Pub Date : 2018-03-09DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877-C1-037
Z. Dembić
{"title":"Tuberculosis risk is spread within the hallmarks of the disease","authors":"Z. Dembić","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877-C1-037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877-C1-037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48575289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-19DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000352
A. Mickienė, Indre Jonikaite, Jolita Pakalnienė
Although low, the risk of occupational malaria does exist. This report describes a rare case of occupational malaria in a non-endemic area with a favorable outcome despite the delayed diagnosis and calls for further research in the field of malaria post-exposure prophylaxis following accidental exposure to biological fluids.
{"title":"Occupationally Acquired P. Falciparum Malaria","authors":"A. Mickienė, Indre Jonikaite, Jolita Pakalnienė","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000352","url":null,"abstract":"Although low, the risk of occupational malaria does exist. This report describes a rare case of occupational malaria in a non-endemic area with a favorable outcome despite the delayed diagnosis and calls for further research in the field of malaria post-exposure prophylaxis following accidental exposure to biological fluids.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41326109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-14DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000351
C. Vieni, Brian E. McGillick, D. Kumaran, S. Eswaramoorthy, P. Kandavelu, S. Swaminathan
Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) released by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum are the most potent toxins causing the fatal disease called botulism. There are seven distinct serotypes of BoNTs (A to G) released by various strains of botulinum. They all have high sequence homology and similar three-dimensional structure. The toxicity of BoNT follows a four-step process–binding, internalization, translocation, and cleavage of its target protein, one of the three components of the SNARE complex (Soluble N-ethylmaleimde-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) required for membrane docking and neurotransmitter release. Cleavage of one of the three proteins causes blockage of neurotransmitter release leading to flaccid paralysis. Though anyone of the above four steps could be a target for developing antidotes for botulism, the catalytic domain is the most suitable target for post exposure treatment. Of the seven serotypes BoNT/A, B, E and probably F affect humans, with BoNT/A considered to be the most potent. Development of drugs for botulism is focused on serotype specific inhibitors, but pan-active inhibitor acting on several serotypes is preferable since it is difficult to identify the serotype before the treatment, especially since there is at least a 36 h window before botulism can be diagnosed. Using structure-based drug discovery, we have developed three heptapeptides based on the SNARE proteins which inhibit BoNT/A, B and E equally well. Probable reasons for pan-activity of these peptides are discussed.
{"title":"Structure Based Discovery of Pan Active Botulinum Neurotoxin Inhibitors","authors":"C. Vieni, Brian E. McGillick, D. Kumaran, S. Eswaramoorthy, P. Kandavelu, S. Swaminathan","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000351","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) released by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum are the most potent toxins causing the fatal disease called botulism. There are seven distinct serotypes of BoNTs (A to G) released by various strains of botulinum. They all have high sequence homology and similar three-dimensional structure. The toxicity of BoNT follows a four-step process–binding, internalization, translocation, and cleavage of its target protein, one of the three components of the SNARE complex (Soluble N-ethylmaleimde-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) required for membrane docking and neurotransmitter release. Cleavage of one of the three proteins causes blockage of neurotransmitter release leading to flaccid paralysis. Though anyone of the above four steps could be a target for developing antidotes for botulism, the catalytic domain is the most suitable target for post exposure treatment. Of the seven serotypes BoNT/A, B, E and probably F affect humans, with BoNT/A considered to be the most potent. Development of drugs for botulism is focused on serotype specific inhibitors, but pan-active inhibitor acting on several serotypes is preferable since it is difficult to identify the serotype before the treatment, especially since there is at least a 36 h window before botulism can be diagnosed. Using structure-based drug discovery, we have developed three heptapeptides based on the SNARE proteins which inhibit BoNT/A, B and E equally well. Probable reasons for pan-activity of these peptides are discussed.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48599171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-12DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000350
A. M. Baye, Wondmagegn Demisis Sarhie, Brhanu Teka Endalew
Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis remains a peril to the global tuberculosis control struggle. Ethiopia is one of the high burden countries and tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of mortality. The prolonged treatment associated with multi-drug resistance tuberculosis and the often-severe adverse effects of second-line anti-tuberculosis agents increases the challenges to achieve treatment completion.Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis management and its determinants in Boru Meda Hospital.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was employed for this study. All patients enrolled for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis management between December 2012 and 2016 were included in the study. Interim and final outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment were collected from the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis registry. The demographic and clinical characteristics of cases, drug resistance and the treatment regimen, management and outcome were described. Chi-square test was used to calculate association factors with a successful treatment outcome.Result: Totally, 141 patients were included for the study from December 18, 2012–June 7, 2016. Women were slightly greater than men patients, 53.2%. The mean age of the study participants was 30.87 years. Majority of the patients, 84.4%, had favorable interim treatment out come at the end of six month. Totally, 61.1% patients were cured, 24.4% of them died, 8.9% were defaulted, 3.3% have completed, and 2.2% failed. Patients in the age group of ≤ 18 years and 19-29 years, and patients having a negative culture result by six month were associated with successful treatment outcome.Conclusion and recommendation: The cure rate was about 60% and significant number of patients were died (24.4%). Strategies to reduce defaulters are crucial in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The current results indicate that special attention should be paid to older patients.
{"title":"Treatment Outcomes of Multi-Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Its Determinants in Boru Meda Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia","authors":"A. M. Baye, Wondmagegn Demisis Sarhie, Brhanu Teka Endalew","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000350","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis remains a peril to the global tuberculosis control struggle. Ethiopia is one of the high burden countries and tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of mortality. The prolonged treatment associated with multi-drug resistance tuberculosis and the often-severe adverse effects of second-line anti-tuberculosis agents increases the challenges to achieve treatment completion.Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis management and its determinants in Boru Meda Hospital.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was employed for this study. All patients enrolled for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis management between December 2012 and 2016 were included in the study. Interim and final outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment were collected from the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis registry. The demographic and clinical characteristics of cases, drug resistance and the treatment regimen, management and outcome were described. Chi-square test was used to calculate association factors with a successful treatment outcome.Result: Totally, 141 patients were included for the study from December 18, 2012–June 7, 2016. Women were slightly greater than men patients, 53.2%. The mean age of the study participants was 30.87 years. Majority of the patients, 84.4%, had favorable interim treatment out come at the end of six month. Totally, 61.1% patients were cured, 24.4% of them died, 8.9% were defaulted, 3.3% have completed, and 2.2% failed. Patients in the age group of ≤ 18 years and 19-29 years, and patients having a negative culture result by six month were associated with successful treatment outcome.Conclusion and recommendation: The cure rate was about 60% and significant number of patients were died (24.4%). Strategies to reduce defaulters are crucial in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The current results indicate that special attention should be paid to older patients.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-02DOI: 10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13
Okoh Martina Enyanwu, Obadiah Happiness Igwe, E. Emmanuel
Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem is known to possess high medicinal value. This study aimed at determining the in vivo anti trypanosomal potential of aqueous extracts of A. indica leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice. The toxicity of A. indica on mice was determined after which different extract doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally on the third day after infection, administration lasted for 7 days. The effects of the extract in trypanosome infected mice were observed for 15 days by monitoring the changes in packed cell volume (PCV), Parasitemia and weight of mice. Comparison was made to the positive control group treated with Diamineazine Aceturate and negative control-infected but not treated.The leaf extract of neem plant did not have acute toxicity on the uninfected animals, there was no significant effect observed in weight (Group 3 which was given 500mg/kg had a weight of 35g by day 7 while control had a weight of 35.2g) and PCV (Group 1; 100mg/kg, Day 7 had a PCV of 44, Group 3; 500mg/kg, 45 while control had a PCV of 45) (p>0.05). There was however a significant difference between the different extract doses and control with respect to parasitemia, (500mg/kg extract dose showed more anti trypanosomal potential compared to other doses). PCV (mice that were given 500mg/kg of extract dose recorded a higher PCV compared to lower doses) and weight of the mice; (p Azadirachta indica extract possess anti trypanosomal potentials. It is therefore recommended that more research on ethno botanic medicine should be encouraged and treatment options employed in the treatment of neglected diseases.
{"title":"Invivo Anti Trypanosomal Activity of Aqueous Extractof Azadirachta indica Leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei Infected Mice","authors":"Okoh Martina Enyanwu, Obadiah Happiness Igwe, E. Emmanuel","doi":"10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijidt.20180301.13","url":null,"abstract":"Azadirachta indica commonly known as Neem is known to possess high medicinal value. This study aimed at determining the in vivo anti trypanosomal potential of aqueous extracts of A. indica leaves on Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected mice. The toxicity of A. indica on mice was determined after which different extract doses (100, 250 and 500mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally on the third day after infection, administration lasted for 7 days. The effects of the extract in trypanosome infected mice were observed for 15 days by monitoring the changes in packed cell volume (PCV), Parasitemia and weight of mice. Comparison was made to the positive control group treated with Diamineazine Aceturate and negative control-infected but not treated.The leaf extract of neem plant did not have acute toxicity on the uninfected animals, there was no significant effect observed in weight (Group 3 which was given 500mg/kg had a weight of 35g by day 7 while control had a weight of 35.2g) and PCV (Group 1; 100mg/kg, Day 7 had a PCV of 44, Group 3; 500mg/kg, 45 while control had a PCV of 45) (p>0.05). There was however a significant difference between the different extract doses and control with respect to parasitemia, (500mg/kg extract dose showed more anti trypanosomal potential compared to other doses). PCV (mice that were given 500mg/kg of extract dose recorded a higher PCV compared to lower doses) and weight of the mice; (p Azadirachta indica extract possess anti trypanosomal potentials. It is therefore recommended that more research on ethno botanic medicine should be encouraged and treatment options employed in the treatment of neglected diseases.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45057450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-29DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000348
N. Lakhe, K. Sylla, K. D. Mbaye, R. Ndiaye, V. C. Diallo, D. Kà, M. L. Dia, L. F. Déguénonvo, C. Ndour, M. Seydi
The main objective of our study was to perform a situational analysis of bacteremia diagnosed at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases Fann University Hospital in Dakar. This was a retrospective, descriptive study based on the records of patients hospitalized for bacteremia from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. Epidemiological, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary variables were collected. Data analysis was done using Stata/SE software version 12.1. Seventy-nine cases of bacteremia were reported in 1922 hospitalized patients at a proportion of 4.1%, and 86 bacterial strains were isolated. The median age was 43 years [IQR: 32; 53]. The main comorbidities found were HIV infection (73%) and high blood pressure (22.2%). Hyperleukocytosis was found in 20 cases (25.32%). The average level of Protein C Reactive was 83.90 ± 56.08 mg/L. Blood culture was monomicrobial in 74 cases (93.7%). The most common isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (23.1%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa/spp (15.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.5%), Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp (8.1%). Isolated strains had low resistance to Imipenem, Vancomycin and Fusidic Acid. In monotherapy or in combination, the mostly used antibiotic was Ceftriaxone. The average duration of antibiotherapy was 10.40 ± 5.39 days. Thirty-three patients (41.8%) had died. Cases of bacteremia present a high mortality. Isolated bacterial strains are becoming more resistant to the antibiotics available in our clinic. As a result, the rationalization of their use is adamant.
{"title":"Bacteremia: Profile and Antibiotic Resistance at the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic in Fann Hospital, Dakar, Senegal","authors":"N. Lakhe, K. Sylla, K. D. Mbaye, R. Ndiaye, V. C. Diallo, D. Kà, M. L. Dia, L. F. Déguénonvo, C. Ndour, M. Seydi","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000348","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of our study was to perform a situational analysis of bacteremia diagnosed at the Clinic of Infectious Diseases Fann University Hospital in Dakar. This was a retrospective, descriptive study based on the records of patients hospitalized for bacteremia from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. Epidemiological, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary variables were collected. Data analysis was done using Stata/SE software version 12.1. \u0000Seventy-nine cases of bacteremia were reported in 1922 hospitalized patients at a proportion of 4.1%, and 86 bacterial strains were isolated. The median age was 43 years [IQR: 32; 53]. The main comorbidities found were HIV infection (73%) and high blood pressure (22.2%). Hyperleukocytosis was found in 20 cases (25.32%). The average level of Protein C Reactive was 83.90 ± 56.08 mg/L. Blood culture was monomicrobial in 74 cases (93.7%). The most common isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (23.1%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa/spp (15.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.5%), Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp (8.1%). Isolated strains had low resistance to Imipenem, Vancomycin and Fusidic Acid. In monotherapy or in combination, the mostly used antibiotic was Ceftriaxone. The average duration of antibiotherapy was 10.40 ± 5.39 days. Thirty-three patients (41.8%) had died. \u0000Cases of bacteremia present a high mortality. Isolated bacterial strains are becoming more resistant to the antibiotics available in our clinic. As a result, the rationalization of their use is adamant.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42311346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.11648/J.IJIDT.20180301.12
E. Obadiah, E. Sambo, M. Alhaji, A. Elisha, Kela Santaya, A. Greg, S. Adamu
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis in eleven (11) foci communities of northern Taraba state. Blood samples were collected by finger prick method to determine the presence of filarial antigen in serum using immunochromatographic card test. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to assess clinical manifestations associated with the infection. The result showed that 101/336 (30.02%) were positive for W. bancrofti circulating filarial antigen. The circulating filarial antigen prevalence among the eleven communities differ significantly (p 0.05). However, the antigenaemia prevalence among the age groups differs, with ages 51-60 years having the highest prevalence among male and ages 41-50 years among female respectively (χ2=11.424, df 6, P<0.05). Chronic clinical manifestation observed include Hydrocoel (17.12%) and lymphoedema of limbs (20.08%). Female had significant proportion of those with lymphoedema (14.8%). The findings showed a high prevalence of the infection which is far above the World Health Organisation threshold level of ≥1% prevalence as well as significant prevalence of clinical manifestations. Therefore integrated intervention programme is required in the study area.
{"title":"Rapid Epidemiological Assessment of Lymphatic Filariasis in Northern Taraba Focus, Nigeria","authors":"E. Obadiah, E. Sambo, M. Alhaji, A. Elisha, Kela Santaya, A. Greg, S. Adamu","doi":"10.11648/J.IJIDT.20180301.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJIDT.20180301.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis in eleven (11) foci communities of northern Taraba state. Blood samples were collected by finger prick method to determine the presence of filarial antigen in serum using immunochromatographic card test. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to assess clinical manifestations associated with the infection. The result showed that 101/336 (30.02%) were positive for W. bancrofti circulating filarial antigen. The circulating filarial antigen prevalence among the eleven communities differ significantly (p 0.05). However, the antigenaemia prevalence among the age groups differs, with ages 51-60 years having the highest prevalence among male and ages 41-50 years among female respectively (χ2=11.424, df 6, P<0.05). Chronic clinical manifestation observed include Hydrocoel (17.12%) and lymphoedema of limbs (20.08%). Female had significant proportion of those with lymphoedema (14.8%). The findings showed a high prevalence of the infection which is far above the World Health Organisation threshold level of ≥1% prevalence as well as significant prevalence of clinical manifestations. Therefore integrated intervention programme is required in the study area.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48424605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000368
M. Sakurai, Tatsuya Takahashi, M. Ohuchi, Y. Terui, Akira Suzuki, Takao Saijyoh, K. Shikano
Compared to the early stage (2011-2012) after the Great East Japan Earthquake, no significant changes were seen in the total number of case of tuberculosis (TB), and pulmonary TB cases in the mid-term stage (2013-2014). However, the number of patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) decreased significantly in the coastal region of Northern Miyagi, which was ravaged by a post-quake tsunami. We analyzed the data of all TB patients in this region in the early (2011- 2012) and the late (2015- 2016) stages following the Great East Japan Earthquake and compared it with the pre-disaster data. The number of cases of total TB, extra pulmonary TB and LTBI significantly in comparison to the initial stage after the disaster decreased, but there was a significantly higher prevalence of TB and the LTBI compared to pre-disaster. These results suggest that continued health activities and an improved transportation system reduced the prevalence of total TB after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Thus, these health activities should be maintained.
{"title":"Prevalence of Tuberculosis after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Late Stage Follow-Up in the Coastal Region of Northern Miyagi","authors":"M. Sakurai, Tatsuya Takahashi, M. Ohuchi, Y. Terui, Akira Suzuki, Takao Saijyoh, K. Shikano","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000368","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to the early stage (2011-2012) after the Great East Japan Earthquake, no significant changes were seen in the total number of case of tuberculosis (TB), and pulmonary TB cases in the mid-term stage (2013-2014). However, the number of patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) decreased significantly in the coastal region of Northern Miyagi, which was ravaged by a post-quake tsunami. We analyzed the data of all TB patients in this region in the early (2011- 2012) and the late (2015- 2016) stages following the Great East Japan Earthquake and compared it with the pre-disaster data. The number of cases of total TB, extra pulmonary TB and LTBI significantly in comparison to the initial stage after the disaster decreased, but there was a significantly higher prevalence of TB and the LTBI compared to pre-disaster. These results suggest that continued health activities and an improved transportation system reduced the prevalence of total TB after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Thus, these health activities should be maintained.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000372
Jin Li, Weiwei Hu, Chenglong Rao, Fengling Zhang, Min Li, Weiping Lu
Background: Burkhalter pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) is a gram-negative, saprophytic bacillus found in soil and water, and it is endemic in the tropical and subtropical areas. Melioidosis is a rare infection caused by B. pseudomallei, and it occurs only sporadically in travellers returning from disease-endemic areas. Severe clinical disease is seen mostly in patients with alteration of immune status, especially related to diabetes. To our best knowledge, this is the first reported case of melioidosis in a traveller complicated by diabetes in Chongqing, China. Case presentation: A 55-year-old man with diabetes presented with erosions and ulcers on right leg with purulent discharge and painful sensation for a one-month history. On presentation she had high fever and urinary tract infection, then developed pneumonia, soon after his return from Thailand to China. Cultures from different specimens including blood cultures and urine cultures turned out positive, and then the organisms were finally identified as B. pseudomallei, thus the patient’s treatment was switched to intravenous meropenem. Subsequently, the patient’s urinary tract infection and fever resolved, and after 15 days of receiving meropenem, his general condition improved. Conclusions: Given the frequency of travel between China and other countries, the existence of imported cases from endemic countries until now is striking, and physicians should be aware of its varied manifestations. In particular, melioidosis should be considered when diabetic patients returning from endemic countries, even without risk factors predisposing to severe disease.
{"title":"Melioidosis Acquired by Traveler to Thailand: A Case Report","authors":"Jin Li, Weiwei Hu, Chenglong Rao, Fengling Zhang, Min Li, Weiping Lu","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000372","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Burkhalter pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) is a gram-negative, saprophytic bacillus found in soil and water, and it is endemic in the tropical and subtropical areas. Melioidosis is a rare infection caused by B. pseudomallei, and it occurs only sporadically in travellers returning from disease-endemic areas. Severe clinical disease is seen mostly in patients with alteration of immune status, especially related to diabetes. To our best knowledge, this is the first reported case of melioidosis in a traveller complicated by diabetes in Chongqing, China. Case presentation: A 55-year-old man with diabetes presented with erosions and ulcers on right leg with purulent discharge and painful sensation for a one-month history. On presentation she had high fever and urinary tract infection, then developed pneumonia, soon after his return from Thailand to China. Cultures from different specimens including blood cultures and urine cultures turned out positive, and then the organisms were finally identified as B. pseudomallei, thus the patient’s treatment was switched to intravenous meropenem. Subsequently, the patient’s urinary tract infection and fever resolved, and after 15 days of receiving meropenem, his general condition improved. Conclusions: Given the frequency of travel between China and other countries, the existence of imported cases from endemic countries until now is striking, and physicians should be aware of its varied manifestations. In particular, melioidosis should be considered when diabetic patients returning from endemic countries, even without risk factors predisposing to severe disease.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000372","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000378
P. Santanirand, S. Kojima, Takahiro Yamaguchi, Kornikar Wongnak, Sudaluk Thokaew, Suwichak Chiaranaicharoen
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