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Adsorptive potential of apricot (Prunus Armeniaca) stone in the removal of Cr (VI) and Fe (II) ions from Aquatic Systems: Kinetic and isothermal investigations 杏(Prunus Armeniaca)石在去除水生系统中的铬(VI)和铁(II)离子方面的吸附潜力:动力学和等温线研究
IF 5.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100498
Mohamed Elsheref , Abdelmonaem Ahmed , Essam Elmelegy , Matthew A. Tarr , Wafaa Hammad , M.A. Darweesh
Biogenic adsorbents have emerged as a promising alternative to the traditional remediation techniques of heavy-metals contaminated water treatment. Using apricot (Prunus Armeniaca) stone as a naturally derived adsorbent, the current study provides a comprehensive analysis of the kinetic and isothermal characteristics associated with Cr (VI) and Fe (II) ion adsorption. The results show that 0.5 mg of the adsorbent removed approximately 90 % of Cr (VI) and Fe (II) ions from 100 ppm solutions within 120 min at 298 K at 300 rpm stirring speed. Equilibrium was attained within 90 to 120 min, with a significant increase in the removal percentage observed in the first 30–40 min for both metals compared to the subsequent 80–90 min. The optimal pH conditions for adsorption were determined to be acidic (pH = 1.5) for Cr (VI) and neutral (pH = 7) for Fe (II). The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second order model, while the isothermal equilibrium data best fit the Freundlich model over the Langmuir model. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters, including ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°, indicated that the sorption process is spontaneous, feasible, and endothermic. The response surface methodology (RSM) analysis showed a high level of accuracy in predicting the percent removal. These findings illustrate the effectiveness of apricot stone as a low-cost and environmentally conscious adsorbent, contributing to the development of sustainable water treatment technologies.
生物吸附剂已成为重金属污染水处理传统修复技术的一种有前途的替代品。本研究使用杏核作为天然吸附剂,全面分析了与 Cr (VI) 和 Fe (II) 离子吸附相关的动力学和等温特性。结果表明,0.5 毫克的吸附剂在 298 K、300 转/分钟的搅拌速度下,120 分钟内可从 100 ppm 溶液中去除约 90% 的六(Cr)和铁(Fe)离子。吸附剂在 90 至 120 分钟内达到平衡,与随后的 80 至 90 分钟相比,在最初的 30 至 40 分钟内,两种金属的去除率都有显著提高。吸附铬 (VI) 的最佳 pH 值为酸性(pH 值为 1.5),吸附铁 (II) 的最佳 pH 值为中性(pH 值为 7)。吸附动力学遵循伪二阶模型,而等温平衡数据最符合 Freundlich 模型而非 Langmuir 模型。此外,ΔG°、ΔH° 和 ΔS° 等热力学参数表明,吸附过程是自发、可行和内热的。响应面方法(RSM)分析表明,预测去除率的准确度很高。这些发现说明了杏核作为一种低成本、环保型吸附剂的有效性,有助于开发可持续的水处理技术。
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引用次数: 0
The characterisation of mercury pollution in the faeces of Baltic region breeding black storks 波罗的海地区繁殖黑鹳粪便中汞污染的特征
IF 5.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100499
Antonija Rimsa , Anda Abola , Rita Veilande , Zanda Brike , Gita Revalde , Atis Skudra , Maris Strazds
Mercury is a pollutant that negatively impacts wildlife's physical fitness, reproduction success, as well as foraging and migrating abilities; especially high risk is posed to the animals that consume fish as their main food source, such as black storks Ciconia nigra. The black stork is a sensitive and solitary bird species, whose populations in north-eastern Europe have declined in recent years for various reasons. In this study, we present the first-ever multi-year assessment of mercury pollution in black stork faeces, analysing samples collected over a six-year period (2018–2023) from 121 nests across Latvia. We found a temporal and spatial total mercury pollution pattern and a distinction between total mercury pollution in juvenile (range: 4.75–521.78 ng/g) and adult (range: 7.32–365.60 ng/g) black stork faeces. Total mercury concentrations also differed based on faeces colour – light faeces had a statistically significant lower mercury concentration than dark faeces. In addition, we tested juvenile black stork food samples gathered from the nests and found up to five times higher total mercury concentrations than the government-permitted limit. Causes for the variability of mercury pollution across different nest sites as well as between adult and juvenile black storks are still open for future studies.
汞是一种污染物,会对野生动物的体能、繁殖成功率以及觅食和迁徙能力产生负面影响;尤其是对以鱼类为主要食物来源的动物,如黑鹳(Ciconia nigra),风险更大。黑鹳是一种敏感的独居鸟类,近年来由于各种原因,其在欧洲东北部的种群数量有所下降。在这项研究中,我们首次对黑鹳粪便中的汞污染进行了多年评估,分析了六年期间(2018-2023 年)从拉脱维亚各地 121 个巢穴收集的样本。我们发现了总汞污染的时间和空间模式,以及黑鹳幼鸟(范围:4.75-521.78 纳克/克)和成鸟(范围:7.32-365.60 纳克/克)粪便中总汞污染的区别。粪便颜色不同,总汞浓度也不同--浅色粪便的汞浓度比深色粪便的汞浓度低,这在统计学上有显著差异。此外,我们还检测了从巢穴中采集的黑鹳幼鸟食物样本,发现总汞浓度比政府允许的限值高出五倍。不同巢穴以及成年和幼年黑鹳之间的汞污染差异原因仍有待今后研究。
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引用次数: 0
Pervasiveness and classification of microplastics in Landfill Leachate: Impacts, risks, and treatment efficiency 垃圾填埋场渗滤液中微塑料的普遍性和分类:影响、风险和处理效率
IF 5.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100502
Fouzia Zaman , Md Ashikur Rahman , Md. Morshedul Haque , Md. Ahedul Akbor , Shafi M. Tareq
Microplastics (MPs) in surface and groundwater in Bangladesh are a significant issue. The purpose of this research was to assess the possibility of landfill leachate acting as a potential origin of MPs and to determine if the surrounding surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) act as recipients. Furthermore, this research assessed the leachate treatment plant MP removal efficacy and MP risk assessment. The findings show that discharge leachate from the Matuail landfill contributes 3.5 × 108 particles per hour to the surrounding aquatic environment, with an average of 350 ± 10 MPs/L. MPs were found highly in SW and then in GW with an average of 1683 ± 70 and 614 ± 40 MPs/L, respectively, with 48.9% of MPs ranging from 0.1 mm to 0 .5mm. The dominant shapes were fibers and fragments. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE), and Polypropylene (PP) were the most common, and Polyurethane (PUR), Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) posed the greatest threat to the environment. The inefficient treatment method resulted in the release of 83.33% of MPs, indicating a low removal efficiency in the leachate. The inefficient removal rate leads to the highest pollutant load index for SW (2.18). Ultimately, the analysis of the nemerow pollution index (NPI), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), polymer hazard index (PHI), and potential ecological risk (Ei), revealed a minimal to extremely high range of contaminations. A clear link was obsevered between the particles shape and size throught the principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, it highlights the need for ongoing national surveillance of MPs considering the gravity of this contamination and indicates the importance of proactive management of landfill sites.
孟加拉国地表水和地下水中的微塑料 (MPs) 是一个重大问题。本研究的目的是评估垃圾填埋场沥滤液作为 MPs 潜在来源的可能性,并确定周围地表水 (SW) 和地下水 (GW) 是否作为接受者。此外,本研究还评估了渗滤液处理厂对 MP 的去除效果和 MP 风险评估。研究结果表明,马图艾尔垃圾填埋场渗滤液每小时向周围水生环境排放 3.5 × 108 个颗粒,平均浓度为 350 ± 10 MPs/L。在西南部发现的多孔微粒较多,然后是在西北部,平均分别为 1683 ± 70 MPs/L 和 614 ± 40 MPs/L,48.9%的多孔微粒介于 0.1 毫米至 0.5 毫米之间。主要形状为纤维和碎片。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析显示,低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚丙烯(PP)最为常见,而聚氨酯(PUR)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)和聚丙烯腈(PAN)对环境的威胁最大。低效处理方法导致 83.33% 的 MPs 被释放,这表明渗滤液的去除效率较低。低效去除率导致 SW 的污染物负荷指数最高(2.18)。最终,对新污染指数 (NPI)、污染因子 (CF)、污染负荷指数 (PLI)、聚合物危害指数 (PHI) 和潜在生态风险 (Ei) 的分析表明,污染范围从极小到极大。通过主成分分析(PCA),发现了颗粒形状和大小之间的明显联系。此外,考虑到这种污染的严重性,它强调了对 MPs 进行持续的国家监测的必要性,并指出了对垃圾填埋场进行积极管理的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Biostabilization of fecal sludge and tannery liming sludge: A novel approach 粪便污泥和制革厂石灰污泥的生物稳定化:一种新方法
IF 5.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100500
Md. Abul Hashem , Md. Enamul Hasan Zahin , Md. Anik Hasan , Mehedi Hasan , Tanvir Ahmed , Sk Shaker Ahamed , Md. Abu Hasan
Fecal sludge and tannery liming sludge management is essential for humans and the environment. The emitted amount of waste from two industries is reduced in composting leading to value-added products. This research focused on the effectiveness and feasibility of co-composting fecal sludge and hair-burning liming sludge from tannery. Fecal sludge was intermittently mixed with hair-burning liming sludge which also consisted of chicken manure and sawdust. Five piles (Pile 1, Pile 2, Pil3, Pile 4, and Pile 5) indicated respectively as P#1, P#2, P#3, P#4, and P#5, contained various ratios of composting materials were mixed, piled onto a horizontal bamboo frame, and observed for 120 days. To ensure a suitable oxygen supply, the composting piles were turned on in the thermophilic stage so that pathogens could not survive. The highest temperatures in the thermophilic stage were 39.0°C, 49.2°C, 55.7°C, 41.7°C, and 51.3°C. These referred to the respective piles P#1, P#2, P#3, P#4, and P#5. The Dewar stability index confirmed the stability of each composting pile, and the maximum degradation was found for P#3. The metals chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) in the final compost were found to be 38.1, 144.7, 15.1, 450.5, and 22.7 mg/kg, respectively. TCLP results reveal only an insignificant amount of metal leaching. Fecal coliform of the compost was below the standard level; Helminth eggs and Salmonella spp. were absent. SEM micrographs reflect the decomposition of composting materials. The maximum germination index and germination capacity of compost pile P#3 for compost-soil ratio 1:0 and 1:1 were 90%-92.8% and 100%, respectively. The present approach produced nutrient-enriched compost from fecal sludge and hair-burning liming sludge from a tannery emerges as a suitable solution for reducing solid wastes.
粪便污泥和制革厂石灰污泥管理对人类和环境至关重要。在堆肥过程中,这两个行业的废物排放量会减少,从而产生增值产品。这项研究的重点是对来自制革厂的粪便污泥和焚毛污泥进行联合堆肥的有效性和可行性。粪便污泥与焚毛污泥间歇性混合,焚毛污泥还包括鸡粪和锯屑。五堆(堆 1、堆 2、堆 3、堆 4 和堆 5)分别表示为 P#1、P#2、P#3、P#4 和 P#5,其中包含不同比例的堆肥材料,混合后堆放在水平竹架上,观察 120 天。为确保适当的氧气供应,堆肥在嗜热阶段被打开,使病原体无法存活。嗜热阶段的最高温度分别为 39.0°C、49.2°C、55.7°C、41.7°C 和 51.3°C。这分别指的是 P#1、P#2、P#3、P#4 和 P#5。杜瓦稳定性指数证实了每个堆肥堆的稳定性,其中 P#3 的降解程度最大。最终堆肥中金属铬(Cr)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、铁(Fe)和镍(Ni)的含量分别为 38.1、144.7、15.1、450.5 和 22.7 毫克/千克。TCLP 结果显示,金属沥滤量很小。堆肥中的粪大肠菌群低于标准水平;不含螺旋虫卵和沙门氏菌。SEM 显微照片反映了堆肥材料的分解情况。堆肥与土壤比例为 1:0 和 1:1 时,堆肥 P#3 的最高发芽指数和发芽率分别为 90%-92.8% 和 100%。本方法利用制革厂的粪便污泥和焚烧毛发的石灰污泥制成营养丰富的堆肥,是减少固体废物的合适解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of human and ecological health risks associated with the potentially toxic heavy metals in groundwater of Vellore city, Tamil Nadu, India 评估印度泰米尔纳德邦韦洛尔市地下水中潜在有毒重金属对人类和生态健康造成的风险
IF 5.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100497
Daggupati Sridhar , Sundaram Parimalarenganayaki
Groundwater pollution by heavy metals is a significant and alarming threat globally, through its chronic effect on human health and ecosystem. The current study evaluated the identification and risk assessment of heavy metals in groundwater of the Vellore city, Tamilnadu, India. Groundwater samples were collected from 32 locations over a continuous period of 2022–2023 for every three months on seasonal basis. The samples were analysed for pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Hardness and heavy metals (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, Al and Zn). The analysed mean concentrations of these heavy metals were found in the order: As > Cd > Pb > Ba >Zn >Al> Cu. Elevated concentrations of heavy metals were observed in 2022, likely influenced by rainfall and land use patterns. Heavy metals such as Al, As, Pb, and Cd exceeded the BIS limits and whereas Ba, Cu, and Zn concentrations remain within desirable limits. Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI) classified 41% as 'unfit for drinking'. Ecological risk indices (ERI) indicate significant contamination in 34% of samples, with Al and Pb being primary contributors. Non-carcinogenic health risk assessments reveal, chronic hazards, where children facing higher risks followed by men and women groups. Carcinogenic risk assessments indices such as Heavy metal pollution Index (HPI) shown 25% of samples in critical quality, Heavy metal Evaluation Index (HEI) evaluated all samples were in low contamination and Contamination Index (CI) shown 72% samples under high contamination posing high risk to humans. Probable Cancer Risk (PCR) values for As, Pb, and Cd exceed acceptable ranges across all demographic groups posing cancer risk to humans particularly children. The present study highlights the need for groundwater treatment and regulatory interventions to mitigate health and ecological risks due to the contamination of heavy metals in Vellore city.
重金属造成的地下水污染对人类健康和生态系统造成了长期影响,是全球范围内令人担忧的重大威胁。本研究对印度泰米尔纳德邦韦洛尔市地下水中重金属的识别和风险评估进行了评估。在 2022-2023 年期间,每三个月按季节从 32 个地点采集地下水样本。对样本的 pH 值、总溶解固体 (TDS)、硬度和重金属(Al、As、Ba、Cd、Cu、Pb、Al 和 Zn)进行了分析。分析发现,这些重金属的平均浓度依次为砷、镉、铅、钡、锌、铝、铜。2022 年观测到重金属浓度升高,这可能是受降雨和土地使用模式的影响。铝、砷、铅和镉等重金属超过了 BIS 的限值,而钡、铜和锌的浓度则保持在理想范围内。地下水质量指数 (GWQI) 将 41% 的地下水列为 "不适合饮用"。生态风险指数 (ERI) 显示,34% 的样本受到严重污染,铝和铅是主要污染源。非致癌健康风险评估显示,慢性危害中,儿童面临的风险较高,其次是男性和女性群体。致癌风险评估指数,如重金属污染指数(HPI)显示 25% 的样本处于临界质量,重金属评估指数(HEI)评估所有样本处于低污染,污染指数(CI)显示 72% 的样本处于高污染,对人体构成高风险。在所有人口群体中,砷、铅和镉的可能致癌风险(PCR)值都超过了可接受的范围,对人类尤其是儿童构成了致癌风险。本研究强调了对地下水进行处理和监管干预的必要性,以减轻韦洛尔市重金属污染对健康和生态造成的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Performance of intermittent sand and coke filters for the removal of size-ranged microplastics 间歇式砂焦过滤器去除大小不一的微塑料的性能
IF 5.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100494
Ana Pilar Martín-García, Ágata Egea-Corbacho, Ana Amelia Franco, Rocío Rodríguez-Barroso, María Dolores Coello, José María Quiroga
Microplastics (MPs) are a growing environmental problem that threaten living organisms, especially in water ecosystems. One of the main sources of MPs in water environments are wastewater treatment plants, which remove the majority of these micropollutants, but large amounts keep reaching the environment daily. To achieve a larger removal on MPs in wastewater, intermittent filtration sets as an efficient and cheap alternative. In this work, three laboratory-scale filters were tested, with different filtration media (sand, sand/coke and coke) to compare their performance with PP-spiked freshwater and real wastewater samples in removing MPs from different size ranges, from larger than 32 µm to 100 µm. Sand/coke and coke filters showed the best results, with a general microplastic removal efficiency of up to 92.79 ± 2.78 % for wastewater and 89.56 ± 2.19 % for PP-spiked water. This removal efficiency decreased with smaller MPs, reaching up to 90.87 ± 3.46 % for wastewater and 76.28 ± 8.54 % for PP-spiked water. Significant differences were found on efficiencies for PP-spiked water and wastewater, especially in the range from 32 to 63 µm, where biofilm formed on pores surface with wastewater filtration may play an important role for the removal of these MPs.
微塑料(MPs)是一个日益严重的环境问题,威胁着生物体,尤其是水生态系统中的生物体。废水处理厂是水环境中 MPs 的主要来源之一,虽然废水处理厂能去除大部分微污染物,但每天仍有大量微塑料进入环境。为了更大程度地去除废水中的 MPs,间歇过滤是一种高效、廉价的替代方法。在这项工作中,使用不同的过滤介质(沙、沙/焦炭和焦炭)对三种实验室规模的过滤器进行了测试,以比较它们与添加了聚丙烯的淡水和实际废水样本在去除不同尺寸范围(从大于 32 微米到 100 微米)的 MPs 方面的性能。沙/焦炭和焦炭过滤器的效果最好,对废水和添加 PP 的水的微塑料去除率分别为 92.79 ± 2.78% 和 89.56 ± 2.19%。随着微塑料含量的减少,去除率也随之降低,废水的去除率为 90.87 ± 3.46 %,添加 PP 的水的去除率为 76.28 ± 8.54 %。发现添加 PP 的水和废水的去除率存在显著差异,尤其是在 32 至 63 µm 的范围内,废水过滤时在孔表面形成的生物膜可能对这些 MPs 的去除起到了重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding the environmental fate and removal strategies of phenylurea herbicides: A comprehensive review 了解苯基脲类除草剂的环境归宿和清除策略:全面回顾
IF 5.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100496
Satya Sundar Mohanty , Pooja Singh , Shweta Nistala , Kaustubha Mohanty
Phenylurea herbicides have long been utilized in agricultural practices for their efficacy in weed control. They play a significant role in modern agriculture, aiding in crop protection. However, their extensive use raises concerns about their environmental fate and potential adverse impacts on ecosystems thus prompting extensive research into their fate and removal strategies. This comprehensive review explores the environmental fate of phenylurea herbicides, focusing on their persistence, mobility, and bioavailability. Furthermore, the ecological consequences of their presence, such as effects on non-target organisms and potential for bioaccumulation, have also been analysed. The review also provides an in-depth analysis of removal strategies, encompassing physical, chemical, and biological methods, highlighting their effectiveness and limitations. The present study offers insights into successful applications and challenges encountered in removing phenylurea herbicides from environmental matrices. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and environmental practitioners seeking a comprehensive understanding of phenylurea herbicides' and addressing the environmental risks associated with them, guiding efforts toward their safe and effective use while preserving environmental quality and biodiversity.
长期以来,苯基脲类除草剂因其控制杂草的功效而被广泛应用于农业实践中。它们在现代农业中发挥着重要作用,有助于保护作物。然而,它们的广泛使用引起了人们对其环境归宿和对生态系统潜在不利影响的担忧,从而促使人们对其归宿和清除策略进行广泛研究。本综述探讨了苯基脲类除草剂的环境归宿,重点关注其持久性、流动性和生物利用率。此外,还分析了苯脲类除草剂存在的生态后果,例如对非目标生物的影响和生物累积潜力。综述还深入分析了包括物理、化学和生物方法在内的清除策略,强调了这些方法的有效性和局限性。本研究深入探讨了从环境基质中去除苯基脲类除草剂的成功应用和遇到的挑战。本综述是研究人员、政策制定者和环境从业人员全面了解苯脲类除草剂和应对相关环境风险的宝贵资源,可指导人们在保护环境质量和生物多样性的同时,安全有效地使用苯脲类除草剂。
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引用次数: 0
Hesperetin-7-rutinoside mitigates erythrocyte dyslipidemia and oxidative stress induced by dichlorvos 橙皮素-7-芸香糖苷可减轻敌敌畏诱导的红细胞血脂异常和氧化应激反应
IF 5.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100495
Adio J. Akamo , Adetutu O. Ojelabi , Naomi M. Akamo , Boluwatife A. Olagunju , Oluwatobi T. Somade , Mary I. Olasoju , Ofem E. Eteng , Mushafau A. Akinsanya , Adedayo A. Adebisi , Taiwo S. Oguntona , Yusuf O. Aderibigbe , Adewale M. Taiwo , Iyabode A. Kehinde , Jacob K. Akintunde , Regina N. Ugbaja
In many rural and semi-urban areas of Nigeria, dichlorvos (DDVP) is a commonly utilized pesticide. However, it provokes remarkable health hazards, including erythrocyte toxicity. Hesperetin-7-rutinoside (Hesp-7-Rut), a citrus flavanone glycoside with antioxidant, anti-dyslipidemia and acetylcholinesterase-modulating properties has been investigated for its protective effects against various xenobiotic-mediated toxicities. This inquiry probed the chemotherapeutic role of Hesp-7-Rut in mitigating erythrocyte damage in rats. Forty-two rats were randomly `apportioned into seven groups (6 rats/group): control, DDVP alone (8 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹), DDVP + Hesp-7-Rut (50 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹), DDVP + Hesp-7-Rut (100 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹), DDVP + atropine (0.2 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹), Hesp-7-Rut only (50 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹), and Hesp-7-Rut only (100 mg.kg⁻¹day⁻¹). Rats were orally administered DDVP for 7 days followed by Hesp-7-Rut or atropine for another 14 days. Blood samples were collected to assess for biochemical assays. Hesp-7-Rut significantly (p < 0.05) rescinded DDVP-prompted increases in erythrocyte nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, cholesterol, phospholipids, and cholesterol: phospholipids ratio. Additionally, Hesp-7-Rut reversed DDVP-elicited decreases in red blood cell glutathione levels, activities of GST, SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and acetylcholinesterase. Overall, Hesp-7-Rut efficiently counteracts DDVP-elicited erythrocyte dysfunction by mitigating oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. These findings highlight the potential of Hesp-7-Rut as a promising therapeutic agent for mitigating the harmful effects of DDVP exposure.
在尼日利亚的许多农村和半城市地区,敌敌畏(DDVP)是一种常用杀虫剂。然而,它对健康的危害很大,包括红细胞毒性。橙皮素-7-芸香糖苷(Hesp-7-Rut)是一种柑橘黄酮苷,具有抗氧化、抗血脂异常和乙酰胆碱酯酶调节等特性。本研究探讨了 Hesp-7-Rut 在减轻大鼠红细胞损伤方面的化疗作用。42 只大鼠被随机 "分配 "为 7 组(每组 6 只大鼠):对照组、DDVP 单药组(8 毫克.千克-¹-天-¹)、DDVP + Hesp-7-Rut 组(50 毫克.公斤-¹天-¹)、DDVP + Hesp-7-Rut (100 毫克.公斤-¹天-¹)、DDVP + 阿托品(0.2 毫克.公斤-¹天-¹)、仅 Hesp-7-Rut (50 毫克.公斤-¹天-¹)和仅 Hesp-7-Rut (100 毫克.公斤-¹天-¹)。给大鼠口服 DDVP 7 天,然后再口服 Hesp-7-Rut 或阿托品 14 天。收集血液样本以进行生化检测。Hesp-7-Rut 能显著(p < 0.05)消除 DDVP 引起的红细胞一氧化氮、丙二醛、胆固醇、磷脂和胆固醇:磷脂比率的增加。此外,Hesp-7-Rut 还能逆转 DDVP 引起的红细胞谷胱甘肽水平、GST、SOD、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的降低。总之,Hesp-7-Rut 可通过减轻氧化应激、血脂异常和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制作用,有效抵消 DDVP 引起的红细胞功能障碍。这些研究结果突出表明,Hesp-7-Rut 有可能成为减轻 DDVP 暴露有害影响的治疗药物。
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引用次数: 0
A review of dye biodegradation in textile wastewater, challenges due to wastewater characteristics, and the potential of alkaliphiles 综述纺织废水中染料的生物降解、废水特性带来的挑战以及嗜碱性生物的潜力
IF 5.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100493
Tadele Assefa Aragaw
Thousands of synthetic dyes are used in the textile industry for fabric manufacturing. During the dyeing process, more than one-third of the dyes are not absorbed by the fabric and end up in wastewater. These dyes are toxic and carcinogenic, leading to significant environmental pollution, diminishing the aesthetic value of natural water bodies and posing threats to human health and aquatic biodiversity. Physicochemical treatment methods have been used to remove dyes but are neither economically feasible nor environmentally friendly. In contrast, biological treatment methods are cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally sustainable. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of textile dye biodegradation, the challenges posed by the characteristics of textile wastewater, and the potential of alkaliphilic microbes to address this issue. Additionally, it discusses the underlying mechanisms of dye biodegradation, the advantages of mixed cultures or microbial consortia over single microorganisms in dye degradation, and the factors affecting the degradation efficiency of microorganisms. Dye concentration and type, incubation temperature, pH, and time are identified as influential factors in the dye biodegradation process. Studies confirm that the standard biological treatment process using non-alkaliphilic microorganisms is ineffective for complete dye degradation and detoxification, as textile wastewater is alkaline and saline in nature. Therefore, alkaliphilic microbes are a potential alternative for textile dye wastewater treatment. These microorganisms can function under extreme conditions and produce various oxidoreductive enzymes, including azoreductase, laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase, which can be involved in the biodegradation process. Alkaliphilic microbes play a crucial role in dye biodegradation through their alternative metabolic pathways and adaptive response mechanisms, enabling them to survive under harsh conditions and making them highly efficient. Although these microbes have been studied in laboratory and pilot-scale experiments, further research is needed to assess their practicality in real-world applications.
纺织业使用数千种合成染料制造织物。在染色过程中,超过三分之一的染料没有被织物吸收,最终进入废水。这些染料具有毒性和致癌性,会造成严重的环境污染,降低天然水体的美学价值,并对人类健康和水生生物多样性构成威胁。物理化学处理方法已被用于去除染料,但既不经济也不环保。相比之下,生物处理方法具有成本效益、高效率和环境可持续性。本综述旨在全面概述纺织染料的生物降解、纺织废水特性带来的挑战以及嗜碱性微生物解决这一问题的潜力。此外,本文还讨论了染料生物降解的基本机制、混合培养物或微生物联合体在染料降解方面比单一微生物的优势,以及影响微生物降解效率的因素。染料浓度和类型、培养温度、pH 值和时间被认为是染料生物降解过程中的影响因素。研究证实,使用非嗜碱性微生物的标准生物处理工艺无法有效实现染料的完全降解和解毒,因为纺织废水的性质是碱性和含盐的。因此,嗜碱性微生物是纺织染料废水处理的潜在替代品。这些微生物可在极端条件下发挥作用,并产生各种氧化还原酶,包括偶氮还原酶、漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶,这些酶可参与生物降解过程。嗜碱微生物通过其替代代谢途径和适应性反应机制,在染料生物降解过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,使它们能够在恶劣的条件下生存,并具有很高的效率。虽然在实验室和中试规模的实验中对这些微生物进行了研究,但还需要进一步的研究来评估它们在实际应用中的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Inhalational exposure to heavy metals: Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment 重金属吸入暴露:致癌和非致癌风险评估
IF 5.4 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100485
Amir Hossein Khoshakhlagh , Safiye Ghobakhloo , Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska
Occupational exposure to heavy metals (HMs) in various activities might pose a severe risk to human health. A systematic review was undertaken to gather relevant studies on occupational exposure to HMs in various professions without time limitation and included all studies up to February 5, 2023. This study aimed to identify workplaces exposed to HMs, examine HM concentrations in different occupations, and assess the carcinogenic (CR) and non-carcinogenic (HQ) risks of inhalational exposure to these chemicals among employees. A systematic search in the Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases using standard keywords yielded 423 studies, 17 of which were included in the analysis. The present review included studies that met the requirements of the Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) criteria. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of HM in occupational environments were lower than the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) thresholds. In the reviewed studies, the unacceptable CR values were related to work environments such as temples, tobacco cafés, barbeque restaurants, and subways. Cr showed the highest contribution to the CR, followed by Cd > As > Co > Ni > Pb. Also, HQ values in activities related to the subway stations, surgical instrument production industries, and workplaces studied in Alexandropolis were higher than the acceptable level of 1. The most significant HQ values were associated with Ni. Therefore, according to the HQ and CR calculated, which were higher than the permissible values (1 for HQ and 1 × 10–6 to 1 × 10–4 for cancer risks) in the investigated jobs, biomonitoring of HMs in the body of employees is recommended.
在各种活动中接触重金属(HMs)可能会对人类健康构成严重威胁。我们进行了一项系统性综述,以收集各种职业接触 HMs 的相关研究,研究不受时间限制,包括截至 2023 年 2 月 5 日的所有研究。这项研究旨在确定暴露于 HMs 的工作场所,检查不同职业中 HMs 的浓度,并评估员工吸入暴露于这些化学品的致癌(CR)和非致癌(HQ)风险。通过使用标准关键词在 Scopus、Web of Science 和 PubMed 数据库中进行系统搜索,共获得 423 项研究,其中 17 项纳入分析。本综述包括了符合 "人群、暴露、参照物和结果(PECO)"标准要求的研究。结果表明,职业环境中 HM 的平均浓度低于美国国家职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH)的阈值。在所审查的研究中,无法接受的 CR 值与寺庙、烟草咖啡馆、烧烤店和地铁等工作环境有关。铬对 CR 的影响最大,其次是镉、砷、钴、镍、铅。此外,在亚历山大罗波利斯研究的地铁站、手术器械生产行业和工作场所的相关活动中,HQ 值均高于 1 的可接受水平。因此,根据计算得出的 HQ 和 CR 值(HQ 值高于允许值 1,癌症风险值高于允许值 1 × 10-6 至 1 × 10-4),建议对员工体内的 HMs 进行生物监测。
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Journal of hazardous materials advances
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