Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.265
Blego Sedionoto, Sueptrakool Wasessombat, N. Jeenduang, C. Punsawad, Witthaya Anamnart, Jitbanjong Tangpong
Background: Hookworm and S. stercoralis are still challenge in public health problem especially in developing countries where have environmental risk factors that are potential for transmitting of hookworm and S. stercoralis in Kutai Kertanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia have high-risk factors of the prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis especially environmental risk factors. Methods: In this study was showed the infection rates, correlation analysis between risk factors, and prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis were used statistical analysis. A cross-sectional study was performed among 107 schoolchildren participants from rural schoolchildren of Kutai Kertanegara Regency, Indonesia. This study used two diagnostic methods: Kato Katz and Koga agar plate culture/KAP culture for diagnosing hookworm and Strongyloides infections. Pearson chi-square analysis was used to the study correlation between environmental risk factors with hookworm and S stercoralis infections. Results: Hookworm, and S stercoralis were found in this study; 37 (31.8) and 11 (10.3%) respectively. hookworm infection has been correlated significantly with school location (OR: 1.78 (95%CI: 0.87-3.71, p-value=0.006). While S. stercoralis infection has correlated significantly such as school location (OR: 1.28 (95%CI: 0.73-2.23, (p=0.027), Environmental risk others have not significantly correlated with hookworm infection among school children. While S stercoralis infection has correlated with environmental risk factors such as the texture of soil (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.01, p-value: 0.010), wet soil surrounding houses (OR: 5.50 (0.84-36.02, p-value: 0.010). School location in surrounding rice field (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.02, p-value: 0.012). Elevation in hill area (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.02, p-value: 0.010). Conclusions: This study has explained the determinant of environmental risk factors and the prevalence of hookworm infection and S. stercoralis in schoolchildren. The risk factors should be used for preventing program of reduced prevalence of hookworm and S stercoralis infections in schoolcrildren, especially in rural areas.
{"title":"Environmental Risk Factors of Hookworm and Strongyloides stercoralis infections among school children in rural areas Kutai Kertanegara Regency, Indonesia.","authors":"Blego Sedionoto, Sueptrakool Wasessombat, N. Jeenduang, C. Punsawad, Witthaya Anamnart, Jitbanjong Tangpong","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.265","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hookworm and S. stercoralis are still challenge in public health problem especially in developing countries where have environmental risk factors that are potential for transmitting of hookworm and S. stercoralis in Kutai Kertanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia have high-risk factors of the prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis especially environmental risk factors. Methods: In this study was showed the infection rates, correlation analysis between risk factors, and prevalence of hookworm and S. stercoralis were used statistical analysis. A cross-sectional study was performed among 107 schoolchildren participants from rural schoolchildren of Kutai Kertanegara Regency, Indonesia. This study used two diagnostic methods: Kato Katz and Koga agar plate culture/KAP culture for diagnosing hookworm and Strongyloides infections. Pearson chi-square analysis was used to the study correlation between environmental risk factors with hookworm and S stercoralis infections. Results: Hookworm, and S stercoralis were found in this study; 37 (31.8) and 11 (10.3%) respectively. hookworm infection has been correlated significantly with school location (OR: 1.78 (95%CI: 0.87-3.71, p-value=0.006). While S. stercoralis infection has correlated significantly such as school location (OR: 1.28 (95%CI: 0.73-2.23, (p=0.027), Environmental risk others have not significantly correlated with hookworm infection among school children. While S stercoralis infection has correlated with environmental risk factors such as the texture of soil (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.01, p-value: 0.010), wet soil surrounding houses (OR: 5.50 (0.84-36.02, p-value: 0.010). School location in surrounding rice field (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.02, p-value: 0.012). Elevation in hill area (OR: 5.50 (95%CI: 0.84-36.02, p-value: 0.010). Conclusions: This study has explained the determinant of environmental risk factors and the prevalence of hookworm infection and S. stercoralis in schoolchildren. The risk factors should be used for preventing program of reduced prevalence of hookworm and S stercoralis infections in schoolcrildren, especially in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.266
Yohannes Mardasa
Across sectional study to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis at Ghmbi municipal abattoir was carried out on 400 heads of cattle from October 2008 to April 2009.Post mortem examination was used as a tool to establish the prevalence and culture and Ziehl-Neelsen staining to characterize mycobacterium. Tuberculous lesion was observed in a total of 31 animals and this give an overall prevalence of 7 .75 %.The tubercle lesion was detected in 21 (67.7%) mediastinal , 4 (12.9%) trachibronchial , 3 ( 9.67%) mesenteric and 1 (3.2%) hepatic lymph nodes and 2 (6.45%) lung tissues. The highest detection rate was recorded in mediastinal and the lowest in hepatic lymph node. In this study a total of 2 lung tissues and 29 lymph node samples were collected and cultured to isolate mycobacterium, of these 4 (12.90%) samples were found positive for mycobacterium.The risk factors such as sex, age, and body condition were assessed in relation to the occurrence of bovine tuberculosis and found significantly (p<0.05) associated with the occurrence of this disease. In conclusion, the present study shows the potential risk of the disease for both animals and human beings live in the study area, and being female, old and medium body condition animal is more risk to be infected with bovine tuberculosis.
{"title":"CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AT GHMBI MUNICIPAL ABATTOIR","authors":"Yohannes Mardasa","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.266","url":null,"abstract":"Across sectional study to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis at Ghmbi municipal abattoir was carried out on 400 heads of cattle from October 2008 to April 2009.Post mortem examination was used as a tool to establish the prevalence and culture and Ziehl-Neelsen staining to characterize mycobacterium. Tuberculous lesion was observed in a total of 31 animals and this give an overall prevalence of 7 .75 %.The tubercle lesion was detected in 21 (67.7%) mediastinal , 4 (12.9%) trachibronchial , 3 ( 9.67%) mesenteric and 1 (3.2%) hepatic lymph nodes and 2 (6.45%) lung tissues. The highest detection rate was recorded in mediastinal and the lowest in hepatic lymph node. In this study a total of 2 lung tissues and 29 lymph node samples were collected and cultured to isolate mycobacterium, of these 4 (12.90%) samples were found positive for mycobacterium.The risk factors such as sex, age, and body condition were assessed in relation to the occurrence of bovine tuberculosis and found significantly (p<0.05) associated with the occurrence of this disease. In conclusion, the present study shows the potential risk of the disease for both animals and human beings live in the study area, and being female, old and medium body condition animal is more risk to be infected with bovine tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70011053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.279
A. Elhadi, M. Ali
Malaria is a common health problem especially in the tropics. Cerebral malaria is a worse complication of the disease with unknown pathophysiology. In this scenario, a Sudanese housewife was brought to the emergency room after a sudden fall in the ground, she was in coma. Investigations revealed sever falciparum malaria, thrombocytopenia and features of acute renal injury. Quinine was prescribed in addition to antithrombotic, diuretics and supportive medications. In the following day she developed aspiration pneumonia and a fourth generation antibiotic was prescribed. One day later she looked very ill, jaundiced with features of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). Her general condition was not improving, and then she was arrested and died. Multiple organs failure associated with sever malaria was considered as the cause of death.
{"title":"Cerebral Malaria Associated with Acute Renal Failure in a Sudanese Patient: Case Report","authors":"A. Elhadi, M. Ali","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.279","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a common health problem especially in the tropics. Cerebral malaria is a worse complication of the disease with unknown pathophysiology. In this scenario, a Sudanese housewife was brought to the emergency room after a sudden fall in the ground, she was in coma. Investigations revealed sever falciparum malaria, thrombocytopenia and features of acute renal injury. Quinine was prescribed in addition to antithrombotic, diuretics and supportive medications. In the following day she developed aspiration pneumonia and a fourth generation antibiotic was prescribed. One day later she looked very ill, jaundiced with features of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). Her general condition was not improving, and then she was arrested and died. Multiple organs failure associated with sever malaria was considered as the cause of death.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.281
Marley Andrie
Covid or COVID-19 pandemic, what broke out in late 2019 in the Wuhan city of China has straightforwardly and in a roundabout way influenced every single circle of life across the world. Till date it has influenced more than 3.9 million individuals with a loss of life of 270,740 the world over. Adapting to a pandemic medicinally is hard, however more troublesome is to emerged from the dread and frenzy it has causes furthermore, can cause to the people in question. Be that as it may, the dread brought about by conceivably falling casualties to the illness would itself be able to be a staggering encounter as it works up individuals' feelings and sensitivities. Ladies are for the most part the casualties of such sensitivities. There has not been any sexual orientation investigation of the pandemic by any administration of wellbeing association or any appraisals of expected casualties in readiness stages. The COVID-19 has interfered with our lifestyle and has further upset people, families and networks putting them under pressure of wellbeing and monetary weights.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Women Health- An Overview","authors":"Marley Andrie","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.281","url":null,"abstract":"Covid or COVID-19 pandemic, what broke out in late 2019 in the Wuhan city of China has straightforwardly and in a roundabout way influenced every single circle of life across the world. Till date it has influenced more than 3.9 million individuals with a loss of life of 270,740 the world over. Adapting to a pandemic medicinally is hard, however more troublesome is to emerged from the dread and frenzy it has causes furthermore, can cause to the people in question. Be that as it may, the dread brought about by conceivably falling casualties to the illness would itself be able to be a staggering encounter as it works up individuals' feelings and sensitivities. Ladies are for the most part the casualties of such sensitivities. There has not been any sexual orientation investigation of the pandemic by any administration of wellbeing association or any appraisals of expected casualties in readiness stages. The COVID-19 has interfered with our lifestyle and has further upset people, families and networks putting them under pressure of wellbeing and monetary weights.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70012044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.264
Niranjan Singh Rathor
Objective: To describe the magnitude of Malaria as public health problem in a backward district in Rajasthan and highlight the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of interventions followed by district health authorities. Findings: Malaria is a significant problem of public level in Baran district as evident with the reported morbidity and mortality data in district HMIS Reports. The various associated factors exaggerate the problem in District. The existing program has certain strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Conclusion: Perception of Malaria as mere medical problem leads to adopt and over relying on technical fixes. The social, economic, political, cultural and ecological inter-linkages of Public Health with epidemiological lens help to understand the problem with public health approach. The existing approach needs strengthening with additional modifications.
{"title":"Malaria as a public health problem and SWOT analysis of program approach-A Case Study from Baran District Rajasthan","authors":"Niranjan Singh Rathor","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.264","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To describe the magnitude of Malaria as public health problem in a backward district in Rajasthan and highlight the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of interventions followed by district health authorities. Findings: Malaria is a significant problem of public level in Baran district as evident with the reported morbidity and mortality data in district HMIS Reports. The various associated factors exaggerate the problem in District. The existing program has certain strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Conclusion: Perception of Malaria as mere medical problem leads to adopt and over relying on technical fixes. The social, economic, political, cultural and ecological inter-linkages of Public Health with epidemiological lens help to understand the problem with public health approach. The existing approach needs strengthening with additional modifications.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO); anemia considered as a major public threat when prevalence was greater than 40%, a moderate public threat from 20-40%, and as a mild threat from 5-20%. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated socio demographic factors among adults age 15-49 years in Ethiopia. Methods: Demographic and Health Surveys in 2016, in Ethiopia were analyzed in SPSS, using multivariate logistic regression. Socio demographic variables were selected based on their availability in the dataset. Results: Of the total sample of 27289 of men and women 15-49 years at the time of survey, 19.8 % (n = 5078) anemia. Men and women 15-49 years living in rural areas 0.029 (AOR 0.029 ; 95% CI:0.018-0.048) ,men and women age living in afar region 0.821 (AOR 0.821; 95% CI: 0.725--0.929) , men and women who are in lowest wealth quintile 1.255 (AOR 1.255; 95% CI: 1.091-1.445) and an increase in one-year in age 9.952 (95% CI 6.2 to 16.1) were found significant predictors of anemia. Conclusions: The magnitude of anemia in the current study was found to be a mild public health problem. Rural residence, low wealth quartile and old age were predictors of anemia among adults Age 15-49 years. There is significant urban-rural difference in anemia prevalence, indicating the need for targeting specific areas for intervention.
{"title":"Magnitude of Anemia and Socio Demographic Factors Associated With It Among Adults Age 15-49 Years In Ethiopia: A Population Based Study Using The 2016 Demographic and Health Survey Data","authors":"Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne, Abiyu Ayalew Assefa, E. Tegegne, Mekibib Kassa Tessema","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.21.9.275","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO); anemia considered as a major public threat when prevalence was greater than 40%, a moderate public threat from 20-40%, and as a mild threat from 5-20%. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated socio demographic factors among adults age 15-49 years in Ethiopia. Methods: Demographic and Health Surveys in 2016, in Ethiopia were analyzed in SPSS, using multivariate logistic regression. Socio demographic variables were selected based on their availability in the dataset. Results: Of the total sample of 27289 of men and women 15-49 years at the time of survey, 19.8 % (n = 5078) anemia. Men and women 15-49 years living in rural areas 0.029 (AOR 0.029 ; 95% CI:0.018-0.048) ,men and women age living in afar region 0.821 (AOR 0.821; 95% CI: 0.725--0.929) , men and women who are in lowest wealth quintile 1.255 (AOR 1.255; 95% CI: 1.091-1.445) and an increase in one-year in age 9.952 (95% CI 6.2 to 16.1) were found significant predictors of anemia. Conclusions: The magnitude of anemia in the current study was found to be a mild public health problem. Rural residence, low wealth quartile and old age were predictors of anemia among adults Age 15-49 years. There is significant urban-rural difference in anemia prevalence, indicating the need for targeting specific areas for intervention.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-127636/v1
Awaji Q. Al-Naami, L. Khan, Faisal I. Zaidan, H. Halawi, Laila E. Asiri, T. Sumaili, Amal A. Qaisi, Turki M. Darweesh, Ibrahim A. Al-Neami
The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 that started in the Hubei province of China in late December 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2). Globally millions affected by the disease so far. The risk of COVID-19 severity and its complications increases with age and other comorbidities. The course of SARS-CoV-2 infection or its related complications has yet to be established in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), once more evidence is available. It is clear from the available data that the course of COVID-19 in patients with SCD is mild to moderate, seldom severe, and rarely fatal. Herein we report three known cases of SCD with confirmed COVID-19, in whom the course of the disease was mild to moderate and uncomplicated with uneventful recoveries.
{"title":"Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and COVID-19 – A Case Series","authors":"Awaji Q. Al-Naami, L. Khan, Faisal I. Zaidan, H. Halawi, Laila E. Asiri, T. Sumaili, Amal A. Qaisi, Turki M. Darweesh, Ibrahim A. Al-Neami","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-127636/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-127636/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 that started in the Hubei province of China in late December 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS CoV-2). Globally millions affected by the disease so far. The risk of COVID-19 severity and its complications increases with age and other comorbidities. The course of SARS-CoV-2 infection or its related complications has yet to be established in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), once more evidence is available. It is clear from the available data that the course of COVID-19 in patients with SCD is mild to moderate, seldom severe, and rarely fatal. Herein we report three known cases of SCD with confirmed COVID-19, in whom the course of the disease was mild to moderate and uncomplicated with uneventful recoveries.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47937358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.347
Ramakrishna Vadrevu
Viruses are both living and non-living organisms; living when found inside the host cell as they proliferate and grow, whereas, on occasions when they do not find any host cell, they are inactive or in a dormant stage. The virus can replicate itself and their genetic material mostly consists of either DNA or RNA. Different viral species spread in different ways. For example, plant virus spreads from plant to plant by insects and other organisms, some viruses are spread by body fluids of humans: influenza virus spread by aerosol droplets when people sneeze or cough. HIV is transmitted through body fluids; Dengue is propagated by mosquito bite. SARS virus is a respiratory disease that is spread by animals and humans.
{"title":"Corona Viral Epidemic: A Review","authors":"Ramakrishna Vadrevu","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.347","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses are both living and non-living organisms; living when found inside the host cell as they proliferate and grow, whereas, on occasions when they do not find any host cell, they are inactive or in a dormant stage. The virus can replicate itself and their genetic material mostly consists of either DNA or RNA. Different viral species spread in different ways. For example, plant virus spreads from plant to plant by insects and other organisms, some viruses are spread by body fluids of humans: influenza virus spread by aerosol droplets when people sneeze or cough. HIV is transmitted through body fluids; Dengue is propagated by mosquito bite. SARS virus is a respiratory disease that is spread by animals and humans.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.341
F. Mohammed, Mulusew Alemneh Sinishaw, N. Nurahmed, Shemsu Kedir Juhar, KassuDesta
Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease, worldwide distribution caused by an obligate intracellular coccidian parasite, known as Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii can lead to serious diseases in immuno-compromised patients such as HIV/AIDS patients. In most cases, central nervous system involvement can lead to encephalitis, which is one of the most important reasons for death among patients with HIV due to reactivation of tissue cysts that remained latent after the primary infection. This study was conducted to assess the sero burden of Toxoplasma gondii infection and identify associated risk factors among HIV infected individuals in Armed Forces Referral and Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2016. After getting an informed consent a pretested questionnaire was used to gather socio-demographic information and data on factors predisposing to T. gondii infection using convenience sampling methods. Serum samples from each volunteered patients were screened for the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by using ELISA test kit (CTKBIOTECH, USA). Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 15.0. The chi-square test was used to observe any difference between variables. p-values were determined and taken as a level of significance when they found less than 0.05. Results: The study recruited a total of 174 HIV infected patients, of whom 99 (56.9%) were males. The study also included different age strata ranging from 18-68 years. Most of the sampled subjects were found in the age group of 31-40 years old. About 154 (88.5%), were seropositive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody and 3 (1.7%) seropositivity for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. None were positive for IgM antibody alone. Of all the variables included in the study, only the presence of the cat depicted an association with sero-burden of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody (p=0.038). Conclusion: This study revealed a high sero burden of chronic toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients. HIV/AIDS patients having a domestic cat at their home were at higher risk of T. gondii infection. It would be important to increase public awareness about different routes of transmission of T. gondii. Besides, routine screening for Toxoplasma should be undertaken for all HIV-infected patients to minimize complications related to reactivation.
{"title":"Sero Burden of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors among HIV Infected Persons in Armed Forces Referral and Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa,Ethiopia","authors":"F. Mohammed, Mulusew Alemneh Sinishaw, N. Nurahmed, Shemsu Kedir Juhar, KassuDesta","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.341","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease, worldwide distribution caused by an obligate intracellular coccidian parasite, known as Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii can lead to serious diseases in immuno-compromised patients such as HIV/AIDS patients. In most cases, central nervous system involvement can lead to encephalitis, which is one of the most important reasons for death among patients with HIV due to reactivation of tissue cysts that remained latent after the primary infection. This study was conducted to assess the sero burden of Toxoplasma gondii infection and identify associated risk factors among HIV infected individuals in Armed Forces Referral and Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2016. After getting an informed consent a pretested questionnaire was used to gather socio-demographic information and data on factors predisposing to T. gondii infection using convenience sampling methods. Serum samples from each volunteered patients were screened for the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by using ELISA test kit (CTKBIOTECH, USA). Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 15.0. The chi-square test was used to observe any difference between variables. p-values were determined and taken as a level of significance when they found less than 0.05. Results: The study recruited a total of 174 HIV infected patients, of whom 99 (56.9%) were males. The study also included different age strata ranging from 18-68 years. Most of the sampled subjects were found in the age group of 31-40 years old. About 154 (88.5%), were seropositive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibody and 3 (1.7%) seropositivity for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. None were positive for IgM antibody alone. Of all the variables included in the study, only the presence of the cat depicted an association with sero-burden of anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody (p=0.038). Conclusion: This study revealed a high sero burden of chronic toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients. HIV/AIDS patients having a domestic cat at their home were at higher risk of T. gondii infection. It would be important to increase public awareness about different routes of transmission of T. gondii. Besides, routine screening for Toxoplasma should be undertaken for all HIV-infected patients to minimize complications related to reactivation.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.346
Niang Aissatou Ahmet, Sambe Ba Bissoume, S. Abdoulaye, D. Amadou, F. Khota, Wane Abdoul Aziz, Bercion Raymond, K. Roughyatou, Sow Ahmad Iyane, G. Amy
Salmonellosis is a major public health problem, especially with the emergence of multi-resistant Salmonella. The healthy carrier, an important factor of dissemination of Salmonella in the environment ensures inter-human transmission, especially in children. In Senegal, studies on (carrying Salmonella are lacking. Thus, this work was (was conducted) to determine the (carrying rate of Salmonella), characterize phenotypically and genotypically Salmonella strains isolated from healthy carriers in Dakar. This is a prospective study of five community sites (Jeddah Thiaroye Kao, Guinaw Rail South, North Pikine, Pikine East Guinaw North Rail) between January 2013 and April 2014. Phenotypic and molecular analysis PCR detection simplex virulence genes and typing by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing were performed at the Experimental Bacteriology Unit of the Institut Pasteur in Dakar. Sixteen Salmonella of one thousand eight hundred and eighty-eight (1888) stool specimens were identified to be a carrier rate of 0.84% for a variety of serotypes (Brancaster, Chester, Give, Poona, Agona, Johannesburg, Istanbul, Enteritidis, Corvalis). If all the Salmonella strains were sensitive to beta-lactams, 25% were resistant to at least one antibiotic (nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline). All isolates show all virulence genes (invA, orfL, Pipd, SpiC, Misl). Meanwhile, the SpvR virulence gene was detected in one isolate associated with Serovar enteritidis. This reflects the pathogenicity degree of Salmonella strains and therefore their ability to cause human disease. The Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) technique has revealed that phenotypically identical serotypes had no allelic variation. This suggests that these clones were widely distributed geographically and are probably outstanding in a wide range of hosts. Two new ST were found with Chester and Brancaster. Considering the characteristics of isolated Salmonella in this study and the impact of carriers on public health, monitoring of healthy carriers is needed.
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