Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.306
Desalegn B Sendekie, N. Worku
Background: Studies across Ethiopia’s public universities indicated the presence of risky sexual practice. But, there is limited data among students in private universities. This study was conducted to identify patterns and predisposing factors of risky sexual behavior, as well as analyze knowledge, risk perception and attitude to HIV infection. Method: Cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire containing four sections of questions addressing the socio-economic-and-demographic characteristics; substance use and sexual practice of students in one of the randomly selected private universities in Addis Ababa. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (V.16) software. Results: 502 questionnaires were distributed, 425 were completed (with 84.7% response rate). Among students who ever had sex: we found 45 (26.3%) with the early sexual debut, 71 (40.3%) with multiple lifetime partners and 14 (7.8%) had sex for money. In the last 12 months: 157 students were sexually active. 44 (28%) of them had multiple partners. Six male students had sex with other males; 18 males had sex with commercial sex workers. Four of five respondents (145; 81.9%) had ever used a condom. Two third of them used condom-at first or last sex and always with a new partner. The identified factors predisposing to risky sexual behavior were individual factors, social factors, living and cultural conditions. Students with high knowledge of HIV were observed to practice sex with low self-risk perception and HIV testing. Conclusion: Risky sexual behavior exists among private university students. It is suggested that the academic institutions need to collaborate with local health organizations-to study further and mitigate the identified risks.
{"title":"A Case Study on Risky Sexual Behaviour of Undergraduate Students in Ethiopia","authors":"Desalegn B Sendekie, N. Worku","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.306","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies across Ethiopia’s public universities indicated the presence of risky sexual practice. But, there is limited data among students in private universities. This study was conducted to identify patterns and predisposing factors of risky sexual behavior, as well as analyze knowledge, risk perception and attitude to HIV infection. Method: Cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire containing four sections of questions addressing the socio-economic-and-demographic characteristics; substance use and sexual practice of students in one of the randomly selected private universities in Addis Ababa. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (V.16) software. Results: 502 questionnaires were distributed, 425 were completed (with 84.7% response rate). Among students who ever had sex: we found 45 (26.3%) with the early sexual debut, 71 (40.3%) with multiple lifetime partners and 14 (7.8%) had sex for money. In the last 12 months: 157 students were sexually active. 44 (28%) of them had multiple partners. Six male students had sex with other males; 18 males had sex with commercial sex workers. Four of five respondents (145; 81.9%) had ever used a condom. Two third of them used condom-at first or last sex and always with a new partner. The identified factors predisposing to risky sexual behavior were individual factors, social factors, living and cultural conditions. Students with high knowledge of HIV were observed to practice sex with low self-risk perception and HIV testing. Conclusion: Risky sexual behavior exists among private university students. It is suggested that the academic institutions need to collaborate with local health organizations-to study further and mitigate the identified risks.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70008376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.331
A. Kukoyi, K. Arowora, Francis Ushie Ebuara, B. Ocheme
It was important to undertake this study because the health status of students in universities affects not only their academic performance but also the overall health of society. Samples were collected from 80 donors, 20 each from the host community and the three faculties Federal University Wukari (FUW). Strip and rapid slide methods were used for the analyses of this research. Out of 80 blood donors, 17 (21%) were seropositive for HBV, with the host community having the highest prevalence of 30% within its group. Eight (8), which represented 10% of the 80 donors were seropositive for HIV, out of this figure, the highest seropositivity was observed from the host community. Regarding malaria, 61 out of total donors were seropositive, while the remaining 19 were found to be seronegative. Out of this seropositive figure, 85% i.e. 17 out of 20 was observed from samples obtained from the Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences. On Typhoid, the total prevalence of seropositivity was found to be 16.25%, while seronegativity was observed to be 83.75%. However, the highest level of seropositivity prevalence was found in the Faculty of Humanities, Management, and Social Sciences. On the Packed cell volume, 52.5% of the total sampling was normal, out of which the host community recorded the highest. On the Body Mass Index (BMI), it was observed that 96.25% of the donors fell within the normal range, while 3.75% was found to be overweighed. All the donors examined in this study had normal range of white blood cells. Based on the results of this study, the host community appeared to be healthier than randomly selected final year student.
{"title":"Assessment of the Health Status of Both Locals and Students of Federal University Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Kukoyi, K. Arowora, Francis Ushie Ebuara, B. Ocheme","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.331","url":null,"abstract":"It was important to undertake this study because the health status of students in universities affects not only their academic performance but also the overall health of society. Samples were collected from 80 donors, 20 each from the host community and the three faculties Federal University Wukari (FUW). Strip and rapid slide methods were used for the analyses of this research. Out of 80 blood donors, 17 (21%) were seropositive for HBV, with the host community having the highest prevalence of 30% within its group. Eight (8), which represented 10% of the 80 donors were seropositive for HIV, out of this figure, the highest seropositivity was observed from the host community. Regarding malaria, 61 out of total donors were seropositive, while the remaining 19 were found to be seronegative. Out of this seropositive figure, 85% i.e. 17 out of 20 was observed from samples obtained from the Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences. On Typhoid, the total prevalence of seropositivity was found to be 16.25%, while seronegativity was observed to be 83.75%. However, the highest level of seropositivity prevalence was found in the Faculty of Humanities, Management, and Social Sciences. On the Packed cell volume, 52.5% of the total sampling was normal, out of which the host community recorded the highest. On the Body Mass Index (BMI), it was observed that 96.25% of the donors fell within the normal range, while 3.75% was found to be overweighed. All the donors examined in this study had normal range of white blood cells. Based on the results of this study, the host community appeared to be healthier than randomly selected final year student.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.327
Nwanna Uchechukwu Kevin
Introduction: There are a number of challenges to both the mother and the healthcare workers due to the risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission as a result of infant feeding which poses a risk of HIV transmission. Proper and sufficient nutrition is crucial for child growth and development, and throughout the lifespan of the child. The focus of the Uganda national health sector is to promote health, disease prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of disease. National minimum health care package consists of Maternal and Child Health; Prevention, management, and control of communicable diseases; Prevention, management, and control of noncommunicable diseases; Health promotion and community health initiatives. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of adherence to feeding guidelines for infants born to mothers living with HIV in Rakai District, Uganda. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used with a sample size of 138 respondents and employing a quantitative method of inquiry. A non-probability sampling strategy called consecutive sampling was used to sample the mothers with HIV. Data were analyzed using SPSS to generate descriptive analysis data. Results: Out of 135 HIV mothers interviewed, 69 (51.1%) adhered to breastfeeding guidelines for infants born to HIV mothers. Conclusion: 5 in every 10 HIV mothers adhere to breastfeeding guidelines for infants born to HIV mothers. Recommendations: Timely re-orientation of the mothers and family about the infant feeding, proper monitoring by the health workers.
{"title":"Level of Adherence to Feeding Guidelines for Infants Born to Mothers Living with HIV in Rakai District, Uganda","authors":"Nwanna Uchechukwu Kevin","doi":"10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.327","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There are a number of challenges to both the mother and the healthcare workers due to the risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission as a result of infant feeding which poses a risk of HIV transmission. Proper and sufficient nutrition is crucial for child growth and development, and throughout the lifespan of the child. The focus of the Uganda national health sector is to promote health, disease prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of disease. National minimum health care package consists of Maternal and Child Health; Prevention, management, and control of communicable diseases; Prevention, management, and control of noncommunicable diseases; Health promotion and community health initiatives. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of adherence to feeding guidelines for infants born to mothers living with HIV in Rakai District, Uganda. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used with a sample size of 138 respondents and employing a quantitative method of inquiry. A non-probability sampling strategy called consecutive sampling was used to sample the mothers with HIV. Data were analyzed using SPSS to generate descriptive analysis data. Results: Out of 135 HIV mothers interviewed, 69 (51.1%) adhered to breastfeeding guidelines for infants born to HIV mothers. Conclusion: 5 in every 10 HIV mothers adhere to breastfeeding guidelines for infants born to HIV mothers. Recommendations: Timely re-orientation of the mothers and family about the infant feeding, proper monitoring by the health workers.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.323
Shemsu Kedir Juhar, Sisay Kebede Gebregeorgis, Awad Mohammed Amdalla, Yemsirach Reta Silishe, M. Agonafir, Kassu Desta
Background: The need to collect serial sputum specimens over multiple patient visits for pulmonary tuberculosis results in a protected diagnostic process with rates of patients with high rates of patient dropout. Recent studies on Spot Morning Spot (SMS) method of examination PTB reported that the first two specimens have high smear positivity in line with this WHO changed its policy to minimize the number of sputum specimens from three to two. Methods and Materials: Across-sectional study was conducted in 16 conveniently selected private clinics, governmental health centers, public and private hospitals from September 2017-December 2018. Individuals attending the selected health institutions for the diagnosis of MTB submitted three sputum samples for routine diagnosis (the standard approach). One additional sample was collected 1 h after the first sputum (the same-day approach). One sputum sample was cultured. The diagnosis was performed using ZN sputum smear microscopy and Light-Emitting Diodes Fluorescent Microscopy (LED-FM) technique. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. We used sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the different methods. Result: A total of 209 participants enrolled, 43 (21%) were identified culture positive, 39 (18.7%) were detected by the same day approach and 40 (19.1%) by the standard approach. On the other hand, LED-FM and ZN microscopy detected 39 (18.1%) and 48 (23%) tuberculosis cases respectively. Sensitivity was 88.4% for ZN microscopy and 95.3% for LED-FM and the specificity was 99.4% and 95.9% for ZN and LED-FM microscopy respectively. Conclusion: Using the same day approach together with LED-FM would reduce workload, TAT, patient drop out and increase the smear detection rate. Therefore it is necessary to give in-service and off service training for health personnel towards the use of LED-FM, conventional approach and the same day approach in the diagnosis of TB.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Same Day Diagnosis of TB Microscopy in Comparison with Spot-Morning-Spot Method in Selected Public Health Institutions, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Shemsu Kedir Juhar, Sisay Kebede Gebregeorgis, Awad Mohammed Amdalla, Yemsirach Reta Silishe, M. Agonafir, Kassu Desta","doi":"10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.323","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The need to collect serial sputum specimens over multiple patient visits for pulmonary tuberculosis results in a protected diagnostic process with rates of patients with high rates of patient dropout. Recent studies on Spot Morning Spot (SMS) method of examination PTB reported that the first two specimens have high smear positivity in line with this WHO changed its policy to minimize the number of sputum specimens from three to two. Methods and Materials: Across-sectional study was conducted in 16 conveniently selected private clinics, governmental health centers, public and private hospitals from September 2017-December 2018. Individuals attending the selected health institutions for the diagnosis of MTB submitted three sputum samples for routine diagnosis (the standard approach). One additional sample was collected 1 h after the first sputum (the same-day approach). One sputum sample was cultured. The diagnosis was performed using ZN sputum smear microscopy and Light-Emitting Diodes Fluorescent Microscopy (LED-FM) technique. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16. We used sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the different methods. Result: A total of 209 participants enrolled, 43 (21%) were identified culture positive, 39 (18.7%) were detected by the same day approach and 40 (19.1%) by the standard approach. On the other hand, LED-FM and ZN microscopy detected 39 (18.1%) and 48 (23%) tuberculosis cases respectively. Sensitivity was 88.4% for ZN microscopy and 95.3% for LED-FM and the specificity was 99.4% and 95.9% for ZN and LED-FM microscopy respectively. Conclusion: Using the same day approach together with LED-FM would reduce workload, TAT, patient drop out and increase the smear detection rate. Therefore it is necessary to give in-service and off service training for health personnel towards the use of LED-FM, conventional approach and the same day approach in the diagnosis of TB.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2329-891X.1000303
Getachew Tekle
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV attacks and destroys certain types of white blood cells that are essential to the body's immune system, the biological ability of the human body to fight infections. The main aim of this study was to find out some socioeconomic, demographic and health factors that influence the survival/death status of HIV positive people under ART follow-up. It is a cross sectional study based on data from the ART clinic in Ottona Hospital, south Ethiopia. The analytical methodologies Descriptive analysis and Binary Logistic regression were employed to identify the covariates that have a statistically significant effect on the survival time of HIV infected patients. The logistic regression analysis of the study from ART clinic of Wolaita Sodo University referral hospital gave results confirming that the factors age, weight, CD4 level, functional status, TB treatment and sex use have statistically significant effects on the survival of patients. Researchers should focus on this field of study i.e. in the medical area of health centers and ART program.
{"title":"Assessment of Socio-Economic, Demographic and Health Factors that Influences the Survival/Death Status of HIV Positive People under Art Follow-Up at Wolaita Sodo Referral Hospital (Ottona), Ethiopia","authors":"Getachew Tekle","doi":"10.4172/2329-891X.1000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-891X.1000303","url":null,"abstract":"Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV attacks and destroys certain types of white blood cells that are essential to the body's immune system, the biological ability of the human body to fight infections. The main aim of this study was to find out some socioeconomic, demographic and health factors that influence the survival/death status of HIV positive people under ART follow-up. It is a cross sectional study based on data from the ART clinic in Ottona Hospital, south Ethiopia. The analytical methodologies Descriptive analysis and Binary Logistic regression were employed to identify the covariates that have a statistically significant effect on the survival time of HIV infected patients. The logistic regression analysis of the study from ART clinic of Wolaita Sodo University referral hospital gave results confirming that the factors age, weight, CD4 level, functional status, TB treatment and sex use have statistically significant effects on the survival of patients. Researchers should focus on this field of study i.e. in the medical area of health centers and ART program.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70276507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.305
N. Worku, G. Birkenmeier
Background: Initial studies have confirmed the efficacy of protease inhibitors in the treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and Leishmania major. However, studies on efficacy and specific protease inhibition of HIV-1 protease inhibitors on Trypanosoma brucei cells remained untouched. The objective of the current study was to determine the efficacy of two HIV-1 protease inhibitors, ritonavir, and saquinavir, in Trypanosoma brucei proliferation and to determine if these HIV-1 protease inhibitors target the activity of the Trypanosoma brucei major proteases. Methods: Time dependency test at variable increasing concentrations, motile cell counts, alamarBlue® cell proliferation/viability assay and zymography were among the methods applied. Results: Both ritonavir (IC50=12.23 ± 0.33 µM) and saquinavir (IC50=11.49 ± 0.31 µM) effectively inhibited Trypanosoma brucei cells proliferation. The major proteases identified in these cells were the cysteine (~29 kDa Mr) and metallo- (~66 kDa Mr) proteases. Protein band densitometry results showed a statistically significant (Pvalue< 0.05) inhibition in metallo-and cysteine-proteases’ activity in Trypanosoma brucei cells. Conclusion: The results suggest that RTV and SQV showed an anti-proliferative effect in Trypanosoma brucei cells possibly due to the non-specific targeting of the cysteine-and metalloprotease activities of the parasite.
{"title":"Preliminary Results Indicate the Anti-Proliferative Effect of HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors on Trypanosoma brucei Cells can be Due to the Non-Specific Targeting of Metallo-and Cysteine-Proteases","authors":"N. Worku, G. Birkenmeier","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.305","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Initial studies have confirmed the efficacy of protease inhibitors in the treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and Leishmania major. However, studies on efficacy and specific protease inhibition of HIV-1 protease inhibitors on Trypanosoma brucei cells remained untouched. The objective of the current study was to determine the efficacy of two HIV-1 protease inhibitors, ritonavir, and saquinavir, in Trypanosoma brucei proliferation and to determine if these HIV-1 protease inhibitors target the activity of the Trypanosoma brucei major proteases. Methods: Time dependency test at variable increasing concentrations, motile cell counts, alamarBlue® cell proliferation/viability assay and zymography were among the methods applied. Results: Both ritonavir (IC50=12.23 ± 0.33 µM) and saquinavir (IC50=11.49 ± 0.31 µM) effectively inhibited Trypanosoma brucei cells proliferation. The major proteases identified in these cells were the cysteine (~29 kDa Mr) and metallo- (~66 kDa Mr) proteases. Protein band densitometry results showed a statistically significant (Pvalue< 0.05) inhibition in metallo-and cysteine-proteases’ activity in Trypanosoma brucei cells. Conclusion: The results suggest that RTV and SQV showed an anti-proliferative effect in Trypanosoma brucei cells possibly due to the non-specific targeting of the cysteine-and metalloprotease activities of the parasite.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70008312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.334
olph Quaye
This paper examines the importance of home-based care in delivering ART to people with HIV in Tanzania. While research into self-management of HIV under ART in Africa has focused mostly on adherence to treatment, relatively little has explored the benefits of home-based care as an effective strategy in reaching a targeted population of people with HIV in Dar es Salaam. A total of 41 respondents were interviewed. Questions detailed treatment-seeking behavior and how best to improve the care the patients receive. Findings: Majority of respondents see a greater benefit in accessing treatment through home-based care. Several touted cost savings, ease of access, privacy, and less stigmatization as clear benefits over currently clinic-based programs. The study concludes that home-based programs should be scaled-up because of its feasibility, preferability, and importance of HBC in the dissemination of ART.
{"title":"Assessing the Role of Home-Based Care in Antiretroviral Therapy in Tanzania","authors":"olph Quaye","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.334","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the importance of home-based care in delivering ART to people with HIV in Tanzania. While research into self-management of HIV under ART in Africa has focused mostly on adherence to treatment, relatively little has explored the benefits of home-based care as an effective strategy in reaching a targeted population of people with HIV in Dar es Salaam. A total of 41 respondents were interviewed. Questions detailed treatment-seeking behavior and how best to improve the care the patients receive. Findings: Majority of respondents see a greater benefit in accessing treatment through home-based care. Several touted cost savings, ease of access, privacy, and less stigmatization as clear benefits over currently clinic-based programs. The study concludes that home-based programs should be scaled-up because of its feasibility, preferability, and importance of HBC in the dissemination of ART.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.311
A. S. Rahman
The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends seasonal malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) against falciparum malaria, which is “effective, cost-effective, safe, and feasible for the prevention of malaria among children less than five years of age in areas with highly seasonal malaria transmission”. Due to tropical monsoon (rainy season followed by dry season), hilly forests with the river, Bangladesh is an ideal setting for seasonal malaria transmission, especially in Chittagong Hill Tract (CHT) districts. Intermittent Preventive Treatment in children (IPTc) has been successfully implemented in West African countries that prevent three-quarter of all clinical malaria episodes. Bangladesh has a similar context in terms of climate, malaria species, and structure of the health system are similar to these African countries. So, IPTc can be applicable in Bangladesh along with the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP). But need to secure consistent funding ensure good management of drugs supply, storage, and delivery.
{"title":"Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTc) for Seasonal Malaria Transmission-An Opinion","authors":"A. S. Rahman","doi":"10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891X.19.7.311","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends seasonal malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) against falciparum malaria, which is “effective, cost-effective, safe, and feasible for the prevention of malaria among children less than five years of age in areas with highly seasonal malaria transmission”. Due to tropical monsoon (rainy season followed by dry season), hilly forests with the river, Bangladesh is an ideal setting for seasonal malaria transmission, especially in Chittagong Hill Tract (CHT) districts. Intermittent Preventive Treatment in children (IPTc) has been successfully implemented in West African countries that prevent three-quarter of all clinical malaria episodes. Bangladesh has a similar context in terms of climate, malaria species, and structure of the health system are similar to these African countries. So, IPTc can be applicable in Bangladesh along with the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP). But need to secure consistent funding ensure good management of drugs supply, storage, and delivery.","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70008632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.322
Shemsu Kedir Juhar
{"title":"Evaluation of Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis Before and After Antibiotic Use: The Case of Four Public Health Centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","authors":"Shemsu Kedir Juhar","doi":"10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tropical diseases & public health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70009052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2329-891x.19.7.328
V. Kattel, Y. Agrawal, P. Naveenkumar, ey, Semanta Dahal, B. Khanal
Introduction: Acute Febrile Illness (AFI) is a common clinical syndrome presenting at tropical health centers. The challenges in resource-limited set up are an undifferentiated clinical manifestation with wide differentials and inadequate laboratory diagnostic support. With this background, we conducted a study to look at the outcome of AFI spectrum presented at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), a referral medical school hospital in eastern Nepal. Objective: To determine the etiological diagnosis and hospital-based outcome of AFI. Methods: It was a prospective observational study of the AFI inpatient cases in the Department of Internal Medicine from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2013. Considering a 15% prevalence of acute febrile in patients with a 95% confidence interval and 95% power of study a sample size of 196 was calculated. Assuming 25% as a sampling error 245 patients were enrolled. The patient was diagnosed and treated as per the hospital protocol developed by Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit. Case record form was used to record and tabulated in an excel sheet. Descriptive and analytic statistics were used. Results: The incidence of AFI was 12% (557) among the 4669 inpatient cases. Among 245 enrolled cases, 61% presented as localized fever. The most common clinical diagnosis was pneumonia (29%), urinary tract infection (18%), meningitis (11%) and tropical disease (14%) that includes malaria, dengue, rickettsia, and leptospirosis. The etiological diagnosis was established among 26% (64). Among AFI cases sepsis, acute renal injury and septic shock was present in 18%, 11%, and 6% respectively. The putative diagnosis could not be made in 18% (44) of the cases and they were treated empirically with dual antibiotics (injectable 3rd generation cephalosporin with macrolides or fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides). Favorable outcomes in term of clinical cure were seen in 76% (186) of the cases. Conclusion: Establishment of etiological diagnosis is logistically not feasible in developing the world. Contextual guidelines for undifferentiated fever may be a possible option for improving the outcome of undifferentiated fever in Nepal.
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