The aggregation behavior of nanoplastics (NPs) is largely controlled by the photoaging process. However, it remains unclear how the release of nanoplastic-derived dissolved organic matter (NPDOM) induced by photoaging affects the aggregation behavior of NPs with different surface functional groups. Herein, the aggregation behavior was studied for three types of polystyrene NPs, namely, pristine NPs (PS-Bare), NPs with amino (PS-NH2) and NPs with carboxyl (PS-COOH), in monovalent and divalent counterion solutions. The dominating mechanisms were addressed using various characterization methods and calculation by extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) theories. The results showed that the photoaging process inhibited the aggregation for PS-Bare and PS-COOH in a NaCl solution due to the increased steric repulsion arising from the adsorption of the NPDOM but promoted their aggregation in a CaCl2 solution due to the bridging effect between Ca2+ and the newly generated O-containing functional groups. In contrast, the aggregation of PS-NH2 was facilitated by photoaging both in mono- and divalent counterions, primarily attributed to reduced electrostatic repulsion and diminished hydration repulsion. These findings provide new insights into understanding and predicting the transport and fate of NPs with different surface chemistry properties in natural environments.
{"title":"Photoaging alters the aggregation behavior of functionalized nanoplastics differently: effects of leached organic matter and surface properties changes","authors":"Tingting Hu, Yandi Hu, Zhixiong Li, Shuhan Yu, Juanjuan Liu, Jiawei Chen","doi":"10.1039/d5en01063b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en01063b","url":null,"abstract":"The aggregation behavior of nanoplastics (NPs) is largely controlled by the photoaging process. However, it remains unclear how the release of nanoplastic-derived dissolved organic matter (NPDOM) induced by photoaging affects the aggregation behavior of NPs with different surface functional groups. Herein, the aggregation behavior was studied for three types of polystyrene NPs, namely, pristine NPs (PS-Bare), NPs with amino (PS-NH<small><sub>2</sub></small>) and NPs with carboxyl (PS-COOH), in monovalent and divalent counterion solutions. The dominating mechanisms were addressed using various characterization methods and calculation by extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) theories. The results showed that the photoaging process inhibited the aggregation for PS-Bare and PS-COOH in a NaCl solution due to the increased steric repulsion arising from the adsorption of the NPDOM but promoted their aggregation in a CaCl<small><sub>2</sub></small> solution due to the bridging effect between Ca<small><sup>2+</sup></small> and the newly generated O-containing functional groups. In contrast, the aggregation of PS-NH<small><sub>2</sub></small> was facilitated by photoaging both in mono- and divalent counterions, primarily attributed to reduced electrostatic repulsion and diminished hydration repulsion. These findings provide new insights into understanding and predicting the transport and fate of NPs with different surface chemistry properties in natural environments.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Subbotina, Oran McElligott, Vladimir Lobaskin
Micro- and nanoplastic pollution has been raising increasing concern due to their adverse environmental and potential human health effects. The impact of plastic particulates, especially in their nanoforms, on the health of living organisms is not fully understood. Based on substantial evidence, it can be assumed that the key processes underlying the bioaccumulation and toxicity of nano-sized materials are controlled by bio-nano interactions, particularly through the formation of protein coronas. Understanding the composition of such biocoronas and the factors governing their formation can aid in material risk assessment and the development of safety measures. In this study, we report on novel parametrization of UA/CoronaKMC coarse-grained multiscale approach for predicting protein corona composition that can be formed on pristine (PS) and modified forms (PS-NH2 and PS-COOH) of polystyrene nanoplastics in blood plasma. Reported methodology extends the use of UA/CoronaKMC method for further implementations into digital machine-learning SSbD frameworks for pre-assessments of the nanotoxicity of novel polymers.
{"title":"Modelling bionano interactions and potential health risks for environmental nanoplastics: the case of functionalized polystyrene.","authors":"Julia Subbotina, Oran McElligott, Vladimir Lobaskin","doi":"10.1039/d5en00784d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00784d","url":null,"abstract":"Micro- and nanoplastic pollution has been raising increasing concern due to their adverse environmental and potential human health effects. The impact of plastic particulates, especially in their nanoforms, on the health of living organisms is not fully understood. Based on substantial evidence, it can be assumed that the key processes underlying the bioaccumulation and toxicity of nano-sized materials are controlled by bio-nano interactions, particularly through the formation of protein coronas. Understanding the composition of such biocoronas and the factors governing their formation can aid in material risk assessment and the development of safety measures. In this study, we report on novel parametrization of UA/CoronaKMC coarse-grained multiscale approach for predicting protein corona composition that can be formed on pristine (PS) and modified forms (PS-NH2 and PS-COOH) of polystyrene nanoplastics in blood plasma. Reported methodology extends the use of UA/CoronaKMC method for further implementations into digital machine-learning SSbD frameworks for pre-assessments of the nanotoxicity of novel polymers.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146089275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluoride (F−) is widely distributed in nature, but its excessive discharge can lead to severe ecological and health problems. Therefore, it is of very great significance to develop sensitive and accurate method for F− detection. Herein, dual-mode fluorometric and colorimetric sensors based on MIL-53(Fe)-CQDs@SiO2 are synthesized by the step-by-step self-assembly method. Notably, introduced carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can accelerate the charge transfer and activate the intrinsic active sites of MIL-53(Fe), thereby enhancing peroxidase-like activity of MIL-53(Fe). Meanwhile, CQDs as functional group can also impart the fluorescence property to MIL-53(Fe), and outer SiO2 is acted as the start switch controlling peroxidase-like activity and fluorescence property of MIL-53(Fe)-CQDs@SiO2. Benefiting from peroxidase-like activity and fluorescence property of MIL-53(Fe)-CQDs@SiO2, a feasible and effective fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode analytical method for specificity detecting F− is established. The application of two analytical platform will improve the accuracy and reliability of detection method. As expected, both fluorescence and colorimetric analytical methods exhibit the broad linear ranges and low limit of detection values, demonstrating the excellent application potential in the detection of F−. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis suggests that SiO2 is acted as the recognition site and is etched by F− so influencing the changes in absorbance and fluorescence of system. All in all, current work provides a sensitive and reliable method for detecting F−.
{"title":"Dual-mode fluorometric and colorimetric sensors based on carbon quantum dots-doped MIL-53(Fe) encapsulated in SiO2 shells for fluoride detection","authors":"Yujun Mo, Ziyi Guo, Shengran Yu, Zihan Xu, Zetao Cai, Yudi Wang, Shi-Wen Lv, Yanqing Cong","doi":"10.1039/d5en01045d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en01045d","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoride (F−) is widely distributed in nature, but its excessive discharge can lead to severe ecological and health problems. Therefore, it is of very great significance to develop sensitive and accurate method for F− detection. Herein, dual-mode fluorometric and colorimetric sensors based on MIL-53(Fe)-CQDs@SiO2 are synthesized by the step-by-step self-assembly method. Notably, introduced carbon quantum dots (CQDs) can accelerate the charge transfer and activate the intrinsic active sites of MIL-53(Fe), thereby enhancing peroxidase-like activity of MIL-53(Fe). Meanwhile, CQDs as functional group can also impart the fluorescence property to MIL-53(Fe), and outer SiO2 is acted as the start switch controlling peroxidase-like activity and fluorescence property of MIL-53(Fe)-CQDs@SiO2. Benefiting from peroxidase-like activity and fluorescence property of MIL-53(Fe)-CQDs@SiO2, a feasible and effective fluorescence and colorimetric dual-mode analytical method for specificity detecting F− is established. The application of two analytical platform will improve the accuracy and reliability of detection method. As expected, both fluorescence and colorimetric analytical methods exhibit the broad linear ranges and low limit of detection values, demonstrating the excellent application potential in the detection of F−. Furthermore, the mechanism analysis suggests that SiO2 is acted as the recognition site and is etched by F− so influencing the changes in absorbance and fluorescence of system. All in all, current work provides a sensitive and reliable method for detecting F−.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interactions between nanoplastics and soil proteins can profoundly influence their environmental behavior and transformation in terrestrial environments. Here, experimental characterisations combined with molecular dynamics simulations were employed to elucidate the mechanisms governing the interactions between soil proteins and nanoplastics with different surface functionalities. All three nanoplastics adsorbed soil proteins to form distinct protein corona. Amino-modified nanoplastics formed more complex and stable coronas primarily through electrostatic interactions, whereas unmodified and carboxyl-modified particles exhibited weaker adsorption driven by hydrophobic interactions. Spectroscopic analyses revealed protein conformational rearrangements upon adsorption, while proteomic profiling indicated enrichment of proteins related to microbial metabolism and environmental adaptation. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed strong and stable binding between amino-modified nanoplastics and the representative soil protein elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), dominated by electrostatic forces. These findings provide molecular-level insights into how surface modification modulates nanoplastic-protein interactions in soil-relevant systems.
{"title":"Unraveling the Interfacial Fate of Nanoplastics in Soil: Proteomics and Molecular Dynamics Decipher the Protein Corona Governed by Surface Functionalization","authors":"Kejie Tao, Yaning Luan, Jing Li","doi":"10.1039/d5en01079a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en01079a","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between nanoplastics and soil proteins can profoundly influence their environmental behavior and transformation in terrestrial environments. Here, experimental characterisations combined with molecular dynamics simulations were employed to elucidate the mechanisms governing the interactions between soil proteins and nanoplastics with different surface functionalities. All three nanoplastics adsorbed soil proteins to form distinct protein corona. Amino-modified nanoplastics formed more complex and stable coronas primarily through electrostatic interactions, whereas unmodified and carboxyl-modified particles exhibited weaker adsorption driven by hydrophobic interactions. Spectroscopic analyses revealed protein conformational rearrangements upon adsorption, while proteomic profiling indicated enrichment of proteins related to microbial metabolism and environmental adaptation. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed strong and stable binding between amino-modified nanoplastics and the representative soil protein elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), dominated by electrostatic forces. These findings provide molecular-level insights into how surface modification modulates nanoplastic-protein interactions in soil-relevant systems.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, WO3 was used as a support to prepare noble metal-based IrRu/WO3 catalysts for the CO selective catalytic reduction (CO-SCR) in oxygen-rich flue gas. The CO-SCR activity was promoted through the synergistic interaction between Ir and Ru, coupled with the tailored interface between oxygen-deficient WO3 and the bimetallic IrRu nanoclusters. XRD and TEM results confirmed the formation of well-dispersed Ir–Ru nanoparticles, as well as a reduction-induced transformation of WO3 to WO2.92. Various techniques, along with DFT calculations, were employed to investigate the synergistic roles of Ir and Ru, as well as the contribution of the WO3 support. The enhanced CO-SCR activity of IrRu/WO3 was attributed to the electronic synergy between Ir and Ru, which stabilized Ir0 and facilitated NO activation, and the oxygen vacancies in WO3 induced by the strong metal–support interaction (SMSI). These vacancies not only protected active metal sites but also generated reactive oxygen species that stabilize NOx as nitrates. This work addresses the gap in understanding WO3-supported IrRu bimetallic catalysts and provides new perspectives for designing efficient CO-SCR catalysts, setting the stage for further mechanistic and kinetic investigations.
{"title":"Designing bimetallic IrRu nanoparticles on oxygen-deficient WO3 for efficient NO reduction by CO","authors":"Wenjun Zhang, Yanshan Gao, Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5en01096a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en01096a","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, WO<small><sub>3</sub></small> was used as a support to prepare noble metal-based IrRu/WO<small><sub>3</sub></small> catalysts for the CO selective catalytic reduction (CO-SCR) in oxygen-rich flue gas. The CO-SCR activity was promoted through the synergistic interaction between Ir and Ru, coupled with the tailored interface between oxygen-deficient WO<small><sub>3</sub></small> and the bimetallic IrRu nanoclusters. XRD and TEM results confirmed the formation of well-dispersed Ir–Ru nanoparticles, as well as a reduction-induced transformation of WO<small><sub>3</sub></small> to WO<small><sub>2.92</sub></small>. Various techniques, along with DFT calculations, were employed to investigate the synergistic roles of Ir and Ru, as well as the contribution of the WO<small><sub>3</sub></small> support. The enhanced CO-SCR activity of IrRu/WO<small><sub>3</sub></small> was attributed to the electronic synergy between Ir and Ru, which stabilized Ir<small><sup>0</sup></small> and facilitated NO activation, and the oxygen vacancies in WO<small><sub>3</sub></small> induced by the strong metal–support interaction (SMSI). These vacancies not only protected active metal sites but also generated reactive oxygen species that stabilize NO<small><sub><em>x</em></sub></small> as nitrates. This work addresses the gap in understanding WO<small><sub>3</sub></small>-supported IrRu bimetallic catalysts and provides new perspectives for designing efficient CO-SCR catalysts, setting the stage for further mechanistic and kinetic investigations.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kan Huang, Zongfeng Hu, Songwei Wu, Qiling Tan, Chengxiao Hu, Xuecheng Sun
Nano-silicon (Nano-Si) and ionic silicon (Ion-Si) were compared for their capacity to alleviate cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Cd-tolerant (HG) and Cd-sensitive (HXW) pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) cultivars under 10 μM Cd stress. Nano-Si outperformed Ion-Si in enhancing biomass and dry matter accumulation and exhibited genotype-adaptive regulatory effects rather than relying on high Si accumulation for broad-spectrum Cd suppression. In HG, Nano-Si triggered a blockade-sequestration strategy by downregulating the root-to-shoot Cd transporter BcCdR15 and upregulating the vacuolar sequestration transporter BcCAX2, thereby restricting Cd root-to-shoot translocation, protecting leaves, and rapidly restoring photosynthetic efficiency. In HXW, Nano-Si adopted a buffering-dilution strategy by permitting Cd translocation while alleviating toxicity through strengthened leaf antioxidant defenses, optimized subcellular Cd compartmentalization that minimized Cd accumulation in sensitive organelles, and progressive repair of the photosynthetic apparatus. These results demonstrate that Nano-Si acts as a biostimulant that precisely modulates endogenous detoxification pathways in a genotype-dependent manner, conferring superior regulatory efficacy over conventional silicon fertilizers in mitigating Cd stress in leafy vegetables.
{"title":"Genotype-Adaptive Regulatory Mechanisms of Nano-Silicon in Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Pakchoi","authors":"Kan Huang, Zongfeng Hu, Songwei Wu, Qiling Tan, Chengxiao Hu, Xuecheng Sun","doi":"10.1039/d5en01097g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en01097g","url":null,"abstract":"Nano-silicon (Nano-Si) and ionic silicon (Ion-Si) were compared for their capacity to alleviate cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Cd-tolerant (HG) and Cd-sensitive (HXW) pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) cultivars under 10 μM Cd stress. Nano-Si outperformed Ion-Si in enhancing biomass and dry matter accumulation and exhibited genotype-adaptive regulatory effects rather than relying on high Si accumulation for broad-spectrum Cd suppression. In HG, Nano-Si triggered a blockade-sequestration strategy by downregulating the root-to-shoot Cd transporter BcCdR15 and upregulating the vacuolar sequestration transporter BcCAX2, thereby restricting Cd root-to-shoot translocation, protecting leaves, and rapidly restoring photosynthetic efficiency. In HXW, Nano-Si adopted a buffering-dilution strategy by permitting Cd translocation while alleviating toxicity through strengthened leaf antioxidant defenses, optimized subcellular Cd compartmentalization that minimized Cd accumulation in sensitive organelles, and progressive repair of the photosynthetic apparatus. These results demonstrate that Nano-Si acts as a biostimulant that precisely modulates endogenous detoxification pathways in a genotype-dependent manner, conferring superior regulatory efficacy over conventional silicon fertilizers in mitigating Cd stress in leafy vegetables.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146048769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pesticides play a crucial role in agricultural production. However, long-term application or overuse of pesticides has led to the development of resistance in target organisms, causing significant damage to ecosystems and non-target species. Nano-agrochemicals (NAs) have shown potential to improve pesticide performance, promote crop growth, and reduce environmental pollution. This review comprehensively summarizes the classification of NAs and their bidirectional interactions with plant systems and soil microenvironments and elaborates on the regulatory mechanisms of the “nanoparticle–plant–soil” three-dimensional (3D) network. It provides a theoretical reference for the design of environmentally friendly NAs and their application in sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"The interaction and regulation of nano-agrochemicals in plant–soil microenvironment systems","authors":"Cheng Luo, Anna Zhu, Qingwen Wu, Chunqing Hou, Jiaqi Sun, Xinyi Wang, Fang Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5en01016k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en01016k","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides play a crucial role in agricultural production. However, long-term application or overuse of pesticides has led to the development of resistance in target organisms, causing significant damage to ecosystems and non-target species. Nano-agrochemicals (NAs) have shown potential to improve pesticide performance, promote crop growth, and reduce environmental pollution. This review comprehensively summarizes the classification of NAs and their bidirectional interactions with plant systems and soil microenvironments and elaborates on the regulatory mechanisms of the “nanoparticle–plant–soil” three-dimensional (3D) network. It provides a theoretical reference for the design of environmentally friendly NAs and their application in sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuancai Lv, Chaolin Xie, Wangcheng Lan, Yifan Liu, Xiaoxia Ye, Chunxiang Lin, Liang Song, Jianhui Huang, Tian Chen, Minghua Liu
Rapid, sensitive, and reliable analysis of trace organic pollutants such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aqueous matrices is critical for water quality assessment. In this study, a self-supported fluorine-functionalized covalent organic framework membrane (F-COF membrane) was fabricated via bottom-up functionalization modification at room temperature and employed as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating for the enrichment and determination of trace OCPs in water. The as-synthesized F-COF membrane exhibited a large specific surface area (482.58 m² g⁻¹), superhydrophobicity, abundant surface functional groups (e.g., -C=N-, -F, and -NH₂), and excellent stability. Under optimized conditions, the F-COF-based SPME coating achieved superior performance in enriching 20 trace OCPs, with enrichment factors (EFs) as high as 2527-6120, along with outstanding reusability (over 180 extraction cycles). These performance metrics outperformed those of most previously reported SPME coating materials. The efficient enrichment mechanism of the F-COF membrane toward trace OCPs was attributed to the synergistic effects of hydrophobic interaction, halogen bonding, π-π stacking, and size-matching effects. Subsequently, the developed F-COF-based direct immersion solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (F-COF-DI-SPME-GC/MS) method demonstrated good linearity over the concentration range of 0.1–5000 ng L⁻¹, ultra-low limits of detection (LODs, 0.001–0.065 ng L⁻¹), and high precision, making it suitable for the determination of trace OCPs in water samples. Furthermore, the application of this method to the analysis of real water samples (lake water, river water, and seawater) revealed excellent matrix interference resistance. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained in the range of 86.15%–111.14% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 9.60%, indicating that the proposed F-COF-DI-SPME-GC/MS method is well-suited for the accurate monitoring of OCPs in various real aqueous matrices.
快速、灵敏、可靠地分析水基质中痕量有机污染物，如有机氯农药（OCPs），对水质评价至关重要。本研究在室温下通过自下而上的功能化改性制备了一种自支撑氟功能化共价有机框架膜（F-COF膜），并将其作为固相微萃取（SPME）涂层用于水中痕量OCPs的富集和测定。合成的F-COF膜具有大的比表面积（482.58 m²g - 1），超疏水性，丰富的表面官能团（如- c =N-， - f和- nh2）和优异的稳定性。在优化条件下，f - cof基SPME涂层在富集20种痕量OCPs方面表现优异，富集因子（EFs）高达2527 ~ 6120，且可重复使用（萃取周期超过180次）。这些性能指标优于大多数先前报道的SPME涂层材料。F-COF膜对痕量OCPs的富集机制是疏水相互作用、卤素键、π-π堆积和尺寸匹配效应的协同作用。建立了以氟氯化碳为基础的直接浸没固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法（F-COF-DI-SPME-GC/MS），在0.1 ~ 5000 ng L -⁻¹浓度范围内线性良好，超低检出限（LODs, 0.001 ~ 0.065 ng L -⁻），精密度高，适用于水样中痕量ocp的测定。此外，将该方法应用于实际水样（湖水、河水和海水）的分析，显示出良好的基质抗干扰性。回收率为86.15% ~ 111.14%，相对标准偏差（rsd）为9.60%，表明所建立的F-COF-DI-SPME-GC/MS方法适用于各种实际水溶液中OCPs的精确监测。
{"title":"Rapidly, sensitively and reliably monitoring trace organochlorine pesticides with self-supporting fluorine -functionalized covalent organic framework membrane in water","authors":"Yuancai Lv, Chaolin Xie, Wangcheng Lan, Yifan Liu, Xiaoxia Ye, Chunxiang Lin, Liang Song, Jianhui Huang, Tian Chen, Minghua Liu","doi":"10.1039/d5en01089f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en01089f","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid, sensitive, and reliable analysis of trace organic pollutants such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aqueous matrices is critical for water quality assessment. In this study, a self-supported fluorine-functionalized covalent organic framework membrane (F-COF membrane) was fabricated via bottom-up functionalization modification at room temperature and employed as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating for the enrichment and determination of trace OCPs in water. The as-synthesized F-COF membrane exhibited a large specific surface area (482.58 m² g⁻¹), superhydrophobicity, abundant surface functional groups (e.g., -C=N-, -F, and -NH₂), and excellent stability. Under optimized conditions, the F-COF-based SPME coating achieved superior performance in enriching 20 trace OCPs, with enrichment factors (EFs) as high as 2527-6120, along with outstanding reusability (over 180 extraction cycles). These performance metrics outperformed those of most previously reported SPME coating materials. The efficient enrichment mechanism of the F-COF membrane toward trace OCPs was attributed to the synergistic effects of hydrophobic interaction, halogen bonding, π-π stacking, and size-matching effects. Subsequently, the developed F-COF-based direct immersion solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (F-COF-DI-SPME-GC/MS) method demonstrated good linearity over the concentration range of 0.1–5000 ng L⁻¹, ultra-low limits of detection (LODs, 0.001–0.065 ng L⁻¹), and high precision, making it suitable for the determination of trace OCPs in water samples. Furthermore, the application of this method to the analysis of real water samples (lake water, river water, and seawater) revealed excellent matrix interference resistance. Satisfactory recoveries were obtained in the range of 86.15%–111.14% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 9.60%, indicating that the proposed F-COF-DI-SPME-GC/MS method is well-suited for the accurate monitoring of OCPs in various real aqueous matrices.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Babar Malook, Munazza Ijaz, Rafia Ijaz, Jintao Shang, Luqiong Lv, Temoor Ahmed, Muhammad Noman, Salman Ahmad, Xuqing Li, Bin Li
Bacterial plant diseases remain a major constraint to global agriculture, threatening food security through yield losses, quality reduction, and increased production costs. Conventional chemical bactericides are becoming less effective due to pathogen adaptability, resistance development, and ecological concerns, creating an urgent need for innovative and sustainable alternatives. Recent advances in nanotechnology present a transformative opportunity by introducing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with unique physicochemical properties such as nanoscale size, enhanced reactivity, and precise delivery capabilities. This review examines the integration of nanotechnology with plant disease management, highlighting strategies such as direct antibacterial action, nanomaterial-based encapsulation, functionalization, and stimuli-responsive delivery systems. Metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, engineered nanocomposites, polymer-based nanoparticles and nano–phage hybrids are explored for their ability to disrupt pathogen membranes, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhance immune responses, and enable smart, controlled release of antimicrobials. Furthermore, ENMs offer dual benefits by promoting plant growth and priming systemic resistance, creating multifunctional platforms that extend beyond pathogen suppression. By bridging mechanistic insights with practical applications, nanotechnology-enabled interventions have the potential to revolutionize bacterial disease management in crops, offering a sustainable, precise, and eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods, and contributing significantly to agricultural resilience and global food security. The review also addresses critical challenges including biosafety, environmental fate, scalability, standardization, and regulatory barriers.
{"title":"Nanotechnology-based strategies for sustainable management of bacterial plant diseases: mechanisms, applications, and future directions","authors":"Muhammad Babar Malook, Munazza Ijaz, Rafia Ijaz, Jintao Shang, Luqiong Lv, Temoor Ahmed, Muhammad Noman, Salman Ahmad, Xuqing Li, Bin Li","doi":"10.1039/d5en00936g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en00936g","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial plant diseases remain a major constraint to global agriculture, threatening food security through yield losses, quality reduction, and increased production costs. Conventional chemical bactericides are becoming less effective due to pathogen adaptability, resistance development, and ecological concerns, creating an urgent need for innovative and sustainable alternatives. Recent advances in nanotechnology present a transformative opportunity by introducing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with unique physicochemical properties such as nanoscale size, enhanced reactivity, and precise delivery capabilities. This review examines the integration of nanotechnology with plant disease management, highlighting strategies such as direct antibacterial action, nanomaterial-based encapsulation, functionalization, and stimuli-responsive delivery systems. Metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, engineered nanocomposites, polymer-based nanoparticles and nano–phage hybrids are explored for their ability to disrupt pathogen membranes, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhance immune responses, and enable smart, controlled release of antimicrobials. Furthermore, ENMs offer dual benefits by promoting plant growth and priming systemic resistance, creating multifunctional platforms that extend beyond pathogen suppression. By bridging mechanistic insights with practical applications, nanotechnology-enabled interventions have the potential to revolutionize bacterial disease management in crops, offering a sustainable, precise, and eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods, and contributing significantly to agricultural resilience and global food security. The review also addresses critical challenges including biosafety, environmental fate, scalability, standardization, and regulatory barriers.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Yang, Peng Zhao, Xiaolei Wei, Chao Huang, Wu-Hong Lv, Yu-Chen Zhou, Zhi Luo
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are widely used in industry and agriculture, leading to their persistent occurrence and accumulation in aquatic environments and posing potential environmental risks. However, the specific role and underlying mechanisms of CuO NPs on the health risks of aquatic organisms remain unclear. This study revealed that dietary exposure to high levels of CuO NPs elevated hepatic Cu content, induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that exacerbate hepatic lipotoxicity. Mechanistically, high dietary CuO NPs enhanced the interaction between domains 1 and 3 of the Cu chaperone for superoxide dismutase (Ccs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (Mek1), which subsequently activated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (Erk1T202/Y204 and Erk2T185/Y187). The activated Erk1/2 mediated CuO NPs-induced lipotoxicity by suppressing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (Pparα) and promoting its phosphorylation at the S77 site. Further investigation demonstrated that Pparα phosphorylation impaired fatty acid β-oxidation by downregulating the promoter activities of long chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase (acadl) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase Ia1b (cptIa1b). For the first time, this study elucidated the novel mechanism by which CuO NPs induced metabolic disorder via the Ccs/Mek1/Erk1/2/Pparα signaling axis. These findings provide critical evidence for the toxicological and environmental risk assessment of nanoparticles, while also deepen the mechanistic understanding of nanometal exposure-induced health effects in aquatic animals within complex environments.
{"title":"Mechanistic insights into dietary CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs)-induced hepatic lipotoxicity: The critical role of the Ccs/Mek1/Erk1/2/Pparα pathway and mitochondrial oxidative stress","authors":"Hong Yang, Peng Zhao, Xiaolei Wei, Chao Huang, Wu-Hong Lv, Yu-Chen Zhou, Zhi Luo","doi":"10.1039/d5en01152c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5en01152c","url":null,"abstract":"Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are widely used in industry and agriculture, leading to their persistent occurrence and accumulation in aquatic environments and posing potential environmental risks. However, the specific role and underlying mechanisms of CuO NPs on the health risks of aquatic organisms remain unclear. This study revealed that dietary exposure to high levels of CuO NPs elevated hepatic Cu content, induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction that exacerbate hepatic lipotoxicity. Mechanistically, high dietary CuO NPs enhanced the interaction between domains 1 and 3 of the Cu chaperone for superoxide dismutase (Ccs) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (Mek1), which subsequently activated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (Erk1T202/Y204 and Erk2T185/Y187). The activated Erk1/2 mediated CuO NPs-induced lipotoxicity by suppressing the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (Pparα) and promoting its phosphorylation at the S77 site. Further investigation demonstrated that Pparα phosphorylation impaired fatty acid β-oxidation by downregulating the promoter activities of long chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase (acadl) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase Ia1b (cptIa1b). For the first time, this study elucidated the novel mechanism by which CuO NPs induced metabolic disorder via the Ccs/Mek1/Erk1/2/Pparα signaling axis. These findings provide critical evidence for the toxicological and environmental risk assessment of nanoparticles, while also deepen the mechanistic understanding of nanometal exposure-induced health effects in aquatic animals within complex environments.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.131,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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