Journal of hazardous materials advances最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive review on sequestration of aqueous Cr (VI) over graphene based adsorbents","authors":"Rashmi Acharya ,&nbsp;Mika Sillanpää ,&nbsp;Saleh Al-Farraj","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cr (VI) causes several chronic diseases like skin, lung, bladder, and kidney cancer as it is extremely carcinogenic. The effluents containing Cr (VI) from various industries like leather tanneries, electroplating, stainless steel etc. contaminate the nearby natural water ecosystems for which the aquatic lives and downstream users suffer from plethora of diseases. Among the existing technologies such as ion exchange, solvent extraction, adsorption, chemical precipitation and electrochemical reduction, adsorption is found the most promising. Graphene based adsorbents (GBAs) are suitable for capturing Cr (VI) due to their excellent chemical stability, large surface area and innumerable surface active sites. Additionally, the OH, NH₂ and SH groups present on GBA surfaces sequester effectively the oxyanionic Cr (VI) species through ionic interaction, H bonding and ion exchange. Moreover, the presence of π electrons of carbocyclic rings and electron donating groups such as OH, COOH, OCH₃ etc. reduce these species to less toxic Cr (III). The present review consists of eight parts. The introduction section briefly depicts the sources of Cr (VI) contamination, its toxic effects, strengths and weaknesses of graphene. In the second part, the advantageous features of GBAs are highlighted. Third part comprises of the development of GBAs through functionalization and composite formation. Their adsorption performances are then systematically presented in terms of sorption parameters. Fifth part of the review emphasizes on the adsorption kinetics and isotherms models suitable for Cr (VI) capture. The plausible mechanism for efficient Cr (VI) uptake and its simultaneous detoxification is focused in the sixth part. The toxicity of GBAs on organisms was briefly out lined in the next part. Various challenges faced by these potential adsorbents and future research directions were addressed along with conclusive summary in the eighth part.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100670"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive chemical profiling of roadside soil and road dust of Delhi, India: Estimation of health risk and city fuel consumption","authors":"Manoj P. Singh ,&nbsp;Saroj Bhattacharyya ,&nbsp;Khorshed Chinu ,&nbsp;Rabeya Akter ,&nbsp;Christopher E. Marjo","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Roadside soil and dust are relatively underexplored as sources of toxic metal exposure in the massively urbanized city of Delhi. Here we report a large-scale study of 44 elements analyzed at 33 sites. Environmental exposure to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from toxic elements has been estimated for male, female and children of the city Delhi for the first time. The concentrations of 44 elements, including 16 Rare Earth Elements, were analyzed. The maps of the non-carcinogenic risk from 17 elements and the carcinogenic risks from 5 elements were prepared. Hotspots of city fossil fuel consumption were also mapped using the total carbon/nitrogen ratio of the soils. Lead isotope ratios support the anthropogenic accumulation of lead in soil and dust. The total Hazard Index (HI) values for the fine fraction of soil and dust were beyond the unity level (&gt;1) for males, females and were especially high in children. Excess cancer cases due to exposure of fine fractions of soil and dust were estimated for males (&gt;180,000), females (&gt;210,000) and children (&gt;21,000). These findings suggest that all inhabitants of Delhi are facing potential non-cancer and cancer risks. Data from this study also contributes to our understanding of the threat from toxic metals in urban soil and dust from other immensely urbanized global cities like Delhi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100668"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soils and rice grains (Oryza sativa) using a combination of probabilistic indices and carcinogenic risk modelling","authors":"Samuel Che Nde ,&nbsp;Lobina Gertrude Palamuleni ,&nbsp;Gabriel Sanjo Aruwajoye ,&nbsp;Rodrigue Yves M'pika Massoukou ,&nbsp;Guiem Richard ,&nbsp;Obono Mba Felicite ,&nbsp;Sammy Kipyego Bett","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural soils and crops are increasingly vulnerable to contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs), exacerbated by anthropogenic activities. This study evaluated the human health risks associated with PTEs (Cd, Cr, Hg, Cu, As, Zn, and Ni) contamination in agricultural soil and rice grains from different cultivated paddy soils. In this research, a modified Susceptible-Infected-Removed-Susceptible (SIRS) model, based on mathematical derivatives, was employed alongside the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment method to evaluate associated health risk through various indices. A total of 100 samples including soils and rice grains (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) were analysed using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Perkin Elmer Nixon 300Q). The mean concentration of Cr (43.56 mg/kg) in the soil of Vele, as well as Cr (43.48 mg/kg) and Ni (36.24 mg/kg) in the soils of Zoulla, exceeded the geochemical background values. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn in rice grains were within the limits set by the WHO/FAO, except for Ni in Djogoidi, which exceeded the WHO/FAO recommended value of 0.1 mg/kg. Additionally, Ni content in rice grains from Droumka was twice as high as the recommended WHO/FAO value. Similarly, the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of Cd, (3.53 mg/kg), Cu (3.25 mg/kg) and Zn (2. 59 mg/kg) for Djogoidi and Cd (4.44 mg/kg), Cu (3.22 mg/kg), Zn (2.44 mg/kg) for droumka were one to two-fold higher than one denoting higher potential to bioaccumulates toxic metals in the rice grains. Also, the carcinogenic risk factor assessment (CRFS) indicates a higher Hi value (4.49E+02) for children exceeding the critical value (threshold = 1) for carcinogenicity standards, indicating a very potential health risk. The results of the carcinogenic dynamic risk model also confirm a higher susceptibility to mortality over time due to the ingestion of contaminated crops. This is particularly evident for the following PTEs: As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn, which show an increasing trend in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>I</mi><mi>h</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, as the contamination factor increase, with α = 0.25. Therefore, targeted mitigation measures are necessary to be adopted for agricultural food protection from PTEs pollution in the area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100664"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemicals of emerging concern in wastewater treatment plants from Mendoza: Environmental study in a semiarid region of Argentina","authors":"Kathryn Proctor ,&nbsp;Jorgelina Altamirano ,&nbsp;Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>WBE aims to quantify community exposure, discover exposure-outcome associations, and trigger policy and technological or societal intervention strategies to promote exposure prevention and public health. This paper aimed to apply a WBE framework to identify a wide range of chemicals of emerging concern (CEC) in two wastewater secondary treatment plants from Mendoza, Argentina, which treated sewage is used for crop irrigation in a semiarid region. Thus, WBE plays a fundamental role in water reuse in a semiarid region stressed by water demand and scarcity. This is the first report of an extensive group of CEC in the liquid- and solid particulate matter (SPM)-phase of inlet and outlet samples of WWTP of Argentina. It aimed to estimate capita usage and the removal efficiency of the studied WWTPs. This is also a unique testing site for the treatment process – an biologically activated open sky serial lagoons vs heavily engineered activated sludge treatment process. Of the 138 CECs targeted in this study, 74 were detected in liquid-phase wastewater influent. Among the most prevalent CEC groups were analgesics/metabolites, and antidepressants/metabolites. Out of the 96 compounds analysable in suspended particulate matter (SPM), 36 were detected. SPM accounted for approximately 2 % at WWTP-A and 6 % at WWTP-B of the total analysed CEC load with SPM enriched with antibiotics and UV filers. Population normalised loads showed little inter-day variation for most of the CECs between the two WWTPs indicating community-driven usage of CECs. Lagoon-based wastewater treatment process utilised in the study sites showed variable removal efficiency with &gt;80 % parabens removal but suboptimal (&lt;50 %) removal of benzophenones and bisphenol A. Antibiotics showed variable removal rates with trimethoprim, triclosan, metronidazole, ofloxacin exceeding 60 %, while little or no removal (&lt;60 %) was observed for clarithromycin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. Most cardiovascular drugs, antihistamines, and antiepileptics were poorly removed (&lt;50 %) while antidepressants, NSAiDs/analgesics showed much higher removal rates (&gt;60 %). Variable, but high, removal rates were observed for illicit drugs, e.g. with cocaine removal &gt;70 % vs benzoylecgonine's removal &lt;30 % as benzoylecgonine is cocaine's transformation by-product. Comparison of per capita usage of CECs in Argentina and the UK showed that cities tested in the two countries had comparable per capita usage of many pharmaceuticals with differences observed for antidepressants (much higher usage of venlafaxine in Argentina), cardiovascular drugs (much higher usage of valsartan in Argentina), exposure to bisphenol A (higher in the UK) and illicit drugs usage (with higher cocaine use in Argentina vs MDMA in the UK).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100662"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics in coastal and marine environments: A critical issue of plastic pollution on marine organisms, seafood contaminations, and human health implications","authors":"Rebecca Muñiz ,&nbsp;Md Saydur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic has quickly become one of the world's most prevalent environmental pollutants. Population growth has only amplified the demand, resulting in 430 million tons of plastic produced annually, with 11 million tons ending up in our oceans. Without intentional intervention, plastic waste in the oceans is expected to triple, posing severe risks for the aquatic ecosystems, animals, and humans dependent on these waters. As plastic accumulates in oceans and other water environments, the non-biodegradable particles break down into micro- and nano-plastics, invading coastal and marine organisms and causing considerable physiological and morphological damage. This is especially concerning for the millions of people globally who rely on seafood as a primary protein source and depend on healthy oceans for their livelihoods. Among marine species, filter-feeding bivalve mollusks like oysters, mussels, and scallops play an essential role as bioindicators of water quality and ocean health. Yet, marine mollusks are also the most consumed raw seafood, meaning that any toxins or pollutants that accumulate within their bodies—including microplastics—are directly ingested by humans. With increasing microplastic pollution, mollusks are ingesting more of these particles, posing a direct risk to human health. This article critically summarizes the history and classifications of microplastics and their effects on fish and shellfish species, including how oxidative stress and antioxidant levels in these organisms respond to an increase/decrease in microplastic exposure. Additionally, it explores the potential human health impacts of consuming microplastic-burdened seafood, particularly shrimp, clamps, crabs, and oysters, and other risks for human and environmental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100663"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Intelligent Deep Learning based Classification with Vehicle Routing Technique for municipal solid waste management","authors":"Nasreen Banu Mohamed Ishaque,&nbsp;S. Metilda Florence","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Municipal solid waste (MSW) management is a critical challenge in urban areas due to increasing waste production and its environmental impact. This study presents an Intelligent Deep Learning-driven Classification with Vehicle Routing (IDLCVR-MSW) system to enhance waste classification accuracy and optimize transportation efficiency. The classification model integrates YOLOv3 for object detection, enhanced with ResNet-50 and XGBoost, achieving a high accuracy of 98.88 %, surpassing existing models such as MobileNetV2 and ResNet-50. To optimize waste collection routes, an Improved Moth Flame Optimizer (IMFO) incorporating Levy flight is implemented, reducing transportation costs by 15–20 % and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 12–18 % compared to traditional methods like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Experimental validation on real-world datasets confirms the model's effectiveness in improving operational efficiency and sustainability. The proposed system supports smart city initiatives by reducing waste collection costs, minimizing environmental impact, and promoting efficient resource utilization. Future work should explore IoT-enabled smart bins and renewable-energy-based waste collection vehicles to further enhance waste management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100655"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring to advance plastic risk assessment research","authors":"Nicholas M.K. Rogers ,&nbsp;Moshe Herzberg ,&nbsp;Ines Zucker","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The risk of plastic pollution in the environment is extensive, affecting various matrices and organisms, as well as processes and co-transport of other contaminants. To sufficiently address this complex, multi-dimensional challenge, the span of methods and instrumentation to plastic research must be equally diverse. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) is an acoustic sensing piezoelectric instrument that can offer unique information relating to both the extent and mechanisms of interactions of plastics in the environment. But, thus far, QCM-D has been highly underutilized and misinterpreted to study environmental plastic fate. When considering the wider breadth of plastic studies, QCM-D plastic research will help to complement current life cycle assessments of plastic fate in environmental systems. In this review, the unique applications of QCM-D pertaining to environmentally relevant plastic research are examined. Through surveying forty-five peer-reviewed articles—which fall into four primary categories—both gathered knowledge and the shortcomings of current QCM-D research on plastics are highlighted. These shortcomings include a narrow range of tested plastics and environmental conditions, as well as neglecting the mechanical compliance of the particle-surface contact. Furthermore, recommendations for the expansion of QCM-D plastic research are provided, with foci including mechanisms of plastic attachment/detachment, targeted detection, and complementary theoretical modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100660"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of biowaste potential in Gedeo Zone: A step toward advanced biogas and biofertilizer production in future for sustainable waste management","authors":"Abu Duguma Debele ,&nbsp;Jemal Adam ,&nbsp;Birhanu Assefa ,&nbsp;Workineh Mengesha Fereja","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Resource depletion is at an all-time high, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable development that balances ecological and economic perspectives. As societies grow, effective resource management is crucial to meet the needs of both present and future generations. Waste generation, once seen as a burden, now holds the potential to create wealth and employment through innovative management strategies. This study explores the potential of biowaste for biofertilizer and biogas production in the study area by quantifying waste generation from households, commercial units, streets, and marketplaces while examining its composition in relation to socioeconomic factors. Findings reveal average biowaste generation rates of 0.97 ± 0.20 kg/person/day from households, 12.8 ± 3.05 kg/day from commercial units, 10.53 ± 1.12 kg/day from marketplaces, and 9.37 ± 1.15 kg/day from streets. The biowaste composition includes 45 % fruit, 33 % vegetation, and 15 %-yard waste, with other organic waste types making up 7 %. The study also assessed the physical properties of the bio waste, showing high moisture content (60.1–80 %) and volatile matter (80–85 %), with an average caloric value of 2,600 kcal, indicating its suitability for composting and anaerobic digestion. Annually, approximately 335,573 tons of biowaste could be collected from households, alongside 3,724 tons from commercial sources. This could yield up to 169,675 tons of compost/year or generate a biogas potential of 10,180,500 m³/year, with actual production at 9,162,450 ± 148 m³. This study emphasizes the significant potential of biowaste as a valuable resource, enhancing waste management practices and promoting environmental protection in developing countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological treatment of acid mine drainage: An eco-sustainable strategy for removal of toxic pollutants","authors":"Adegoke Isiaka Adetunji ,&nbsp;Mariana Erasmus","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The indiscriminate discharge of acid mine drainage (AMD) from mine sites and other industrial operations has been a great concern, resulting in serious environmental and public health hazards. The waste stream consists of high concentrations of toxic organic and inorganic substances, warranting its treatment before disposal. Over the years, traditional physicochemical approaches, including membrane separation and ion exchange have been employed for AMD treatment. However, these techniques are unsatisfactory due to high operational costs, operational difficulties, and the release of secondary pollutants. Therefore, biological remediation strategies involving the application of microorganisms, plants, or plant-microbe interactions have increasingly gained attention as a green and sustainable solution for eliminating toxic pollutants present in the AMD. In addition, beneficial value-added products, including metals, rare earth elements, and elemental sulfur can be recovered from the acidic mine water, thus promoting wastewater management and reuse. The present review provides insights into the applicability of various biological technologies in the removal of toxic pollutants present in AMD. In addition, it discusses multiple beneficial valuable products that can be recovered from the acidic mine water, using biological approaches. Some constraints impeding commercial remediation of AMD as well as recommendations for future perspectives are also highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly effective lead removal by novel alkaline biochar prepared by pyrolysis of woody biomass impregnated with low-level NaOH","authors":"Qiangu Yan ,&nbsp;Neda Arabzadeh Nosratabad ,&nbsp;Xiangwei Du ,&nbsp;Timothy Ketelboeter ,&nbsp;Caixia Wan ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated environments, particularly those polluted with lead (Pb), remains a critical challenge due to the metal's toxicity and persistence. This study developed a novel alkaline biochar for enhanced Pb adsorption, prepared from pine wood through low-level NaOH (0–2 wt%) dry impregnation followed by pyrolysis at temperatures ranging from 350 to 600 °C. Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) elucidated the alkaline biochar's surface modifications and adsorption mechanisms. Adsorption studies showed that 2 % NaOH-modified biochar (2 % NaOH-BC) achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 230 mg g⁻¹, representing a 14-fold improvement over non-alkaline treated biochar (0 % NaOH-BC, 16.1 mg g⁻¹). Kinetic studies confirmed chemisorption as the dominant mechanism, described by the pseudo-second-order model, while Langmuir isotherm analysis (R² = 0.933–0.970) indicated monolayer adsorption. XPS analysis revealed the emergence of Pb²⁺ peaks after adsorption, indicating successful Pb²⁺ uptake. The analysis provided insights into the adsorption mechanism, suggesting ion exchange and coordination interactions involving oxygen-containing functional groups. Electrostatic interactions also played a role, as increasing pH (3.0–11.0) enhanced Pb²⁺ binding due to surface deprotonation, with optimal adsorption at pH 11.0 (266 mg g⁻¹, 100 % efficiency). Additionally, desorption studies demonstrated effective recyclability, with the 2 % NaOH-BC retaining 60.59 % of its adsorption capacity after four cycles. These findings highlight the potential of low-cost NaOH-treated biochar for effective and sustainable Pb remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}