Pub Date : 2025-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100468
Antoine Abrieux , Mariana Barboza , Kristin Hirahatake , Hunter Jacobs , Harold H Schmitz , Sean H Adams , Justin B Siegel
Wine has long been studied for its cardioprotective effects, exemplified by the French paradox—the observation of relatively lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates in the French population despite high dietary cholesterol and saturated fat intake, historically attributed to resveratrol and other bioactive factors from wine consumption. Recent findings suggest that the moderate consumption of wine could impact health well beyond CVD risk, including effects on intestinal physiology and gut microbial diversity and function. For example, wine contains a rich array of polyphenols, organic acids, and oligosaccharides, which may interact with the gut microbiota to alter microbial communities and to promote metabolism of wine-derived compounds into a diverse range of xenometabolites (microbe-produced metabolites) with local and systemic effects on the host. This interplay underscores the potential mechanisms by which moderate wine consumption impacts gut and systemic health. Furthermore, because wine is often consumed with meals, there is a critical need to understand how specific foods intersect with wine’s chemical complexity to influence physiology in the gut and body-wide. This review explores how advancements in multiomics technologies can be leveraged to characterize wine’s “dark matter” and to consider interactions of wine components with complex food matrices to influence gut health. This framework holds potential to enhance our understanding of how moderate consumption of wine influences health and to inform the development of functional food innovations derived from wine’s molecular components.
{"title":"A Multiomics Framework to Unlock the Relationships between Wine, Food, and Gut Health","authors":"Antoine Abrieux , Mariana Barboza , Kristin Hirahatake , Hunter Jacobs , Harold H Schmitz , Sean H Adams , Justin B Siegel","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wine has long been studied for its cardioprotective effects, exemplified by the French paradox—the observation of relatively lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates in the French population despite high dietary cholesterol and saturated fat intake, historically attributed to resveratrol and other bioactive factors from wine consumption. Recent findings suggest that the moderate consumption of wine could impact health well beyond CVD risk, including effects on intestinal physiology and gut microbial diversity and function. For example, wine contains a rich array of polyphenols, organic acids, and oligosaccharides, which may interact with the gut microbiota to alter microbial communities and to promote metabolism of wine-derived compounds into a diverse range of xenometabolites (microbe-produced metabolites) with local and systemic effects on the host. This interplay underscores the potential mechanisms by which moderate wine consumption impacts gut and systemic health. Furthermore, because wine is often consumed with meals, there is a critical need to understand how specific foods intersect with wine’s chemical complexity to influence physiology in the gut and body-wide. This review explores how advancements in multiomics technologies can be leveraged to characterize wine’s “dark matter” and to consider interactions of wine components with complex food matrices to influence gut health. This framework holds potential to enhance our understanding of how moderate consumption of wine influences health and to inform the development of functional food innovations derived from wine’s molecular components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 100468"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-14DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100464
Jaqueline Munhoz, Vera Mazurak, Catherine J Field
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Although several preclinical studies support their potential to enhance cancer treatment efficacy, this has not yet been translated into clinical studies. Currently, there are no official recommendations for n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during cancer chemotherapy. This review examined human studies that supplemented DHA and/or EPA in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, aiming to evaluate n-3 LCPUFAs effects on immune outcomes. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases, including OvidMedline and the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s Clinical Study Database. Twelve studies were included in this review. EPA+DHA doses ranged from 0.6 to 4 g/d, and intervention durations ranged from 6 wk to 6 mo. Most of the studies demonstrated changes in some immune-related outcomes, including reductions in the blood markers of inflammation (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein), a lower incidence of adverse events, and the preservation of immune cell concentrations and functions (phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide production). However, caution is warranted due to the limited number of studies and the heterogeneity of study designs. This review discusses the limitations of current studies and the mechanistic evidence supporting the investigation and potential use of n-3 LCPUFAs during cancer chemotherapy. Future research should focus on addressing these limitations by conducting well-designed, large-scale clinical trials that clearly report the dose and duration of n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during specific chemotherapy regimens. Despite some promising outcomes, more evidence will be needed before recommending n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation as part of chemotherapy regimens aimed at attenuating chemotherapy-induced immune alterations.
{"title":"Perspective: Implications of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation on the Immune System during Cancer Chemotherapy: Perspectives from Current Clinical Evidence","authors":"Jaqueline Munhoz, Vera Mazurak, Catherine J Field","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Although several preclinical studies support their potential to enhance cancer treatment efficacy, this has not yet been translated into clinical studies. Currently, there are no official recommendations for n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during cancer chemotherapy. This review examined human studies that supplemented DHA and/or EPA in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, aiming to evaluate n-3 LCPUFAs effects on immune outcomes. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases, including OvidMedline and the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s Clinical Study Database. Twelve studies were included in this review. EPA+DHA doses ranged from 0.6 to 4 g/d, and intervention durations ranged from 6 wk to 6 mo. Most of the studies demonstrated changes in some immune-related outcomes, including reductions in the blood markers of inflammation (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein), a lower incidence of adverse events, and the preservation of immune cell concentrations and functions (phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide production). However, caution is warranted due to the limited number of studies and the heterogeneity of study designs. This review discusses the limitations of current studies and the mechanistic evidence supporting the investigation and potential use of n-3 LCPUFAs during cancer chemotherapy. Future research should focus on addressing these limitations by conducting well-designed, large-scale clinical trials that clearly report the dose and duration of n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during specific chemotherapy regimens. Despite some promising outcomes, more evidence will be needed before recommending n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation as part of chemotherapy regimens aimed at attenuating chemotherapy-induced immune alterations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100463
Justine B Coomson, Nick W Smith, Warren McNabb
More than two-thirds of women of reproductive age (WRA) in Africa are estimated to be micronutrient deficient. This is largely due to the widespread poor dietary quality and inadequate intakes of nutrient-dense foods to meet the heightened requirements for WRA. Food fortification is a cost-effective and highly recommended food-based approach for addressing these micronutrient deficiencies in low-income settings like Africa. The strategy has been implemented at different scales within the region for over 3 decades. We conducted a review to find evidence of the impact of food fortification implemented at various scales and across different population circumstances in Africa. We also sought to understand what factors may limit the impact of ongoing fortification programs on micronutrient status. We also explored findings regarding the knowledge and acceptability of fortified foods within the African population as a further barrier to the impact of food fortification on nutritional status. We found that fortification with iron and vitamin A was associated with the most variable impact from targeted and large-scale fortification programs. However, significant positive effects on nutritional status and serum biomarkers were found for food fortification with folate, iodine, and zinc among African women. Generally, fortified foods are acceptable to consumers; however, surveys assessing knowledge and preference for fortified foods found that WRA know little about food fortification and its benefits. Poor coverage of fortification, lower levels of fortificants than are recommended, and use of non-World Health Organization recommended fortificants limit the impact of food fortification on micronutrient intakes and status among WRA in Africa.
{"title":"Impacts of Food Fortification on Micronutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of Women of Reproductive Age in Africa—A Narrative Review","authors":"Justine B Coomson, Nick W Smith, Warren McNabb","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>More than two-thirds of women of reproductive age (WRA) in Africa are estimated to be micronutrient deficient. This is largely due to the widespread poor dietary quality and inadequate intakes of nutrient-dense foods to meet the heightened requirements for WRA. Food fortification is a cost-effective and highly recommended food-based approach for addressing these micronutrient deficiencies in low-income settings like Africa. The strategy has been implemented at different scales within the region for over 3 decades. We conducted a review to find evidence of the impact of food fortification implemented at various scales and across different population circumstances in Africa. We also sought to understand what factors may limit the impact of ongoing fortification programs on micronutrient status. We also explored findings regarding the knowledge and acceptability of fortified foods within the African population as a further barrier to the impact of food fortification on nutritional status. We found that fortification with iron and vitamin A was associated with the most variable impact from targeted and large-scale fortification programs. However, significant positive effects on nutritional status and serum biomarkers were found for food fortification with folate, iodine, and zinc among African women. Generally, fortified foods are acceptable to consumers; however, surveys assessing knowledge and preference for fortified foods found that WRA know little about food fortification and its benefits. Poor coverage of fortification, lower levels of fortificants than are recommended, and use of non-World Health Organization recommended fortificants limit the impact of food fortification on micronutrient intakes and status among WRA in Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100435
Brian Stansfield, Amy Gates
{"title":"Differences in Zinc Content in Preterm Human Milk May Depend on Your Definition of “Preterm”","authors":"Brian Stansfield, Amy Gates","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100440
Sasan Amanat , Aimee L Dordevic , Amy Brodtmann , Barbara R Cardoso
Poststroke cognitive decline is a major form of disability in stroke survivors. Although dietary interventions have shown potential in improving cognitive outcomes in stroke-free populations, their effects on stroke survivors remain unclear. This review aimed to evaluate associations between diet and cognitive function in stroke survivors. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CINHAL were searched for studies from inception to 16 December, 2024. Eligible articles were observational and interventional studies on adult stroke survivors that evaluated the association/effect of any nutritional exposure/intervention on cognitive performance and dementia risk. Studies were excluded when an intervention was combined with nonnutritional treatment. Random-effects meta-analysis was used for similar randomized clinical trials. This review included 20 clinical trials and 14 observational studies assessing the intake of energy and proteins and a variety of single nutrients, as well as dietary patterns, single foods, and phytochemicals. Meta-analyses revealed a positive effect of energy-protein supplementation on global cognition [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15, 1.08; P = 0.009], and a negative effect of B-vitamins (folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) (SMD: −0.40; 95% CI: −0.72, −0.08; P = 0.02). Adherence to the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay and plant-based diets, as well as higher consumption of fruits, milk, coffee, vitamin E, and selenium, were related to better cognitive outcomes; no significant association was observed for adherence to DASH and Mediterranean diets and consumption of vitamins D and C. Butter and sugar intake and calcium supplementation were associated with negative cognitive outcomes. Mixed results were seen for omega (ω)-3, tea, and plant extracts. The available evidence indicates that energy-protein supplementation may benefit cognition after stroke, whereas B-vitamin supplementation has no effect. The substantial heterogeneity among studies hinders conclusions about other dietary strategies.
This review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42024541785.
脑卒中后认知能力下降是脑卒中幸存者残疾的主要形式。虽然饮食干预已显示出改善无中风人群认知结果的潜力，但其对中风幸存者的影响仍不清楚。本综述旨在评估中风幸存者饮食与认知功能之间的关系。检索MEDLINE、Embase、Scopus和CINHAL从成立到2024年12月16日的研究。符合条件的文章是对成年中风幸存者的观察性和干入性研究，这些研究评估了任何营养暴露/干预与认知能力和痴呆风险的关联/影响。当干预与非营养治疗相结合时，研究被排除在外。随机效应荟萃分析用于类似的随机临床试验。这篇综述包括20项临床试验和14项观察性研究，评估了能量和蛋白质的摄入量，各种单一营养素，以及饮食模式，单一食物和植物化学物质。荟萃分析显示，补充能量蛋白对整体认知有积极影响（标准化平均差值（SMD）： 0.62, 95%可信区间（CI）： 0.15, 1.08, p = 0.009）， b族维生素（叶酸，B6和B12）有负面影响（SMD: -0.40, 95% CI: -0.72, -0.08, p = 0.02）。坚持地中海- dash干预神经退行性延迟（MIND）和植物性饮食，以及摄入更多的水果、牛奶、咖啡、维生素E和硒，与更好的认知结果有关；没有观察到坚持饮食方法来停止高血压（DASH）和地中海饮食以及维生素D和c的消耗与负面认知结果相关。黄油和糖的摄入以及钙的补充与负面认知结果相关。omega-3、茶和植物提取物的效果好坏参半。现有证据表明，补充能量蛋白可能有利于中风后的认知，而补充b族维生素则没有效果。研究之间的巨大异质性阻碍了对其他饮食策略的结论。本综述已在普洛斯彼罗（PROSPERO）注册。CRD42024541785)。意义声明：本系统综述提供了饮食与中风后认知结果之间关系的见解，表明补充能量蛋白可以增强中风幸存者的认知功能，而补充b族维生素可能会对认知结果产生负面影响。
{"title":"Associations between Diet and Cognitive Function in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Sasan Amanat , Aimee L Dordevic , Amy Brodtmann , Barbara R Cardoso","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poststroke cognitive decline is a major form of disability in stroke survivors. Although dietary interventions have shown potential in improving cognitive outcomes in stroke-free populations, their effects on stroke survivors remain unclear. This review aimed to evaluate associations between diet and cognitive function in stroke survivors. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CINHAL were searched for studies from inception to 16 December, 2024. Eligible articles were observational and interventional studies on adult stroke survivors that evaluated the association/effect of any nutritional exposure/intervention on cognitive performance and dementia risk. Studies were excluded when an intervention was combined with nonnutritional treatment. Random-effects meta-analysis was used for similar randomized clinical trials. This review included 20 clinical trials and 14 observational studies assessing the intake of energy and proteins and a variety of single nutrients, as well as dietary patterns, single foods, and phytochemicals. Meta-analyses revealed a positive effect of energy-protein supplementation on global cognition [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15, 1.08; <em>P</em> = 0.009], and a negative effect of B-vitamins (folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) (SMD: −0.40; 95% CI: −0.72, −0.08; <em>P</em> = 0.02). Adherence to the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay and plant-based diets, as well as higher consumption of fruits, milk, coffee, vitamin E, and selenium, were related to better cognitive outcomes; no significant association was observed for adherence to DASH and Mediterranean diets and consumption of vitamins D and C. Butter and sugar intake and calcium supplementation were associated with negative cognitive outcomes. Mixed results were seen for omega (ω)-3, tea, and plant extracts. The available evidence indicates that energy-protein supplementation may benefit cognition after stroke, whereas B-vitamin supplementation has no effect. The substantial heterogeneity among studies hinders conclusions about other dietary strategies.</div><div>This review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42024541785.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100455
Emily R Smith , Filomena Gomes , Seth Adu-Afarwuah , Victor M Aguayo , Shams El Arifeen , Zulfiqar A Bhutta , Ellen C Caniglia , Parul Christian , Delanjathan Devakumar , Kathryn G Dewey , Wafaie W Fawzi , Henrik Friis , Exnevia Gomo , Ousmane Guindo , Lotta Hallamaa , Sheila Isanaka , Pernille Kæstel , Carl Lachat , Ken Maleta , Sophie E Moore , Christopher R Sudfeld
Multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) in pregnancy reduces risk of infant low birthweight (LBW) and improves other maternal and infant outcomes compared with iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements alone. However, the impact of timing of initiation and adherence on the MMS effectiveness in real-world programs remains unclear. To address this, we conducted a 2-stage individual participant data meta-analysis that included 15 randomized trials (61,204 pregnant women) and assessed whether the relative effect of MMS differed by the following: adherence alone; adherence in combination with gestational age at initiation; and the total number of tablets taken. We also evaluated the observational association of these factors with outcomes among participants who received MMS. Compared with IFA supplements, the relative effect of MMS on the primary outcome of continuous birthweight was greater with higher adherence (P-interaction < 0.05). Among women who took ≥90% of supplements, MMS increased birthweight by 56 g (95% CI: 45, 67 g), whereas among women who took <60% of supplements, there was no difference in birthweight between MMS and IFA supplements [mean difference (MD): 9 g; 95% CI: −17, 35 g). Higher adherence was also associated with greater effect of MMS on LBW and birthweight-for-gestational age centile and women who took more supplements experienced a greater relative impact of MMS on birthweight-for-gestational age centile and small-for-gestational age births (SGA) as compared with IFA supplements. Observational analyses among participants who received MMS showed that ≥90% adherence was associated with increased birthweight (MD: 44 g; 95% CI: 31, 56 g) and lower risk of LBW [relative risk (RR): 0.93 g; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98 g] and small-for-gestational age (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98), whereas <75% adherence was associated with greater risk of stillbirth (RR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.83) and maternal anemia (RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.43) than 75%–90% adherence. Programs should invest in strategies that promote early initiation and high adherence to MMS.
This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022319207.
{"title":"Contribution of Maternal Adherence to the Effect of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis","authors":"Emily R Smith , Filomena Gomes , Seth Adu-Afarwuah , Victor M Aguayo , Shams El Arifeen , Zulfiqar A Bhutta , Ellen C Caniglia , Parul Christian , Delanjathan Devakumar , Kathryn G Dewey , Wafaie W Fawzi , Henrik Friis , Exnevia Gomo , Ousmane Guindo , Lotta Hallamaa , Sheila Isanaka , Pernille Kæstel , Carl Lachat , Ken Maleta , Sophie E Moore , Christopher R Sudfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) in pregnancy reduces risk of infant low birthweight (LBW) and improves other maternal and infant outcomes compared with iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements alone. However, the impact of timing of initiation and adherence on the MMS effectiveness in real-world programs remains unclear. To address this, we conducted a 2-stage individual participant data meta-analysis that included 15 randomized trials (61,204 pregnant women) and assessed whether the relative effect of MMS differed by the following: adherence alone; adherence in combination with gestational age at initiation; and the total number of tablets taken. We also evaluated the observational association of these factors with outcomes among participants who received MMS. Compared with IFA supplements, the relative effect of MMS on the primary outcome of continuous birthweight was greater with higher adherence (<em>P</em>-interaction < 0.05). Among women who took ≥90% of supplements, MMS increased birthweight by 56 g (95% CI: 45, 67 g), whereas among women who took <60% of supplements, there was no difference in birthweight between MMS and IFA supplements [mean difference (MD): 9 g; 95% CI: −17, 35 g). Higher adherence was also associated with greater effect of MMS on LBW and birthweight-for-gestational age centile and women who took more supplements experienced a greater relative impact of MMS on birthweight-for-gestational age centile and small-for-gestational age births (SGA) as compared with IFA supplements. Observational analyses among participants who received MMS showed that ≥90% adherence was associated with increased birthweight (MD: 44 g; 95% CI: 31, 56 g) and lower risk of LBW [relative risk (RR): 0.93 g; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98 g] and small-for-gestational age (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98), whereas <75% adherence was associated with greater risk of stillbirth (RR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.83) and maternal anemia (RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.43) than 75%–90% adherence. Programs should invest in strategies that promote early initiation and high adherence to MMS.</div><div>This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022319207.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100452
Morgan Boncyk , Jef L Leroy , Rebecca L Brander , Leila M Larson , Marie T Ruel , Edward A Frongillo
The global increase in early childhood overweight and obesity has prompted interest in early prediction of overweight and obesity to allow timely intervention and prevent lifelong consequences. A systematic review was conducted to assess the accuracy and feasibility of predicting overweight and obesity in individual children aged 3–7 y using data available in healthcare and community settings on children aged under 24 mo. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024509603) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. From 7943 unique articles identified through PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, 13 from high-income countries and 1 from a middle-income country. These studies evaluated the accuracy of predicting childhood overweight or obesity in individual children using anthropometrics-alone or multiple-predictor models. Anthropometrics-alone models yielded areas under the curve (AUCs) ≥ 0.56 with expert guidance and ≥0.77 with machine learning. Multiple-predictor models yielded AUC ≥ 0.68 with expert guidance and ≥0.76 with machine learning. The inclusion of child, parental, and community predictors improved predictive accuracy but led to greater variation in performance across models. Models were more accurate when children were older at the initial assessment, multiple assessments were made, and the time between assessment and outcome prediction was shorter. Prediction models with an AUC ≥ 0.70 used machine learning to optimize variable selection, limiting their practicality for broad-scale implementation in healthcare or community settings. There is insufficient evidence on the accuracy of overweight and obesity prediction models for children in low- and middle-income countries. Existing prediction models are not well-suited for broad-scale screening of individual children for risk of early childhood overweight or obesity.
{"title":"Accuracy of Using Weight and Length in Children under 24 mo to Screen for Early Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review","authors":"Morgan Boncyk , Jef L Leroy , Rebecca L Brander , Leila M Larson , Marie T Ruel , Edward A Frongillo","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global increase in early childhood overweight and obesity has prompted interest in early prediction of overweight and obesity to allow timely intervention and prevent lifelong consequences. A systematic review was conducted to assess the accuracy and feasibility of predicting overweight and obesity in individual children aged 3–7 y using data available in healthcare and community settings on children aged under 24 mo. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024509603) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. From 7943 unique articles identified through PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, 13 from high-income countries and 1 from a middle-income country. These studies evaluated the accuracy of predicting childhood overweight or obesity in individual children using anthropometrics-alone or multiple-predictor models. Anthropometrics-alone models yielded areas under the curve (AUCs) ≥ 0.56 with expert guidance and ≥0.77 with machine learning. Multiple-predictor models yielded AUC ≥ 0.68 with expert guidance and ≥0.76 with machine learning. The inclusion of child, parental, and community predictors improved predictive accuracy but led to greater variation in performance across models. Models were more accurate when children were older at the initial assessment, multiple assessments were made, and the time between assessment and outcome prediction was shorter. Prediction models with an AUC ≥ 0.70 used machine learning to optimize variable selection, limiting their practicality for broad-scale implementation in healthcare or community settings. There is insufficient evidence on the accuracy of overweight and obesity prediction models for children in low- and middle-income countries. Existing prediction models are not well-suited for broad-scale screening of individual children for risk of early childhood overweight or obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100454
Rashmi Agarwal , Jordi Salas-Salvadó , Estefanía Davila-Cordova , Sangeetha Shyam , María Fernández de la Puente , Maite Pérez Azurmendi , Nancy Babio , Albert Salas-Huetos
Environmental pollution, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy dietary patterns have been hypothesized as the main modifiable factors of human semen quality decline. The study aimed to assess the associations between an a priori-defined Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and semen quality parameters or medically assisted reproductive (MAR) outcomes in males. A systematic review was conducted with studies from PubMed, Embase, or Scopus databases until October 2024. A priori-defined MedDiet adherence was considered as exposure and conventional semen quality parameters as the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included MAR outcomes, reproductive hormone concentrations, and sperm DNA fragmentation. A quality assessment was performed using the NHLBI tool. Meta-analysis was conducted following Cochrane guidelines. A subgroup analysis was done for healthy participants and those from fertility clinics separately. A sensitivity analysis was performed to check the influential studies. A qualitative analysis was performed on 11 eligible articles (n = 2558 individuals). Data from 9 observational studies showed a positive association between the adherence to MedDiet and semen volume (1/9), sperm concentration (5/9 studies), count (5/9), total motility (5/9), progressive motility (4/9), vitality (1/9), normal morphology (2/9), or follicular stimulating hormone (1/9). Among these, the links between MedDiet adherence and MAR outcomes were prospectively explored only in 1 study, which reported no association. A total of 8 studies were eligible for meta-analysis (n = 1835 individuals). Total MedDiet adherence showed a significant positive association with sperm count (24.37 M spz.; 1.30–47.44; I2 = 89%), total motility (8.81%; 2.26–15.37; I2 = 88%), progressive motility (7.49%; 1.47–13.50; I2 = 86%), and normal morphology (1.02%; 0.21–1.82; I2 = 77%). Evidence from 2 randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of MedDiet on semen parameters aligns with the primary results. Evidence from observational studies and clinical trials shows potential benefit of adhering to a MedDiet in terms of seminal quality parameters, but not fertility outcomes.
This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024584003.
{"title":"Mediterranean Diet, Semen Quality, and Medically Assisted Reproductive Outcomes in the Male Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Rashmi Agarwal , Jordi Salas-Salvadó , Estefanía Davila-Cordova , Sangeetha Shyam , María Fernández de la Puente , Maite Pérez Azurmendi , Nancy Babio , Albert Salas-Huetos","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollution, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy dietary patterns have been hypothesized as the main modifiable factors of human semen quality decline. The study aimed to assess the associations between an a priori-defined Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and semen quality parameters or medically assisted reproductive (MAR) outcomes in males. A systematic review was conducted with studies from PubMed, Embase, or Scopus databases until October 2024. A priori-defined MedDiet adherence was considered as exposure and conventional semen quality parameters as the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included MAR outcomes, reproductive hormone concentrations, and sperm DNA fragmentation. A quality assessment was performed using the NHLBI tool. Meta-analysis was conducted following Cochrane guidelines. A subgroup analysis was done for healthy participants and those from fertility clinics separately. A sensitivity analysis was performed to check the influential studies. A qualitative analysis was performed on 11 eligible articles (<em>n</em> = 2558 individuals). Data from 9 observational studies showed a positive association between the adherence to MedDiet and semen volume (1/9), sperm concentration (5/9 studies), count (5/9), total motility (5/9), progressive motility (4/9), vitality (1/9), normal morphology (2/9), or follicular stimulating hormone (1/9). Among these, the links between MedDiet adherence and MAR outcomes were prospectively explored only in 1 study, which reported no association. A total of 8 studies were eligible for meta-analysis (<em>n</em> = 1835 individuals). Total MedDiet adherence showed a significant positive association with sperm count (24.37 M spz.; 1.30–47.44; <em>I</em><sup>2</sup> = 89%), total motility (8.81%; 2.26–15.37; <em>I</em><sup>2</sup> = 88%), progressive motility (7.49%; 1.47–13.50; <em>I</em><sup>2</sup> = 86%), and normal morphology (1.02%; 0.21–1.82; <em>I</em><sup>2</sup> = 77%). Evidence from 2 randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of MedDiet on semen parameters aligns with the primary results. Evidence from observational studies and clinical trials shows potential benefit of adhering to a MedDiet in terms of seminal quality parameters, but not fertility outcomes.</div><div>This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024584003.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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