Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020131.boisestate
T. Xiao, YongKang Lu
After the COVID-19 epidemic broke out around the world, large-scale home isolations have restricted the activities of ordinary residents. Therefore, online activities have become more frequent and online fitness have ushered in a new round of large-scale rise. The concept of national fitness has gradually rooted in the hearts of the people. The 14th five-year Plan of the people's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development and the outline of long-term goals for 2035 further make it clear that it is necessary to create new advantages in the digital economy and promote the digital transformation of the industry. Under the background of the epidemic, the online fitness industry promotes the digital transformation of China's sports industry and provides new ideas and directions for it. Combined with the current social background, this study was to expound the development status of online fitness in the post-epidemic era and put forward prospects and suggestions for the future development of online fitness. This study took the global online fitness market as the research object and mainly used the literature method and data analysis method with two main purposes: (1) Investigating the current status of online fitness development and relevant national policies on national fitness and the promotion of industrial digital transformation through online literature platforms such as CNKI and Wanfang platform and online news platforms such as Xinhuanet, and serve as the research background of this article . (2) Collecting relevant second-hand data from the global online fitness market through online database platforms such as the Sports Information Network and the China Economic and Social Big Data Research Platform and analyzing relevant data on the online fitness market before and after the outbreak of the new crown epidemic. The findings showed the necessity of digital transformation in the sports industry. The vigorous development of emerging digital industries such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing has brought human society into a new era of digitalization. In the context of digitalization, the digital transformation of all walks of life has become an inevitable trend for the survival and development of the industry. In 2020, the global digital economy will reach US$32.6 trillion, a nominal year-on-year increase of 3.0%, accounting for 43.7% of GDP. Industrial digitization occupies an absolute dominant position in the development of the global digital economy, accounting for 84.4% of the scale of the digital economy. Therefore, if the sports industry wants to develop and innovate, it must embark on the road of digital transformation. Secondly, the proportion of the fitness industry in the sports industry is increasing. With the support of technology, online fitness has emerged. Since the State Council promulgated the Outline of the National Fitness Program in 1995, the concept of National Fitness has gradually c
{"title":"The Present Situation and Future Prospect of Online Fitness in the Post-Epidemic Era","authors":"T. Xiao, YongKang Lu","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020131.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020131.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"After the COVID-19 epidemic broke out around the world, large-scale home isolations have restricted the activities of ordinary residents. Therefore, online activities have become more frequent and online fitness have ushered in a new round of large-scale rise. The concept of national fitness has gradually rooted in the hearts of the people. The 14th five-year Plan of the people's Republic of China for National Economic and Social Development and the outline of long-term goals for 2035 further make it clear that it is necessary to create new advantages in the digital economy and promote the digital transformation of the industry. Under the background of the epidemic, the online fitness industry promotes the digital transformation of China's sports industry and provides new ideas and directions for it. Combined with the current social background, this study was to expound the development status of online fitness in the post-epidemic era and put forward prospects and suggestions for the future development of online fitness. This study took the global online fitness market as the research object and mainly used the literature method and data analysis method with two main purposes: (1) Investigating the current status of online fitness development and relevant national policies on national fitness and the promotion of industrial digital transformation through online literature platforms such as CNKI and Wanfang platform and online news platforms such as Xinhuanet, and serve as the research background of this article . (2) Collecting relevant second-hand data from the global online fitness market through online database platforms such as the Sports Information Network and the China Economic and Social Big Data Research Platform and analyzing relevant data on the online fitness market before and after the outbreak of the new crown epidemic. The findings showed the necessity of digital transformation in the sports industry. The vigorous development of emerging digital industries such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing has brought human society into a new era of digitalization. In the context of digitalization, the digital transformation of all walks of life has become an inevitable trend for the survival and development of the industry. In 2020, the global digital economy will reach US$32.6 trillion, a nominal year-on-year increase of 3.0%, accounting for 43.7% of GDP. Industrial digitization occupies an absolute dominant position in the development of the global digital economy, accounting for 84.4% of the scale of the digital economy. Therefore, if the sports industry wants to develop and innovate, it must embark on the road of digital transformation. Secondly, the proportion of the fitness industry in the sports industry is increasing. With the support of technology, online fitness has emerged. Since the State Council promulgated the Outline of the National Fitness Program in 1995, the concept of National Fitness has gradually c","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49083927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020138.boisestate
Zongyu Liu, Xiuhan Zhao
The issue of mental health among college students is concerning during COVID-19 outbreak. Since engineering college students are vulnerable to mental health issues, the objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the relationship between physical activity, parental psychological control, basic psychological needs, anxiety, and mental health in Chinese engineering college students during COVID-19 pandemic; and (2) to examine the mediation effect of anxiety between the relationship of basic psychological needs and mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted among several universities in Shandong Province, China. We randomly selected 254 Chinese engineering college students. Participants completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG-S), Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Kessler 10 (K10) scale. The mediation model was conducted to assess the mediation effect of anxiety between the relationship of basic psychological needs and mental health. Among 254 Chinese college students majoring in engineering, their mental health was in the mid-level range. Besides, physical activity and basic psychological needs is positively correlated with mental health, respectively, while parental psychological control is not correlated with mental health. Anxiety is negatively associated with mental health. Mediation analysis revealed that anxiety played a mediation role in the relationship between basic psychological needs and mental health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationships between physical activity, parental psychological control, basic psychological needs, anxiety, and mental health in Chinese engineering college students during COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health of Chinese engineering college students deserves extensive attention during COVID-19 pandemic. In the current study, we found that physical activity, basic psychological need was positively associated with mental health, while anxiety was negatively correlated to mental health. Besides, anxiety played a mediation effect in the relationship between basic psychological needs and mental health. Government or educators can guide and help meet students’ basic psychological needs and promote physical activity participation, thus reducing their anxiety level and improving their mental health.
{"title":"Relationship Between Physical Activity and Mental Health in Chinese Engineering College Students During COVID-19","authors":"Zongyu Liu, Xiuhan Zhao","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020138.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020138.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of mental health among college students is concerning during COVID-19 outbreak. Since engineering college students are vulnerable to mental health issues, the objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the relationship between physical activity, parental psychological control, basic psychological needs, anxiety, and mental health in Chinese engineering college students during COVID-19 pandemic; and (2) to examine the mediation effect of anxiety between the relationship of basic psychological needs and mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted among several universities in Shandong Province, China. We randomly selected 254 Chinese engineering college students. Participants completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG-S), Parental Psychological Control Questionnaire, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Kessler 10 (K10) scale. The mediation model was conducted to assess the mediation effect of anxiety between the relationship of basic psychological needs and mental health. Among 254 Chinese college students majoring in engineering, their mental health was in the mid-level range. Besides, physical activity and basic psychological needs is positively correlated with mental health, respectively, while parental psychological control is not correlated with mental health. Anxiety is negatively associated with mental health. Mediation analysis revealed that anxiety played a mediation role in the relationship between basic psychological needs and mental health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the relationships between physical activity, parental psychological control, basic psychological needs, anxiety, and mental health in Chinese engineering college students during COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health of Chinese engineering college students deserves extensive attention during COVID-19 pandemic. In the current study, we found that physical activity, basic psychological need was positively associated with mental health, while anxiety was negatively correlated to mental health. Besides, anxiety played a mediation effect in the relationship between basic psychological needs and mental health. Government or educators can guide and help meet students’ basic psychological needs and promote physical activity participation, thus reducing their anxiety level and improving their mental health.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49546409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020134.boisestate
Jinlong Xie, Yilan Li
The effect of high intensity interval training on children’s health is the focus of experts and scholars worldwide. After the outline of “Building a Strong Country in Sports” was issued in 2019, China’s attention to sports has reached a peak. However, the proportion of obese or myopic children in schools at all levels is still high, and the problem of low physical fitness of Chinese students is still serious. The purpose of this study was to review previous studies to explore the effects of high intensity interval training on children’s health and physical fitness. We reviewed relevant literature both in Chinese and English, sorted out and summarized the research results. We found that high intensity interval training has a positive impact on children’s health and physical fitness, can significantly improve children’s muscle strength and cardiopulmonary endurance, and can effectively reduce fat mass in overweight and obese children. Meanwhile, the high intensity interval training has higher training pleasure. Therefore, high intensity interval training can be used as an effective exercise method for children. It is suggested to handle the relationship scientifically and reasonably among individual differences, training time, and training intensity. We should pay attention to the group training workload for overweight and obese children, adopt the principle of gradual improvement, and gradually improve the ability and health level of overweight and obese children.
{"title":"Effects of High Intensity Interval Training on Children’s Health and Physical Fitness","authors":"Jinlong Xie, Yilan Li","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020134.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020134.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of high intensity interval training on children’s health is the focus of experts and scholars worldwide. After the outline of “Building a Strong Country in Sports” was issued in 2019, China’s attention to sports has reached a peak. However, the proportion of obese or myopic children in schools at all levels is still high, and the problem of low physical fitness of Chinese students is still serious. The purpose of this study was to review previous studies to explore the effects of high intensity interval training on children’s health and physical fitness. We reviewed relevant literature both in Chinese and English, sorted out and summarized the research results. We found that high intensity interval training has a positive impact on children’s health and physical fitness, can significantly improve children’s muscle strength and cardiopulmonary endurance, and can effectively reduce fat mass in overweight and obese children. Meanwhile, the high intensity interval training has higher training pleasure. Therefore, high intensity interval training can be used as an effective exercise method for children. It is suggested to handle the relationship scientifically and reasonably among individual differences, training time, and training intensity. We should pay attention to the group training workload for overweight and obese children, adopt the principle of gradual improvement, and gradually improve the ability and health level of overweight and obese children.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41697136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020126.boisestate
Caifang Wu, Xiaozan Wang
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fundamental motor skills (FMS) and physical fitness (PF) in children aged 7-12 years. The participants were 217 children (50.7% female) from a primary school in Shanghai. The FMS was assessed using Chinese version Test of Gross Motor Development–3 edition (CTGMD-3), which includes 6 locomotor skills and 7 ball skills. PF was measured following China’s national physical health standards for students, which includes BMI, vital capacity, sit and reach, 50m sprint, one-minute rope jumping, one-minute sit-ups and 50m * 8 shuttle run. The weighted score of the 7 tests was calculated to represent the performance of PF. Four participants were assigned into one group and took all tests within a physical education class. Two well-trained graduate assistants performed the tests within one month. Descriptive statistics were computed after checking the normality of the scores of CTGMD-3 and PF. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between FMS and PF. The significance level was set at 0.05. The results showed a significantly positive correlation between the CTGMD-3 score and PF score (r = 0.166, p = 0.014). There was a significantly positive correlation between the score of locomotor skills and PF scores (r = 0.269, p < 0.01). No significant correlation between the score of ball skills and PF score (r = 0.065, p = 0.338) was found. It is concluded that FMS, especially locomotor skills, was associated with PF among children aged 7-12 years. The generalizability of this study was limited since the participants were from one primary school in Shanghai. The small sample size might limit the power of this study. Future research is needed to explore the mechanism underlying the relationship between FMS and PF.
摘要本研究旨在探讨7-12岁儿童基本运动技能(FMS)与身体素质(PF)之间的关系。研究对象为上海市某小学217名儿童(50.7%为女生)。FMS采用中文版大肌肉运动发展测试3版(CTGMD-3)进行评估，包括6项运动技能和7项球技能。PF按照中国国家学生体质健康标准进行测量，包括BMI、生命容量、坐伸、50米短跑、1分钟跳绳、1分钟仰卧起坐和50米* 8穿梭跑。计算7项测试的加权得分来代表PF的表现。将4名参与者分为一组，并在一个体育课内进行所有测试。两名训练有素的研究生助理在一个月内完成了测试。检验CTGMD-3评分与PF评分的正态性后进行描述性统计，FMS与PF的关系采用Pearson相关，显著性水平设为0.05。CTGMD-3评分与PF评分呈显著正相关(r = 0.166, p = 0.014)。运动技能得分与PF得分呈显著正相关(r = 0.269, p < 0.01)。球技得分与PF得分无显著相关(r = 0.065, p = 0.338)。结果表明，FMS，尤其是运动技能，与7-12岁儿童的PF有关。由于研究对象仅来自上海一所小学，因此本研究的可推广性有限。小样本量可能会限制这项研究的效力。FMS与PF之间关系的机制有待进一步研究。
{"title":"The Relationship Between Fundamental Motor Skills and Physical Fitness in Children Aged 7-12 Years","authors":"Caifang Wu, Xiaozan Wang","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020126.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020126.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fundamental motor skills (FMS) and physical fitness (PF) in children \u0000 aged 7-12 years. The participants were 217 children (50.7% female) from a primary school in Shanghai. The FMS was assessed using Chinese \u0000 version Test of Gross Motor Development–3 edition (CTGMD-3), which includes 6 locomotor skills and 7 ball skills. PF was measured following \u0000 China’s national physical health standards for students, which includes BMI, vital capacity, sit and reach, 50m sprint, one-minute rope \u0000 jumping, one-minute sit-ups and 50m * 8 shuttle run. The weighted score of the 7 tests was calculated to represent the performance of \u0000 PF. Four participants were assigned into one group and took all tests within a physical education class. Two well-trained graduate \u0000 assistants performed the tests within one month. Descriptive statistics were computed after checking the normality of the scores of \u0000 CTGMD-3 and PF. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between FMS and PF. The significance level was set at 0.05. \u0000 The results showed a significantly positive correlation between the CTGMD-3 score and PF score (r = 0.166, p = 0.014). \u0000 There was a significantly positive correlation between the score of locomotor skills and PF scores (r = 0.269, p < 0.01). \u0000 No significant correlation between the score of ball skills and PF score (r = 0.065, p = 0.338) was found. It is concluded \u0000 that FMS, especially locomotor skills, was associated with PF among children aged 7-12 years. The generalizability of this study was \u0000 limited since the participants were from one primary school in Shanghai. The small sample size might limit the power of this study. \u0000 Future research is needed to explore the mechanism underlying the relationship between FMS and PF.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41787102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020107.boisestate
Liqiang Zhang, Gao Huina
This study aimed at exploring a relation between the mood state and physical activity (PA) among the Zang and Han university students during the COVID-19. 2382 university students in Shaanxi, Tibet, Hubei and Guizhou were recruited using a convenient sampling method to participate in this study. Independent samples t-test and ANOVA were used to compare the differences of the mood state of the college students by gender, grade, and ethnicity respectively. Pearson correlation and stepwise linear regression were conducted to examine the indicators’ relations. The results indicated that there was statistical significance in the mood state among the ethnicity, gender, and grade (p < 0.05). The total emotional score tended to increase as the grade increased; There are statistical significance in PA between gender, and grade (p < 0.05), while PA declining as the grade increased. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between grade and positive affect (p > 0.05). There are statistically significances between all other indicators (p < 0.05). The study shows that COVID-19 suppressed mood state and participation in PA among Tibetan-Han college students. PA is better for increasing mood state of the university students, which is better for positive emotion, but bad for negative emotion as the grade rises.
{"title":"The Mood and Physical Activity of the Tibetan and Han University Students During the COVID-19","authors":"Liqiang Zhang, Gao Huina","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020107.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020107.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at exploring a relation between the mood state and physical activity (PA) among the Zang and Han university \u0000 students during the COVID-19. 2382 university students in Shaanxi, Tibet, Hubei and Guizhou were recruited using a convenient \u0000 sampling method to participate in this study. Independent samples t-test and ANOVA were used to compare the differences of the \u0000 mood state of the college students by gender, grade, and ethnicity respectively. Pearson correlation and stepwise linear \u0000 regression were conducted to examine the indicators’ relations. The results indicated that there was statistical significance \u0000 in the mood state among the ethnicity, gender, and grade (p < 0.05). The total emotional score tended to increase as the \u0000 grade increased; There are statistical significance in PA between gender, and grade (p < 0.05), while PA declining as the \u0000 grade increased. However, there was no statistically significant relationship between grade and positive affect (p > 0.05). \u0000 There are statistically significances between all other indicators (p < 0.05). The study shows that COVID-19 suppressed \u0000 mood state and participation in PA among Tibetan-Han college students. PA is better for increasing mood state of the university \u0000 students, which is better for positive emotion, but bad for negative emotion as the grade rises.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47342565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020109.boisestate
Xue Liying
With the acceleration of the development of modern science and technology, material production and spiritual production and their products have become alien forces and gradually the ruling tools, People have gradually become the products of science and technology. In this case, pressure and anxiety lead to increased insomnia among people year by year. This paper aims to study the role of fitness yoga in improving sleep disorders and sleep quality in contemporary people. Using fitness yoga and sleep as the keywords, we searched CNKI, Weibo, Wanfang, and other databases. Relevant master's theses and doctoral dissertations, journal articles, conference abstracts and other documents were included for this analysis. Through the analysis of literature, the relationship of fitness yoga to promote sleep and the practical significance of fitness yoga for sleep were examined. The findings showed that yoga exercises are rhythmic whole-body muscle relaxation exercises that reduce skeletal muscle tone, cerebral cortex arousal, and oxygen consumption to improve sleep; Secondly, interest adjustment is rhythmic abdominal deep breathing technique, which increases chest oxygen content, activates parasympathetic nerves, reduces psychological stress, and promotes sleep. Finally, meditation will guide practitioners to focus on their emotions and feelings and encourage them to accept the environment with peace of mind and promote sleep. Students' total sleep index score, subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbance, and daytime function scores in the yoga group decreased significantly. Among them, total sleep index score and subjective sleep quality were highly significant. Sleep disorders among participants in the yoga group were reduced and their daytime function were improved. Subjective sleep quality and overall sleep improved significantly. Yoga is a combination of physical posture, breathing, and meditation, which focuses on not only the practice of posture, but also spiritual practice. Meditation can enable participants to better regulate their emotions, which emphasizes not only physical relaxation, but also psychological relaxation. One-on-one intervention form, meditation practice, gong therapy, yoga breathing practice, intervention type, weekly intervention, two-three times interventions are effective ways to improve sleep quality and reduce sleep disorders. The short-term effect of yoga is significant; however, future research with high quality needs to examine the long-term effect of yoga on sleep quality.
{"title":"Intervention Relationship in Sleep in Fitness Yoga","authors":"Xue Liying","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020109.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020109.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"With the acceleration of the development of modern science and technology, material production and spiritual production and their products have become alien forces and gradually the ruling tools, People have gradually become the products of science and technology. In this case, pressure and anxiety lead to increased insomnia among people year by year. This paper aims to study the role of fitness yoga in improving sleep disorders and sleep quality in contemporary people. Using fitness yoga and sleep as the keywords, we searched CNKI, Weibo, Wanfang, and other databases. Relevant master's theses and doctoral dissertations, journal articles, conference abstracts and other documents were included for this analysis. Through the analysis of literature, the relationship of fitness yoga to promote sleep and the practical significance of fitness yoga for sleep were examined. The findings showed that yoga exercises are rhythmic whole-body muscle relaxation exercises that reduce skeletal muscle tone, cerebral cortex arousal, and oxygen consumption to improve sleep; Secondly, interest adjustment is rhythmic abdominal deep breathing technique, which increases chest oxygen content, activates parasympathetic nerves, reduces psychological stress, and promotes sleep. Finally, meditation will guide practitioners to focus on their emotions and feelings and encourage them to accept the environment with peace of mind and promote sleep. Students' total sleep index score, subjective sleep quality, sleep disturbance, and daytime function scores in the yoga group decreased significantly. Among them, total sleep index score and subjective sleep quality were highly significant. Sleep disorders among participants in the yoga group were reduced and their daytime function were improved. Subjective sleep quality and overall sleep improved significantly. Yoga is a combination of physical posture, breathing, and meditation, which focuses on not only the practice of posture, but also spiritual practice. Meditation can enable participants to better regulate their emotions, which emphasizes not only physical relaxation, but also psychological relaxation. One-on-one intervention form, meditation practice, gong therapy, yoga breathing practice, intervention type, weekly intervention, two-three times interventions are effective ways to improve sleep quality and reduce sleep disorders. The short-term effect of yoga is significant; however, future research with high quality needs to examine the long-term effect of yoga on sleep quality.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43415860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020122.boisestate
Hanzhi Dai
With the development of economic globalization, sports events have become a strategic tool that is used for enhancing the competitiveness of the city and achieving the government’s goal. Nowadays, a myriad of cities takes organizing sports events as the goal of urban development. However, what is the relationship between sporting events and urban development? How to build an evaluation index system to measure the relationship between urban development and sports events? How are sports events coordinated with urban development? These issues have not yet been thoroughly investigated. This study attempts to analyze the relationship and mechanism between urban development and sports events based on the perspective of Symbiosis Theory. The literature review, expert consultation, empirical analysis, and mathematical statistics were conducted in this study. At the theoretical level, this study uses Symbiosis Theory to analyze the relationship between sports events and urban development. The conclusions are as follows: sports events and urban development are two basic symbiosis units that will form a certain symbiotic paradigm through the symbiotic interface and under the role of symbiotic environment, the symbiosis relationship between urban development and sports events is mutualistic symbiosis. The research constructed the index system for the evaluation of the symbiosis relationship of sports events over urban development. The index system is divided into two subsystems, six primary indicators, and 20 secondary indicators. Among them, the confirmation of index weight of the first-level indicators used the analytic hierarchy process, and the second-level indicators used the principal component analysis. On this basis, through empirical analysis of Nanjing Youth Olympic Games as a case, the results showed the correctness of the evaluation index system, to provide references for cities that later hosted sports events.
{"title":"Research on Evaluation Index System of Sports Events Over Urban Development Based on Symbiosis Theory","authors":"Hanzhi Dai","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020122.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020122.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of economic globalization, sports events have become a strategic tool that is used for enhancing the \u0000 competitiveness of the city and achieving the government’s goal. Nowadays, a myriad of cities takes organizing sports events as \u0000 the goal of urban development. However, what is the relationship between sporting events and urban development? How to build an \u0000 evaluation index system to measure the relationship between urban development and sports events? How are sports events coordinated with urban development? These issues have not yet been thoroughly investigated. This study attempts to analyze the relationship and mechanism between urban development and sports events based on the perspective of Symbiosis Theory. The literature review, expert consultation, empirical analysis, and mathematical statistics were conducted in this study. At the theoretical level, this study uses Symbiosis Theory to analyze the relationship between sports events and urban development. The conclusions are as follows: sports events and urban development are two basic symbiosis units that will form a certain symbiotic paradigm through the symbiotic interface and under the role of symbiotic environment, the symbiosis relationship between urban development and sports events is mutualistic symbiosis. The research constructed the index system for the evaluation of the symbiosis relationship of sports events over urban development. The index system is divided into two subsystems, six primary indicators, and 20 secondary indicators. Among them, the confirmation of index weight of the first-level indicators used the analytic hierarchy process, and the second-level indicators used the principal component analysis. On this basis, through empirical analysis of Nanjing Youth Olympic Games as a case, the results showed the correctness of the evaluation index system, to provide references for cities that later hosted sports events.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42393028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020128.boisestate
Qingyue Lin, Wangyang Yu, Hongying Wang
Playing golf is good for health. Previous studies found that golf training can improve performance such as muscle strength, endurance, balance, and agility. Constitution is the important foundation of national and social development, and children are the key period of constitution development. At present, there are few studies on the influence of golf on children's physical fitness. This study explored the influence of 16-week soft golf exercise intervention on the physical health of 4–5-year-old children. Sixty children aged 4-5 years old were recruited from a kindergarten school in Shanghai, China with means of age at 4.56±0.54 and height at 112.72±3.96. Participants were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group. The physical fitness data were collected before and after the intervention. The intervention lasted 16 weeks of soft golf training with twice a week and 45 minutes each time. The control group did not do any training. The results showed that: (1) there were no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in terms of lower limb strength and coordination ability. After intervention, Participants in the experimental group performed significantly better than those in the control group. (2) There were no significant differences in upper limb strength, endurance, and balance among participants between the experimental group and the control group. After intervention, Participants in the experimental group and the control group improved in physical fitness at varying degrees when compared with the pre-test, however the improvements were not statistically significant. This study showed that after 16 weeks of soft golf intervention, participants in the experimental group and the control group had different degrees of improvement in physical fitness test indicators. Especially in lower limb strength and coordination ability test indicators, participants in the experimental group performed significantly higher than those in the control group. It is suggested that the impact of soft golf on children's physical fitness was positive. In China, research on golf and children's physical fitness is still in its infancy. Soft golf retains the characteristics of traditional golf, and the development conditions are more convenient, which provide objective conditions for campus golf. The exercise effect of soft golf on physical fitness among different participants should be further explored in the future.
{"title":"Effects of Soft Golf on Physical Fitness of Children Aged 4 to 5 Years","authors":"Qingyue Lin, Wangyang Yu, Hongying Wang","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020128.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020128.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"Playing golf is good for health. Previous studies found that golf training can improve performance such as muscle strength, endurance, balance, and agility. Constitution is the important foundation of national and social development, and children are the key period of constitution development. At present, there are few studies on the influence of golf on children's physical fitness. This study explored the influence of 16-week soft golf exercise intervention on the physical health of 4–5-year-old children. Sixty children aged 4-5 years old were recruited from a kindergarten school in Shanghai, China with means of age at 4.56±0.54 and height at 112.72±3.96. Participants were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group. The physical fitness data were collected before and after the intervention. The intervention lasted 16 weeks of soft golf training with twice a week and 45 minutes each time. The control group did not do any training. The results showed that: (1) there were no significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in terms of lower limb strength and coordination ability. After intervention, Participants in the experimental group performed significantly better than those in the control group. (2) There were no significant differences in upper limb strength, endurance, and balance among participants between the experimental group and the control group. After intervention, Participants in the experimental group and the control group improved in physical fitness at varying degrees when compared with the pre-test, however the improvements were not statistically significant. This study showed that after 16 weeks of soft golf intervention, participants in the experimental group and the control group had different degrees of improvement in physical fitness test indicators. Especially in lower limb strength and coordination ability test indicators, participants in the experimental group performed significantly higher than those in the control group. It is suggested that the impact of soft golf on children's physical fitness was positive. In China, research on golf and children's physical fitness is still in its infancy. Soft golf retains the characteristics of traditional golf, and the development conditions are more convenient, which provide objective conditions for campus golf. The exercise effect of soft golf on physical fitness among different participants should be further explored in the future.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48280723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020129.boisestate
Ran Wei, Yuanlong Liu, B. Applegate, Colin Cork
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the most frequently cited and most influential models to explain and predict human intentions and behaviors (Ajzen, 1991, 2011; Kim & James, 2016), which include physical activity and exercise. However, the dimensionality of TPB has not been examined in the context of online fitness program (OFP) participation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine the TPB measurement parameters of the factorial models and determine the generalizability of the psychological constructs of the TPB model on gender groups and whether COVID-19 affected annual income groups. The participants were 18 years or older adults in U.S.A. and self-identified as OFP participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. They were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk. TPB was used to examine OFP participation behavior with four constructs: Attitudes toward a behavior (AB), subjective norm (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and participation intention (PI) along with an additional construct role identity (RI). Data were collected through Qualtrics and analyzed in RStudio-1.4.1106. Multiple group confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to investigate measurement invariance on gender (male or female) and COVID-19 impact (yes or no), respectively. Final data for analyses included 724 respondents (52.5% males; 47.9% reported no). The CFA results supported unidimensionality of the modified TPB scale. Invariance tests were conducted at all levels of AB, SN, PBC, PI, and RI measures for both male and female groups and COVID-19 impacted groups: Dimensional (equal number of latent factors), configural (equal factor structure), weak (equal factor loadings), strong (equal indicator intercepts), and strict (equal indicator residuals), respectively. The results showed that each of the equal indicator residual models had an overall satisfactory fit to the OFP participation data for both male and female groups as well as the two COVID-19 impacted groups. Comparing with the equal indicator intercept solution regarding the groups in both gender and COVID-19 impact, each of the equal indicator residual models for AB and SN did not result in a significant degradation in model-data fit. But PBC, PI, and RI had significant chi-square changes and the changes of their CFIs were greater than 0.01. Results showed that the adapted TPB scale is valid for measuring OFP participation intention constructs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since invariant factor loadings and indicator intercepts of TPB measures have achieved, it has confirmed that it is valid to be used in group comparison of latent scores.
{"title":"Measuring Invariance of Theory of Planned Behavior Model on Online Fitness Program Participation During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Ran Wei, Yuanlong Liu, B. Applegate, Colin Cork","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020129.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020129.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is one of the most frequently cited and most influential models to explain and predict human \u0000 intentions and behaviors (Ajzen, 1991, 2011; Kim & James, 2016), which include physical activity and exercise. However, \u0000 the dimensionality of TPB has not been examined in the context of online fitness program (OFP) participation during the COVID-19 \u0000 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine the TPB measurement parameters of the factorial models and determine the \u0000 generalizability of the psychological constructs of the TPB model on gender groups and whether COVID-19 affected annual income \u0000 groups. The participants were 18 years or older adults in U.S.A. and self-identified as OFP participants during the COVID-19 \u0000 pandemic. They were recruited using Amazon Mechanical Turk. TPB was used to examine OFP participation behavior with four \u0000 constructs: Attitudes toward a behavior (AB), subjective norm (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and participation intention \u0000 (PI) along with an additional construct role identity (RI). Data were collected through Qualtrics and analyzed in RStudio-1.4.1106. \u0000 Multiple group confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted to investigate measurement invariance on gender (male or female) \u0000 and COVID-19 impact (yes or no), respectively. Final data for analyses included 724 respondents (52.5% males; 47.9% reported no). \u0000 The CFA results supported unidimensionality of the modified TPB scale. Invariance tests were conducted at all levels of AB, SN, \u0000 PBC, PI, and RI measures for both male and female groups and COVID-19 impacted groups: Dimensional (equal number of latent factors), \u0000 configural (equal factor structure), weak (equal factor loadings), strong (equal indicator intercepts), and strict (equal \u0000 indicator residuals), respectively. The results showed that each of the equal indicator residual models had an overall satisfactory \u0000 fit to the OFP participation data for both male and female groups as well as the two COVID-19 impacted groups. Comparing with the \u0000 equal indicator intercept solution regarding the groups in both gender and COVID-19 impact, each of the equal indicator residual \u0000 models for AB and SN did not result in a significant degradation in model-data fit. But PBC, PI, and RI had significant chi-square \u0000 changes and the changes of their CFIs were greater than 0.01. Results showed that the adapted TPB scale is valid for measuring OFP \u0000 participation intention constructs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since invariant factor loadings and indicator intercepts of TPB \u0000 measures have achieved, it has confirmed that it is valid to be used in group comparison of latent scores.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49293706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.18122/ijpah.020124.boisestate
Yuan Shang, Zhenliang Zhang, Ying Zhang, Yong-jia Chen, Han Zhang
The purpose of this paper was to analyze the changes of college students' physical health and the relevant influencing factors, and provide the basis for the school to formulate reasonable measures to improve students' physical health. A total of 13052 undergraduate students (including 6852 male and 6173 female) from the city of Zhengzhou in Henan province were recruited for the purpose of the study. Mathematical statistics, literature review, questionnaire investigation, and logic analysis were adopted. In terms of body shape, BMI index of both male and female undergraduates increased, and the T test of BMI index showed significant difference (P < 0.01). In terms of physical fitness, the lung capacity (M=4028.81>3985.10, T =3.625, P<0.01) and the standing long jump (M=226.05>217.80, T =22.054, P<0.01) were significantly decreased. The test scores of 50 meters, pull-up, standing long jump, 1000 meters and sitting forward bending were improved to different degrees. Girls showed significant improvement in all indexes except 50m (M=9.386>8.071, T =63.067, P=0.832>0.01). Only 7.51% of students pay much attention to their physical quality. The importance of physical quality is directly proportional to the frequency of exercise. 67.72% of students exercise for less than 30 minutes. The phenomenon of staying up late and being addicted to the Internet is very common. 1.64% of students never stay up late and 45.63% stay up late for online entertainment. Students and departments pay insufficient attention to physical health testing. Only 6.1% of the students read the test rules carefully before taking the test, and only 10.09% of the students said their department would urge students to learn the rules. It is likely that the subjective factors such as attitude, exercise habit, exercise frequency and daily work and rest jointly determine the physical fitness level of college students. The intensity of physical education courses, the ratio of sports facilities, the attitude of each department to physical testing and the rationality of physical health testing affect the development of students' physical health level. We suggest putting forward from the aspects of innovating campus sports culture atmosphere, help students establish correct health cognition and exercise habits, enhance the educational function of campus sports classes and facilities, and perfect the management system of physical health test in colleges and universities.
{"title":"Study on the Influencing Factors of College Students' Physical Health","authors":"Yuan Shang, Zhenliang Zhang, Ying Zhang, Yong-jia Chen, Han Zhang","doi":"10.18122/ijpah.020124.boisestate","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18122/ijpah.020124.boisestate","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper was to analyze the changes of college students' physical health and the relevant influencing factors, and \u0000 provide the basis for the school to formulate reasonable measures to improve students' physical health. A total of 13052 undergraduate \u0000 students (including 6852 male and 6173 female) from the city of Zhengzhou in Henan province were recruited for the purpose of the study. \u0000 Mathematical statistics, literature review, questionnaire investigation, and logic analysis were adopted. In terms of body shape, BMI index \u0000 of both male and female undergraduates increased, and the T test of BMI index showed significant difference (P < 0.01). In terms of \u0000 physical fitness, the lung capacity (M=4028.81>3985.10, T =3.625, P<0.01) and the standing long jump (M=226.05>217.80, \u0000 T =22.054, P<0.01) were significantly decreased. The test scores of 50 meters, pull-up, standing long jump, 1000 meters \u0000 and sitting forward bending were improved to different degrees. Girls showed significant improvement in all indexes except 50m \u0000 (M=9.386>8.071, T =63.067, P=0.832>0.01). Only 7.51% of students pay much attention to their physical quality. The \u0000 importance of physical quality is directly proportional to the frequency of exercise. 67.72% of students exercise for less \u0000 than 30 minutes. The phenomenon of staying up late and being addicted to the Internet is very common. 1.64% of students \u0000 never stay up late and 45.63% stay up late for online entertainment. Students and departments pay insufficient attention to \u0000 physical health testing. Only 6.1% of the students read the test rules carefully before taking the test, and only 10.09% of the \u0000 students said their department would urge students to learn the rules. It is likely that the subjective factors such as attitude, \u0000 exercise habit, exercise frequency and daily work and rest jointly determine the physical fitness level of college students. The \u0000 intensity of physical education courses, the ratio of sports facilities, the attitude of each department to physical testing and the \u0000 rationality of physical health testing affect the development of students' physical health level. We suggest putting forward from the \u0000 aspects of innovating campus sports culture atmosphere, help students establish correct health cognition and exercise habits, enhance \u0000 the educational function of campus sports classes and facilities, and perfect the management system of physical health test in colleges \u0000 and universities.","PeriodicalId":73469,"journal":{"name":"International journal of physical activity and health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48375602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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