Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.349
H. S. Nour
Sheep and goat provide valuable products such as meat, milk, particularly for women and children. Sheep and goat can be raised in arid and semi-arid and around the house, because of less investment and less feed required. Also, high short period for output and income saving, On the other hand, diseases such as Paste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) cause mortality and high economic loss in the world particularly in Asia and Africa that has negative impact in many rural and urban lives. The disease caused many outbreaks in Asia and Africa, characterized by huge mortality and morbidity. Recently, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the world animal health organization declared global eradication of paste des petits ruminants subsequently reduce poverty. This review dealt with challenges and opportunities that affect the global eradication of paste des petits ruminants. Information on its economic importance, the taxonomy of the virus, transmission and pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis are briefly dealt with.
{"title":"Challenges and Opportunities for Global Eradication of Paste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)","authors":"H. S. Nour","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.349","url":null,"abstract":"Sheep and goat provide valuable products such as meat, milk, particularly for women and children. Sheep and goat can be raised in arid and semi-arid and around the house, because of less investment and less feed required. Also, high short period for output and income saving, On the other hand, diseases such as Paste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) cause mortality and high economic loss in the world particularly in Asia and Africa that has negative impact in many rural and urban lives. The disease caused many outbreaks in Asia and Africa, characterized by huge mortality and morbidity. Recently, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the world animal health organization declared global eradication of paste des petits ruminants subsequently reduce poverty. This review dealt with challenges and opportunities that affect the global eradication of paste des petits ruminants. Information on its economic importance, the taxonomy of the virus, transmission and pathogenesis and methods of diagnosis are briefly dealt with.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.8.342
Akinseye Janet Fumilayo, Oladejo Janet Mosunmola, Adewuyi Isaac Kayode, Agunlejika RichardAdedokun, Hosea Thomas Zagi, Ayuba Sunday Buru
The aim of the study was to determine the parasite prevalence of vegetables at three selected major markets in Ilorin metropolis for parasitic incidence. 150 vegetables of different kinds were randomly selected from the three selected markets and processed through both sedimentation and floatation methods. Of the 150 vegetable sampled, 63 (42%) of these vegetables were positive for parasites ranging from Ascaris to Amoeba and hookworm, etc. more parasites were recovered from sedimentation 44 (74.6%) than floatation 15 (25.4%). Spinach “Tete” (Amaranthus spinosus L), and Jute mallow “Ewedu” (Corchorus olitorius) had the highest parasitic contamination while tomatoes recorded the lowest parasitic contamination, detected were ova of Ascaris lumbricoides 19 (42.2%), ova of Hookworm 2 (4.4%), ova of Trichuris trichiura 1 (2.2%), cyst of Entamoeba histolytica 8 (17.8%), cyst of Entamoeba coli 7 (15.5%), cyst of Balantidium coli 5 (11.1%), cyst of Giardia lamblia and trophozoite of Trichomonas hominis. This study identified that vegetables can aids transmission of parasitic infection, avoidance of the use of feaces as manure should be encouraged, whilst vegetables should be properly cooked before consumption to reduce the risk of infection. Keywords: Selected market; Ilorin; Vegetables; Parasites
{"title":"Intestinal Parasites Isolated in Vegetables Sold in most Important Marketswithin Ilorin Metropolis","authors":"Akinseye Janet Fumilayo, Oladejo Janet Mosunmola, Adewuyi Isaac Kayode, Agunlejika RichardAdedokun, Hosea Thomas Zagi, Ayuba Sunday Buru","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.8.342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.8.342","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the parasite prevalence of vegetables at three selected major markets in Ilorin metropolis for parasitic incidence. 150 vegetables of different kinds were randomly selected from the three selected markets and processed through both sedimentation and floatation methods. Of the 150 vegetable sampled, 63 (42%) of these vegetables were positive for parasites ranging from Ascaris to Amoeba and hookworm, etc. more parasites were recovered from sedimentation 44 (74.6%) than floatation 15 (25.4%). Spinach “Tete” (Amaranthus spinosus L), and Jute mallow “Ewedu” (Corchorus olitorius) had the highest parasitic contamination while tomatoes recorded the lowest parasitic contamination, detected were ova of Ascaris lumbricoides 19 (42.2%), ova of Hookworm 2 (4.4%), ova of Trichuris trichiura 1 (2.2%), cyst of Entamoeba histolytica 8 (17.8%), cyst of Entamoeba coli 7 (15.5%), cyst of Balantidium coli 5 (11.1%), cyst of Giardia lamblia and trophozoite of Trichomonas hominis. This study identified that vegetables can aids transmission of parasitic infection, avoidance of the use of feaces as manure should be encouraged, whilst vegetables should be properly cooked before consumption to reduce the risk of infection. Keywords: Selected market; Ilorin; Vegetables; Parasites","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"167 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.344
Kumshida Yakubu Balami, Uzoma Ugochukwu, A. Malgwi, S. Thliza, AhmedNjidda, Lawi Auta Mshelia, Chima E Onuekwe, Womi-Etang Oboma Eteng, I. Kida, Isaac A. Boateng, Chikwe Ihekwaezu, Collins Owili
Background: Cholera Outbreak remains a global health threat amongst Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and areas facing complex emergencies. The insurgency in Northeast Nigeria disrupted social services and displaced thousands into IDPs camps which are overcrowded with sub-optimal water, sanitation, and hygiene. We confirmed, characterized the outbreak and instituted control measures which include the first-ever use of Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) in Nigeria. Methods: We defined a suspected cholera case-patient as any person above two (≥ 2) years of age presenting with Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD) and severe dehydration or dying from AWD, with or without vomiting between 14th August to 21st December 2017. We conducted a descriptive and analytic study. Using the Polio vaccination structure, we launched an OCV campaign in two phases (rounds) targeting all people above one (≥ 1) year of age in the affected communities and IDP camps. Results: We identified 6,430 case-patients with 61 deaths in seven (7) Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Borno State which include 3,512 (54.62%) in Jere, 1,870 (29.08%) Monguno, 845 (13.14%) Dikwa, 115 (1.79%) Guzamala, 63 (0.98%) Maiduguri, 23 (0.36%) Mafa and 2 (0.03%) in Gubio. Most of the case-patients 6,109 (95%) were IDPs living in camps. The median age was nine (9) years (Range: 2-80). Females 2,780 (43%) were most affected than males. We targeted a total of 855,492 individuals above one year of age in the affected LGAs for an OCV. We vaccinated 896,919 individuals using 914,565 doses of OCV, giving a coverage rate of 105%. The wastage rate was 0.4%. We did not report any Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI). On OCV day four, 122 was the highest number of daily reported case-patients after which the daily case count began to decline until the end of the outbreak. The overall case fatality rate (CFR:0.95%) was 0.95%. Conclusion: The protracted cholera outbreak increased in magnitude and strength, and affected mostly children living in IDPs camps. The cholera outbreak was rapidly detected, and the response was timely, which might have been a possible reason for the low CFR. The reactive OCV might have influenced the ending of the outbreak. Despite the complex and challenging context, we were able to contain the outbreak within four months with a low CFR.
{"title":"The Effect of Oral Cholera Vaccine in Response to an Outbreak of Cholera in aComplex Emergency, Borno State, Northeast Nigeria.","authors":"Kumshida Yakubu Balami, Uzoma Ugochukwu, A. Malgwi, S. Thliza, AhmedNjidda, Lawi Auta Mshelia, Chima E Onuekwe, Womi-Etang Oboma Eteng, I. Kida, Isaac A. Boateng, Chikwe Ihekwaezu, Collins Owili","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.20.8.344","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cholera Outbreak remains a global health threat amongst Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and areas facing complex emergencies. The insurgency in Northeast Nigeria disrupted social services and displaced thousands into IDPs camps which are overcrowded with sub-optimal water, sanitation, and hygiene. We confirmed, characterized the outbreak and instituted control measures which include the first-ever use of Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) in Nigeria. Methods: We defined a suspected cholera case-patient as any person above two (≥ 2) years of age presenting with Acute Watery Diarrhea (AWD) and severe dehydration or dying from AWD, with or without vomiting between 14th August to 21st December 2017. We conducted a descriptive and analytic study. Using the Polio vaccination structure, we launched an OCV campaign in two phases (rounds) targeting all people above one (≥ 1) year of age in the affected communities and IDP camps. Results: We identified 6,430 case-patients with 61 deaths in seven (7) Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Borno State which include 3,512 (54.62%) in Jere, 1,870 (29.08%) Monguno, 845 (13.14%) Dikwa, 115 (1.79%) Guzamala, 63 (0.98%) Maiduguri, 23 (0.36%) Mafa and 2 (0.03%) in Gubio. Most of the case-patients 6,109 (95%) were IDPs living in camps. The median age was nine (9) years (Range: 2-80). Females 2,780 (43%) were most affected than males. We targeted a total of 855,492 individuals above one year of age in the affected LGAs for an OCV. We vaccinated 896,919 individuals using 914,565 doses of OCV, giving a coverage rate of 105%. The wastage rate was 0.4%. We did not report any Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI). On OCV day four, 122 was the highest number of daily reported case-patients after which the daily case count began to decline until the end of the outbreak. The overall case fatality rate (CFR:0.95%) was 0.95%. Conclusion: The protracted cholera outbreak increased in magnitude and strength, and affected mostly children living in IDPs camps. The cholera outbreak was rapidly detected, and the response was timely, which might have been a possible reason for the low CFR. The reactive OCV might have influenced the ending of the outbreak. Despite the complex and challenging context, we were able to contain the outbreak within four months with a low CFR.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70010073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.308
M. Ugwu, Chinedu Omanukwue, Collins Chimezie Izuchukwu, U. Okezie, C. Ejikeugwu, Ezinne Nnnabuife-Iloh, C. Esimone
Background: Poultry production is a key interface for the spread of novel zoonotic and antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens. Salmonella spp. and S. aureus isolates from 2 poultry production were tested for resistance to clinical antibiotics. Methods: One hundred 100 anal swab samples were aseptically collected from 2 small scale poultry farms located within Agulu, during the period of February 2016 to May 2016. The swab sticks were carefully transferred into the buffered peptone water and incubated at 37°C for 24hours and pre-enriched in sterile nutrient broth at 37°C for 24hours. After which, the culture was streaked on selective media Salmonella-shigella Agar and Mannitol Salt Agar using a sterile wire loop and further incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. S. aureus and Salmonella isolates were identified using standard microbiological identification techniques. The isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility, and for the expression of extended spectrum β-lactamase as well as vancomycin sensitivity. Results: One hundred bacterial isolates (44 S. aureus and 56 Salmonella spp.) were bacteriologically obtained from the poultry samples. Resistance pattern of the isolates to antibiotics was in the order of ceftazidime>cefuroxime>cloxacillin>augmentin®>ceftriaxone>erythromycin>gentamicin>ofloxacin for S. aureus while the Salmonella spp. had augmentin®>cefuroxime~ofloxacin>gentamicin>ceftazidime>ceftriaxone. Only 5.3% (3/56) Salmonella spp. was ESBL producers while 27.3% S. aureus were Vancomycin resistant. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the poultry farm and poultry products could be a source of multiple antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella and S. aureus and may constitute a public health concern considering the circulation and consumption of livestock and their products, especially chickens and eggs.
{"title":"Poultry Farm and Poultry Products as Sources of Multiple Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella and S. aureus","authors":"M. Ugwu, Chinedu Omanukwue, Collins Chimezie Izuchukwu, U. Okezie, C. Ejikeugwu, Ezinne Nnnabuife-Iloh, C. Esimone","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.308","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Poultry production is a key interface for the spread of novel zoonotic and antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens. Salmonella spp. and S. aureus isolates from 2 poultry production were tested for resistance to clinical antibiotics. \u0000Methods: One hundred 100 anal swab samples were aseptically collected from 2 small scale poultry farms located within Agulu, during the period of February 2016 to May 2016. The swab sticks were carefully transferred into the buffered peptone water and incubated at 37°C for 24hours and pre-enriched in sterile nutrient broth at 37°C for 24hours. After which, the culture was streaked on selective media Salmonella-shigella Agar and Mannitol Salt Agar using a sterile wire loop and further incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. S. aureus and Salmonella isolates were identified using standard microbiological identification techniques. The isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility, and for the expression of extended spectrum β-lactamase as well as vancomycin sensitivity. \u0000Results: One hundred bacterial isolates (44 S. aureus and 56 Salmonella spp.) were bacteriologically obtained from the poultry samples. Resistance pattern of the isolates to antibiotics was in the order of ceftazidime>cefuroxime>cloxacillin>augmentin®>ceftriaxone>erythromycin>gentamicin>ofloxacin for S. aureus while the Salmonella spp. had augmentin®>cefuroxime~ofloxacin>gentamicin>ceftazidime>ceftriaxone. Only 5.3% (3/56) Salmonella spp. was ESBL producers while 27.3% S. aureus were Vancomycin resistant. \u0000Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the poultry farm and poultry products could be a source of multiple antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella and S. aureus and may constitute a public health concern considering the circulation and consumption of livestock and their products, especially chickens and eggs.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48410472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.307
Kabeta Legese
Intestinal parasitic protozoan infections remain as the major public health concerns in many developing countries like Ethiopia. A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic protozoan infection in patients admitted at Atat Hospital from September 2014 to August 2016. Stool samples collected from the patients were examined using direct wet mount and formal-Ether concentration techniques by experienced laboratory technologists of the hospital. Out of 15, 731 examined stool samples, 7062 (45%) were infected by intestinal protozoan parasites. Most of the infected individuals were infected by Entamoeba histolytica (60.0%) and the least was infected by Cryptosporidium parvum (3.6%). Higher infection was observed among males, 5-9 year age group, and during wet seasons. This study showed a yearly fluctuation of intestinal parasitic protozoan infections. Therefore, strategic, integrated and community participatory prevention and control program needs to be implemented in the study area.
{"title":"Infection Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Protozoans in Atat Hospital, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Kabeta Legese","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.307","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal parasitic protozoan infections remain as the major public health concerns in many developing countries like Ethiopia. A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic protozoan infection in patients admitted at Atat Hospital from September 2014 to August 2016. Stool samples collected from the patients were examined using direct wet mount and formal-Ether concentration techniques by experienced laboratory technologists of the hospital. Out of 15, 731 examined stool samples, 7062 (45%) were infected by intestinal protozoan parasites. Most of the infected individuals were infected by Entamoeba histolytica (60.0%) and the least was infected by Cryptosporidium parvum (3.6%). Higher infection was observed among males, 5-9 year age group, and during wet seasons. This study showed a yearly fluctuation of intestinal parasitic protozoan infections. Therefore, strategic, integrated and community participatory prevention and control program needs to be implemented in the study area.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70008349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.317
Y. Hagos, Mebrahtu Berhe, Getachew Gugsa
Campylobacter is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in humans. The bacteria is a common component of the intestinal microbiota of numerous wild bird and mammalsâ species, and cause disease in human typically due to ingestion of contaminated food like that of chicken, drinking untreated water or unpasteurized milk and contact with farm animals. Most cases are sporadic with a seasonal peak during the summer. Usually, the disease manifested by fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, which usually diagnosed based on the patientâs history and the symptoms. The case campylobacteriosis was rarely investigated and under-reported in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aims of this paper are to review the nature of Campylobacter spp. and overview its status as a foodborne zoonosis in Ethiopia. Based on the published report from different parts of Ethiopia, thermophilic Campylobacter spp. were isolated from raw meats and feces samples of different domestic animals and human. The highest prevalence reported from chicken meats, and C. jejuni and C. coli were the most prevalence Campylobacter spp. isolated from both the foods of animal origin and human beings. The disease has significantly reported from different parts of the country, though researches do not seem to cover wider geographic areas. Campylobacteriosis control and prevention strategies should focus on prevention of transmission to human beings by implementing strict hygienic control measures along the food chain to improve the hygienic conditions during handling, slaughtering, storage and commercialization of foods.
{"title":"Campylobacteriosis: Emphasis on its Status as Foodborne Zoonosis in Ethiopia","authors":"Y. Hagos, Mebrahtu Berhe, Getachew Gugsa","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.317","url":null,"abstract":"Campylobacter is one of the major causes of gastroenteritis in humans. The bacteria is a common component of the intestinal microbiota of numerous wild bird and mammalsâ species, and cause disease in human typically due to ingestion of contaminated food like that of chicken, drinking untreated water or unpasteurized milk and contact with farm animals. Most cases are sporadic with a seasonal peak during the summer. Usually, the disease manifested by fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea, which usually diagnosed based on the patientâs history and the symptoms. The case campylobacteriosis was rarely investigated and under-reported in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aims of this paper are to review the nature of Campylobacter spp. and overview its status as a foodborne zoonosis in Ethiopia. Based on the published report from different parts of Ethiopia, thermophilic Campylobacter spp. were isolated from raw meats and feces samples of different domestic animals and human. The highest prevalence reported from chicken meats, and C. jejuni and C. coli were the most prevalence Campylobacter spp. isolated from both the foods of animal origin and human beings. The disease has significantly reported from different parts of the country, though researches do not seem to cover wider geographic areas. Campylobacteriosis control and prevention strategies should focus on prevention of transmission to human beings by implementing strict hygienic control measures along the food chain to improve the hygienic conditions during handling, slaughtering, storage and commercialization of foods.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70008863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.320
O. Ouédraogo, Luisa Nunziangeli, Edith C. Bougouma, Y. Kaboré, A. Diarra, B. Kote, A. Tiono, G. Corradin, V. Mangano, D. Modiano, Y. Traoré, S. Sirima, R. Spaccapelo, I. Nebie’
The naturally acquired immunity is one of the models of immunity that is exploited for malaria antigens discovery. We have used multiplex protein microarrays of 92 P. falciparum alpha-helical coiled coil protein motifs to screen plasma samples obtained from 1113 children and adults belonging to three sympatric ethnic groups from malaria endemic area of Burkina Faso. We have investigated the influence of some factors such as age, ethnicity, hemoglobin genotype and sex on the antigens reactivity and the IgG antibody level. We also investigated specifically, the influence of the factors mentioned above on the 36 antigens with the highest antibody prevalence and intensity. As expected, the findings of the study confirmed the positive correlation between age, antigens reactivity and IgG antibody level. Except for three antigens (MSP2_3D7, MR260, and As182.20), the IgG level was higher in adults compared to children. The Fulani ethnic group recognized more antigens with the highest IgG values compared to the sympatric groups of Mossi and Rimaibe, except for six antigens (LR166, LR146, AS182.15, MR214, MR236A, and MSP3). In General, the hemoglobin type and sex did not have any influence on the IgG antibody reactivity and intensity. Except for four antigens (MR232, MR261A, MSP2_3D7, and NANP) 10), there was statistically no IgG intensity difference between people with normal hemoglobin genotype (AA) and the non-(AA) volunteers. Our study has demonstrated that protein microarrays of alpha-helical coiled-coil proteins motifs are suitable to screen the naturally acquired immunity. The findings of the study should be considered in any strategy for new antigen related to alpha-helical coiled coil protein segments discovery for a potential vaccine clinical development.
{"title":"Seroreactivity of Populations Living in Endemic Area of Burkina Faso to Plasmodium falciparum Alpha-Helical Coiled Coil Proteins Motifs by Protein Microarray","authors":"O. Ouédraogo, Luisa Nunziangeli, Edith C. Bougouma, Y. Kaboré, A. Diarra, B. Kote, A. Tiono, G. Corradin, V. Mangano, D. Modiano, Y. Traoré, S. Sirima, R. Spaccapelo, I. Nebie’","doi":"10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.320","url":null,"abstract":"The naturally acquired immunity is one of the models of immunity that is exploited for malaria antigens discovery. We have used multiplex protein microarrays of 92 P. falciparum alpha-helical coiled coil protein motifs to screen plasma samples obtained from 1113 children and adults belonging to three sympatric ethnic groups from malaria endemic area of Burkina Faso. We have investigated the influence of some factors such as age, ethnicity, hemoglobin genotype and sex on the antigens reactivity and the IgG antibody level. We also investigated specifically, the influence of the factors mentioned above on the 36 antigens with the highest antibody prevalence and intensity. As expected, the findings of the study confirmed the positive correlation between age, antigens reactivity and IgG antibody level. Except for three antigens (MSP2_3D7, MR260, and As182.20), the IgG level was higher in adults compared to children. The Fulani ethnic group recognized more antigens with the highest IgG values compared to the sympatric groups of Mossi and Rimaibe, except for six antigens (LR166, LR146, AS182.15, MR214, MR236A, and MSP3). In General, the hemoglobin type and sex did not have any influence on the IgG antibody reactivity and intensity. Except for four antigens (MR232, MR261A, MSP2_3D7, and NANP) 10), there was statistically no IgG intensity difference between people with normal hemoglobin genotype (AA) and the non-(AA) volunteers. Our study has demonstrated that protein microarrays of alpha-helical coiled-coil proteins motifs are suitable to screen the naturally acquired immunity. The findings of the study should be considered in any strategy for new antigen related to alpha-helical coiled coil protein segments discovery for a potential vaccine clinical development.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70008992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.314
A. Salem, Mahmoud Hussein Alshoeiby, Badawy M. Ahmed, Mona M. Sayed
Introduction: The study aims to describe the clinico-pathological data of adult patients with different types of primary adrenal masses admitted to SECI and their outcome. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at surgical oncology department, South Egypt cancer institute, Assiut University, from January 2006 till December of 2015. Ninety-six patients with proved primary suprarenal tumor were included in the study and their data were retrospectively collected. We tried to perform an epidemiological study and to evaluate the surgical outcome after adrenalectomy for either benign or malignant suprarenal tumors in term of intraoperative morbidity and short postoperative complications and long term follow up. Results: A total of 96 adult patients diagnosed with primary suprarenal tumors (36 males and 60 females). Overall, 24 patients had benign lesions and 72 had malignant tumors (64 of cases had tumor size ≥ 6 cm). Hormonal evaluation was performed in all cases, which revealed hypersecretion in 10 cases, seventy-six patients underwent adrenalectomy, pathology was Adrenocortical carcinoma in 43 cases, Pheochromocytoma 22 cases, Adrenocortical hyperplasia 8 cases, paraganglioma 7 cases, Myelolipoma and adenoma 6 cases each, splenecule and suprarenal cyst 2 cases each. The mean of overall survival for malignant cases was 73.63 months. Conclusion: The rarity of primary suprarenal tumours should not disprove their clinical significance because of their particular location and endocrine effects, and must be dealt with a multidisciplinary team to achieve cure and give the best survival values.
{"title":"Primary Adrenal Tumors in Adults Single Institute 10 Years andrsquo; Experience","authors":"A. Salem, Mahmoud Hussein Alshoeiby, Badawy M. Ahmed, Mona M. Sayed","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.314","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The study aims to describe the clinico-pathological data of adult patients with different types of primary adrenal masses admitted to SECI and their outcome. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted at surgical oncology department, South Egypt cancer institute, Assiut University, from January 2006 till December of 2015. Ninety-six patients with proved primary suprarenal tumor were included in the study and their data were retrospectively collected. We tried to perform an epidemiological study and to evaluate the surgical outcome after adrenalectomy for either benign or malignant suprarenal tumors in term of intraoperative morbidity and short postoperative complications and long term follow up. Results: A total of 96 adult patients diagnosed with primary suprarenal tumors (36 males and 60 females). Overall, 24 patients had benign lesions and 72 had malignant tumors (64 of cases had tumor size ≥ 6 cm). Hormonal evaluation was performed in all cases, which revealed hypersecretion in 10 cases, seventy-six patients underwent adrenalectomy, pathology was Adrenocortical carcinoma in 43 cases, Pheochromocytoma 22 cases, Adrenocortical hyperplasia 8 cases, paraganglioma 7 cases, Myelolipoma and adenoma 6 cases each, splenecule and suprarenal cyst 2 cases each. The mean of overall survival for malignant cases was 73.63 months. Conclusion: The rarity of primary suprarenal tumours should not disprove their clinical significance because of their particular location and endocrine effects, and must be dealt with a multidisciplinary team to achieve cure and give the best survival values.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.329
H. Almossawi, R. Matji, Y. Pillay, H. Singh, L. Mvusi, B. Mbambo, Aida Olkkonen, N. Kak
Background: In recognition of the convergence of high levels of Tuberculosis (TB) and increasing Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in South Africa, the country has prioritized integrated clinical service management for acute diseases and chronic conditions at the primary health care level. The shift toward collaborative activities requires changes in all areas of the health system. Objective: To assess the readiness of the primary health care system to provide integrated tuberculosis and diabetes services, this case study assessed leadership/governance, the health workforce, health information systems, access to medicines, and service delivery. Methods: The mixed-method study included interviews with health facility managers, facility checklist of TB and DM supplies and commodities, review of health records, a patient survey, and focus group discussions with health managers in three districts in KwaZulu Natal Province, Eastern Cape Province, and Free State Province. Results: Performance in bi-directional screening and co-management of TB and DM was weak: TB patients sometimes received DM screening, and the results were sometimes reported. Whether DM patients were routinely being screened for TB was unclear due to the lack of systematic reporting on DM patients. Two potential factors undermining service delivery were the overburdened health workforce and the poor health information system, particularly for DM data recording and reporting. The availability of supplies and commodities for integrated service delivery was good. Conclusion: South Africa has exhibited a strong policy-level commitment to the integrated management of chronic and acute diseases at all levels. The challenge is on operationalizing the guidelines at the primary health care level. Investments need to focus particularly on strengthening the capacity of the health workforce at the primary health care level and establishing an integrated strategy for data collection and analysis.
{"title":"Primary Health Care System Readiness for Diabetes Mellitus and Tuberculosis Service Integration in South Africa","authors":"H. Almossawi, R. Matji, Y. Pillay, H. Singh, L. Mvusi, B. Mbambo, Aida Olkkonen, N. Kak","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.329","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recognition of the convergence of high levels of Tuberculosis (TB) and increasing Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in South Africa, the country has prioritized integrated clinical service management for acute diseases and chronic conditions at the primary health care level. The shift toward collaborative activities requires changes in all areas of the health system. Objective: To assess the readiness of the primary health care system to provide integrated tuberculosis and diabetes services, this case study assessed leadership/governance, the health workforce, health information systems, access to medicines, and service delivery. Methods: The mixed-method study included interviews with health facility managers, facility checklist of TB and DM supplies and commodities, review of health records, a patient survey, and focus group discussions with health managers in three districts in KwaZulu Natal Province, Eastern Cape Province, and Free State Province. Results: Performance in bi-directional screening and co-management of TB and DM was weak: TB patients sometimes received DM screening, and the results were sometimes reported. Whether DM patients were routinely being screened for TB was unclear due to the lack of systematic reporting on DM patients. Two potential factors undermining service delivery were the overburdened health workforce and the poor health information system, particularly for DM data recording and reporting. The availability of supplies and commodities for integrated service delivery was good. Conclusion: South Africa has exhibited a strong policy-level commitment to the integrated management of chronic and acute diseases at all levels. The challenge is on operationalizing the guidelines at the primary health care level. Investments need to focus particularly on strengthening the capacity of the health workforce at the primary health care level and establishing an integrated strategy for data collection and analysis.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.330
Sintayehu Tsegaye Tseha
Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Coartem® in the treatment of simple P. falciparum malaria in Woreta Town, South Gonder Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: 2240 febrile patients attending the health center were screened and capillary blood was obtained by finger prick. Giemsa stained thick and thin blood smears were prepared and used for parasite density and species identification. Of the 2240 patients tested, 88 with confirmed falciparum malaria were enrolled and treated with Coartem®. Haemoglobin concentration of the study participants was measured on day 0, 14 and 28. Of the 88 patients enrolled, five were lost to follow and five were excluded from treatment response analysis due to protocol violation. As a result, 78 patients were evaluated for treatment outcomes. Results: The adequate clinical and parasitological response was 100% at day 28. Fever clearance was fast with only 1.7% being febrile at day three. Parasite clearance was rapid with almost all patients (98.9%) being free of parasitmia on day 2. A significant increase in haemoglobin level was observed on day 28. Conclusion: Thus, these findings further support the use of Coartem as an effective treatment of simple P. falciparum malaria in the infectious disease area.
{"title":"Therapeutic Efficacy of Coartem® in Treatment of Simple Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Woreta, South Gonder Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Sintayehu Tsegaye Tseha","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.330","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Coartem® in the treatment of simple P. falciparum malaria in Woreta Town, South Gonder Zone, Ethiopia. Methods: 2240 febrile patients attending the health center were screened and capillary blood was obtained by finger prick. Giemsa stained thick and thin blood smears were prepared and used for parasite density and species identification. Of the 2240 patients tested, 88 with confirmed falciparum malaria were enrolled and treated with Coartem®. Haemoglobin concentration of the study participants was measured on day 0, 14 and 28. Of the 88 patients enrolled, five were lost to follow and five were excluded from treatment response analysis due to protocol violation. As a result, 78 patients were evaluated for treatment outcomes. Results: The adequate clinical and parasitological response was 100% at day 28. Fever clearance was fast with only 1.7% being febrile at day three. Parasite clearance was rapid with almost all patients (98.9%) being free of parasitmia on day 2. A significant increase in haemoglobin level was observed on day 28. Conclusion: Thus, these findings further support the use of Coartem as an effective treatment of simple P. falciparum malaria in the infectious disease area.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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