gross motor skills were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition \u0000 (TGMD-3), which includes locomotor skills and ball skills components. The intergenerational parenting status was divided into \u0000 parent-dominated intergenerational parenting and grandparent-dominated intergenerational parenting according to a questionnaire \u0000 (Lu Ye, 2020). The parenting style included authoritative, authoritarian and tolerant styles. The scores of three styles were \u0000 determined by the grandparents-reported Chinese version of Parental Authority Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, independent \u0000 t-test and Pearson correlation were employed and the significant levels were set at 0.05. The results showed that participants had \u0000 lower mean scores in both locomotor skills (Mboy = 12.58±4.42, Mgirl =13.51 ±3.03) and ball \u0000 skills (Mboy = 8.46±2.9, Mgirl = 8.04±3.34) compared to the Chinese norm. There was no significant \u0000 difference between parent-dominated and grandparent-dominated intergenerational parenting (M Parent-dominated =22.90±4.15, \u0000 M grandparent-dominated = 20.48±4.47; t = 1.269, p = 0.209). Correlation analysis indicated a small association \u0000 between the score of locomotor skills and authoritative style (r = 0.269, p < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between \u0000 other parenting styles and the scores of TGMD-3. It is concluded that intergenerational parenting may negatively influence children’s \u0000 gross motor development. Parent-dominated and grandparent-dominated intergenerational parenting may not have differences in children’s motor development. The authoritative parenting style of intergenerational education has certain impacts on children's gross motor skills, especially on children's locomotor skills.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41644884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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