Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100182
Ellen S Rome
This perspectives piece analyzes the “Barbie” movie and its impact on its viewership. In contrast to prior research demonstrating that images of Barbie objectified girls, lowered self-esteem, and promoted body dysmorphia, with social media focus on “Fitspiration” as well as “Thinspiration” amplifying the negative effect, the Barbie movie may have more positive impact than one might predict. As gleaned from an informal survey of patients, parents, and peers, the messages of the Barbie movie include a mix of body positivity, recognition of the impact of depression and other aspects of mental health, critique of the perceived societal patriarchy, and a message of empowerment for girls, females, and people otherwise unrecognized.
{"title":"Perspective: Barbie: Food for the Soul or Fanciful Nostalgia?","authors":"Ellen S Rome","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This perspectives piece analyzes the “Barbie” movie and its impact on its viewership. In contrast to prior research demonstrating that images of Barbie objectified girls, lowered self-esteem, and promoted body dysmorphia, with social media focus on “Fitspiration” as well as “Thinspiration” amplifying the negative effect, the Barbie movie may have more positive impact than one might predict. As gleaned from an informal survey of patients, parents, and peers, the messages of the Barbie movie include a mix of body positivity, recognition of the impact of depression and other aspects of mental health, critique of the perceived societal patriarchy, and a message of empowerment for girls, females, and people otherwise unrecognized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000164/pdfft?md5=df60157005c7fa733174bccedf8d0690&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000164-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100181
Nicola M Lowe , Andrew G Hall , Martin R Broadley , Jennifer Foley , Erick Boy , Zulfiqar A Bhutta
Through diverse roles, zinc determines a greater number of critical life functions than any other single micronutrient. Beyond the well-recognized importance of zinc for child growth and resistance to infections, zinc has numerous specific roles covering the regulation of glucose metabolism, and growing evidence links zinc deficiency with increased risk of diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders. Zinc nutriture is, thus, vitally important to health across the life course. Zinc deficiency is also one of the most common forms of micronutrient malnutrition globally. A clearer estimate of the burden of health disparity attributable to zinc deficiency in adulthood and later life emerges when accounting for its contribution to global elevated fasting blood glucose and related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Yet progress attenuating its prevalence has been limited due, in part, to the lack of sensitive and specific methods to assess human zinc status. This narrative review covers recent developments in our understanding of zinc’s role in health, the impact of the changing climate and global context on zinc intake, novel functional biomarkers showing promise for monitoring population-level interventions, and solutions for improving population zinc intake. It aims to spur on implementation of evidence-based interventions for preventing and controlling zinc deficiency across the life course. Increasing zinc intake and combating global zinc deficiency requires context-specific strategies and a combination of complementary, evidence-based interventions, including supplementation, food fortification, and food and agricultural solutions such as biofortification, alongside efforts to improve zinc bioavailability. Enhancing dietary zinc content and bioavailability through zinc biofortification is an inclusive nutrition solution that can benefit the most vulnerable individuals and populations affected by inadequate diets to the greatest extent.
{"title":"Preventing and Controlling Zinc Deficiency Across the Life Course: A Call to Action","authors":"Nicola M Lowe , Andrew G Hall , Martin R Broadley , Jennifer Foley , Erick Boy , Zulfiqar A Bhutta","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Through diverse roles, zinc determines a greater number of critical life functions than any other single micronutrient. Beyond the well-recognized importance of zinc for child growth and resistance to infections, zinc has numerous specific roles covering the regulation of glucose metabolism, and growing evidence links zinc deficiency with increased risk of diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders. Zinc nutriture is, thus, vitally important to health across the life course. Zinc deficiency is also one of the most common forms of micronutrient malnutrition globally. A clearer estimate of the burden of health disparity attributable to zinc deficiency in adulthood and later life emerges when accounting for its contribution to global elevated fasting blood glucose and related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Yet progress attenuating its prevalence has been limited due, in part, to the lack of sensitive and specific methods to assess human zinc status. This narrative review covers recent developments in our understanding of zinc’s role in health, the impact of the changing climate and global context on zinc intake, novel functional biomarkers showing promise for monitoring population-level interventions, and solutions for improving population zinc intake. It aims to spur on implementation of evidence-based interventions for preventing and controlling zinc deficiency across the life course. Increasing zinc intake and combating global zinc deficiency requires context-specific strategies and a combination of complementary, evidence-based interventions, including supplementation, food fortification, and food and agricultural solutions such as biofortification, alongside efforts to improve zinc bioavailability. Enhancing dietary zinc content and bioavailability through zinc biofortification is an inclusive nutrition solution that can benefit the most vulnerable individuals and populations affected by inadequate diets to the greatest extent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000152/pdfft?md5=f83af91f530c11d2b8f258c2d00fec52&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000152-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100179
Melina Mgongo , Scott B Ickes , Beatrice J Leyaro , Innocent B Mboya , Samantha Grounds , Emily R Seiger , Tamara H Hashim , Jamie L Conklin , Elizabeth W Kimani-Murage , Stephanie L Martin
Around the world, paid work without appropriate structural support is a key barrier to optimal breastfeeding practices. To better protect, promote, and support optimal breastfeeding practices among working women in Africa, this scoping review sought to understand how paid work influences infant feeding practices in the first 6 mo of life and what support women need to manage work and optimal infant feeding practices. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Global Health, and CINAHL Plus, screened 2436 abstracts, and reviewed 322 full-text articles using Covidence for review and charting. We identified 203 articles that met the inclusion criteria. We identified 32 quantitative, 10 qualitative, 3 mixed-methods, and 2 review articles that focused on examining the relationship between work and breastfeeding, and 109 quantitative, 22 qualitative, 21 mixed-methods, and 4 review articles that included work as part of broader breastfeeding research but did not focus on work. Most studies reported a significant negative association between work and exclusive breastfeeding. Three major domains were reported in the qualitative studies: challenges to managing work and infant feeding, receiving support from employers and family members/caregivers, and strategies for feeding infants when the mother is working. Reviewed studies proposed recommendations to increase support for breastfeeding through changes to policies and support within worksites, the health system, and childcare; however, evidence of previously implemented policies or programs is limited. We recommend more consistent definitions and measurement of women’s work. Future research is needed on the impact of implementing various strategies and benefits for breastfeeding at workplaces, as well as efforts to support breastfeeding among informal workers.
{"title":"Early Infant Feeding Practices among Women Engaged in Paid Work in Africa: A Systematic Scoping Review","authors":"Melina Mgongo , Scott B Ickes , Beatrice J Leyaro , Innocent B Mboya , Samantha Grounds , Emily R Seiger , Tamara H Hashim , Jamie L Conklin , Elizabeth W Kimani-Murage , Stephanie L Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Around the world, paid work without appropriate structural support is a key barrier to optimal breastfeeding practices. To better protect, promote, and support optimal breastfeeding practices among working women in Africa, this scoping review sought to understand how paid work influences infant feeding practices in the first 6 mo of life and what support women need to manage work and optimal infant feeding practices. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Global Health, and CINAHL Plus, screened 2436 abstracts, and reviewed 322 full-text articles using Covidence for review and charting. We identified 203 articles that met the inclusion criteria. We identified 32 quantitative, 10 qualitative, 3 mixed-methods, and 2 review articles that focused on examining the relationship between work and breastfeeding, and 109 quantitative, 22 qualitative, 21 mixed-methods, and 4 review articles that included work as part of broader breastfeeding research but did not focus on work. Most studies reported a significant negative association between work and exclusive breastfeeding. Three major domains were reported in the qualitative studies: challenges to managing work and infant feeding, receiving support from employers and family members/caregivers, and strategies for feeding infants when the mother is working. Reviewed studies proposed recommendations to increase support for breastfeeding through changes to policies and support within worksites, the health system, and childcare; however, evidence of previously implemented policies or programs is limited. We recommend more consistent definitions and measurement of women’s work. Future research is needed on the impact of implementing various strategies and benefits for breastfeeding at workplaces, as well as efforts to support breastfeeding among informal workers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000139/pdfft?md5=5a24b384c5602c35b055f5455c3f728c&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000139-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100180
Juan A Rivera , Mónica Arantxa Colchero , Carolina Pérez-Ferrer , Simón Barquera
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with a higher risk of death in low- and middle-income countries. Diet and excess weight are risk factors for NCDs. In Mexico, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased dramatically in the last 30 y and is among the highest in the world. To address this public health problem, governments and public health professionals have several policy instruments available. In this study, we present the policy instruments currently approved in Mexico, which include fiscal, informational, and authoritative tools that aim to improve the food environment and promote healthy behaviors (taxes, school food guidelines, front-of-pack labeling, marketing regulations, and dietary guidelines). These types of interventions are important in regions like Latin America, where social inequities and poor access to information are common, and individual healthy choices are often limited. These interventions target the environments in which individuals live, study, work, and seek entertainment, while limiting access to unhealthy choices and offering information to promote healthy alternatives. The Mexican experience in design, implementation, and evaluation of policies to improve the food environment can be useful for other low- and middle-income countries facing similar challenges.
{"title":"Perspective: Mexico’s Experience in Building a Toolkit for Obesity and Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention","authors":"Juan A Rivera , Mónica Arantxa Colchero , Carolina Pérez-Ferrer , Simón Barquera","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with a higher risk of death in low- and middle-income countries. Diet and excess weight are risk factors for NCDs. In Mexico, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased dramatically in the last 30 y and is among the highest in the world. To address this public health problem, governments and public health professionals have several policy instruments available. In this study, we present the policy instruments currently approved in Mexico, which include fiscal, informational, and authoritative tools that aim to improve the food environment and promote healthy behaviors (taxes, school food guidelines, front-of-pack labeling, marketing regulations, and dietary guidelines). These types of interventions are important in regions like Latin America, where social inequities and poor access to information are common, and individual healthy choices are often limited. These interventions target the environments in which individuals live, study, work, and seek entertainment, while limiting access to unhealthy choices and offering information to promote healthy alternatives. The Mexican experience in design, implementation, and evaluation of policies to improve the food environment can be useful for other low- and middle-income countries facing similar challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000140/pdfft?md5=25a06d1d5500e1a90876f0452d124d1f&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000140-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139514370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100178
Sydney G O'Connor , Lauren E O’Connor , Kelly A Higgins , Brooke M Bell , Emily S Krueger , Rita Rawal , Reiley Hartmuller , Jill Reedy , Marissa M Shams-White
Timing of eating (TOE) and energy intake (TOEI) has important implications for chronic disease risk beyond diet quality. The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee recommended developing consistent terminology to address the lack of TOE/TOEI standardization. The primary objective of this methodological systematic review was to characterize the conceptualization and assessment of TOE/TOEI within the chronic disease literature (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number: CRD42021236621). Literature searches in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were limited to English language publications from 2000 to August 2022. Eligible studies reported the association between TOE/TOEI and obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, or a related clinical risk factor among adults (≥19 y) in observational and intervention studies. A qualitative synthesis described and compared TOE/TOEI conceptualization, definitions, and assessment methods across studies. Of the 7579 unique publications identified, 259 studies (observational [51.4 %], intervention [47.5 %], or both [1.2 %]) were eligible for inclusion. Key findings indicated that most studies (49.6 %) were conducted in the context of obesity and body weight. TOE/TOEI variables or assigned conditions conceptualized interrelated aspects of time and eating or energy intake in varying ways. Common TOE/TOEI conceptualizations included the following: 1) timepoint (specific time to represent when intake occurs, such as time of breakfast [74.8 %]); 2) duration (length of time or interval when intake does/does not occur, such as “eating window” [56.5 %]); 3) distribution (proportion of daily intake at a given time interval, such as “percentage of energy before noon” [29.8 %]); and 4) cluster (grouping individuals based on temporal ingestive characteristics [5.0 %]). Assessment, definition, and operationalization of 24-h TOE/TOEI variables varied widely across studies. Observational studies most often used surveys or questionnaires (28.9 %), whereas interventions used virtual or in-person meetings (23.8 %) to assess TOE/TOEI adherence. Overall, the diversity of terminology and methods solidifies the need for standardization to guide future research in chrononutrition and to facilitate inter-study comparisons.
{"title":"Conceptualization and Assessment of 24-H Timing of Eating and Energy Intake: A Methodological Systematic Review of the Chronic Disease Literature","authors":"Sydney G O'Connor , Lauren E O’Connor , Kelly A Higgins , Brooke M Bell , Emily S Krueger , Rita Rawal , Reiley Hartmuller , Jill Reedy , Marissa M Shams-White","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Timing of eating (TOE) and energy intake (TOEI) has important implications for chronic disease risk beyond diet quality. The 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee recommended developing consistent terminology to address the lack of TOE/TOEI standardization. The primary objective of this methodological systematic review was to characterize the conceptualization and assessment of TOE/TOEI within the chronic disease literature (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number: CRD42021236621). Literature searches in Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were limited to English language publications from 2000 to August 2022. Eligible studies reported the association between TOE/TOEI and obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, or a related clinical risk factor among adults (≥19 y) in observational and intervention studies. A qualitative synthesis described and compared TOE/TOEI conceptualization, definitions, and assessment methods across studies. Of the 7579 unique publications identified, 259 studies (observational [51.4 %], intervention [47.5 %], or both [1.2 %]) were eligible for inclusion. Key findings indicated that most studies (49.6 %) were conducted in the context of obesity and body weight. TOE/TOEI variables or assigned conditions conceptualized interrelated aspects of time and eating or energy intake in varying ways. Common TOE/TOEI conceptualizations included the following: <em>1</em>) timepoint (specific time to represent when intake occurs, such as time of breakfast [74.8 %]); <em>2</em>) duration (length of time or interval when intake does/does not occur, such as “eating window” [56.5 %]); <em>3</em>) distribution (proportion of daily intake at a given time interval, such as “percentage of energy before noon” [29.8 %]); and <em>4</em>) cluster (grouping individuals based on temporal ingestive characteristics [5.0 %]). Assessment, definition, and operationalization of 24-h TOE/TOEI variables varied widely across studies. Observational studies most often used surveys or questionnaires (28.9 %), whereas interventions used virtual or in-person meetings (23.8 %) to assess TOE/TOEI adherence. Overall, the diversity of terminology and methods solidifies the need for standardization to guide future research in chrononutrition and to facilitate inter-study comparisons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000127/pdfft?md5=7f7270fa9cf575440f2423d42aa6c935&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000127-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139503270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.005
Yiwen Zhang, Edward Giovannucci
{"title":"The Association between Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Urologic Cancers: True Association or Bias?","authors":"Yiwen Zhang, Edward Giovannucci","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323013923/pdfft?md5=728090430d90852864b39b8adfbd78d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323013923-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135410763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.011
Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban , Rachel Gibson , Doris SM. Chan , Linda Van Horn , Queenie Chan
High blood pressure (BP) is a major pathological risk factor for the development of several cardiovascular diseases. Diet is a key modifier of BP, but the underlying relationships are not clearly demonstrated. This is an umbrella review of published meta-analyses to critically evaluate the wide range of dietary evidence from bioactive compounds to dietary patterns on BP and risk of hypertension. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until October 31, 2021, for relevant meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses of observational studies. A total of 175 publications reporting 341 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (145 publications) and 70 meta-analyses of observational studies (30 publications) were included in the review. The methodological quality of the included publications was assessed using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 and the evidence quality of each selected meta-analysis was assessed using NutriGrade. This umbrella review supports recommended public health guidelines for prevention and control of hypertension. Dietary patterns including the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and the Mediterranean-type diets that further restrict sodium, and moderate alcohol intake are advised. To produce high-quality evidence and substantiate strong recommendations, future research should address areas where the low quality of evidence was observed (for example, intake of dietary fiber, fish, egg, meat, dairy products, fruit juice, and nuts) and emphasize focus on dietary factors not yet conclusively investigated.
高血压(BP)是多种心血管疾病发展的主要病理危险因素。饮食是血压的一个关键调节因素,但其潜在关系尚未得到明确证明。这是对已发表的荟萃分析的全面综述,旨在批判性地评估从生物活性化合物到饮食模式对血压和高血压风险的广泛饮食证据。从开始到2021年10月31日,PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane对照试验中央注册中心都在搜索随机对照试验的相关荟萃分析或观察性研究的荟萃分析。共有175篇出版物报告了341篇随机对照试验的荟萃分析(145篇出版物)和70篇观察性研究的荟萃分析。纳入出版物的方法学质量使用多系统评价2(AMSTAR 2)进行评估,每个选定荟萃分析的证据质量使用NutriGrade进行评估。这项总括性审查支持推荐的预防和控制高血压的公共卫生指南。建议采用饮食模式,包括停止高血压的饮食方法(DASH)和进一步限制钠和适度饮酒的地中海式饮食。为了提供高质量的证据并证实强有力的建议,未来的研究应解决证据质量低的领域(如膳食纤维、鱼类、鸡蛋、肉类、乳制品、果汁和坚果的摄入),并强调关注尚未最终调查的饮食因素。
{"title":"The Role of Diet in the Prevention of Hypertension and Management of Blood Pressure: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Interventional and Observational Studies","authors":"Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban , Rachel Gibson , Doris SM. Chan , Linda Van Horn , Queenie Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High blood pressure (BP) is a major pathological risk factor for the development of several cardiovascular diseases. Diet is a key modifier of BP, but the underlying relationships are not clearly demonstrated. This is an umbrella review of published meta-analyses to critically evaluate the wide range of dietary evidence from bioactive compounds to dietary patterns on BP and risk of hypertension. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception until October 31, 2021, for relevant meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials or meta-analyses of observational studies. A total of 175 publications reporting 341 meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (145 publications) and 70 meta-analyses of observational studies (30 publications) were included in the review. The methodological quality of the included publications was assessed using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 and the evidence quality of each selected meta-analysis was assessed using NutriGrade. This umbrella review supports recommended public health guidelines for prevention and control of hypertension. Dietary patterns including the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and the Mediterranean-type diets that further restrict sodium, and moderate alcohol intake are advised. To produce high-quality evidence and substantiate strong recommendations, future research should address areas where the low quality of evidence was observed (for example, intake of dietary fiber, fish, egg, meat, dairy products, fruit juice, and nuts) and emphasize focus on dietary factors not yet conclusively investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323013844/pdfft?md5=ed22a53e21d30cbe414cc9b8844cb940&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323013844-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.009
Emily P. Van Syoc , Janhavi Damani , Zachary DiMattia , Erika Ganda , Connie J. Rogers
Probiotic supplementation is a potential therapeutic for metabolic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but most studies deliver multiple species of bacteria in addition to prebiotics or oral pharmaceuticals. This may contribute to conflicting evidence in existing meta-analyses of probiotics in these populations and warrants a systematic review of the literature to assess the contribution of a single probiotic genus to better understand the contribution of individual probiotics to modulate blood glucose. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies and human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of Bifidobacterium (BF) probiotic supplementation on markers of glycemia. In a meta-analysis of 6 RCTs, BF supplementation had no effect on fasting blood glucose {FBG; mean difference [MD] = −1.99 mg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI): −4.84, 0.86], P = 0.13}, and there were no subgroup differences between subjects with elevated FBG concentrations and normoglycemia. However, BF supplementation reduced FBG concentrations in a meta-analysis comprised of studies utilizing animal models of obesity, MetS, or T2D [n = 16; MD = −36.11 mg/dL (CI: −49.04, −23.18), P < 0.0001]. Translational gaps from animal to human trials include paucity of research in female animals, BF supplementation in subjects that were normoglycemic, and lack of methodologic reporting regarding probiotic viability and stability. More research is necessary to assess the effects of BF supplementation in human subjects with elevated FBG concentrations. Overall, there was consistent evidence of the efficacy of BF probiotics to reduce elevated FBG concentrations in animal models but not clinical trials, suggesting that BF alone may have minimal effects on glycemic control, may be more effective when combined with multiple probiotic species, or may be more effective in conditions of hyperglycemia rather than elevated FBG concentrations.
{"title":"The Effects of Bifidobacterium Probiotic Supplementation on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Models and Clinical Evidence","authors":"Emily P. Van Syoc , Janhavi Damani , Zachary DiMattia , Erika Ganda , Connie J. Rogers","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Probiotic supplementation is a potential therapeutic for metabolic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but most studies deliver multiple species of bacteria in addition to prebiotics or oral pharmaceuticals. This may contribute to conflicting evidence in existing meta-analyses of probiotics in these populations and warrants a systematic review of the literature to assess the contribution of a single probiotic genus to better understand the contribution of individual probiotics to modulate blood glucose. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies and human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of <em>Bifidobacterium</em> (<em>BF</em>) probiotic supplementation on markers of glycemia. In a meta-analysis of 6 RCTs, <em>BF</em> supplementation had no effect on fasting blood glucose {FBG; mean difference [MD] = −1.99 mg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI): −4.84, 0.86], <em>P</em> = 0.13}, and there were no subgroup differences between subjects with elevated FBG concentrations and normoglycemia. However, <em>BF</em> supplementation reduced FBG concentrations in a meta-analysis comprised of studies utilizing animal models of obesity, MetS, or T2D [<em>n =</em> 16; MD = −36.11 mg/dL (CI: −49.04, −23.18), <em>P</em> < 0.0001]. Translational gaps from animal to human trials include paucity of research in female animals, <em>BF</em> supplementation in subjects that were normoglycemic, and lack of methodologic reporting regarding probiotic viability and stability. More research is necessary to assess the effects of <em>BF</em> supplementation in human subjects with elevated FBG concentrations. Overall, there was consistent evidence of the efficacy of <em>BF</em> probiotics to reduce elevated FBG concentrations in animal models but not clinical trials, suggesting that <em>BF</em> alone may have minimal effects on glycemic control, may be more effective when combined with multiple probiotic species, or may be more effective in conditions of hyperglycemia rather than elevated FBG concentrations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323013984/pdfft?md5=864e5955206d5fa6da355e38ca2d7f27&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323013984-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71489517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.004
Marcela D. Radtke , Francene M. Steinberg , Rachel E. Scherr
In the United States, college students experience disproportionate food insecurity (FI) rates compared to the national prevalence. The experience of acute and chronic FI has been associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes in this population. This narrative review aims to summarize the current methodologies for assessing health outcomes associated with the experience of FI in college students in the United States. To date, assessing the health outcomes of FI has predominately consisted of subjective assessments, such as self-reported measures of dietary intake, perceived health status, stress, depression, anxiety, and sleep behaviors. This review, along with the emergence of FI as an international public health concern, establishes the need for novel, innovative, and objective biomarkers to evaluate the short- and long-term impacts of FI on physical and mental health outcomes in college students. The inclusion of objective biomarkers will further elucidate the relationship between FI and a multitude of health outcomes to better inform strategies for reducing the pervasiveness of FI in the United States college student population.
{"title":"Methods for Assessing Health Outcomes Associated with Food Insecurity in the United States College Student Population: A Narrative Review","authors":"Marcela D. Radtke , Francene M. Steinberg , Rachel E. Scherr","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the United States, college students experience disproportionate food insecurity (FI) rates compared to the national prevalence. The experience of acute and chronic FI has been associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes in this population. This narrative review aims to summarize the current methodologies for assessing health outcomes associated with the experience of FI in college students in the United States. To date, assessing the health outcomes of FI has predominately consisted of subjective assessments, such as self-reported measures of dietary intake, perceived health status, stress, depression, anxiety, and sleep behaviors. This review, along with the emergence of FI as an international public health concern, establishes the need for novel, innovative, and objective biomarkers to evaluate the short- and long-term impacts of FI on physical and mental health outcomes in college students. The inclusion of objective biomarkers will further elucidate the relationship between FI and a multitude of health outcomes to better inform strategies for reducing the pervasiveness of FI in the United States college student population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323013935/pdfft?md5=973293d3d75e40c595d8d78bd1c97e1f&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323013935-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49685553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}