Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100998
Ramy S. Elnagar , Taha M.A. Razek , Hagar A. Nawar , Sherif F. Mohamed
In this study, acid-activated biochar derived from rice straw was combined with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles using the co-precipitation method, followed by grafting with acrylic acid (AAc) and acrylamide (AAm) at different monomer ratios of 70:30 (RS4), 50:50 (RS5), and 30:70 (RS6) by ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiation at a dose of 15 kGy. The aim was to develop magnetic copolymer hydrogel adsorbents with enhanced swelling properties and capacity for methylene blue (MB) dye removal. The synthesized adsorbents were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM–EDX, TEM, VSM, BET analysis, zeta potential measurements, and particle size distribution (PSD). The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) were 467.31 mg/g (RS4), 478.82 mg/g (RS5), and 271.73 mg/g (RS6) under optimal conditions of 180 min contact time, a temperature of 25 °C, an adsorbent dosage NN of 25 mg, pH 7, and a 100 mg/L initial dye concentration. Kinetic data was best fitted by the nonlinear pseudo-second order (PSO) model, indicating that adsorption was primarily governed by the availability of active sites. The Freundlich isotherm provided a better fit for RS4 and RS5, suggesting heterogeneous multilayer adsorption, whereas RS6 followed the Langmuir isotherm, reflecting a more uniform surface. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG) confirmed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The findings demonstrate that tuning the AAc/AAm ratio during γ-irradiation is an effective method for optimizing the structural and adsorption properties of magnetic biochar hydrogel composites for efficient dye removal.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of gamma irradiated magnetic biochar derived from rice straw and grafting with (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) hydrogel for removing methylene blue dye","authors":"Ramy S. Elnagar , Taha M.A. Razek , Hagar A. Nawar , Sherif F. Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, acid-activated biochar derived from rice straw was combined with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles using the co-precipitation method, followed by grafting with acrylic acid (AAc) and acrylamide (AAm) at different monomer ratios of 70:30 (RS4), 50:50 (RS5), and 30:70 (RS6) by ⁶⁰Co gamma irradiation at a dose of 15 kGy. The aim was to develop magnetic copolymer hydrogel adsorbents with enhanced swelling properties and capacity for methylene blue (MB) dye removal. The synthesized adsorbents were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM–EDX, TEM, VSM, BET analysis, zeta potential measurements, and particle size distribution (PSD). The maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) were 467.31 mg/g (RS4), 478.82 mg/g (RS5), and 271.73 mg/g (RS6) under optimal conditions of 180 min contact time, a temperature of 25 °C, an adsorbent dosage NN of 25 mg, pH 7, and a 100 mg/L initial dye concentration. Kinetic data was best fitted by the nonlinear pseudo-second order (PSO) model, indicating that adsorption was primarily governed by the availability of active sites. The Freundlich isotherm provided a better fit for RS4 and RS5, suggesting heterogeneous multilayer adsorption, whereas RS6 followed the Langmuir isotherm, reflecting a more uniform surface. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG) confirmed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The findings demonstrate that tuning the AAc/AAm ratio during γ-irradiation is an effective method for optimizing the structural and adsorption properties of magnetic biochar hydrogel composites for efficient dye removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100998"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100990
Chen Chaojie , Yuan Shanshan , Liu Tong , Cai Zhenzhen
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a widespread per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), is increasingly recognized as a developmental neurotoxicant. Although prenatal exposure has been linked to behavioral impairments, the mechanistic basis involving oxidative stress and motor neuron dysfunction remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of early-life PFOA exposure on locomotor behavior, motor neuron morphology, oxidative stress biomarkers, and neurodevelopment-relate gene expression. Zebrafish embryos (AB strain and Tg(hb9:eGFP)) were exposed to PFOA (0, 10, 100, 1000 μg/L) from 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 168 hpf. Our results reveal that PFOA exposure led to a concentration-response reduction in locomotor activity at 168 hpf. In addition, motor neurons axonal arbor complexity was significantly decreased at 36 hpf. Further investigations showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were elevated in a concentration-dependent manner at 24 hpf, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased at 168 hpf, suggesting sustained lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the antioxidant protein Trx1 was up-regulated, together with perturbation of the transcriptional balance of antioxidant and pro-oxidant genes as well as neurodevelopment-related genes. Notably, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) co-treatment partially restored locomotor performance, supporting a central role of ROS-mediated oxidative stress in PFOA neurotoxicity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that early-life PFOA exposure disrupts motor neuron development and behavior via redox imbalance and transcriptional dysregulation, providing new mechanistic insights into the developmental neurotoxicity of PFAS.
全氟辛酸（PFOA）是一种广泛存在的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS），越来越被认为是一种发育性神经毒物。尽管产前暴露与行为障碍有关，但涉及氧化应激和运动神经元功能障碍的机制基础尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们研究了生命早期暴露于PFOA对运动行为、运动神经元形态、氧化应激生物标志物和神经发育相关基因表达的影响。将斑马鱼胚胎（AB株和Tg(hb9:eGFP)）从受精后2 h （hpf）至168 hpf分别暴露于0、10、100、1000 μg/L的PFOA中。我们的研究结果表明，PFOA暴露导致168 hpf时运动活动的浓度反应降低。此外，运动神经元轴突乔木复杂性在36 hpf下显著降低。进一步的研究表明，活性氧（ROS）水平在24 hpf时呈浓度依赖性升高，而丙二醛（MDA）含量在168 hpf时升高，表明脂质过氧化持续发生。此外，抗氧化蛋白Trx1上调，抗氧化和促氧化基因以及神经发育相关基因的转录平衡受到干扰。值得注意的是，n -乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）联合治疗部分恢复了运动能力，支持ros介导的氧化应激在PFOA神经毒性中的核心作用。总的来说，这些发现表明，生命早期暴露于PFOA通过氧化还原失衡和转录失调破坏运动神经元的发育和行为，为PFAS的发育神经毒性提供了新的机制见解。
{"title":"Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) impairs motor neuron development and locomotor behavior in zebrafish larvae via ROS-mediated oxidative stress","authors":"Chen Chaojie , Yuan Shanshan , Liu Tong , Cai Zhenzhen","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a widespread per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), is increasingly recognized as a developmental neurotoxicant. Although prenatal exposure has been linked to behavioral impairments, the mechanistic basis involving oxidative stress and motor neuron dysfunction remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of early-life PFOA exposure on locomotor behavior, motor neuron morphology, oxidative stress biomarkers, and neurodevelopment-relate gene expression. Zebrafish embryos (AB strain and Tg(hb9:eGFP)) were exposed to PFOA (0, 10, 100, 1000 μg/L) from 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 168 hpf. Our results reveal that PFOA exposure led to a concentration-response reduction in locomotor activity at 168 hpf. In addition, motor neurons axonal arbor complexity was significantly decreased at 36 hpf. Further investigations showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were elevated in a concentration-dependent manner at 24 hpf, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased at 168 hpf, suggesting sustained lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the antioxidant protein Trx1 was up-regulated, together with perturbation of the transcriptional balance of antioxidant and pro-oxidant genes as well as neurodevelopment-related genes. Notably, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) co-treatment partially restored locomotor performance, supporting a central role of ROS-mediated oxidative stress in PFOA neurotoxicity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that early-life PFOA exposure disrupts motor neuron development and behavior via redox imbalance and transcriptional dysregulation, providing new mechanistic insights into the developmental neurotoxicity of PFAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100990"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100993
Ruiming Nie , Zhuangbo Feng
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as highly carcinogenic persistent pollutants, pose challenges for assessing urban multimedia distribution and exposure risks due to limited spatial resolution of conventional models. Traditional fugacity models, constrained by homogeneity assumptions, fail to capture environmental heterogeneity in high-density cities. This study developed a kilometer-resolution steady-state multimedia model to characterize the fate and health risks of PAHs in Nanjing, with model predictions validated against measured concentrations across 13 environmental compartments. The results reveal a distinct concentration hierarchy: organic film > sediment > soil > vegetation > water > atmosphere. Organic film (57.2–68.7 %) and water (28.5–37.5 %) are the dominant contributors to incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), highlighting their priority for risk management. Health risks exhibit significant age differentiation: children are more sensitive to atmospheric PAH exposure, adolescents are predominantly affected by soil, vegetation, and organic film, and overall ILCR follows the gradient Adults > Youths > Children (ranging from 1.22 × 10–9 to 4.00 × 10–5), driven by age-dependent behavioral and physiological differences. Among individual PAHs, BaP (54.12 %-56.10 %) and DahA (20.47 %-23.39 %) dominate cumulative toxicity risks. Assessment of eight toxicity endpoints identifies respiratory toxicity, carcinogenicity, estrogen receptor toxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor toxicity, and antioxidant response disruption as core health impacts, primarily driven by high-molecular-weight PAHs. This high-resolution modeling framework enables precise identification of urban PAH pollution hotspots and age-specific exposure risks, providing critical scientific support for targeted pollution control and public health protection in high-density cities.
{"title":"Fate modeling and spatial health risk assessment of urban polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using a kilometer-resolution multimedia model","authors":"Ruiming Nie , Zhuangbo Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as highly carcinogenic persistent pollutants, pose challenges for assessing urban multimedia distribution and exposure risks due to limited spatial resolution of conventional models. Traditional fugacity models, constrained by homogeneity assumptions, fail to capture environmental heterogeneity in high-density cities. This study developed a kilometer-resolution steady-state multimedia model to characterize the fate and health risks of PAHs in Nanjing, with model predictions validated against measured concentrations across 13 environmental compartments. The results reveal a distinct concentration hierarchy: organic film > sediment > soil > vegetation > water > atmosphere. Organic film (57.2–68.7 %) and water (28.5–37.5 %) are the dominant contributors to incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), highlighting their priority for risk management. Health risks exhibit significant age differentiation: children are more sensitive to atmospheric PAH exposure, adolescents are predominantly affected by soil, vegetation, and organic film, and overall ILCR follows the gradient Adults > Youths > Children (ranging from 1.22 × 10<sup>–9</sup> to 4.00 × 10<sup>–5</sup>), driven by age-dependent behavioral and physiological differences. Among individual PAHs, BaP (54.12 %-56.10 %) and DahA (20.47 %-23.39 %) dominate cumulative toxicity risks. Assessment of eight toxicity endpoints identifies respiratory toxicity, carcinogenicity, estrogen receptor toxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor toxicity, and antioxidant response disruption as core health impacts, primarily driven by high-molecular-weight PAHs. This high-resolution modeling framework enables precise identification of urban PAH pollution hotspots and age-specific exposure risks, providing critical scientific support for targeted pollution control and public health protection in high-density cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100994
Bryan A. Tiban-Anrango , Carolina De los Santos , J. Fernández-Cascán , Cristina Sáez , Manuel A. Rodrigo
The lack of mobility of chlorinated organic compounds in electrokinetic systems requires enhancement of the operational parameters. In this study, we investigated the role of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a catholyte additive in enhancing the electrokinetic remediation (EKR) of real-contaminated soils containing chlorinated organic compounds (COCs). Initial soil washing experiments confirmed EDTA’s chelating efficacy, with extraction increasing from 0.006 mmol using pure water to 0.15 mmol with 0.1 M EDTA. Subsequent EKR trials at varying temperatures revealed that EDTA significantly improves COC mobilization, particularly toward the anode, where a 120% increase in molar transport was observed at 10 °C. This enhancement is attributed to the interaction between negatively charged EDTA complexes and chloro-substituted aromatic and alicyclic compounds, facilitating directional migration under an electric field. Temperature played a critical role in optimizing electro-osmotic flux and minimizing evaporation, with sub-25 °C conditions favoring contaminant transport. However, EDTA’s anionic nature also contributed to reduced soil electrical resistance, indirectly supporting electrokinetic performance. Notably, COC mobilization toward the cathode was less pronounced, with only a 20% increase, primarily driven by water movement rather than electrophoretic or electromigration. The study quantified EDTA demand, indicating that 26 mmol and 8 mmol of EDTA are required per mmol of COC mobilized at 10 °C and 25 °C, respectively. Despite lower extraction yields in EKR (0.086 mmol L⁻¹) compared to soil washing (0.149 mmol L⁻¹), the findings underscore EDTA’s potential to enhance organic pollutant mobility in electrokinetic systems. This work expands the applicability of chelating agents beyond heavy metals, offering new pathways for remediating complex organic-contaminated matrices.
{"title":"Reengineering electrokinetics: EDTA-enhanced mobilization of organic soil pollutants","authors":"Bryan A. Tiban-Anrango , Carolina De los Santos , J. Fernández-Cascán , Cristina Sáez , Manuel A. Rodrigo","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lack of mobility of chlorinated organic compounds in electrokinetic systems requires enhancement of the operational parameters. In this study, we investigated the role of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a catholyte additive in enhancing the electrokinetic remediation (EKR) of real-contaminated soils containing chlorinated organic compounds (COCs). Initial soil washing experiments confirmed EDTA’s chelating efficacy, with extraction increasing from 0.006 mmol using pure water to 0.15 mmol with 0.1 M EDTA. Subsequent EKR trials at varying temperatures revealed that EDTA significantly improves COC mobilization, particularly toward the anode, where a 120% increase in molar transport was observed at 10 °C. This enhancement is attributed to the interaction between negatively charged EDTA complexes and chloro-substituted aromatic and alicyclic compounds, facilitating directional migration under an electric field. Temperature played a critical role in optimizing electro-osmotic flux and minimizing evaporation, with sub-25 °C conditions favoring contaminant transport. However, EDTA’s anionic nature also contributed to reduced soil electrical resistance, indirectly supporting electrokinetic performance. Notably, COC mobilization toward the cathode was less pronounced, with only a 20% increase, primarily driven by water movement rather than electrophoretic or electromigration. The study quantified EDTA demand, indicating that 26 mmol and 8 mmol of EDTA are required per mmol of COC mobilized at 10 °C and 25 °C, respectively. Despite lower extraction yields in EKR (0.086 mmol L⁻¹) compared to soil washing (0.149 mmol L⁻¹), the findings underscore EDTA’s potential to enhance organic pollutant mobility in electrokinetic systems. This work expands the applicability of chelating agents beyond heavy metals, offering new pathways for remediating complex organic-contaminated matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100994"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seawater flooding salinizes soil, contaminates freshwater resources, and disrupts the optimal balance of macronutrients in soils, limiting the productivity of coastal agricultural lands. This study investigated the solubility and transport of cations and nutrients from calcareous soils in response to varying durations of freshwater and seawater flooding. A series of column experiments was conducted by flooding two of the most common agricultural soils in South Florida (Biscayne and Krome), using two water sources (freshwater and seawater) for four different flooding durations: 1, 7, 14, and 28 days. Porewater samples were collected from three distinct depths of the flooded soil columns and were analyzed for selected cations (Na+, Mg2+, K+, and Ca2+) and nutrients (P, TP, NO3-N, and NH4-N). The Hydrus-1D numerical hydrologic model and three machine learning (ML) models, including Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB), were developed using experimental data to simulate concentrations of cations and nutrients in porewater under saturated conditions. Results from the flooding experiment revealed a substantial release of cations, such as Ca2+, from seawater-flooded Biscayne and Krome soils. Compared to freshwater flooded soils, concentrations of Na+ and Mg2+ increased by a factor of 98 and 30 in Biscayne soil, and by 268 and 81 in Krome soil, respectively. Seawater flooding also elevated porewater concentrations of P, TP, and NH4-N by 82%, 56%, and 86% in Biscayne and by 14%, 7%, and 746% in Krome soils, respectively. The Hydrus-1D model effectively simulated the concentrations of Na+ and Mg2+ in porewater samples from seawater flooded Krome soils with r2 values of 0.77 and 0.85 and RMSE values of 0.44 and 0.17 mg cm-3, and with r2 values of 0.93 and 0.75 and RMSE values of 0.09 and 0.17 mg cm-3 in porewater samples collected from seawater flooded Biscayne soils, respectively. The data-driven ML models (DT, RF, and XGB) outperformed Hydrus-1D in simulating the concentrations of all cations and nutrients under saturated conditions, except NO3-N. Among the ML models, the XGB performed best in simulating P, TP, NH4-N, Ca, K, Na, and Mg concentrations with r2 and RMSE values ranging from 0.53 to 0.84 and 0.3 to 1145 mg l-1, respectively. Overall, ML models could be considered viable options in simulating the concentration and dynamics of cations and nutrients, but extensive data requirements for training and testing these models could be a limitation.
{"title":"Solute transport and environmental impacts in seawater-flooded soils: Insights from experiments, numerical modeling, and machine learning","authors":"Girma Worku Awoke , Niguss Solomon Hailegnaw , Mulatu Liyew Berihun , Haimanote K. Bayabil","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seawater flooding salinizes soil, contaminates freshwater resources, and disrupts the optimal balance of macronutrients in soils, limiting the productivity of coastal agricultural lands. This study investigated the solubility and transport of cations and nutrients from calcareous soils in response to varying durations of freshwater and seawater flooding. A series of column experiments was conducted by flooding two of the most common agricultural soils in South Florida (Biscayne and Krome), using two water sources (freshwater and seawater) for four different flooding durations: 1, 7, 14, and 28 days. Porewater samples were collected from three distinct depths of the flooded soil columns and were analyzed for selected cations (Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, and Ca<sup>2+</sup>) and nutrients (P, TP, NO<sub>3</sub>-N, and NH<sub>4</sub>-N). The Hydrus-1D numerical hydrologic model and three machine learning (ML) models, including Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB), were developed using experimental data to simulate concentrations of cations and nutrients in porewater under saturated conditions. Results from the flooding experiment revealed a substantial release of cations, such as Ca<sup>2+</sup>, from seawater-flooded Biscayne and Krome soils. Compared to freshwater flooded soils, concentrations of Na<sup>+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> increased by a factor of 98 and 30 in Biscayne soil, and by 268 and 81 in Krome soil, respectively. Seawater flooding also elevated porewater concentrations of P, TP, and NH<sub>4</sub>-N by 82%, 56%, and 86% in Biscayne and by 14%, 7%, and 746% in Krome soils, respectively. The Hydrus-1D model effectively simulated the concentrations of Na<sup>+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> in porewater samples from seawater flooded Krome soils with r<sup>2</sup> values of 0.77 and 0.85 and RMSE values of 0.44 and 0.17 mg cm<sup>-3</sup>, and with r<sup>2</sup> values of 0.93 and 0.75 and RMSE values of 0.09 and 0.17 mg cm<sup>-3</sup> in porewater samples collected from seawater flooded Biscayne soils, respectively. The data-driven ML models (DT, RF, and XGB) outperformed Hydrus-1D in simulating the concentrations of all cations and nutrients under saturated conditions, except NO<sub>3</sub>-N. Among the ML models, the XGB performed best in simulating P, TP, NH<sub>4</sub>-N, Ca, K, Na, and Mg concentrations with r<sup>2</sup> and RMSE values ranging from 0.53 to 0.84 and 0.3 to 1145 mg <span>l</span><sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Overall, ML models could be considered viable options in simulating the concentration and dynamics of cations and nutrients, but extensive data requirements for training and testing these models could be a limitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100989"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100992
Md. Abul Hashem , Md. Mukimujjaman Miem , Sasbir Rahman Sium , Syeda Fariha Rahman , Md. Enamul Hasan Zahin , Md. Rafiqul Islam , Tanvir Ahmed , Sk Shaker Ahamed
Fecal sludge poses significant risks to human health and the environment. The generation of fecal sludge is increasing due to population growth, contaminating soil and water bodies, and leading to health issues. In this research, the carbonized fecal sludge (CFS) is incorporated into clay at various ratios 0 %, 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 %, 10 %, 12 %, 14 %, 16 %, 18 %, and 20 % to fabricate bricks and ignited at 1000 °C in an auto-brickfield. The evaluated engineering properties of 16 % of CFS-incorporated bricks yielded optimal outcomes of compressive strength (16.54 MPa), water absorption (16.03 %), area shrinkage (3.32 %), weight reduction (11.66 %), bulk density (1.89 g/cm3), and apparent porosity (36.47 %) with no efflorescence. No pathogenic bacteria were detected in CFS, indicating safe handling during brick production. The particle size (particle size distribution) and metal oxides (XRF) illustrated the bond formation in the CFS-clay matrix. The SEM, EDS, and XRD analyses show the microstructure, elemental composition, and phases of CFS-incorporated bricks, respectively. The NEN 7345 and USEPA 1311 tests showed metal leaching behavior far below the standard level. Thus, the utilization of CFS in construction material can open a new pathway toward waste management, minimizing hazardous pollution release to the environment.
{"title":"Characterization and stabilization of carbonized fecal sludge in brick production","authors":"Md. Abul Hashem , Md. Mukimujjaman Miem , Sasbir Rahman Sium , Syeda Fariha Rahman , Md. Enamul Hasan Zahin , Md. Rafiqul Islam , Tanvir Ahmed , Sk Shaker Ahamed","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fecal sludge poses significant risks to human health and the environment. The generation of fecal sludge is increasing due to population growth, contaminating soil and water bodies, and leading to health issues. In this research, the carbonized fecal sludge (CFS) is incorporated into clay at various ratios 0 %, 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 %, 10 %, 12 %, 14 %, 16 %, 18 %, and 20 % to fabricate bricks and ignited at 1000 °C in an auto-brickfield. The evaluated engineering properties of 16 % of CFS-incorporated bricks yielded optimal outcomes of compressive strength (16.54 MPa), water absorption (16.03 %), area shrinkage (3.32 %), weight reduction (11.66 %), bulk density (1.89 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), and apparent porosity (36.47 %) with no efflorescence. No pathogenic bacteria were detected in CFS, indicating safe handling during brick production. The particle size (particle size distribution) and metal oxides (XRF) illustrated the bond formation in the CFS-clay matrix. The SEM, EDS, and XRD analyses show the microstructure, elemental composition, and phases of CFS-incorporated bricks, respectively. The NEN 7345 and USEPA 1311 tests showed metal leaching behavior far below the standard level. Thus, the utilization of CFS in construction material can open a new pathway toward waste management, minimizing hazardous pollution release to the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100992"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100991
Iqra Binti Ayoub , Shoukat Ara , Suhail A. Lone
Microplastics (MPs) are recognized as pervasive contaminants in terrestrial ecosystems, but their sources, transport pathways, degradation behavior, and environmental implications in high-altitude Himalayan agricultural soils remain poorly understood. The Himalayan region, characterized by steep geomorphic gradients, terraced cultivation, dynamic cryospheric processes, and highly variable hydroclimatic regimes, constitutes a unique environmental setting where Microplastic (MP) behavior markedly diverges from lowland agroecosystems. This review synthesizes global evidence on MP contamination across agricultural inputs, hydrological pathways, atmospheric deposition, organic amendments, and waste streams, and systematically contextualizes these processes within the distinct geomorphic, cryo-hydrological, and socioecological features of the Himalaya. The objectives of this study are to: (i) identify dominant MP sources contributing to contamination in mountain agroecosystems, including agricultural plastics, irrigation water, atmospheric fallout, and mismanaged rural waste; (ii) evaluate the mechanisms controlling MP transport, degradation, redistribution, and interactions with soil physicochemical and biological properties; and (iii) highlight major knowledge gaps while proposing a region-specific Microplastic Vulnerability Framework (MPVF) for assessing site-level susceptibility to MP accumulation. Our analysis demonstrates that steep slopes, intensive monsoon-driven runoff, freeze-thaw cycling, snowmelt pulses, terraced field architecture, and inadequate waste management infrastructure collectively shape the fate, mobility, and residence time of MPs in Himalayan soils. MPs frequently alter soil structure, microbial activity, nutrient cycling, and the mobility of co-contaminants, thereby posing long-term risks to soil health, crop productivity, and food security in mountain communities. The study suggests the need for standardized sampling and extraction protocols, the development of mountain-specific analytical workflows, catchment-scale flux assessments, and long-term in-situ monitoring to quantify seasonal MP transport and accumulation. By integrating global insights with the distinct that govern MP behavior in Himalayan landscapes, this review provides the comprehensive synthesis tailored to high-altitude agroecosystems and advances a practical MPVF to guide future monitoring, risk assessment, and sustainable plastic governance in mountain environments.
{"title":"Deciphering the impact of microplastics (MPs) on Himalayan agricultural soils: Current knowledge and future perspectives","authors":"Iqra Binti Ayoub , Shoukat Ara , Suhail A. Lone","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) are recognized as pervasive contaminants in terrestrial ecosystems, but their sources, transport pathways, degradation behavior, and environmental implications in high-altitude Himalayan agricultural soils remain poorly understood. The Himalayan region, characterized by steep geomorphic gradients, terraced cultivation, dynamic cryospheric processes, and highly variable hydroclimatic regimes, constitutes a unique environmental setting where Microplastic (MP) behavior markedly diverges from lowland agroecosystems. This review synthesizes global evidence on MP contamination across agricultural inputs, hydrological pathways, atmospheric deposition, organic amendments, and waste streams, and systematically contextualizes these processes within the distinct geomorphic, cryo-hydrological, and socioecological features of the Himalaya. The objectives of this study are to: (i) identify dominant MP sources contributing to contamination in mountain agroecosystems, including agricultural plastics, irrigation water, atmospheric fallout, and mismanaged rural waste; (ii) evaluate the mechanisms controlling MP transport, degradation, redistribution, and interactions with soil physicochemical and biological properties; and (iii) highlight major knowledge gaps while proposing a region-specific Microplastic Vulnerability Framework (MPVF) for assessing site-level susceptibility to MP accumulation. Our analysis demonstrates that steep slopes, intensive monsoon-driven runoff, freeze-thaw cycling, snowmelt pulses, terraced field architecture, and inadequate waste management infrastructure collectively shape the fate, mobility, and residence time of MPs in Himalayan soils. MPs frequently alter soil structure, microbial activity, nutrient cycling, and the mobility of co-contaminants, thereby posing long-term risks to soil health, crop productivity, and food security in mountain communities. The study suggests the need for standardized sampling and extraction protocols, the development of mountain-specific analytical workflows, catchment-scale flux assessments, and long-term <em>in-situ</em> monitoring to quantify seasonal MP transport and accumulation. By integrating global insights with the distinct that govern MP behavior in Himalayan landscapes, this review provides the comprehensive synthesis tailored to high-altitude agroecosystems and advances a practical MPVF to guide future monitoring, risk assessment, and sustainable plastic governance in mountain environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100991"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Springs are a major supply of drinking water for many rural communities, but both geogenic and human activities are posing an increasing threat to their quality. Despite their significance, spring systems in study area are not well researched and no prior study has provided a thorough examination combining physicochemical profiling, heavy metal estimation and microbiological examination. In this study, thirty-six spring water samples from various regions across Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) were examined to determine their potability and chemical composition. Physicochemical analysis, heavy metal quantification, and microbiological evaluation followed by Statistical analyses, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation, were performed to recognize key patterns and source contamination. Over 80% of the samples were classified as "unsuitable for drinking," based on WHO standards, according to the Water Quality Index values ranging from 397.6 to 2008.2. In most of the samples elevated toxic heavy metal levels, including nickel (0.09-0.25 mg/L), lead (0.49-2.21 mg/L), and cadmium (0.03-0.06 mg/L), were observed. Microbiological contamination was also common; in most springs, levels of E. coli, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms were found to be within dangerous ranges. With considerable loadings from bacteria, chemical oxygen demand, and nutritional factors, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two main components that account for more than 60% of the variance. The hydro chemical facies obtained from the Piper diagram showed that Ca–Mg–SO4 type water predominated. This study provides first-region specific baseline data set employing an integrated analytical approach, offering new insights into the spring profile of the area. Results obtained highlight urgent need to conduct routine monitoring, raise community awareness, and implement legislative changes to protect spring water sources. The findings of the study offer vital comprehension for water resource planners, environmental managers, and local health authorities looking to enhance water quality and protect public health in the area.
{"title":"Unveiling water quality patterns in the non-industrial mountainous region of northern Pakistan: A hydrological perspective","authors":"Eena Sadaf , Rashid Khan , Amina Azhar , Muhammad Faraz Bhatti , Saadia Andleeb , Sughra Sarwar , Muhammad Kamran Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Springs are a major supply of drinking water for many rural communities, but both geogenic and human activities are posing an increasing threat to their quality. Despite their significance, spring systems in study area are not well researched and no prior study has provided a thorough examination combining physicochemical profiling, heavy metal estimation and microbiological examination. In this study, thirty-six spring water samples from various regions across Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) were examined to determine their potability and chemical composition. Physicochemical analysis, heavy metal quantification, and microbiological evaluation followed by Statistical analyses, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation, were performed to recognize key patterns and source contamination. Over 80% of the samples were classified as \"unsuitable for drinking,\" based on WHO standards, according to the Water Quality Index values ranging from 397.6 to 2008.2. In most of the samples elevated toxic heavy metal levels, including nickel (0.09-0.25 mg/L), lead (0.49-2.21 mg/L), and cadmium (0.03-0.06 mg/L), were observed. Microbiological contamination was also common; in most springs, levels of <em>E. coli</em>, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms were found to be within dangerous ranges. With considerable loadings from bacteria, chemical oxygen demand, and nutritional factors, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed two main components that account for more than 60% of the variance. The hydro chemical facies obtained from the Piper diagram showed that Ca–Mg–SO<sub>4</sub> type water predominated. This study provides first-region specific baseline data set employing an integrated analytical approach, offering new insights into the spring profile of the area. Results obtained highlight urgent need to conduct routine monitoring, raise community awareness, and implement legislative changes to protect spring water sources. The findings of the study offer vital comprehension for water resource planners, environmental managers, and local health authorities looking to enhance water quality and protect public health in the area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100987"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100986
Xueqian Lyu , Qijia Xiao , Rong Cong , Fangyu Yi , Shuyi Sun , Xuneng Tong , Peng Jiang
The widespread misuse of antibiotics has accelerated the global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), posing a significant threat to human health and ecological safety. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic markedly altered AMR dynamics in both clinical and aquatic environments, further underscoring the need for a systematic understanding of these changes. However, current research lacks a systematic overview of their joint roles in driving AMR during the pandemic. Accordingly, this study focuses on both clinical and aquatic environment settings, providing a comprehensive review of how the pandemic has influenced AMR, AMR risk assessment methods, and historical and recent developments in AMR management related to such settings. Beyond synthesizing literature data on the progression of AMR research, pandemic-era AMR dynamics, and related AMR risk management strategies, this review highlights the implications of these insights for AMR risk assessment and management under global health emergencies. Based on the review, we compare the applications, advantages, and limitations of existing risk assessment methods, and call for strengthened cross-sectoral collaboration in the post-pandemic context to achieve sustainable disease surveillance and AMR management, addressing challenges across both aquatic environments and clinical systems. The managerial insights and outlook from this review may contribute to the development of risk management technologies and environmental policy concerning AMR mitigation, especially in the context of managing emerging contaminants in the post-pandemic era.
{"title":"Risk assessment and management of antimicrobial resistance in clinical and aquatic environments related to pandemics: A review","authors":"Xueqian Lyu , Qijia Xiao , Rong Cong , Fangyu Yi , Shuyi Sun , Xuneng Tong , Peng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread misuse of antibiotics has accelerated the global spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), posing a significant threat to human health and ecological safety. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic markedly altered AMR dynamics in both clinical and aquatic environments, further underscoring the need for a systematic understanding of these changes. However, current research lacks a systematic overview of their joint roles in driving AMR during the pandemic. Accordingly, this study focuses on both clinical and aquatic environment settings, providing a comprehensive review of how the pandemic has influenced AMR, AMR risk assessment methods, and historical and recent developments in AMR management related to such settings. Beyond synthesizing literature data on the progression of AMR research, pandemic-era AMR dynamics, and related AMR risk management strategies, this review highlights the implications of these insights for AMR risk assessment and management under global health emergencies. Based on the review, we compare the applications, advantages, and limitations of existing risk assessment methods, and call for strengthened cross-sectoral collaboration in the post-pandemic context to achieve sustainable disease surveillance and AMR management, addressing challenges across both aquatic environments and clinical systems. The managerial insights and outlook from this review may contribute to the development of risk management technologies and environmental policy concerning AMR mitigation, especially in the context of managing emerging contaminants in the post-pandemic era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100986"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100985
Lina Fan , Qiujuan Jiao , Jingjing Zhang , Huihong Zhang , GuiYing Jiang , Jin Yang , Gezi Li , Shah Fahad , Yinglong Chen , Evgenios Agathokleous , Jiaokun Li , Xiaolei Jie , Shiliang Liu , Haitao Liu
Antimony (Sb) induces detrimental toxicities on plant growth, yet the underlying mechanisms are under-explored. In this study, a comprehensive approach combining physiological and transcriptomic analyses was adopted to investigate the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of wheat to Sb toxicity. The results showed that Sb treatments (> 10 μM) significantly reduced wheat biomass accumulation (by 52.2 %-67.8 % in shoots, and 24.9 %-56.3 % in roots) through inhibiting root development and impaired photosynthetic performance, accompanied by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. At 25 μM Sb, the antioxidant system and its corresponding genes responded dynamically to oxidative stress, while cell wall components and metal/metalloid transporter proteins synergistically contributed to Sb detoxification and tolerance. Notably, Sb stress upregulated BIN2-related genes in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, thereby suppressing BZR1/2 expression and disrupting BR signal transducion. Furthermore, exogenous BR application mitigated Sb-induced growth inhibition by reducing MDA accumulation and restoring growth parameters. These findings reveal key molecular mechanisms underlying wheat’s response to Sb toxicity and highlight the potential of BR application as a strategy to enhance Sb tolerance in wheat.
{"title":"Integrated morpho-physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic analyses reveal wheat responses to antimony toxicity and brassinosteroid-mediated alleviation","authors":"Lina Fan , Qiujuan Jiao , Jingjing Zhang , Huihong Zhang , GuiYing Jiang , Jin Yang , Gezi Li , Shah Fahad , Yinglong Chen , Evgenios Agathokleous , Jiaokun Li , Xiaolei Jie , Shiliang Liu , Haitao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hazadv.2025.100985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimony (Sb) induces detrimental toxicities on plant growth, yet the underlying mechanisms are under-explored. In this study, a comprehensive approach combining physiological and transcriptomic analyses was adopted to investigate the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of wheat to Sb toxicity. The results showed that Sb treatments (> 10 μM) significantly reduced wheat biomass accumulation (by 52.2 %-67.8 % in shoots, and 24.9 %-56.3 % in roots) through inhibiting root development and impaired photosynthetic performance, accompanied by elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. At 25 μM Sb, the antioxidant system and its corresponding genes responded dynamically to oxidative stress, while cell wall components and metal/metalloid transporter proteins synergistically contributed to Sb detoxification and tolerance. Notably, Sb stress upregulated BIN2-related genes in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, thereby suppressing BZR1/2 expression and disrupting BR signal transducion. Furthermore, exogenous BR application mitigated Sb-induced growth inhibition by reducing MDA accumulation and restoring growth parameters. These findings reveal key molecular mechanisms underlying wheat’s response to Sb toxicity and highlight the potential of BR application as a strategy to enhance Sb tolerance in wheat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":73763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials advances","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100985"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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