Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.346
Niang Aissatou Ahmet, Sambe Ba Bissoume, S. Abdoulaye, D. Amadou, F. Khota, Wane Abdoul Aziz, Bercion Raymond, K. Roughyatou, Sow Ahmad Iyane, G. Amy
Salmonellosis is a major public health problem, especially with the emergence of multi-resistant Salmonella. The healthy carrier, an important factor of dissemination of Salmonella in the environment ensures inter-human transmission, especially in children. In Senegal, studies on (carrying Salmonella are lacking. Thus, this work was (was conducted) to determine the (carrying rate of Salmonella), characterize phenotypically and genotypically Salmonella strains isolated from healthy carriers in Dakar. This is a prospective study of five community sites (Jeddah Thiaroye Kao, Guinaw Rail South, North Pikine, Pikine East Guinaw North Rail) between January 2013 and April 2014. Phenotypic and molecular analysis PCR detection simplex virulence genes and typing by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing were performed at the Experimental Bacteriology Unit of the Institut Pasteur in Dakar. Sixteen Salmonella of one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight (1888) stool specimens were identified to be a carrier rate of 0.84% for a variety of serotypes (Brancaster, Chester, Give, Poona, Agona, Johannesburg, Istanbul, Enteritidis, Corvalis). If all the Salmonella strains were sensitive to beta-lactams, 25% were resistant to at least one antibiotic (nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline). All isolates show all virulence genes (invA, orfL, Pipd, SpiC, Misl). Meanwhile, the SpvR virulence gene was detected in one isolate associated with Serovar enteritidis. This reflects the pathogenicity degree of Salmonella strains and therefore their ability to cause human disease. The Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) technique has revealed that phenotypically identical serotypes had no allelic variation. This suggests that these clones were widely distributed geographically and are probably outstanding in a wide range of hosts. Two new ST were found with Chester and Brancaster. Considering the characteristics of isolated Salmonella in this study and the impact of carriers on public health, monitoring of healthy carriers is needed.
{"title":"Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Asymptomatic Carriers in the Suburb of Dakar","authors":"Niang Aissatou Ahmet, Sambe Ba Bissoume, S. Abdoulaye, D. Amadou, F. Khota, Wane Abdoul Aziz, Bercion Raymond, K. Roughyatou, Sow Ahmad Iyane, G. Amy","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.346","url":null,"abstract":"Salmonellosis is a major public health problem, especially with the emergence of multi-resistant Salmonella. The healthy carrier, an important factor of dissemination of Salmonella in the environment ensures inter-human transmission, especially in children. In Senegal, studies on (carrying Salmonella are lacking. Thus, this work was (was conducted) to determine the (carrying rate of Salmonella), characterize phenotypically and genotypically Salmonella strains isolated from healthy carriers in Dakar. This is a prospective study of five community sites (Jeddah Thiaroye Kao, Guinaw Rail South, North Pikine, Pikine East Guinaw North Rail) between January 2013 and April 2014. Phenotypic and molecular analysis PCR detection simplex virulence genes and typing by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing were performed at the Experimental Bacteriology Unit of the Institut Pasteur in Dakar. Sixteen Salmonella of one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight (1888) stool specimens were identified to be a carrier rate of 0.84% for a variety of serotypes (Brancaster, Chester, Give, Poona, Agona, Johannesburg, Istanbul, Enteritidis, Corvalis). If all the Salmonella strains were sensitive to beta-lactams, 25% were resistant to at least one antibiotic (nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline). All isolates show all virulence genes (invA, orfL, Pipd, SpiC, Misl). Meanwhile, the SpvR virulence gene was detected in one isolate associated with Serovar enteritidis. This reflects the pathogenicity degree of Salmonella strains and therefore their ability to cause human disease. The Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) technique has revealed that phenotypically identical serotypes had no allelic variation. This suggests that these clones were widely distributed geographically and are probably outstanding in a wide range of hosts. Two new ST were found with Chester and Brancaster. Considering the characteristics of isolated Salmonella in this study and the impact of carriers on public health, monitoring of healthy carriers is needed.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.354
S. Faisal, Muhammad Taj Akbar, Abdullah, H. Shah, Asma Qudrat, Faheem Jan, Jafarpoor Ali
Malaria is a febrile illness, caused by malarial plasmodium parasite. It is the most prevalent infectious disease in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world in addition Pakistan is amongst the highly affected countries regarding infectivity rate of malaria. The main objective of the current research was to analyzed haematological changes and seroprevalence of malaria infection in patients caused by Plasmodium vivax. The study was conducted at Katlang Diagnostic Centre Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 188 patients having malaria disease were enrolled, in which frequency of male patients were 122 (64.9%) while frequency of female patients was 66 (35.1%). Results indicated that there was no association between gender and BT Ring condition, because the value of chi-square (0.215) was greater than p value (0.5). Similarly, the value of chi-square (0.540) was greater than p value (0.05), which showed that there was no association between gender and B Trophozoite condition. Analysis also showed that there was close association between BT Ring and B Trophozoite condition with each other, because the value of chi-square is (0.000) which is less than p value (0.05). The present study concludes that there is a close association between BT Ring and B Trophozoite conditions.
{"title":"Analysis of Hematological Changes and Seroprevalence of Malarial Patients Caused by Plasmodium Vivax Using Statistical Tools","authors":"S. Faisal, Muhammad Taj Akbar, Abdullah, H. Shah, Asma Qudrat, Faheem Jan, Jafarpoor Ali","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.354","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a febrile illness, caused by malarial plasmodium parasite. It is the most prevalent infectious disease in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world in addition Pakistan is amongst the highly affected countries regarding infectivity rate of malaria. The main objective of the current research was to analyzed haematological changes and seroprevalence of malaria infection in patients caused by Plasmodium vivax. The study was conducted at Katlang Diagnostic Centre Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 188 patients having malaria disease were enrolled, in which frequency of male patients were 122 (64.9%) while frequency of female patients was 66 (35.1%). Results indicated that there was no association between gender and BT Ring condition, because the value of chi-square (0.215) was greater than p value (0.5). Similarly, the value of chi-square (0.540) was greater than p value (0.05), which showed that there was no association between gender and B Trophozoite condition. Analysis also showed that there was close association between BT Ring and B Trophozoite condition with each other, because the value of chi-square is (0.000) which is less than p value (0.05). The present study concludes that there is a close association between BT Ring and B Trophozoite conditions.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.355
Chiazor Somachi Obodo, Obiageli Patience Ubachukwu, C. G. Nwosu, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku
Malaria risks and management practices among women receiving antenatal care in Owerri metropolis, Imo State was investigated. A total of 342 pregnant women that had lived in the study area for at least 1 year were recruited. Ethical clearance and informed consent were sought and obtained prior to the survey. At recruitment, each participating woman was administered a questionnaire to help capture information on risk factors, clinical status and symptoms, and their ethno-management practices. Results showed that the risk factors that predisposed pregnant women to P. falciparum infection implicated presence of sewage and overgrown bushes around residence, engaging in much farming and staying outdoors at night, when compared with abstainers that had less likelihood (p<0.05). Less than 35% of the women admitted they had episodes of fever, headache, cough/catarrah, anorexia and weakness, and mostly occurred during their first trimester. Malaria management among the women were the use of spray (37.4%), drug (27.5%) and treated net (19.3%) among others, with poor compliance and adherence. High preponderant of the women responded they had treatment satisfaction due to good health care delivery (38.0%) and drug effectiveness (33.3%) at moderate treatment cost. In conclusion, whereas environmental and behavioural factors do expose pregnant women alike to malaria infection, those in their first trimester are at more risk considering the higher rate of their clinical manifestations. Therefore, awareness campaigns by healthcare workers and/or trained volunteers should be carried out more intensely to address the poor compliance to malaria management procedures in the study area.
{"title":"Risk Factors and Management Practices for Malaria Among Pregnant Women in Owerri Metropolis-A Population-Based Study","authors":"Chiazor Somachi Obodo, Obiageli Patience Ubachukwu, C. G. Nwosu, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.355","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria risks and management practices among women receiving antenatal care in Owerri metropolis, Imo State was investigated. A total of 342 pregnant women that had lived in the study area for at least 1 year were recruited. Ethical clearance and informed consent were sought and obtained prior to the survey. At recruitment, each participating woman was administered a questionnaire to help capture information on risk factors, clinical status and symptoms, and their ethno-management practices. Results showed that the risk factors that predisposed pregnant women to P. falciparum infection implicated presence of sewage and overgrown bushes around residence, engaging in much farming and staying outdoors at night, when compared with abstainers that had less likelihood (p<0.05). Less than 35% of the women admitted they had episodes of fever, headache, cough/catarrah, anorexia and weakness, and mostly occurred during their first trimester. Malaria management among the women were the use of spray (37.4%), drug (27.5%) and treated net (19.3%) among others, with poor compliance and adherence. High preponderant of the women responded they had treatment satisfaction due to good health care delivery (38.0%) and drug effectiveness (33.3%) at moderate treatment cost. In conclusion, whereas environmental and behavioural factors do expose pregnant women alike to malaria infection, those in their first trimester are at more risk considering the higher rate of their clinical manifestations. Therefore, awareness campaigns by healthcare workers and/or trained volunteers should be carried out more intensely to address the poor compliance to malaria management procedures in the study area.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.356
Amitabha Das
COVID 19 is become one of the most threatened pandemics in recent time and spreading rapidly. Favipiravir, an antiviral drug, has shown promising but yet unproven effect against COVID-19 infection. Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) has recently approved Favipiravir for treating moderate to severe COVID-19 infected patients. Favipiravir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that interferes with the viral replication and emerging as promising therapeutic potential as indicated by initial clinical studies. In this literature review author tries to summaries an overview of Favipiravir as a promising therapy for COVID-19 disease.
{"title":"Favipiravir: Promising Therapy for COVID-19","authors":"Amitabha Das","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.356","url":null,"abstract":"COVID 19 is become one of the most threatened pandemics in recent time and spreading rapidly. Favipiravir, an antiviral drug, has shown promising but yet unproven effect against COVID-19 infection. Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) has recently approved Favipiravir for treating moderate to severe COVID-19 infected patients. Favipiravir, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that interferes with the viral replication and emerging as promising therapeutic potential as indicated by initial clinical studies. In this literature review author tries to summaries an overview of Favipiravir as a promising therapy for COVID-19 disease.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.8.343
Abay Sisay, Ashebir Gurmessa, Wondimeneh Liknew
Background: Laboratory quality management system is one of the most important initiative change taken place in the field of the medical laboratory as a comprehensive and transformational strategy to improve the quality of service to respond the needs and expectations of the society in Ethiopia since 2009. Objective: This study aimed to assess factors affecting laboratory quality management system implementation among Addis Ababa health laboratories, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design approach was used from September 2017 to February 2018 using both quantitative and quantitative data collection approach. Data were entered, cleaned using EPI-Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version.20 software for analysis. Results: Nine variables were found considerably associated with LQMS implementation (p<0.05) where method validation and verification, root cause analysis, laboratory equipment maintenance related issues, external quality assessment, professional competency, measurement uncertainty analysis, evaluation, and audit and trained staff turnover. Conclusion: The overall findings illustrate that there is a need for facility management should set a specified budget for laboratory quality management implementation and should into consideration those factors while laboratory quality management system implementation.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Implementation of Laboratory Quality Management System inAddis Ababa Public Health Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Abay Sisay, Ashebir Gurmessa, Wondimeneh Liknew","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.8.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.8.343","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Laboratory quality management system is one of the most important initiative change taken place in the field of the medical laboratory as a comprehensive and transformational strategy to improve the quality of service to respond the needs and expectations of the society in Ethiopia since 2009. Objective: This study aimed to assess factors affecting laboratory quality management system implementation among Addis Ababa health laboratories, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design approach was used from September 2017 to February 2018 using both quantitative and quantitative data collection approach. Data were entered, cleaned using EPI-Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version.20 software for analysis. Results: Nine variables were found considerably associated with LQMS implementation (p<0.05) where method validation and verification, root cause analysis, laboratory equipment maintenance related issues, external quality assessment, professional competency, measurement uncertainty analysis, evaluation, and audit and trained staff turnover. Conclusion: The overall findings illustrate that there is a need for facility management should set a specified budget for laboratory quality management implementation and should into consideration those factors while laboratory quality management system implementation.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.8.345
Daggash Batula Bishara, Sotimehin Oladipo, Mshelia Lawi, N. ini, Owili Collins, Onuekwe E.Chima
Introduction: Hand hygiene is the single most effective action to prevent the spread of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance among health care workers and patients. The lack of effective hand hygiene and materials for hand hygiene is a major problem for patient safety in health care facilities. We conducted this survey in February 2019 to assess the situation of hand hygiene in health care facilities in Borno State, the epicenter of insurgency in North-East Nigeria. Method: An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the situation of hand hygiene from 103 health care facilities selected from across Borno State. The questionnaire used was adopted from the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework at the facility level. It had five sections (System change, training, and education, evaluation and feedback, reminders in the workplace, institutional safety climate for hand hygiene) and 27 indicators framed as questions with “yes” or “no” response. Each health facility’s response was scored, calculated and expressed as a proportion of the total score of 500. Based on the score obtained, each facility was assigned to one of four categories ranging from inadequate, basic, intermediate to advanced hand hygiene level. Results: One hundred and three health facilities were involved in the assessment. Eighty-nine (86.4%) were public, government-owned health care facilities. The highest participation was from the central zone of the state with 43 (41.7%) while the northern zone of the state recorded the lowest participation 25 (24.3%). Central zone participation was 43 (41.7%). Seventy-eight (75.8%) of the total health facilities had inadequate hand hygiene levels, 21 (20.4%) had basic hand hygiene levels, 4 (3.8%) had intermediate hand hygiene level and none (0%) had advanced hand hygiene level. Summary statistics (mean ± SD, Median: IQR) for the five sections showed the following; System change (availability of soap, running water, single-use hand towels)-19 ± 21, 15: 30; education and training (on hand hygiene)-10.3 ± 15.0, 0: 3.0; evaluation and feedback (assess availability of water, soap, towel, and hand hygiene compliance)-13.0 ± 17.4, 0: 25; reminders in the workplace (posters and leaflets)-19.2 ± 21.0, 20: 15 and institutional safety climate for hand hygiene (functional hand hygiene teams, patient involvement in hand hygiene and regular communication)-14 ± 25.0,0:20. The overall scores summary statistics were 75.6 ± 78.5, 55: 125. Conclusion: This assessment revealed gross inadequacies in hand hygiene practice and hand hygiene promotion in government-owned Primary Health Care Facilities in Borno state. There is a need to scale up efforts to improve hand hygiene practices and hand hygiene promotion activities in the State to enhance the quality of care and minimize the incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections.
{"title":"Infection Prevention and Control in North-East Nigeria: An Assessment ofHand Hygiene in Health Care Facilities in Protracted Crisis EnvironmentFebruary 2019","authors":"Daggash Batula Bishara, Sotimehin Oladipo, Mshelia Lawi, N. ini, Owili Collins, Onuekwe E.Chima","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.8.345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.8.345","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hand hygiene is the single most effective action to prevent the spread of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance among health care workers and patients. The lack of effective hand hygiene and materials for hand hygiene is a major problem for patient safety in health care facilities. We conducted this survey in February 2019 to assess the situation of hand hygiene in health care facilities in Borno State, the epicenter of insurgency in North-East Nigeria. Method: An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the situation of hand hygiene from 103 health care facilities selected from across Borno State. The questionnaire used was adopted from the WHO Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework at the facility level. It had five sections (System change, training, and education, evaluation and feedback, reminders in the workplace, institutional safety climate for hand hygiene) and 27 indicators framed as questions with “yes” or “no” response. Each health facility’s response was scored, calculated and expressed as a proportion of the total score of 500. Based on the score obtained, each facility was assigned to one of four categories ranging from inadequate, basic, intermediate to advanced hand hygiene level. Results: One hundred and three health facilities were involved in the assessment. Eighty-nine (86.4%) were public, government-owned health care facilities. The highest participation was from the central zone of the state with 43 (41.7%) while the northern zone of the state recorded the lowest participation 25 (24.3%). Central zone participation was 43 (41.7%). Seventy-eight (75.8%) of the total health facilities had inadequate hand hygiene levels, 21 (20.4%) had basic hand hygiene levels, 4 (3.8%) had intermediate hand hygiene level and none (0%) had advanced hand hygiene level. Summary statistics (mean ± SD, Median: IQR) for the five sections showed the following; System change (availability of soap, running water, single-use hand towels)-19 ± 21, 15: 30; education and training (on hand hygiene)-10.3 ± 15.0, 0: 3.0; evaluation and feedback (assess availability of water, soap, towel, and hand hygiene compliance)-13.0 ± 17.4, 0: 25; reminders in the workplace (posters and leaflets)-19.2 ± 21.0, 20: 15 and institutional safety climate for hand hygiene (functional hand hygiene teams, patient involvement in hand hygiene and regular communication)-14 ± 25.0,0:20. The overall scores summary statistics were 75.6 ± 78.5, 55: 125. Conclusion: This assessment revealed gross inadequacies in hand hygiene practice and hand hygiene promotion in government-owned Primary Health Care Facilities in Borno state. There is a need to scale up efforts to improve hand hygiene practices and hand hygiene promotion activities in the State to enhance the quality of care and minimize the incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.351
F. Ehimen, Emmanuel Friday Osagiedeo, Ofili An, E. A. Ozomata, P. Okoukpon, Airefetalor Ia
Health care workers are continuously at risk of blood borne infections because of their exposure to blood and body fluids during care of patients and these exposures are potentially infectious. Hence, regular adherence to standard precautions is widely advocated by World Health Organization and Centres of Disease Control as a primary strategy for controlling occupational exposure to blood and body fluids. Objectives: To evaluate knowledge, practices of HCW concerning blood- borne pathogens and adherence to standard precautions Methods: Rural based cross sectional study with quantitative and qualitative component was conducted among two hundred and thirteen health care workers in Ekpoma, Edo State. Results: Of all the Health care workers studied, only less than one third of respondents had good knowledge and practice of standard precautions. Conclusion: The knowledge and practice of standard precautions was found to be generally poor. Hence, all health care workers should be trained on the principles of infection control and exposure prevention.
{"title":"Assessment of Standard Precautions Practices Among Health Care Workers in a Rural Area of South-South Nigeria","authors":"F. Ehimen, Emmanuel Friday Osagiedeo, Ofili An, E. A. Ozomata, P. Okoukpon, Airefetalor Ia","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.351","url":null,"abstract":"Health care workers are continuously at risk of blood borne infections because of their exposure to blood and body fluids during care of patients and these exposures are potentially infectious. Hence, regular adherence to standard precautions is widely advocated by World Health Organization and Centres of Disease Control as a primary strategy for controlling occupational exposure to blood and body fluids. Objectives: To evaluate knowledge, practices of HCW concerning blood- borne pathogens and adherence to standard precautions Methods: Rural based cross sectional study with quantitative and qualitative component was conducted among two hundred and thirteen health care workers in Ekpoma, Edo State. Results: Of all the Health care workers studied, only less than one third of respondents had good knowledge and practice of standard precautions. Conclusion: The knowledge and practice of standard precautions was found to be generally poor. Hence, all health care workers should be trained on the principles of infection control and exposure prevention.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.357
S. S. Buba
This study assessed the knowledge of adult on sexually transmitted diseases in Maiduguri metropolis of Borno State North-Eastern, Nigeria. In order to achieve this objective, one research objectives and one research question was formulated and three null hypotheses were tested. The theoretical frame work used for this study was theory of Health Belief Model developed by Stretcher and Rosentock. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a theoretical framework used to understand health behaviours and possible reason for non-compliance with recommended health action. Related literature was reviewed under the following sub-headings: Concept of sexually transmitted infections, epidemiology/pathogenesis of sexually transmitted infections and Types of sexually transmitted infections. Survey research design was used for this study. The populations for this study was made up of ten thousand and-ten (10,010), INEC, 2019, and five hundred (500) respondents were sampled for the study using simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire on knowledge and screening for sexually transmitted diseases among adult in Maiduguri metropolis (KSSTD). Five hundred respondents were sampled for this study and analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages to describe the demographic characteristics of the respondents and to answer research questions. While, inferential statistics of Chi-square test was used to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significant. The result of the finding revealed that adult in Maiduguri metropolis had good knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases. Also, the result of the findings revealed statistically that knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases in Maiduguri metropolis among adult of different educational background did not differ significantly (p˃0.05). While, knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases between male and female in Maiduguri metropolis differed significantly (p˂0.05), and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases in Maiduguri metropolis among adult of different ethnic background did not differ significantly (p˃0.05). It was concluded that adult in Maiduguri metropolis have the knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases. For example some respondents believed that sexually transmitted infections is a blood borne diseases, furthermore, some respondents believed that viruses and bacteria are the causative agent of most sexually transmitted infection, while some respondents believed that sexually transmitted infections can be transmitted during sexual intercourse, from mother to her unborn child through umbilical cord or from mother to her child during child birth. It was also found some that respondents strongly agreed that HBV, HPV and HIV were commonly caused by viral infection, while syphilis, gonorrhoea, trachoma and chlamydia are caused by bacteria. And majority of the respondents in Maiduguri metropolis believed that going for screening regularly and before marriage ca
{"title":"Knowledge and Screening on Sexually Transmitted Diseases Among Adults in Maiduguri Metropolis of Borno State Northern-Eastern, Nigeria","authors":"S. S. Buba","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.357","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the knowledge of adult on sexually transmitted diseases in Maiduguri metropolis of Borno State North-Eastern, Nigeria. In order to achieve this objective, one research objectives and one research question was formulated and three null hypotheses were tested. The theoretical frame work used for this study was theory of Health Belief Model developed by Stretcher and Rosentock. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a theoretical framework used to understand health behaviours and possible reason for non-compliance with recommended health action. Related literature was reviewed under the following sub-headings: Concept of sexually transmitted infections, epidemiology/pathogenesis of sexually transmitted infections and Types of sexually transmitted infections. Survey research design was used for this study. The populations for this study was made up of ten thousand and-ten (10,010), INEC, 2019, and five hundred (500) respondents were sampled for the study using simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaire on knowledge and screening for sexually transmitted diseases among adult in Maiduguri metropolis (KSSTD). Five hundred respondents were sampled for this study and analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency count and percentages to describe the demographic characteristics of the respondents and to answer research questions. While, inferential statistics of Chi-square test was used to test the research hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significant. The result of the finding revealed that adult in Maiduguri metropolis had good knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases. Also, the result of the findings revealed statistically that knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases in Maiduguri metropolis among adult of different educational background did not differ significantly (p˃0.05). While, knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases between male and female in Maiduguri metropolis differed significantly (p˂0.05), and knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases in Maiduguri metropolis among adult of different ethnic background did not differ significantly (p˃0.05). It was concluded that adult in Maiduguri metropolis have the knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases. For example some respondents believed that sexually transmitted infections is a blood borne diseases, furthermore, some respondents believed that viruses and bacteria are the causative agent of most sexually transmitted infection, while some respondents believed that sexually transmitted infections can be transmitted during sexual intercourse, from mother to her unborn child through umbilical cord or from mother to her child during child birth. It was also found some that respondents strongly agreed that HBV, HPV and HIV were commonly caused by viral infection, while syphilis, gonorrhoea, trachoma and chlamydia are caused by bacteria. And majority of the respondents in Maiduguri metropolis believed that going for screening regularly and before marriage ca","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.348
Kula Jilo, T. Belachew, Worku Birhanu, D. Habte, Waktole Yadeta, A. Giro
Ethiopia has the largest national livestock populations in Africa. However, the productivity is one of the marginal due to a number of technical and non-technical factors. Infectious diseases like pasteurellosis are highly affecting livestock industry in the country. Pasteurellosis is a multifactorial disease caused by numerous etiologic agents. Mannheimia haemolytica, Bibersteinia trehalosi and Pasteurella multocida cause pasteurellosis in animals and humans. Pasteurella are commensal organisms of healthy animals which can be trigger with stress factors to cause fatal disease in farm animals. Infective agents acquired by inhalation of infected droplets or close contacts among susceptible animals. Pasteurellosis is responsible for huge mortality in feedlot animals worldwide. Haemorrhagic septicemia is an acute and characterized by sudden onset of fever, profuse salivation, severe dyspnea and death in about 24 hours whereas shipping fever causes severe broncho-pneumonia and pleurisy. The diagnosis of the disease is based on the clinical signs, gross pathological lesions, isolation of the pathogens and molecular characterization. Pasteurellosis is complex multifactorial disease difficult to control however, good management, chemotherapy, chemoprophylaxis and early immunization are control and preventive measures. In Ethiopia pasteurellosis is an endemic disease posing a serious threat to the animal productions. However, data on epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control is scarce. Therefore, a routine national wide survey encompassing multiple hosts and wider area should be undertaken to figure out prevalence and identify circulating serotypes in different agro ecology to design and implement appropriate interventions.
{"title":"Pasteurellosis Status in Ethiopia: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Kula Jilo, T. Belachew, Worku Birhanu, D. Habte, Waktole Yadeta, A. Giro","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.348","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has the largest national livestock populations in Africa. However, the productivity is one of the marginal due to a number of technical and non-technical factors. Infectious diseases like pasteurellosis are highly affecting livestock industry in the country. Pasteurellosis is a multifactorial disease caused by numerous etiologic agents. Mannheimia haemolytica, Bibersteinia trehalosi and Pasteurella multocida cause pasteurellosis in animals and humans. Pasteurella are commensal organisms of healthy animals which can be trigger with stress factors to cause fatal disease in farm animals. Infective agents acquired by inhalation of infected droplets or close contacts among susceptible animals. Pasteurellosis is responsible for huge mortality in feedlot animals worldwide. Haemorrhagic septicemia is an acute and characterized by sudden onset of fever, profuse salivation, severe dyspnea and death in about 24 hours whereas shipping fever causes severe broncho-pneumonia and pleurisy. The diagnosis of the disease is based on the clinical signs, gross pathological lesions, isolation of the pathogens and molecular characterization. Pasteurellosis is complex multifactorial disease difficult to control however, good management, chemotherapy, chemoprophylaxis and early immunization are control and preventive measures. In Ethiopia pasteurellosis is an endemic disease posing a serious threat to the animal productions. However, data on epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control is scarce. Therefore, a routine national wide survey encompassing multiple hosts and wider area should be undertaken to figure out prevalence and identify circulating serotypes in different agro ecology to design and implement appropriate interventions.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.2020.8.352
P. Ghosh
Bangladesh has been identified the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first cases by the Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test in March, 2020. As of 15 May 2020, Bangladesh has reported 20,065 confirmed cases. We aimed to assess the variation in the attack rate (AR), sample test, positivity rate and infection fatality risk (IFR) related to COVID-19 patients in these divisions. The number of testing COVID-19 samples by RT-PCR per 100000 populations was the highest in Dhaka (271) and lowest in Barishal (33). Dhaka is the most overcrowded division (1751 per square kilometers). We found that the highest sample tested (271 per 100000), higher attack rate (AR) (386 per million) and positivity rate (14.2%) in Dhaka division compared to those of the other 7 divisions. Rajshahi is the lowest densely-populated division, was the most infected fatality risk (IFR) (11%) compared to the other 7 divisions. This study suggests that more sample testing would be necessary to explore the burden of COVID-19 and mortality rate in the adult population and rural communities.
{"title":"The Dissimilarity of Attack Rate (AR) of SARS-CoV-2 Virus and Infection Fatality Risk (IFR) Across Different Divisions of Bangladesh","authors":"P. Ghosh","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.2020.8.352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.2020.8.352","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh has been identified the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first cases by the Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test in March, 2020. As of 15 May 2020, Bangladesh has reported 20,065 confirmed cases. We aimed to assess the variation in the attack rate (AR), sample test, positivity rate and infection fatality risk (IFR) related to COVID-19 patients in these divisions. The number of testing COVID-19 samples by RT-PCR per 100000 populations was the highest in Dhaka (271) and lowest in Barishal (33). Dhaka is the most overcrowded division (1751 per square kilometers). We found that the highest sample tested (271 per 100000), higher attack rate (AR) (386 per million) and positivity rate (14.2%) in Dhaka division compared to those of the other 7 divisions. Rajshahi is the lowest densely-populated division, was the most infected fatality risk (IFR) (11%) compared to the other 7 divisions. This study suggests that more sample testing would be necessary to explore the burden of COVID-19 and mortality rate in the adult population and rural communities.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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