Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000359
M. Beltrán, Horacio García del Corro, Mónica Couso, M. D. Gallo, A. Lettieri, Patricia V Barna
We studied familiar SSTI at community level as the presence of any of the following conditions: suppurative lesions, wound infections, consultations or prior hospitalizations for these diseases, isolation of Staphylococcus aureus by culture in a member of the family, treatment with Beta-lactams, cephalexin, co-trimoxazole, clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin or clarithromycin for SSTI, mupirocin treatment, and drainage of suppurative lesions. We could determine a statistical association of these infections with familial overcrowding and location of the home at the poorer neighborhoods.
{"title":"Relationship between Overcrowding, Other Markers of Poverty and Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"M. Beltrán, Horacio García del Corro, Mónica Couso, M. D. Gallo, A. Lettieri, Patricia V Barna","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000359","url":null,"abstract":"We studied familiar SSTI at community level as the presence of any of the following conditions: suppurative lesions, wound infections, consultations or prior hospitalizations for these diseases, isolation of Staphylococcus aureus by culture in a member of the family, treatment with Beta-lactams, cephalexin, co-trimoxazole, clindamycin, erythromycin, azithromycin or clarithromycin for SSTI, mupirocin treatment, and drainage of suppurative lesions. We could determine a statistical association of these infections with familial overcrowding and location of the home at the poorer neighborhoods.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhang Feng1*, Zhan Yinchu2, Zhu Yingqian1 and Lu Jiping1 1Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tongren people’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Tongren, Guizhou, China 2Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, International Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China *Corresponding author: Zhang Feng, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tongren people’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Tongren, Guizhou-554300, China, Tel: +86 13874815775; E-mail: jonathan.cheung@foxmail.com
{"title":"Review on “Potential Effects of Calcium Binding Protein S100A12 on Severity Evaluation and Curative Effect of Severe Acute Pancreatitis”","authors":"Zhang Feng, Zhan Yinchu, Zhu Yingqian, Luan Jiping","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000366","url":null,"abstract":"Zhang Feng1*, Zhan Yinchu2, Zhu Yingqian1 and Lu Jiping1 1Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tongren people’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Tongren, Guizhou, China 2Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, International Hospital of Zhejiang University, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China *Corresponding author: Zhang Feng, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Tongren people’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Tongren, Guizhou-554300, China, Tel: +86 13874815775; E-mail: jonathan.cheung@foxmail.com","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000353
Nozomi Oikawa, M. Seki
To determine the differences in the clinical features of hospitalized elderly patients with influenza between the A (H1N1) pdm09 and the A (H3N2)-dominant seasons, 12 adult patients (mean age, 76.5 years) with influenza who were hospitalized during the 2015-2016 A (H1N1) pdm09-dominant season were compared with 26 adult patients (mean age, 82.5 years) with influenza who were hospitalized during the 2016-2017 A (H3N2)-dominant season. Compared with the A (H3N2)-dominant 2016-2017 season, the A (H1N1) pdm09-dominant 2015-2016 season had fewer non-survivors, but had significantly fewer patients who required oxygenation/respirator support and intravenous anti-influenza agents, such as peramivir. Among the severe patients who received oxygenation/respirator support, the outcomes were better in the A (H3N2)-dominant 2016-2017 season than in the A (H1N1) pdm09-dominant 2015-2016 season. The pneumonia types and detected bacteria did not differ between the two seasons, but the use of sulbactam/ampicillin was more frequent in the A (H1N1) pdm09-dominant 2015-2016 season than in the A (H3N2)-dominant 2016-2017 season. These data suggest that peramivir treatment and oxygenation/respirator support, but not sulbactam/ampicillin administration, may improve the outcome of severe elderly patients hospitalized for influenza, especially the A (H3N2) type.
{"title":"Clinical Differences in Hospitalized Adult Influenza Patients between the A (H1N1) pdm09 and the A (H3N2) Seasons in Japan","authors":"Nozomi Oikawa, M. Seki","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000353","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the differences in the clinical features of hospitalized elderly patients with influenza between the A (H1N1) pdm09 and the A (H3N2)-dominant seasons, 12 adult patients (mean age, 76.5 years) with influenza who were hospitalized during the 2015-2016 A (H1N1) pdm09-dominant season were compared with 26 adult patients (mean age, 82.5 years) with influenza who were hospitalized during the 2016-2017 A (H3N2)-dominant season. Compared with the A (H3N2)-dominant 2016-2017 season, the A (H1N1) pdm09-dominant 2015-2016 season had fewer non-survivors, but had significantly fewer patients who required oxygenation/respirator support and intravenous anti-influenza agents, such as peramivir. Among the severe patients who received oxygenation/respirator support, the outcomes were better in the A (H3N2)-dominant 2016-2017 season than in the A (H1N1) pdm09-dominant 2015-2016 season. The pneumonia types and detected bacteria did not differ between the two seasons, but the use of sulbactam/ampicillin was more frequent in the A (H1N1) pdm09-dominant 2015-2016 season than in the A (H3N2)-dominant 2016-2017 season. These data suggest that peramivir treatment and oxygenation/respirator support, but not sulbactam/ampicillin administration, may improve the outcome of severe elderly patients hospitalized for influenza, especially the A (H3N2) type.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000387
M. Cheaito, M. Khalifeh, Batoul Jaafar, Nesrine A. Rizk
The burden of HIV and AIDS has been reduced with the utilization of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a complication seen with either the initiation or the reintroduction of cART. Although multiple IRIS definitions have been used, there is still no consensus on a clinically useful definition. Based on the pathophysiology, IRIS can be clinically grouped into two categories: it is either caused by a previously subclinical infection that was unmasked by the immune response following the initiation of ART (unmasking IRIS) or by the paradoxical relapse of a recently treated opportunistic infection (paradoxical IRIS). Psoriasis is seen with advanced HIV and immunosuppression and its symptoms typically recede after the initiation of cART and immune restoration. Three theories have been proposed to explain psoriasis in HIV: an imbalance in the CD8+ T-cells to CD4+ T-cells ratio, an imbalance of regulatory T cells (Treg), and HIV acting as a co-stimulatory factor to CD8+ T-cells. However, in this case report, we are describing the paradoxical presentation of IRIS as psoriasis, seen after reinitiating of cART. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case in the literature. We are describing a case of a 39-year-old Lebanese man with long-standing HIV infection and poor cART compliance over the past eight years. The patient has had three flares of psoriasis that coincided with the re-initiation of cART. We are proposing that this patient’s noncompliance with cART and the resulting low, non-recovering CD4/CD8 ratio lead to IRIS presenting as psoriasis. Additionally, a dysfunction in Treg may be another probable explanation for IRIS psoriasis similar to the dysfunction seen with HIV associated psoriasis. Therefore, we conclude that IRIS can present as psoriasis; however, more research is needed in order to make the picture of these complex immune phenomena clearer.
{"title":"Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Presenting as Psoriasis After Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy: A Case-Report.","authors":"M. Cheaito, M. Khalifeh, Batoul Jaafar, Nesrine A. Rizk","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000387","url":null,"abstract":"The burden of HIV and AIDS has been reduced with the utilization of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a complication seen with either the initiation or the reintroduction of cART. Although multiple IRIS definitions have been used, there is still no consensus on a clinically useful definition. Based on the pathophysiology, IRIS can be clinically grouped into two categories: it is either caused by a previously subclinical infection that was unmasked by the immune response following the initiation of ART (unmasking IRIS) or by the paradoxical relapse of a recently treated opportunistic infection (paradoxical IRIS). Psoriasis is seen with advanced HIV and immunosuppression and its symptoms typically recede after the initiation of cART and immune restoration. Three theories have been proposed to explain psoriasis in HIV: an imbalance in the CD8+ T-cells to CD4+ T-cells ratio, an imbalance of regulatory T cells (Treg), and HIV acting as a co-stimulatory factor to CD8+ T-cells. However, in this case report, we are describing the paradoxical presentation of IRIS as psoriasis, seen after reinitiating of cART. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case in the literature. We are describing a case of a 39-year-old Lebanese man with long-standing HIV infection and poor cART compliance over the past eight years. The patient has had three flares of psoriasis that coincided with the re-initiation of cART. We are proposing that this patient’s noncompliance with cART and the resulting low, non-recovering CD4/CD8 ratio lead to IRIS presenting as psoriasis. Additionally, a dysfunction in Treg may be another probable explanation for IRIS psoriasis similar to the dysfunction seen with HIV associated psoriasis. Therefore, we conclude that IRIS can present as psoriasis; however, more research is needed in order to make the picture of these complex immune phenomena clearer.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000379
A. Gagneur, Thomas Lemaître, Virginie Gosselin, Anne Farrands, N. Carrier, G. Petit, L. Valiquette, P. Wals
{"title":"Promoting Vaccination at Birth Using Motivational Interviewing Techniques Improves Vaccine Intention: The PromoVac Strategy","authors":"A. Gagneur, Thomas Lemaître, Virginie Gosselin, Anne Farrands, N. Carrier, G. Petit, L. Valiquette, P. Wals","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.R1-001
Pramoda Earla
There are several infectious diseases from ancient times to which people got affected, suffered and died too. Leprosy can be regarded as the most infectious, transmittable and long lasting disease among all infectious diseases. The other name of leprosy is Hansen’s disease which was named after the physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen. The first causative agent of leprosy disease in humans is Mycobacterium leprae (M. Leprae) which has identified by microscopy technique. It is a rod-shaped gram-positive acid fast bacterium. The phenolic glycolipid 1 is the glycolipid material present in cell wall of this bacterium which generally shows immunological specificity in M. leprae. Survival of this acid fast bacterium in the host cell depends on the cell wall structure. Mycobacterium lepromatosis is a newly emerged leprosy-causing organism. It is emerging day by day as one of the major infectious diseases all over the world including developing countries. It is estimated that approximately 90% of the population develop protective immunity towards this disease, and, therefore, do not get sick after getting effected with this leprosy. Genetic and environmental factors are playing vital role in leprosy infection. The main symptoms are skin sores, bumps or lumps that will never go away after several weeks or months and which will become permanent if untreated foe a long time. It will mainly affect skin region. We cannot treat leprosy as a highly infectious disease. It is probably transmitting through droplets from the mouth and nose during close and frequent contacts with untreated patients. These bacteria mainly infect skin macrophages and Schwann cells in peripheral nerves. The involvement of autonomic fibers causes alteration in glandular functions. It will lead to dry mucous membrane and dry skin and which is responsible for the loss of tactile, thermal and pain sensibility. Incubation period of leprosy is usually two to four years with major manifestations. The Semmes-Weinstein technique is a widely used technique to evaluate plantar sensibility. Multi drug therapy (MDT) and early diagnosis are the key elements in eliminating the leprosy disease as a concern of public health. The ultimate aim is the development of a prophylactic vaccine, to protect against both drug-resistant and drug-susceptible strains. However, immunoprophylaxis for the leprosy disease continues to be largely speculative. The research in the area of leprosy remains an active area of scientific research.
{"title":"Long Lasting Disease: Leprosy","authors":"Pramoda Earla","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.R1-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.R1-001","url":null,"abstract":"There are several infectious diseases from ancient times to which people got affected, suffered and died too. Leprosy can be regarded as the most infectious, transmittable and long lasting disease among all infectious diseases. The other name of leprosy is Hansen’s disease which was named after the physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen. The first causative agent of leprosy disease in humans is Mycobacterium leprae (M. Leprae) which has identified by microscopy technique. It is a rod-shaped gram-positive acid fast bacterium. The phenolic glycolipid 1 is the glycolipid material present in cell wall of this bacterium which generally shows immunological specificity in M. leprae. Survival of this acid fast bacterium in the host cell depends on the cell wall structure. Mycobacterium lepromatosis is a newly emerged leprosy-causing organism. It is emerging day by day as one of the major infectious diseases all over the world including developing countries. It is estimated that approximately 90% of the population develop protective immunity towards this disease, and, therefore, do not get sick after getting effected with this leprosy. Genetic and environmental factors are playing vital role in leprosy infection. The main symptoms are skin sores, bumps or lumps that will never go away after several weeks or months and which will become permanent if untreated foe a long time. It will mainly affect skin region. We cannot treat leprosy as a highly infectious disease. It is probably transmitting through droplets from the mouth and nose during close and frequent contacts with untreated patients. These bacteria mainly infect skin macrophages and Schwann cells in peripheral nerves. The involvement of autonomic fibers causes alteration in glandular functions. It will lead to dry mucous membrane and dry skin and which is responsible for the loss of tactile, thermal and pain sensibility. Incubation period of leprosy is usually two to four years with major manifestations. The Semmes-Weinstein technique is a widely used technique to evaluate plantar sensibility. Multi drug therapy (MDT) and early diagnosis are the key elements in eliminating the leprosy disease as a concern of public health. The ultimate aim is the development of a prophylactic vaccine, to protect against both drug-resistant and drug-susceptible strains. However, immunoprophylaxis for the leprosy disease continues to be largely speculative. The research in the area of leprosy remains an active area of scientific research.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70296818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.11648/J.IJIDT.20180301.11
H. I. Obadiah, S. Edeh, O. Emmanuel, F. O. Okita
Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are known to have major impact on malaria control when properly used. The study was carried out to ascertain the impact of ITNs on P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi metropolis two months after free distribution of ITNs. Questionnaires were served to obtain demographics and information on ownership and use of ITNs. Rapid diagnostic test strips were used to screen participants for malaria parasite. Of the 356 people interacted with, 256 (71.9%) had ITNs. The prevalence of P. falciparum among non-users of ITN (100) was higher 61(61.0%) than that of users (256) which was 35(13.7%), there was significant difference in the prevalence of malaria among users and non-users of ITNs (P= 0.001). Out of the 208(50.4%) females, 65(67.7%) tested positive while 31(32.3%) out of 148(41.6%) males tested positive. There was significant difference between sex and infection (P= 0.031). Age 0-15 years had the highest prevalence of 44(45.8%), while 48 and above years had the least prevalence of 4(4.2%). There was no significant difference between age and infection (P=0.557). Also, from this study, HND/B.Sc holders had a greater number of utilization of ITNs of 110(42%) while those with no academic qualification had the lowest utilization rate of 20(7.8%). There was significant difference between educational qualification and ITNs usage (P=0.001). Vulnerable population should use ITNs properly and consistently to ensure prevention of malaria. A follow up to monitor ITNs compliance is strongly encouraged.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) in the Control of P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi, Nigeria","authors":"H. I. Obadiah, S. Edeh, O. Emmanuel, F. O. Okita","doi":"10.11648/J.IJIDT.20180301.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJIDT.20180301.11","url":null,"abstract":"Insecticide treated nets (ITNs) are known to have major impact on malaria control when properly used. The study was carried out to ascertain the impact of ITNs on P. falciparum in Kanshio, Makurdi metropolis two months after free distribution of ITNs. Questionnaires were served to obtain demographics and information on ownership and use of ITNs. Rapid diagnostic test strips were used to screen participants for malaria parasite. Of the 356 people interacted with, 256 (71.9%) had ITNs. The prevalence of P. falciparum among non-users of ITN (100) was higher 61(61.0%) than that of users (256) which was 35(13.7%), there was significant difference in the prevalence of malaria among users and non-users of ITNs (P= 0.001). Out of the 208(50.4%) females, 65(67.7%) tested positive while 31(32.3%) out of 148(41.6%) males tested positive. There was significant difference between sex and infection (P= 0.031). Age 0-15 years had the highest prevalence of 44(45.8%), while 48 and above years had the least prevalence of 4(4.2%). There was no significant difference between age and infection (P=0.557). Also, from this study, HND/B.Sc holders had a greater number of utilization of ITNs of 110(42%) while those with no academic qualification had the lowest utilization rate of 20(7.8%). There was significant difference between educational qualification and ITNs usage (P=0.001). Vulnerable population should use ITNs properly and consistently to ensure prevention of malaria. A follow up to monitor ITNs compliance is strongly encouraged.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64794587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000373
Hossein Vazi
To evaluate the anti-leishmanial activity of gold nanoparticle against Iranian strain of Leishmania major (MRHo/IR/75/ER): In vitro and In vivo study. Gold nanoparticle was prepared by heating 20 ml of HAuCl4 (1.0 Mm) on a moving hot plate and concentrations of 100, 500 and 1000 ppm. parasites were added in different wells and 20 μL of each concentration were added in medium. Live and dead Promastigotes were counted after adding 0.1% eosin stain. Moreover, the efficacy of gold nanoparticle was examined in BALB/c mice infected with Iranian strain of L. major. The gold nanoparticle had completely effective at concentration of 500 and 1000 ppm on promastigote from L. major after 180 min. In In vivo study, the mean size of lesions was significantly decreased in the groups treated with gold nanoparticle in comparison with the control group. Gold nanoparticle was predictable as an appropriate candidate among natural antileishmanial agents.
研究金纳米颗粒对伊朗利什曼原虫(MRHo/IR/75/ER)的体外和体内抗利什曼原虫活性。在移动热板上加热20 ml (1.0 Mm)的HAuCl4，浓度分别为100、500和1000 ppm，制备金纳米颗粒。在不同的孔中添加寄生物，每种浓度在培养基中添加20 μL。加入0.1%伊红染色，计数活的和死的Promastigotes。此外，我们还研究了金纳米颗粒对感染伊朗L. major菌株的BALB/c小鼠的作用。500和1000 ppm浓度的金纳米颗粒在180 min后完全有效。在体内研究中，与对照组相比，金纳米颗粒处理组的平均病变大小显着减小。金纳米粒子是天然抗利什曼原虫药物的理想候选。
{"title":"The In vitro and In vivo Efficacy of Gold Nanoparticle in Comparison to the Glucantime as a Therapeutic Agent against L. major","authors":"Hossein Vazi","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000373","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the anti-leishmanial activity of gold nanoparticle against Iranian strain of Leishmania major (MRHo/IR/75/ER): In vitro and In vivo study. Gold nanoparticle was prepared by heating 20 ml of HAuCl4 (1.0 Mm) on a moving hot plate and concentrations of 100, 500 and 1000 ppm. parasites were added in different wells and 20 μL of each concentration were added in medium. Live and dead Promastigotes were counted after adding 0.1% eosin stain. Moreover, the efficacy of gold nanoparticle was examined in BALB/c mice infected with Iranian strain of L. major. The gold nanoparticle had completely effective at concentration of 500 and 1000 ppm on promastigote from L. major after 180 min. In In vivo study, the mean size of lesions was significantly decreased in the groups treated with gold nanoparticle in comparison with the control group. Gold nanoparticle was predictable as an appropriate candidate among natural antileishmanial agents.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2332-0877.1000362
Darius Tan, Maryza Graham, P. Fong, Z. Hasan, S. F. Loh
A. schaallii has been recently recognised as an emerging uropathogen but its role in skin and soft tissue infections is less well-characterised. We describe an unusual case of A. schaallii pilonidal sinus infection and review the literature for skin and soft tissue infections involving this organism. A. schaallii soft tissue infections tend to involve the groin, breast or perineum and are sensitive to penicillins but are usually resistant to metronidazole, clotrimoxizole and ciprofloxacin.
{"title":"Actinotignum schaalii Pilonidal Sinus: Case Report and Review of A. schaalii Soft Tissue Infections","authors":"Darius Tan, Maryza Graham, P. Fong, Z. Hasan, S. F. Loh","doi":"10.4172/2332-0877.1000362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2332-0877.1000362","url":null,"abstract":"A. schaallii has been recently recognised as an emerging uropathogen but its role in skin and soft tissue infections is less well-characterised. We describe an unusual case of A. schaallii pilonidal sinus infection and review the literature for skin and soft tissue infections involving this organism. A. schaallii soft tissue infections tend to involve the groin, breast or perineum and are sensitive to penicillins but are usually resistant to metronidazole, clotrimoxizole and ciprofloxacin.","PeriodicalId":73792,"journal":{"name":"Journal of infectious disease and therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2332-0877.1000362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70295476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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