Journal of hazardous materials advances最新文献_第6页

Priority list of emerging contaminants in domestic wastewater treatment plants and their removal by different secondary treatment methods 生活污水处理厂新出现污染物的优先清单及其不同二级处理方法的去除

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100969

Aishwarya Pandey , Ikuro Kasuga , Hiroaki Furumai , Futoshi Kurisu

In this study, the contributions of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to emerging contaminants in the environment were monitored. Samples were collected at nine WWTPs with sampling on three separate days at each WWTP. The WWTPs used the different secondary treatment methods as follows: conventional activated sludge (WWTPs 1, 2, and 9), aerobic contact oxidation (WWTPs 5 and 6), and oxidation ditch (WWTPs 3, 4, 7 and 8). A significant matrix effect was observed in primary effluent samples but not in secondary and final effluent samples. The matrix effect was more pronounced during sample preparation using solid-phase extraction. Triethylene glycol dimethyl ether and glycidyl methacrylate had high removal rates (> 50 %) with all three treatment methods. By contrast, tebuconazole and bromobutide had low removal rates or were not removed by any of the treatment methods. Thirteen compounds in various chemical classes were prioritized on the basis of their concentrations in the final effluent relative to their predicted no-effect concentrations. These compounds were surfactants (diethanolamine and N-methyldidecylamine), an industrial solvent (dicyclohexylamine), herbicides (2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid, bromobutide, and butachlor/pretilachlor), an antiseptic (triclosan [and its chlorinated adducts]), industrial chemicals (hexamethylene diacrylate, pyridine, and decanoic acid), plasticizers (tributyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate), and a corrosion inhibitor (N,N-dimethyldodecylamine). Our results imply that WWTPs are sources of these compounds in the environment. These compounds could threaten ecosystems in receiving waterbodies and future studies should monitor release of these emerging contaminants from WWTPs.

在本研究中，监测了污水处理厂（WWTPs）对环境中新出现污染物的贡献。在9个污水处理厂收集样本，每个污水处理厂分别在3天采样。污水处理厂采用了不同的二级处理方法：常规活性污泥（WWTPs 1、2和9）、好氧接触氧化（WWTPs 5和6）和氧化沟（WWTPs 3、4、7和8）。在一次流出样品中观察到显著的基质效应，但在二次和最终流出样品中没有观察到基质效应。在固相萃取制备样品时，基质效应更为明显。三种处理方法对三乙二醇二甲醚和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的去除率均较高（50%）。相比之下，戊康唑和溴丁肽的去除率较低，或者任何一种处理方法都不能去除。不同化学类别的13种化合物根据其在最终流出物中的浓度相对于其预测的无影响浓度进行了优先处理。这些化合物是表面活性剂（二乙醇胺和N-甲基二癸胺）、工业溶剂（二环己胺）、除草剂（2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸、溴丁酸和丁草胺/甲草胺）、防腐剂（三氯生[及其氯化加合物]）、工业化学品（六亚乙烯二丙烯酸酯、吡啶和癸酸）、增塑剂（磷酸三丁酯和磷酸三甲酯）和缓蚀剂（N，N-二甲基十二癸胺）。我们的研究结果表明，污水处理厂是环境中这些化合物的来源。这些化合物可能威胁接收水体的生态系统，未来的研究应监测这些新出现的污染物从污水处理厂释放的情况。

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引用次数: 0

Systematic evaluation of food design, treatments, packaging and storage conditions on microplastic concentrations in complex matrices 系统评价食品设计、处理、包装和储存条件对复杂基质中微塑料浓度的影响

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100972

Guyu Peng , Orasai Faikhaw , Bibiana Juan , Thorsten Reemtsma

Worldwide, 44 % of plastic products are used as packaging materials, exposing humans to micro(nano)plastics potentially through food ingestion. Here, we evaluated the microplastic concentrations throughout the pre-consumption phase, considering the effects of food design (milk, plant milk and orange juice), treatment (thermal), packaging (glass and polypropylene) and storage duration (0, 90 and 180 days). Due to the rich organic matter in food samples, >12 digestion protocols were tested and optimized to establish matrix-specific digestion protocols. Microplastics (> 10 μm) from milk, tiger nut milk and orange juice samples were quantified using micro-Fourier-transform infrared (µ-FTIR) imaging. The microplastic concentrations were 37 ± 34 n/100 mL milk, 18 ± 19 n/100 mL tiger nut milk, and 62 ± 68 n/100 mL orange juice samples, suggesting that acidic food environments released more microplastics. PP was the most frequently detected polymer, followed by polyethylene terephthalate fibers and polystyrene, indicating the contribution from plastic packaging and the ambient environment. No significant difference was observed among thermally treated and non-treated, or various storage duration groups for the three food types. A majority (69 %) of detected microplastics were below 50 µm. Chemometric analyses revealed spectral interference from the matrix with the IR spectra of plastic polymers. This study provides the first systematic evaluation of the MP concentrations across multiple food types during commercial food processing, packaging and storage steps pre-consumption, that determined human exposure to microplastics via food intake to guide future mitigation strategies.

在世界范围内，44%的塑料制品被用作包装材料，人类可能通过食物摄入而接触到微（纳米）塑料。在这里，我们评估了整个消费前阶段的微塑料浓度，考虑了食品设计（牛奶、植物奶和橙汁）、处理（热）、包装（玻璃和聚丙烯）和储存时间（0,90和180天）的影响。由于食品样品中含有丰富的有机物，我们对12种消化方案进行了测试和优化，以建立基质特异性消化方案。采用微傅里叶变换红外（µftir）成像技术对牛奶、虎坚果奶和橙汁样品中的微塑料（> 10 μm）进行定量分析。微塑料浓度分别为37±34 n/100 mL牛奶、18±19 n/100 mL虎坚果奶和62±68 n/100 mL橙汁样品，表明酸性食品环境释放的微塑料更多。PP是最常检测到的聚合物，其次是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维和聚苯乙烯，这表明塑料包装和周围环境的贡献。三种食品在热处理组和未热处理组、不同贮藏时间组间均无显著差异。大多数（69%）检测到的微塑料小于50µm。化学计量分析显示基质与塑料聚合物的红外光谱存在光谱干扰。本研究首次对商业食品加工、包装和储存过程中多种食品类型的微塑料浓度进行了系统评估，确定了人类通过食物摄入接触微塑料的情况，以指导未来的缓解策略。

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引用次数: 0

An innovative approach to visualizing heavy metal pollution risk in chernozem soils: Leveraging the fuzzy logic algorithm 黑钙土重金属污染风险可视化的创新方法：利用模糊逻辑算法

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100970

Guohao Xie , Yang Yang , Yao Zhang , Tian Zhang , Weiping Chen

Accurate control of soil heavy-metal (HM) contamination requires source identification that remains reliable under spatial heterogeneity. This study integrates fuzzy classification with positive matrix factorization (FC–PMF) to visualize continuous membership fields and quantify probabilistic source contributions. Cadmium (Cd) was apportioned primarily to agricultural inputs (66.3%) with a secondary atmospheric component (33.7%); membership surfaces resolved fertilizer-linked Cd hotspots in long-term intensively cultivated fields where Cd exceeded 0.16 mg kg⁻¹. The Impact Index of Comprehensive soil Quality (IICQ) classified 75.0%, 19.8%, and 5.2% of units as uncontaminated, slightly contaminated, and moderately contaminated, respectively. For human health risk, a Cd hazard index (HI_Cd)—aggregating ingestion, dermal, and inhalation pathways as a comparative indicator—co-located with agricultural memberships, with ingestion contributing most. Joint IICQ–HI_Cd overlays on the membership canvas highlighted risk clusters where multiple drivers co-act, particularly fertilizer-linked zones. The framework explicitly mitigates uncertainties arising from overlapping source profiles and localized hotspots, which can blur signals in PMF-only or thresholded maps, and it provides a consistent canvas to overlay ecological and health metrics for risk zoning. By coupling chemically interpretable factors with graded memberships, FC–PMF yields policy-ready maps that sharpen hotspot detection, clarify process co-occurrence, and support targeted remediation in intensively managed chernozem agroecosystems.

土壤重金属污染的准确控制需要在空间异质性下保持可靠的污染源识别。该研究将模糊分类与正矩阵分解（FC-PMF）相结合，实现连续隶属域的可视化和概率源贡献的量化。镉（Cd）主要分配给农业投入物（66.3%），其次是大气成分（33.7%）；成员表解决了长期精耕细作的农田中与肥料相关的镉热点问题，那里的镉超过0.16 mg kg毒血症。土壤综合质量影响指数（IICQ）将75.0%、19.8%和5.2%的单位划分为未污染、轻度污染和中度污染。就人类健康风险而言，镉危害指数（HICd）——综合摄入、皮肤和吸入途径作为比较指标——与农业成员共同定位，其中摄入贡献最大。IICQ-HICd在成员画布上的联合覆盖突出了多个驱动因素共同作用的风险集群，特别是与肥料相关的区域。该框架明确减轻了由重叠的源剖面和局部热点引起的不确定性，这些不确定性可能会模糊仅pmf或阈值图中的信号，并且它为覆盖生态和健康指标提供了一致的画布，用于风险分区。通过将化学可解释因子与分级隶属度相结合，FC-PMF生成了便于制定政策的地图，这些地图可以加强热点检测，阐明过程共发生，并支持在集约管理的黑钙土农业生态系统中进行有针对性的修复。

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引用次数: 0

Elevated thallium enrichment, source, and health risks in soils surrounding a lead–zinc smelter, Southwest China 西南地区某铅锌冶炼厂周边土壤铊富集、来源及健康风险

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100968

Qiuyue Chen , Yuqiang Liu , Weishi Li , Wenhan Zhao , Haixue Li , Qifei Huang , Yanmei Yang , Tingtao Bi , Jie Long

While soil pollutants such as As, Pb, Zn, and Cd are well studied, knowledge of the distribution, source identification, and risks of highly toxic thallium (Tl) remains insufficient. Analysis of 601 soil samples across 175 sites at a Pb–Zn smelter in southwestern China revealed an average Tl concentration of 3.91 mg/kg (range: 0.31-71.60 mg/kg). The highest Tl content (71.6 mg/kg) occurred at 0-0.5 metres depth in capacity restoration areas, exceeding crustal abundance and Chinese soil background values by 159.11-fold and 122.60-fold, respectively. The capacity restoration areas experienced peak contamination, followed by Metallurgical Plant II. Principal component analysis indicated that mining activities (contribution rate: 38.95 %), atmospheric deposition, transport (contribution rate: 30.59 %), and rainfall (contribution rate: 25.93 %) constitute the primary sources of pollution. The pollution indicators and risk assessments revealed Pb, Cd, and Zn as the main cumulative contaminants, with higher risk indicators than the other heavy metals (HMs). Probabilistic health risk assessments indicate that carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks primarily arise from exposure pathways, including oral ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation. The average HIs for adults and children were 9.35E+06 and 4.98, respectively. The average TCR was 9.78E-04 for adults and 3.26E-03 for children. Unacceptable noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from HMs were detected for both children and adults, with Pb and Cd posing greater risks than Zn and Tl. This study offers critical support for controlling soil pollution, especially Tl, in Pb–Zn smelting areas.

虽然砷、铅、锌和镉等土壤污染物已经得到了很好的研究，但对剧毒铊（Tl）的分布、来源鉴定和风险的了解仍然不足。对中国西南地区某铅锌冶炼厂175个地点601份土壤样品的分析显示，平均Tl浓度为3.91 mg/kg（范围：0.31-71.60 mg/kg）。在能力恢复区0 ~ 0.5 m深度Tl含量最高（71.6 mg/kg），分别是地壳丰度和中国土壤背景值的159.11倍和122.60倍。产能恢复区污染达到峰值，其次是冶金二厂。主成分分析表明，采矿活动（贡献率38.95%）、大气沉降、运输（贡献率30.59%）和降雨（贡献率25.93%）是主要污染源。污染指标和风险评价显示，Pb、Cd和Zn是主要的累积污染物，其风险指标高于其他重金属。概率健康风险评估表明，致癌性和非致癌性风险主要来自暴露途径，包括口服摄入、皮肤接触和吸入。成人和儿童的平均HIs分别为9.35E+06和4.98。成人的平均TCR为9.78E-04，儿童为3.26E-03。对儿童和成人的非致癌性和致癌性风险均为不可接受的，其中Pb和Cd的风险高于Zn和Tl。该研究为控制铅锌冶炼地区的土壤污染，特别是Tl污染提供了重要支持。

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引用次数: 0

From coffee waste to wastewater treatment: Optimization of hydrothermal carbonization and H₃PO₄ activation for Cr(VI) adsorption 从咖啡废渣到废水处理：水热炭化和H₃PO₄活化对Cr（VI）吸附的优化

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100966

Caroline Piccoli Miranda de Freitas , Gabriel De Freitas Batista , Mariele Dalmolin da Silva , Manuel Checa Gomez , Pablo J. Arauzo , Fernando França da Cunha , Andrea Kruse

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are an abundant agro-industrial waste, and their valorization as activated carbon (AC) offers a sustainable approach for wastewater treatment and heavy-metal remediation. However, the high energy demand of SCG activation limits large-scale application. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) reduces energy consumption and enhances material properties. This study evaluated the performance of activated carbon (AC) derived from SCG via HTC, followed by H₃PO₄ activation for Cr(VI) removal, and compared it with non-activated carbon obtained by HTC and pyrolysis. The results highlight the effect of chemical activation on enhancing surface area, porosity, and adsorption efficiency. The predicted optimal IN was 1624.7 mg·g⁻¹, closely matching the experimental value of 1640.1 ± 15.5 mg·g⁻¹, achieved at 426 °C, 92 min, and a hydrochar-to-H₃PO₄ ratio of 1:1.6. The optimized AC exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity (Qₑ) of 33 ± 1.1 mg·g⁻¹ and 99.4 ± 0.1 % Cr(VI) removal under pH 2, 25 mg·L⁻¹ initial concentration, and 2 g·L⁻¹ adsorbent dose. In contrast, the non-activated carbon presented a lower iodine number (1411 ± 70 mg·g⁻¹) and inferior adsorption performance, confirming the key role of H₃PO₄ activation in improving surface reactivity and adsorption sites. Chemical activation proved essential for improving Cr(VI) adsorption, with the H₃PO₄-AC exhibiting the highest capacity. These results demonstrate the potential of SCG-derived AC as a low-cost adsorbent for heavy-metal-rich industrial effluents, supporting circular economy strategies.

咖啡渣是一种丰富的农业工业废弃物，其作为活性炭的增值处理为废水处理和重金属修复提供了一种可持续的途径。然而，SCG活化的高能量需求限制了大规模应用。水热碳化（HTC）降低了能源消耗，提高了材料性能。研究了以SCG为原料经HTC、H₃PO₄活化脱除Cr（VI）的活性炭的性能，并与HTC和热解制备的非活性炭进行了比较。研究结果强调了化学活化对提高比表面积、孔隙度和吸附效率的影响。预测的最佳IN是1624.7 mg·g⁻，与实验值1640.1±15.5 mg·g⁻，在426°C， 92分钟，氢₃PO₄比为1:6 .6的条件下得到的结果非常吻合。优化后的AC在pH为2、初始浓度为25 mg·L⁻¹、吸附剂剂量为2 g·L⁻¹的条件下，最大吸附量（Qₑ）为33±1.1 mg·g⁻¹和99.4±0.1%的Cr（VI）去除量。相反，非活性炭表现出较低的碘值（1411±70 mg·g⁻）和较差的吸附性能，证实了H₃PO₄活化在改善表面反应性和吸附位点方面的关键作用。化学活化对提高Cr（VI）的吸附能力至关重要，其中H₃PO₄-AC表现出最高的吸附能力。这些结果表明，scg衍生的AC作为富含重金属的工业废水的低成本吸附剂，具有支持循环经济战略的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical demilitarization of solid composition B (HMX/RDX/TNT) and nitrocellulose 固体组合物B （HMX/RDX/TNT）和硝化纤维的电化学非军事化

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100967

Mark E. Fuller , Paul C. Hedman , Nikita Thakur , Danielle N. Tran , Charles E. Schaefer

Stockpiles of aging, off-spec, or other military munitions containing energetic formulations pose a health and safety risk to humans and the environment. This research is the first report demonstrating electrochemical demilitarization of solid Composition B (CompB; HMX/RDX/TNT) and nitrocellulose (NC) fines. The process combined alkaline hydrolysis with cathode surface reactions in a divided electrochemical cell configuration. The constituents of CompB were degraded (>95 %) to simple end products consisting primarily of NO₂⁻, formaldehyde, and residual color. The latter two compounds were shown to be readily amenable to an UV/H₂O₂ treatment as a potential polishing step. NC fines were hydrolyzed to NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺ and unspecified total organic carbon (TOC) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), with minimal accumulation of free cyanide. For both energetics, the degradation kinetics were improved by heating the system to 50 °C. The estimated cost of treatment at the elevated temperature, including chemicals and energy, was <$0.05 per g for CompB and between $0.18 and $0.29 per g for NC, depending on the size cutoff for residuals (>5 and >1.5 µm, respectively). These results provide proof-of-concept that electrochemical processes for treating solid energetic materials may be an effective approach for safe and efficient demilitarization treatment trains for military munitions.

储存的老化、不合规格或含有高能配方的其他军用弹药对人类和环境构成健康和安全风险。该研究首次证实了固体成分B （CompB; HMX/RDX/TNT）和硝化纤维素（NC）颗粒的电化学非军事化。该工艺将碱性水解与阴极表面反应结合在一个分裂的电化学电池结构中。CompB的成分被降解（> 95%）为简单的最终产物，主要由NO2−、甲醛和残余颜色组成。后两种化合物被证明很容易接受UV/H2O2处理，作为潜在的抛光步骤。NC粉被水解为NO2−、NO3−、NH4+和未指定的总有机碳（TOC）和总凯氏定氮（TKN），游离氰化物的积累最少。对于这两种能量学，通过将系统加热到50℃，降解动力学都得到了改善。在高温下处理的估计成本，包括化学品和能源，CompB为每克0.05美元，NC为每克0.18美元至0.29美元，具体取决于残留物的大小（分别为5和1.5µm）。这些结果提供了概念证明，电化学处理固体含能材料可能是一种安全高效的军事弹药非军事化处理列车的有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effective activated nutrient components of coal gangue with thermal modification and its passivation of lead ions 煤矸石热改性有效活性营养成分及其对铅离子的钝化作用

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100965

Wang Li , Chenxi Shao , Xiaobo Zhu , Xueyu Bai

Coal gangue is used as raw material to enhance its nutritional component activity and adsorption performance for lead ions (Pb²⁺) through thermal modification, which may be applied in the remediation of polluted soil. The effects of different modification conditions on the content of available silicon, phosphorus, and potassium in coal gangue and the removal rate of Pb²⁺ in a solution system were investigated. The adsorption mechanism of Pb²⁺ by thermally modified coal gangue was analyzed by using XRD, XPS, SEM-EDS, and other characterization methods. The results show that under suitable modification conditions, the contents of available silicon, potassium and phosphorus in modified coal gangue roasted at 600 °C (Ca-CG-600) were 10,375 mg/kg, 268 mg/kg and 6.1 mg/kg, respectively, whereas those in raw coal gangue were 388 mg/kg, 169 mg/kg and 2.6 mg/kg, respectively. The release of available nutrient elements was promoted due to the destruction of kaolinite (Al₂[Si₂O₅](OH)₄), muscovite (KAl₂[AlSi₃O₁₀](OH)₂) and monetite (Ca(H₂PO₄)H₂O) in the coal gangue. The pore structure of activated coal gangue was increased, which facilitated the adsorption of Pb²⁺. The removal rate of Pb²⁺ reached 99.6 % under the optimal adsorption conditions with Ca-CG-600. The adsorption of Pb²⁺ by Ca-CG-600 mainly occurred via ion exchange with Ca²⁺ and Na⁺ in NaCaAlSi₃O₈(OH), forming Pb_6.34Al_12.7Si_11.3O₄₈. Additionally, precipitates such as Pb₂[CO₃]Cl₂ and PbSO₄ formed through the combination of Pb²⁺ with CO₃^2- and SO₄^2-. This study may provide new insights into the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue and efficient removal of Pb²⁺.

以煤矸石为原料，通过热改性提高其营养成分活性和对铅离子（Pb 2 +）的吸附性能，可应用于污染土壤的修复。研究了不同改性条件对煤矸石中有效硅、磷、钾含量及溶液体系中Pb2+去除率的影响。采用XRD、XPS、SEM-EDS等表征方法分析了热改性煤矸石对Pb2+的吸附机理。结果表明：在适宜的改性条件下，600℃焙烧的改性煤矸石（Ca-CG-600）中有效硅、有效钾和有效磷含量分别为10375 mg/kg、268 mg/kg和6.1 mg/kg，原煤中有效硅、有效钾和有效磷含量分别为388 mg/kg、169 mg/kg和2.6 mg/kg。煤矸石中高岭石（Al2[Si2O5](OH)4）、白云母（KAl2[AlSi3O10](OH)2）和红铁矿（Ca(H2PO4)H2O）的破坏促进了有效营养元素的释放。活化煤矸石的孔隙结构增加，有利于Pb2+的吸附。在最佳吸附条件下，Ca-CG-600对Pb2+的去除率达到99.6%。Ca-CG-600对Pb2+的吸附主要是通过与NaCaAlSi3O8（OH）中的Ca2+和Na+离子交换，形成Pb6.34Al12.7Si11.3O48。Pb2+与CO32-、SO42-结合形成Pb2[CO3]Cl2、PbSO4等析出物。该研究为煤矸石的综合利用和Pb2+的高效脱除提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Migration dynamics of PE and PVC microplastics in soil: An experimental column-based investigation on the effects of drip irrigation PE和PVC微塑料在土壤中的迁移动态：滴灌影响的柱状试验研究

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100962

Khaoula En-Nejmy , Bouchra El Hayany , Eric Record , Mohamed Hafidi , Loubna El Fels

Migration patterns of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural soil remain unclear due to a lack of scientific data. In this study, a soil column experiment was conducted using polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles of different sizes under simulated drip irrigation. The MPs were collected and analysed after different irrigation time intervals (4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks) to track their migration over time.

Results showed that simulated drip irrigation triggered a time-dependent migration of MPs through soil matrices. After 16 weeks, the maximum migration depth of MP particles reached 15–20 cm. Moreover, we further revealed that the migration of MPs in sandy loam soil was influenced by both the size/type of the particles and the duration of irrigation. Comparatively, small-sized MPs, particularly those <0.5 mm, showed higher mobility compared to larger-sized MPs. A difference in mobility between the two types of MPs was also observed, with PVC exhibiting a higher mobility than PE (6.6 % of recovered PVC compared to 4 % of PE from 20 cm soil depth). This study is one of the first to simulate quantitatively and temporally (16 weeks) the migration of MPs (PE and PVC) in agricultural soil under drip irrigation. Given that MPs are hazardous materials whose transfer must be assessed, our study quantifies the critical impact of MP size and polymer type on their vertical mobility in soils, providing essential data for assessing and modelling the risks of contaminant transfer to groundwater resources.

由于缺乏科学数据，微塑料（MPs）在农业土壤中的迁移模式尚不清楚。本研究在模拟滴灌条件下，采用不同粒径的聚乙烯（PE）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）颗粒进行土壤柱试验。在不同的灌溉时间间隔（4、8、12和16周）后收集和分析MPs，以跟踪它们随时间的迁移。结果表明，模拟滴灌触发了MPs通过土壤基质的时间依赖性迁移。16周后，MP颗粒的最大迁移深度达到15-20 cm。此外，我们进一步揭示了MPs在沙壤土中的迁移受颗粒大小/类型和灌溉时间的影响。相比之下，小尺寸MPs，特别是0.5 mm的MPs，比大尺寸MPs表现出更高的迁移率。还观察到两种MPs之间的移动性差异，PVC表现出比PE更高的移动性（从20厘米土壤深度回收的PVC为6.6%，而PE为4%）。本研究首次对滴灌条件下农业土壤中MPs （PE和PVC）的迁移进行了定量和时间（16周）模拟。考虑到多聚物是必须评估其转移的有害物质，我们的研究量化了多聚物大小和聚合物类型对其在土壤中的垂直迁移的关键影响，为评估和模拟污染物转移到地下水资源的风险提供了必要的数据。

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引用次数: 0

The toxicity of polylactic acid (PLA) nanoplastics and oligomers to Pseudomonas putida is driven by photoaged by-products 聚乳酸（PLA）纳米塑料和低聚物对恶臭假单胞菌的毒性是由光老化副产物驱动的

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100964

Virginia Gálvez-Blanca , Miguel Tamayo-Belda , Gerardo Pulido-Reyes , Miguel González-Pleiter , Francisca Fernández-Piñas , Roberto Rosal

In recent years, bioplastics, including biodegradable and bio-based polymeric materials, have been increasingly used in various industries such as packaging and agriculture. Despite their faster fragmentation in the environment, the occurrence and environmental toxicity of realistic nanoplastics (NP; <1000 nm) and oligomers (OL; <50 kDa) remain poorly understood, highlighting the need for further research before their widespread use. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) microbeads, a biodegradable plastic widely applied in single-use products and agricultural mulching, were fragmented into nanoscale material. Part of the material was exposed to UV irradiation to simulate natural photoaging and to compare its physicochemical and toxicological behavior with the unirradiated counterpart. The chemical composition, colloidal stability, size distribution, morphology, and polymer chain structure of both irradiated (I) and non-irradiated (NI) secondary NP and OL were extensively characterized. The biological effects were evaluated using Pseudomonas putida at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 50 mg/L. NP and OL induced ROS overproduction, metabolic alterations, and changes in membrane potential, likely linked to the toxicity of photoaged PLA by-products and the differential bioavailability of non-irradiated and irradiated materials. At moderate concentrations (≥10 mg/L), irradiated materials caused pronounced oxidative stress, reduced metabolic activity, and cytoplasmic membrane depolarization, indicating the formation of toxic photoaged species. MALDI TOF/TOF analysis confirmed the presence of degradation by-products primarily generated during photoaging. Overall, the results demonstrate that abiotic transformations of biodegradable plastics can produce persistent toxic compounds that pose potential environmental risks.

近年来，生物塑料，包括可生物降解材料和生物基聚合物材料，越来越多地应用于包装和农业等各个行业。尽管纳米塑料（NP; <1000 nm）和低聚物（OL; <50 kDa）在环境中破碎速度更快，但它们的发生和环境毒性仍然知之甚少，这表明在它们广泛使用之前需要进一步研究。聚乳酸（PLA）微珠是一种广泛应用于一次性产品和农业覆盖的可生物降解塑料，本研究将其破碎成纳米级材料。部分材料暴露在紫外线照射下，模拟自然光老化，并将其物理化学和毒理学行为与未照射的对应物进行比较。对辐照(I)和未辐照（NI）二级NP和OL的化学组成、胶体稳定性、尺寸分布、形貌和聚合物链结构进行了广泛表征。用0.1 ~ 50mg /L浓度的恶臭假单胞菌评价生物效应。NP和OL诱导ROS过度产生、代谢改变和膜电位变化，可能与光老化PLA副产物的毒性以及未辐照和辐照材料的不同生物利用度有关。在中等浓度（≥10 mg/L）下，辐照物质引起明显的氧化应激，代谢活性降低，细胞质膜去极化，表明形成了有毒的光老化物种。MALDI TOF/TOF分析证实了主要在光老化过程中产生的降解副产物的存在。总的来说，结果表明，可生物降解塑料的非生物转化可以产生持久的有毒化合物，构成潜在的环境风险。

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引用次数: 0

Source apportionment of the oxidative potential of size-resolved urban particulate matter: Importance of combustion and regional transport 大小分解的城市颗粒物氧化电位的来源分配：燃烧和区域运输的重要性

IF 7.7 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Journal of hazardous materials advances

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100963

Sea-Ho Oh , James J. Schauer , Seoyeong Choe , Hajeong Jeon , Min-Suk Bae

This study examines the oxidative potential of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in a metropolitan area by analyzing particle number size distribution and chemical composition across diurnal patterns. The oxidative potential was quantified using the dithiothreitol assay, normalized to 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (QDTT-OP). The QDTT-OP was apportioned to four sources: waste PET and wood burning (141 nm, 33 %), vehicle emissions (46 nm, 32 %), long-range transport (>429 nm, 22 %), and in-situ condensation process (15 nm, 13 %). Waste burning, characterized by the presence of terephthalic acid and levoglucosan accounted for the highest QDTT-OP during nighttime. Vehicle emissions were aligned with rush-hour peaks, while long-range transport was associated with elevated levels of secondary inorganic aerosols during regional intrusion events. In-situ condensation process, characterized by ultrafine particles, occurred during the early morning hours. The integration of positive matrix factorization with particle sizing and tracer analysis facilitated detailed identification of QDTT-OP sources. These results highlight the importance of addressing both regional combustion-related emissions and transported aerosols in assessments of PM_2.5 oxidative potential and associated public health impacts.

本研究通过分析细颗粒物（PM2.5）的颗粒数量、大小分布和化学成分，研究了大都市地区细颗粒物（PM2.5）的氧化电位。氧化电位用二硫苏糖醇法测定，归一化为9,10-菲三醌（QDTT-OP）。QDTT-OP被划分为四个来源：废弃PET和木材燃烧（141 nm, 33%），车辆排放（46 nm, 32%），远程运输（>429 nm, 22%）和原位冷凝过程（15 nm, 13%）。以对苯二甲酸和左旋葡聚糖的存在为特征的废物燃烧在夜间造成最高的QDTT-OP。车辆排放与高峰时段一致，而远程运输与区域入侵事件期间二次无机气溶胶水平升高有关。以超细颗粒为特征的原位凝结过程发生在清晨。将正矩阵分解与粒度和示踪分析相结合，有助于详细识别QDTT-OP源。这些结果强调了在评估PM2.5氧化潜力和相关公共健康影响时，解决区域燃烧相关排放和运输气溶胶的重要性。

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引用次数: 0