This paper presents a novel approach for the sensitive detection of Cu(II) ions in acidic industrial samples, used in the manufacture of printed circuits. The study outlines the synthesis and functionalization of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, emphasizing the optimization of parameters affecting Cu(II) concentration measurements. The NPs are surface-modified with APTES and succinic acid and characterized through different methods including TEM imaging and FTIR analysis. A method employing the magnetic NPs for bulk preconcentration of Cu(II) ions, followed by collection using a simple and home-made magnetic glassy carbon electrode (MGCE), is detailed. The electrochemical analysis showcases the efficiency of the proposed method for rapid and sequential measurements of Cu(II) ions adequate for industrial matrixes. Results demonstrate the potential of this approach for sensitive Cu(II) sensing, offering a cost-effective and efficient alternative to conventional analytical techniques. Notably, the successful quantification of Cu(II) concentrations in a real sample obtained from an acid industrial electroplating bath of CuSO4 highlights the practical applicability of the developed methodology.
{"title":"Cu(II) Traceability in Industrial Samples: Innovating Detection with Modified Nanoparticles and Magnetic Electrodes","authors":"Cecilia Daniela Costa, Delphine Talbot, Agnes Bee, Sebastien Abramson, Virginia Emilse Diz, Graciela Alicia Alicia González","doi":"10.1039/d4en00459k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00459k","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel approach for the sensitive detection of Cu(II) ions in acidic industrial samples, used in the manufacture of printed circuits. The study outlines the synthesis and functionalization of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, emphasizing the optimization of parameters affecting Cu(II) concentration measurements. The NPs are surface-modified with APTES and succinic acid and characterized through different methods including TEM imaging and FTIR analysis. A method employing the magnetic NPs for bulk preconcentration of Cu(II) ions, followed by collection using a simple and home-made magnetic glassy carbon electrode (MGCE), is detailed. The electrochemical analysis showcases the efficiency of the proposed method for rapid and sequential measurements of Cu(II) ions adequate for industrial matrixes. Results demonstrate the potential of this approach for sensitive Cu(II) sensing, offering a cost-effective and efficient alternative to conventional analytical techniques. Notably, the successful quantification of Cu(II) concentrations in a real sample obtained from an acid industrial electroplating bath of CuSO4 highlights the practical applicability of the developed methodology.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martín Benzo, Maria Eugenia Perez Barthaburu, Andrés Pérez-Parada, Álvaro Olivera, Laura Fornaro
Micro and nanoplastics (MNP) pollution has become an increasingly concerning environmental issue. Wastewater treatment plants represent a significant source of MNP pollution, as the treatments involved do not completely remove them. Studies on their removal from water and wastewater are of current interest. However, suitable reference materials are necessary to conduct these studies accurately and to calibrate and validate analytical techniques capable of determining their concentration in water and wastewater. This work provides new insights into developing such materials. By a simple, straightforward, and cost-effective method, we produced MNP of target commodity polymers: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in sizes ranging from 20 to 3500 nm through non-solvent precipitation. The MNP obtained were aged by exposure to UV/O3 to simulate natural plastic weathering. We assessed the dispersibility of the particles in various media and conducted a series of coagulation/flocculation tests using both aged and non-aged particles in different aqueous media. The results of these tests suggest that an 'eco-corona' was formed, which strongly influences the colloidal behavior of MNP. The MNP obtained in this work proved to be suitable for assessing MNP removal efficiency in coagulation/flocculation processes, provided that an adequate medium with a chemical composition resembling that of wastewater is used. This research not only contributes to the development of representative reference materials but also provides new insights into the colloidal behavior of MNP in wastewater, which could help optimize removal efficiencies in wastewater treatment processes.
{"title":"Developing environmentally relevant micro- and nanoplastics to assess removal efficiencies in wastewater treatment processes","authors":"Martín Benzo, Maria Eugenia Perez Barthaburu, Andrés Pérez-Parada, Álvaro Olivera, Laura Fornaro","doi":"10.1039/d4en00250d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00250d","url":null,"abstract":"Micro and nanoplastics (MNP) pollution has become an increasingly concerning environmental issue. Wastewater treatment plants represent a significant source of MNP pollution, as the treatments involved do not completely remove them. Studies on their removal from water and wastewater are of current interest. However, suitable reference materials are necessary to conduct these studies accurately and to calibrate and validate analytical techniques capable of determining their concentration in water and wastewater. This work provides new insights into developing such materials. By a simple, straightforward, and cost-effective method, we produced MNP of target commodity polymers: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) , polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in sizes ranging from 20 to 3500 nm through non-solvent precipitation. The MNP obtained were aged by exposure to UV/O3 to simulate natural plastic weathering. We assessed the dispersibility of the particles in various media and conducted a series of coagulation/flocculation tests using both aged and non-aged particles in different aqueous media. The results of these tests suggest that an 'eco-corona' was formed, which strongly influences the colloidal behavior of MNP. The MNP obtained in this work proved to be suitable for assessing MNP removal efficiency in coagulation/flocculation processes, provided that an adequate medium with a chemical composition resembling that of wastewater is used. This research not only contributes to the development of representative reference materials but also provides new insights into the colloidal behavior of MNP in wastewater, which could help optimize removal efficiencies in wastewater treatment processes.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Moya, Natacha Brion, Ludovic Troian-Gautier, Ivan Jabin, Gilles Bruylants
Magnetic removal and recovery of precious metals from wastewater and complex biological media pose significant challenges mostly due to the need for efficient, selective, and stable materials. This work reports a methodology that allows to address these challenges by synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) coated with a covalent layer of calix[4]arene-tetracarboxylate (X4C4) capable of binding polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalities via electrostatic interactions. In contrast to citrate coating, which was previously utilized as an attachment layer for PEI, the reductive grafting of X4C4-tetra-diazonium salts onto IONPs results in a considerably more stable coating that proves to be an excellent substrate for the adsorption of PEI. This efficiently results in a synergistic interaction that significantly improves the durability of the PEI coating and maintains the particles in a dispersed state. The stability of the resulting IONPs@X4C4@PEI particles is demonstrated by their ability to withstand both acidic and alkaline conditions without significant particle aggregation or loss of magnetic properties. Moreover, these particles exhibit exceptional magnetic reusability, retaining their selectivity and recovery efficiency over multiple separation cycles. The selective affinity of IONPs@X4C4@PEI particles for Au and Pt stems from the specific binding interactions between the complexes formed by these metals in solution and the PEI coating, enabling efficient recovery of these precious metals. This work places these IONPs at the forefront in terms of stability, reusability, and selectivity, which will undoubtedly open new avenues for environmental remediation and purification applications.
{"title":"Robust Calix[4]arene-Polyethyleneimine Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Recovery of Gold and Platinum Chloride Complexes","authors":"Carlos Moya, Natacha Brion, Ludovic Troian-Gautier, Ivan Jabin, Gilles Bruylants","doi":"10.1039/d4en00408f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00408f","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic removal and recovery of precious metals from wastewater and complex biological media pose significant challenges mostly due to the need for efficient, selective, and stable materials. This work reports a methodology that allows to address these challenges by synthesizing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) coated with a covalent layer of calix[4]arene-tetracarboxylate (X4C4) capable of binding polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalities via electrostatic interactions. In contrast to citrate coating, which was previously utilized as an attachment layer for PEI, the reductive grafting of X4C4-tetra-diazonium salts onto IONPs results in a considerably more stable coating that proves to be an excellent substrate for the adsorption of PEI. This efficiently results in a synergistic interaction that significantly improves the durability of the PEI coating and maintains the particles in a dispersed state. The stability of the resulting IONPs@X4C4@PEI particles is demonstrated by their ability to withstand both acidic and alkaline conditions without significant particle aggregation or loss of magnetic properties. Moreover, these particles exhibit exceptional magnetic reusability, retaining their selectivity and recovery efficiency over multiple separation cycles. The selective affinity of IONPs@X4C4@PEI particles for Au and Pt stems from the specific binding interactions between the complexes formed by these metals in solution and the PEI coating, enabling efficient recovery of these precious metals. This work places these IONPs at the forefront in terms of stability, reusability, and selectivity, which will undoubtedly open new avenues for environmental remediation and purification applications.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142490467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Si Chen, Zhengyan Pan, Jose R. Peralta-Videa, Lijuan Zhao
Rice is highly susceptible to salt stress. Increasing the salt tolerance of rice is critical to reduce yield loss. Herein, we investigated the possibility of using an AgNP-based priming method (seed soaking (SP) and leaf spraying (LP)) to enhance rice salt tolerance. Under saline conditions, both SP (40 mg L−1) and LP (∼0.15 mg per plant) significantly increased the biomass (10.4–13.4%) and height (6.6–6.9%) of 6-week-old rice seedlings. In addition, SP significantly increased chlorophyll a (7.3%) and carotenoid (7.9%) content as well as total antioxidant capacity (10.5%), whereas it decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (16.9%) in rice leaves. These findings indicate that AgNP priming, especially SP, improved the salt tolerance of rice seedlings. A life cycle field study conducted in a real saline land revealed that SP significantly increased the rice grain yield by 25.8% compared to hydropriming. Multi-omics analyses demonstrated that AgNP priming induced metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming in both seeds and leaves. Notably, both SP and LP upregulated osmoprotectants in seeds and leaves. Furthermore, several transcriptional factors (TFs), such as WRKY and NAC, and salt-tolerance related genes, including the high-affinity K+ channel gene (OsHKT2;4, OsHAK5), the Ca2+/proton exchanger (CAX4), and the cation/Ca2+ exchanger (CCX4), were upregulated in leaves. Omics data provide a deep insight into the molecular mechanisms for enhanced salinity tolerance. Together, the results of this study suggest that seed priming with AgNPs can enhance the salt tolerance of rice and increase rice yield in saline soil, which provides an efficient and simple way to engineering salt-tolerant rice.
{"title":"Multi-omics revealed the mechanisms of AgNP-priming enhanced rice salinity tolerance","authors":"Si Chen, Zhengyan Pan, Jose R. Peralta-Videa, Lijuan Zhao","doi":"10.1039/d4en00685b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00685b","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is highly susceptible to salt stress. Increasing the salt tolerance of rice is critical to reduce yield loss. Herein, we investigated the possibility of using an AgNP-based priming method (seed soaking (SP) and leaf spraying (LP)) to enhance rice salt tolerance. Under saline conditions, both SP (40 mg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small>) and LP (∼0.15 mg per plant) significantly increased the biomass (10.4–13.4%) and height (6.6–6.9%) of 6-week-old rice seedlings. In addition, SP significantly increased chlorophyll a (7.3%) and carotenoid (7.9%) content as well as total antioxidant capacity (10.5%), whereas it decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content (16.9%) in rice leaves. These findings indicate that AgNP priming, especially SP, improved the salt tolerance of rice seedlings. A life cycle field study conducted in a real saline land revealed that SP significantly increased the rice grain yield by 25.8% compared to hydropriming. Multi-omics analyses demonstrated that AgNP priming induced metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming in both seeds and leaves. Notably, both SP and LP upregulated osmoprotectants in seeds and leaves. Furthermore, several transcriptional factors (TFs), such as WRKY and NAC, and salt-tolerance related genes, including the high-affinity K<small><sup>+</sup></small> channel gene (OsHKT2;4, OsHAK5), the Ca<small><sup>2+</sup></small>/proton exchanger (CAX4), and the cation/Ca<small><sup>2+</sup></small> exchanger (CCX4), were upregulated in leaves. Omics data provide a deep insight into the molecular mechanisms for enhanced salinity tolerance. Together, the results of this study suggest that seed priming with AgNPs can enhance the salt tolerance of rice and increase rice yield in saline soil, which provides an efficient and simple way to engineering salt-tolerant rice.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Brunelli, A. Serrano-Lotina, Miguel Bañares, Victor Alcolea-Rodriguez, Magda Blosi, Anna Costa, Simona Ortelli, Willie Peijnenburg, Carlos Fito-López, Ernesto Gonzalez Fernandez, Jorge Hermosilla, Lya G Soeteman-Hernandez, Iranztu Garmendia Aguirre, Hubert Rauscher, Fiona Murphy, Vicki Stone, José Balbuena, José Manuel Lloris Cormano, Lisa Pizzol, Danail Hristozov, Antonio Marcomini, Elena Badetti
Safety aspects of chemicals/materials are transversal in all sustainability dimensions, representing a pillar at early-innovation stages of the European Commission’s “Safe and Sustainable-by-Design” (SSbD) framework for chemicals and materials. The first three of the five SSbD framework steps covers different safety aspects: hazard assessment based on intrinsic properties (step 1), occupational health and safety (including exposure) assessment during the production/processing phase (step 2) and exposure in the final application phase (step 3). The goal of this work was to identify a set of characterization tools/procedures to support the operationalization of the first three safety steps to multi-component nanomaterials (MCNMs), applying the findings to a SiO2 core-ZnO shell MCNM. The safety of this MCNM, used as additive to a silicate/calcium hydroxide mortar to improve air quality through photocatalytic NOₓ removal, was investigated from different perspectives along its value chain. Existing and newly generated data on its hazard profile were collected, workers’ exposure during synthesis was assessed, and potential exposure to hazardous substances during its final application phase was investigated. Concerning step 1, physico-chemical properties, hazard classification and cytotoxicity assays were considered. Afterwards, a three-tiered established methodology for evaluating occupational exposure assessment was performed for step 2. Lastly, for step 3, the release of inorganic substances from the MCNM-based mortars in the final application phase was investigated. Safety assessment according to the SSbD framework was done by selecting tools and procedures suitable for application at an early innovation stage, resulting in a preliminary hazard assessment of the MCNM and a suggestion for redesigning a step in the process.
{"title":"Safe-by-design assessment of SiO2@ZnO multi-component nanomaterial used in construction","authors":"Andrea Brunelli, A. Serrano-Lotina, Miguel Bañares, Victor Alcolea-Rodriguez, Magda Blosi, Anna Costa, Simona Ortelli, Willie Peijnenburg, Carlos Fito-López, Ernesto Gonzalez Fernandez, Jorge Hermosilla, Lya G Soeteman-Hernandez, Iranztu Garmendia Aguirre, Hubert Rauscher, Fiona Murphy, Vicki Stone, José Balbuena, José Manuel Lloris Cormano, Lisa Pizzol, Danail Hristozov, Antonio Marcomini, Elena Badetti","doi":"10.1039/d4en00352g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00352g","url":null,"abstract":"Safety aspects of chemicals/materials are transversal in all sustainability dimensions, representing a pillar at early-innovation stages of the European Commission’s “Safe and Sustainable-by-Design” (SSbD) framework for chemicals and materials. The first three of the five SSbD framework steps covers different safety aspects: hazard assessment based on intrinsic properties (step 1), occupational health and safety (including exposure) assessment during the production/processing phase (step 2) and exposure in the final application phase (step 3). The goal of this work was to identify a set of characterization tools/procedures to support the operationalization of the first three safety steps to multi-component nanomaterials (MCNMs), applying the findings to a SiO2<small><sub></sub></small> core-ZnO shell MCNM. The safety of this MCNM, used as additive to a silicate/calcium hydroxide mortar to improve air quality through photocatalytic NOₓ removal, was investigated from different perspectives along its value chain. Existing and newly generated data on its hazard profile were collected, workers’ exposure during synthesis was assessed, and potential exposure to hazardous substances during its final application phase was investigated. Concerning step 1, physico-chemical properties, hazard classification and cytotoxicity assays were considered. Afterwards, a three-tiered established methodology for evaluating occupational exposure assessment was performed for step 2. Lastly, for step 3, the release of inorganic substances from the MCNM-based mortars in the final application phase was investigated. Safety assessment according to the SSbD framework was done by selecting tools and procedures suitable for application at an early innovation stage, resulting in a preliminary hazard assessment of the MCNM and a suggestion for redesigning a step in the process.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maycon Lucas de Oliveira, Juliana Cancino-Bernardi, Márcia Andreia Mesquita Silva da Veiga
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) are among the most versatile and applied nanoparticles due to their unique properties. However, the distribution of these nanoparticles (NPs) in the environmental system represents an emergency problem for understanding the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their unpredictable effect on micro and macro fauna/flora due to their chemical form. This study describes strategies to evaluate the dispersion of IONPs in environmental media under controlled conditions of pH (5 – 9), hardness (0 – 400 mg CaCO3 L-1), temperature (10 – 30 °C), and exposure time (0 – 48 h) in aquatic systems. For this purpose, iron-based nanoparticles (hematite, goethite, and magnetite) were synthesised and characterised using chemical and morphological analytical techniques. Subsequently, the effect of environmental parameters on NPs dispersion was investigated by developing a model using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with total Fe as the dependent variable. The IONPs were synthesised with a size minor than 100 nm for the three nanoparticles. It was observed that the nano-hematites and magnetites had spherical morphology while goethite appeared as nanorods. The resulting models, integrating linear, quadratic, and combined effects, exhibit high predictive capacities – 76.4%, 93.6%, and an impressive 99.9% for nano-hematite, goethite, and magnetite, respectively. This research contributes to understanding nanoparticle behaviour in natural settings, providing essential insights to assess and potentially mitigate the adverse consequences of IONPs contamination in aquatic environments.
{"title":"Understanding and Predicting the Environmental Dispersion of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Study on Synthesis, Characterisation, and Modelling","authors":"Maycon Lucas de Oliveira, Juliana Cancino-Bernardi, Márcia Andreia Mesquita Silva da Veiga","doi":"10.1039/d3en00860f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3en00860f","url":null,"abstract":"Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) are among the most versatile and applied nanoparticles due to their unique properties. However, the distribution of these nanoparticles (NPs) in the environmental system represents an emergency problem for understanding the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their unpredictable effect on micro and macro fauna/flora due to their chemical form. This study describes strategies to evaluate the dispersion of IONPs in environmental media under controlled conditions of pH (5 – 9), hardness (0 – 400 mg CaCO3 L-1), temperature (10 – 30 °C), and exposure time (0 – 48 h) in aquatic systems. For this purpose, iron-based nanoparticles (hematite, goethite, and magnetite) were synthesised and characterised using chemical and morphological analytical techniques. Subsequently, the effect of environmental parameters on NPs dispersion was investigated by developing a model using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with total Fe as the dependent variable. The IONPs were synthesised with a size minor than 100 nm for the three nanoparticles. It was observed that the nano-hematites and magnetites had spherical morphology while goethite appeared as nanorods. The resulting models, integrating linear, quadratic, and combined effects, exhibit high predictive capacities – 76.4%, 93.6%, and an impressive 99.9% for nano-hematite, goethite, and magnetite, respectively. This research contributes to understanding nanoparticle behaviour in natural settings, providing essential insights to assess and potentially mitigate the adverse consequences of IONPs contamination in aquatic environments.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142487697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Li, Jing-Han Wei, Bing-Ke Wei, Zi-Qi Chen, Hai-Long Liu, Wan-Ying Zhang, Xin-Yu Li and Dong-Mei Zhou
Plastic particles deposited from the atmosphere can be absorbed by crops and have significant effects on crops. However, current knowledge regarding the particle size effects on the phytotoxicity of airborne plastic particles to leafy vegetables is limited. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of foliar exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs, 100 nm) and polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs, 1 μm) of different concentrations on the biomass, physiological and biochemical indexes (i.e., chlorophyll, antioxidant enzyme and malonaldehyde (MDA), nutritional quality), and the metabolism of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). PS concentration, rather than particle size, exerted significant effects on these physiological and biochemical indexes. Both PS NPs and PS MPs at the high concentration of 35.0 mg L−1 decreased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in lettuce leaves. Further, the nutritional quality of lettuce leaves was generally improved as evidenced by the increased soluble protein and soluble sugar as well as the decreased nitrate. The decrease of superoxide dismutase activity and accumulation of MDA suggested oxidative stress induced by PS NPs and PS MPs. Metabolomics analysis showed that foliar exposure to PS NPs disturbed the energy metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and ABC transporter, whereas PS MPs perturbed the lipid metabolism and cutin, suberin and wax biosynthesis in lettuce leaves. The different metabolic responses between PS NP and PS MP treatments highlighted the importance of particle size in investigating the phytotoxicity of airborne plastic particles. These results provided effective information for the risk assessment of airborne plastic particles.
{"title":"Metabolic response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to polystyrene nanoplastics and microplastics after foliar exposure†","authors":"Min Li, Jing-Han Wei, Bing-Ke Wei, Zi-Qi Chen, Hai-Long Liu, Wan-Ying Zhang, Xin-Yu Li and Dong-Mei Zhou","doi":"10.1039/D4EN00233D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EN00233D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plastic particles deposited from the atmosphere can be absorbed by crops and have significant effects on crops. However, current knowledge regarding the particle size effects on the phytotoxicity of airborne plastic particles to leafy vegetables is limited. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of foliar exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs, 100 nm) and polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs, 1 μm) of different concentrations on the biomass, physiological and biochemical indexes (<em>i.e.</em>, chlorophyll, antioxidant enzyme and malonaldehyde (MDA), nutritional quality), and the metabolism of lettuce (<em>Lactuca sativa</em> L.). PS concentration, rather than particle size, exerted significant effects on these physiological and biochemical indexes. Both PS NPs and PS MPs at the high concentration of 35.0 mg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small> decreased the contents of chlorophyll <em>a</em>, chlorophyll <em>b</em>, and total chlorophyll in lettuce leaves. Further, the nutritional quality of lettuce leaves was generally improved as evidenced by the increased soluble protein and soluble sugar as well as the decreased nitrate. The decrease of superoxide dismutase activity and accumulation of MDA suggested oxidative stress induced by PS NPs and PS MPs. Metabolomics analysis showed that foliar exposure to PS NPs disturbed the energy metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and ABC transporter, whereas PS MPs perturbed the lipid metabolism and cutin, suberin and wax biosynthesis in lettuce leaves. The different metabolic responses between PS NP and PS MP treatments highlighted the importance of particle size in investigating the phytotoxicity of airborne plastic particles. These results provided effective information for the risk assessment of airborne plastic particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":" 12","pages":" 4847-4861"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yingchao Du, Jingyu Yu, Baoliang Chen, Xiaoying Zhu
Membrane technology stands as a leading method for water and wastewater treatments. MXene, a type of two-dimensional material, has garnered significant interest as a promising next-generation membrane material. Its customizable pore structure, uniform pore size, and hydrophilicity make it highly suitable for membrane separation technologies. This manuscript elucidates the modification strategies employed and evaluates the performance of MXene-based membranes (MBMs). Initially, the preparation of MXene nanosheets, pivotal to membrane fabrication, is detailed. Subsequently, the fabrication methods of MBMs are presented, emphasizing filtration, coating assembly, and other fabrication techniques. Furthermore, we emphasize the modification strategies employed to enhance the performance of MBMs. These encompass the regulation of MXene nanosheets in terms of lateral size, terminal functional groups, and in-plane pores. Furthermore, adjustments are made to the membrane assembly processes, focusing on controlling interlayer spacing. This includes methods such as self-crosslinking, insertion, and the incorporation of hybrid functional layers. Additionally, surface modifications encompass the regulation of surface charge, surface wettability, and management of surface defects. Next, we delineate the key membrane applications, encompassing separation mechanisms and their promising utility. Lastly, we present the challenges and opportunities that MBMs face in the field of water purification, with the hope of providing profound insights into the design and synthesis of advanced MBMs.
{"title":"Recent progresses in modification strategies of MXene-based membranes for water and wastewater treatments","authors":"Yingchao Du, Jingyu Yu, Baoliang Chen, Xiaoying Zhu","doi":"10.1039/d4en00712c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00712c","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane technology stands as a leading method for water and wastewater treatments. MXene, a type of two-dimensional material, has garnered significant interest as a promising next-generation membrane material. Its customizable pore structure, uniform pore size, and hydrophilicity make it highly suitable for membrane separation technologies. This manuscript elucidates the modification strategies employed and evaluates the performance of MXene-based membranes (MBMs). Initially, the preparation of MXene nanosheets, pivotal to membrane fabrication, is detailed. Subsequently, the fabrication methods of MBMs are presented, emphasizing filtration, coating assembly, and other fabrication techniques. Furthermore, we emphasize the modification strategies employed to enhance the performance of MBMs. These encompass the regulation of MXene nanosheets in terms of lateral size, terminal functional groups, and in-plane pores. Furthermore, adjustments are made to the membrane assembly processes, focusing on controlling interlayer spacing. This includes methods such as self-crosslinking, insertion, and the incorporation of hybrid functional layers. Additionally, surface modifications encompass the regulation of surface charge, surface wettability, and management of surface defects. Next, we delineate the key membrane applications, encompassing separation mechanisms and their promising utility. Lastly, we present the challenges and opportunities that MBMs face in the field of water purification, with the hope of providing profound insights into the design and synthesis of advanced MBMs.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng Xiao, Yongqi Li, Shijie Wang, Jianing Zhang, Jia Hong Pan, Dongqin Yuan, Shuoxun Dong, Yili Wang
The reduction of advanced phosphate (P) levels is crucial for addressing the widespread and severe issue of aquatic eutrophication, which hinges on the development of effective adsorbents. Lanthanum (La)-based materials have been recognized as promising adsorbents for aqueous P removal. These materials are essential for overcoming the challenges posed by low P concentrations, including their inadequate chemical affinity and low utilization rate of active adsorption sites. In this study, a novel strategy for tuning the dispersion of La-O active sites was developed, utilizing hydrogen (H) bond-capping via organic-inorganic copolymerization. This approach significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of lanthanum hydroxide oligomer (LHO) copolymerized cationic hydrogel (LaCCH) from 56.9 mg/g to 70 mg/g, with consistent La content (14.7-14.9%), compared to La co-precipitated CH (La-CH). Additionally, La usage reached 308.2 mg P/g La. Fixed-bed experiments demonstrated that LaCCH effectively treated over 1098 bed volumes (BV) of synthetic wastewater (1.0 mg P/L) containing co-existing ions. Combined analyses using FTIR, Raman, and XPS confirmed that the inner-sphere complexation and formation of LaPO4·0.5H2O were key to P adsorption. TOF-SIMS and MD simulations further revealed that the pre-oligomerization strategy universally enhances the number of La-O active sites for P adsorption. In comparison to La coprecipitation, La oligomers copolymerized adsorbents significantly reduce the intermolecular hydrogen bonding effect in [La(OH)3], thereby lowering the interaction energy (Ei) between them and promoting the dispersion of La-O adsorption sites, which facilitates improved P removal.
降低高级磷酸盐（P）含量对于解决广泛而严重的水生富营养化问题至关重要，而这取决于有效吸附剂的开发。镧（La）基材料已被认为是去除水体中磷的有前途的吸附剂。这些材料对于克服低浓度磷带来的挑战至关重要，包括化学亲和力不足和活性吸附位点利用率低。在本研究中，通过有机-无机共聚，利用氢（H）键封端，开发了一种调整 La-O 活性位点分散的新策略。与镧共沉淀 CH（La-CH）相比，这种方法大大提高了氢氧化镧低聚物（LHO）共聚阳离子水凝胶（LaCCH）的吸附容量，从 56.9 mg/g 提高到 70 mg/g，且镧含量（14.7-14.9%）保持一致。此外，镧的用量达到了 308.2 毫克 P/克镧。固定床实验表明，La-CH 能有效处理超过 1098 床体积（BV）的含有共存离子的合成废水（1.0 毫克 P/L）。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱、拉曼光谱和 XPS 进行的综合分析证实，内球络合和 LaPO4-0.5H2O 的形成是吸附 P 的关键。TOF-SIMS 和 MD 模拟进一步表明，预聚策略普遍提高了吸附 P 的 La-O 活性位点的数量。与 La 共沉淀相比，La 低聚物共聚吸附剂能显著降低 [La(OH)3] 分子间的氢键效应，从而降低它们之间的相互作用能（Ei），促进 La-O 吸附位点的分散，有利于提高对 P 的去除率。
{"title":"Tuning La-O adsorption sites dispersion via hydrogen bond-capping organic-inorganic copolymerization strategy for enhanced phosphate removal","authors":"Feng Xiao, Yongqi Li, Shijie Wang, Jianing Zhang, Jia Hong Pan, Dongqin Yuan, Shuoxun Dong, Yili Wang","doi":"10.1039/d4en00791c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00791c","url":null,"abstract":"The reduction of advanced phosphate (P) levels is crucial for addressing the widespread and severe issue of aquatic eutrophication, which hinges on the development of effective adsorbents. Lanthanum (La)-based materials have been recognized as promising adsorbents for aqueous P removal. These materials are essential for overcoming the challenges posed by low P concentrations, including their inadequate chemical affinity and low utilization rate of active adsorption sites. In this study, a novel strategy for tuning the dispersion of La-O active sites was developed, utilizing hydrogen (H) bond-capping via organic-inorganic copolymerization. This approach significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of lanthanum hydroxide oligomer (LHO) copolymerized cationic hydrogel (LaCCH) from 56.9 mg/g to 70 mg/g, with consistent La content (14.7-14.9%), compared to La co-precipitated CH (La-CH). Additionally, La usage reached 308.2 mg P/g La. Fixed-bed experiments demonstrated that LaCCH effectively treated over 1098 bed volumes (BV) of synthetic wastewater (1.0 mg P/L) containing co-existing ions. Combined analyses using FTIR, Raman, and XPS confirmed that the inner-sphere complexation and formation of LaPO4·0.5H2O were key to P adsorption. TOF-SIMS and MD simulations further revealed that the pre-oligomerization strategy universally enhances the number of La-O active sites for P adsorption. In comparison to La coprecipitation, La oligomers copolymerized adsorbents significantly reduce the intermolecular hydrogen bonding effect in [La(OH)3], thereby lowering the interaction energy (Ei) between them and promoting the dispersion of La-O adsorption sites, which facilitates improved P removal.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jerusa Oliveira, Larissa Iolanda M. de Almeida, Francisco Rubens Alves dos Santos, João Paulo S. de Carvalho, Amanda Ingrid dos Santos Barbosa, Marcus Andrei R. F. da Costa, Vanessa Tomaz Maciel, Gabriela L. de Souza, Alysson N. Magalhães, Marcos V. Vermelho, Camilla Christian G. Moura, Felipe Berti Valer, Thiago Lopes Rocha, Sebastião William da Silva, Lucas Anhezini, Anielle Christine A. Silva
We explored the TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) by introducing red luminescence via europium (Eu) ion doping (TiO2:Eu). Our objective was to optimize their biocompatibility and luminescence through calcium (Ca) co-doping. To achieve this, nanomaterials were synthesized, and physical characterizations were performed by investigating the effects of the crystalline phase of TiO2 on the doping, morphology, zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter, and photocatalytic properties. Biological assessments were conducted using in vitro assays with human osteosarcoma cells (SAOS-2) through cytotoxicity assays and in vivo assays with Drosophila melanogaster, where we evaluated the mortality rate during postembryonic development and the luminescence of nanomaterials in vivo. Our results demonstrated the successful integration of Ca ions into the TiO2:Eu crystal (TiO2:Eu:xCa) structure without the emergence of additional phases or compounds. The co-doping of Ca led to a reduction of approximately 70% in photocatalytic activity. Moreover, co-doping with Ca was not cytotoxic to SAOS-2 cells. Our in vivo analysis showed no delays in postembryonic development and no larval or pupal lethality. The larval mortality rate and pupal formation rate were comparable to the control group when Drosophila were exposed to nanomaterials at concentrations of 1 mg/mL or lower. Luminescence of the NCs was detected in confocal microscopy images, indicating the presence of NCs in the larval brain and intestines. This luminescence was observed in Europium and Calcium-Co-Doped TiO2 (TiO2:Eu:xCa). These results showed that Ca doping improved the biocompatibility and enhanced the luminescence of these materials, making them traceable in biological tissues. Therefore, our research provides valuable insights into the tailored properties of TiO2 for potential applications in various fields of biomedicine.
{"title":"Europium and Calcium-Co-Doped TiO2 Nanocrystals: Tuning the Biocompatibility and Luminescent Traceability of Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Jerusa Oliveira, Larissa Iolanda M. de Almeida, Francisco Rubens Alves dos Santos, João Paulo S. de Carvalho, Amanda Ingrid dos Santos Barbosa, Marcus Andrei R. F. da Costa, Vanessa Tomaz Maciel, Gabriela L. de Souza, Alysson N. Magalhães, Marcos V. Vermelho, Camilla Christian G. Moura, Felipe Berti Valer, Thiago Lopes Rocha, Sebastião William da Silva, Lucas Anhezini, Anielle Christine A. Silva","doi":"10.1039/d4en00458b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00458b","url":null,"abstract":"We explored the TiO2 nanocrystals (NCs) by introducing red luminescence via europium (Eu) ion doping (TiO2:Eu). Our objective was to optimize their biocompatibility and luminescence through calcium (Ca) co-doping. To achieve this, nanomaterials were synthesized, and physical characterizations were performed by investigating the effects of the crystalline phase of TiO2 on the doping, morphology, zeta potential, hydrodynamic diameter, and photocatalytic properties. Biological assessments were conducted using in vitro assays with human osteosarcoma cells (SAOS-2) through cytotoxicity assays and in vivo assays with Drosophila melanogaster, where we evaluated the mortality rate during postembryonic development and the luminescence of nanomaterials in vivo. Our results demonstrated the successful integration of Ca ions into the TiO2:Eu crystal (TiO2:Eu:xCa) structure without the emergence of additional phases or compounds. The co-doping of Ca led to a reduction of approximately 70% in photocatalytic activity. Moreover, co-doping with Ca was not cytotoxic to SAOS-2 cells. Our in vivo analysis showed no delays in postembryonic development and no larval or pupal lethality. The larval mortality rate and pupal formation rate were comparable to the control group when Drosophila were exposed to nanomaterials at concentrations of 1 mg/mL or lower. Luminescence of the NCs was detected in confocal microscopy images, indicating the presence of NCs in the larval brain and intestines. This luminescence was observed in Europium and Calcium-Co-Doped TiO2 (TiO2:Eu:xCa). These results showed that Ca doping improved the biocompatibility and enhanced the luminescence of these materials, making them traceable in biological tissues. Therefore, our research provides valuable insights into the tailored properties of TiO2 for potential applications in various fields of biomedicine.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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