The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiological performance of heat stressed growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with vitamin anti-oxidants and bicarbonate buffers. A total of thirty (30) growing rabbits (New Zealand White crosses) of two months old were used in this study. There were six (6) rabbits per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment groups consisted of: control, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and potassium bicarbonate, (KHNO3) solution respectively, Vitamin C, and baobab fruit pulp meal (BFPM) as supplements, respectively. The experiment lasted for 9 weeks. Five milliliters of blood were collected from five rabbits (through the ear vein) chosen randomly from each group of rabbits, respectively at the beginning and the end of the experiment for serum metabolite and thyroxine hormone evaluation. Physiological performance of the rabbits was also evaluated. It was found that environmental conditions were stressful to the animals; Vitamins (Vit C and BFPM) significantly (P<0.05) reduced rectal temperature, heart rate and triglycerides compared to other treatments. The buffers recorded significantly (P<0.05) high feed intake, calcium and thyroxine. It was concluded that ameliorating heat stress with the antioxidants were helpful to improve the performance of rabbits and was recommended to be included in rabbit diets during the hot period.
{"title":"Physiological performance of heat stressed growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with vitamin anti-oxidants and bicarbonate buffers","authors":"K. Anoh, D. Ayuba, P. O. Ozung, M. A. Udayi","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17382","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiological performance of heat stressed growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with vitamin anti-oxidants and bicarbonate buffers. A total of thirty (30) growing rabbits (New Zealand White crosses) of two months old were used in this study. There were six (6) rabbits per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment groups consisted of: control, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and potassium bicarbonate, (KHNO3) solution respectively, Vitamin C, and baobab fruit pulp meal (BFPM) as supplements, respectively. The experiment lasted for 9 weeks. Five milliliters of blood were collected from five rabbits (through the ear vein) chosen randomly from each group of rabbits, respectively at the beginning and the end of the experiment for serum metabolite and thyroxine hormone evaluation. Physiological performance of the rabbits was also evaluated. It was found that environmental conditions were stressful to the animals; Vitamins (Vit C and BFPM) significantly (P<0.05) reduced rectal temperature, heart rate and triglycerides compared to other treatments. The buffers recorded significantly (P<0.05) high feed intake, calcium and thyroxine. It was concluded that ameliorating heat stress with the antioxidants were helpful to improve the performance of rabbits and was recommended to be included in rabbit diets during the hot period.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45401992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was done to get information on the chemical composition and the internal structure of the plant which could aid in its further characterization. The study is aimed at determining the epidermal leaf anatomy, HPLC of the hot water extract, chemical constituents of the oil from the leaves by GC-MS and chemo-microscopic properties of Croton zambesicus for proper identification of the plant. The leaf epidermal microscopy of C. zambesicus showed abundant trichome on the abaxial surface arising from a multi-cellular base and radiating radially and paracytic stomata were observed on the lower surface of the leaf. Chemo-microscopic analysis of the leaves showed the presence of cellulose, lignin, starch, oxalate crystals, tannin, oils, proteins and absence of mucilage. The physicochemical parameters evaluated on the leaves had moisture content of 4.10% and total ash value of 11.91%. HPLC analysis of the hot water extract revealed 12 peaks with number 3 having the highest peak of 93 mAU at 3.5 min. The GC-MS analysis of the oil of the leaves had 57 components. Caryophyllene had the highest percentage composition (15.53%) followed by Copaene (11.38%), Phellandrene (8.65%), 1,6-Octadien-3ol, 3,7-dimethyl (4.67%), Humulene (3.94%), Pinene (3.85%) and Ar-tumerone (3.41%).
{"title":"Leaf microscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of Croton zambesicus Mll.-Arg. leaf (Family: Euphorbiaceae) \u0000in Nigeria","authors":"G. Ugbabe, J. D. Dalyop","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17411","url":null,"abstract":"This study was done to get information on the chemical composition and the internal structure of the plant which could aid in its further characterization. The study is aimed at determining the epidermal leaf anatomy, HPLC of the hot water extract, chemical constituents of the oil from the leaves by GC-MS and chemo-microscopic properties of Croton zambesicus for proper identification of the plant. The leaf epidermal microscopy of C. zambesicus showed abundant trichome on the abaxial surface arising from a multi-cellular base and radiating radially and paracytic stomata were observed on the lower surface of the leaf. Chemo-microscopic analysis of the leaves showed the presence of cellulose, lignin, starch, oxalate crystals, tannin, oils, proteins and absence of mucilage. The physicochemical parameters evaluated on the leaves had moisture content of 4.10% and total ash value of 11.91%. HPLC analysis of the hot water extract revealed 12 peaks with number 3 having the highest peak of 93 mAU at 3.5 min. The GC-MS analysis of the oil of the leaves had 57 components. Caryophyllene had the highest percentage composition (15.53%) followed by Copaene (11.38%), Phellandrene (8.65%), 1,6-Octadien-3ol, 3,7-dimethyl (4.67%), Humulene (3.94%), Pinene (3.85%) and Ar-tumerone (3.41%).","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48951918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wilfrid Djengue Hihoto, Adjatin Arlette, D. Rock, Bonou-gbo Zaki, Tiburce Odjo Codjo, Com Koukpo Zinsou, Jacques Fassinou Arsène, Tiko Gérard, Ahissou Hyacinthe, Dansi Alexandre
1 Laboratory of Biotechnology, Genetic Resources and Improvement of Animal and Plant Species (BIORAVE), Superior National Schooll of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology (ENSBBA), National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), BP 14, Dassa-Zoumè, Benin. 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Food and Medicinal Formulations, Superior National Schooll of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology (ENSBBA), National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), BP 14, Dassa-Zoumè, Benin. 3 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Bioactive Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 04 BP 0320, Cotonou, Benin. 4 Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), P. O. Box 526 Cotonou, Benin. 5 Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), P. O. Box 526 Cotonou, Benin.
1 .贝宁国立科学技术工程与数学大学国立应用生物科学与生物技术高等学院生物技术、遗传资源与动植物物种改良实验室(BIORAVE)， BP 14, Dassa-Zoumè。2 .贝宁国立科学技术大学国立应用生物科学与生物技术高等学院生物化学、食品与药物配方实验室，贝宁国立科学技术大学生物化学、食品与药物配方实验室，贝宁国立科学技术大学生物化学、食品与药物配方实验室，贝宁国立科学技术大学3 Abomey-Calavi大学(UAC)科学与技术学院生物化学与生物活性天然物质实验室，04 BP 0320，贝宁科托努。4 Abomey-Calavi大学(UAC)科学与技术学院(FAST)，贝宁科托努526号邮编。5 Abomey-Calavi大学(UAC)科学与技术学院(FAST)蛋白质生物化学与酶学实验室，科托努526号邮编。贝宁。
{"title":"Assessment of proximal, mineral composition and content of vitamin A and C of leaves and flowers from Lippia multiflora vegetable in Benin","authors":"Wilfrid Djengue Hihoto, Adjatin Arlette, D. Rock, Bonou-gbo Zaki, Tiburce Odjo Codjo, Com Koukpo Zinsou, Jacques Fassinou Arsène, Tiko Gérard, Ahissou Hyacinthe, Dansi Alexandre","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17414","url":null,"abstract":"1 Laboratory of Biotechnology, Genetic Resources and Improvement of Animal and Plant Species (BIORAVE), Superior National Schooll of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology (ENSBBA), National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), BP 14, Dassa-Zoumè, Benin. 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Food and Medicinal Formulations, Superior National Schooll of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology (ENSBBA), National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), BP 14, Dassa-Zoumè, Benin. 3 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Bioactive Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 04 BP 0320, Cotonou, Benin. 4 Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), P. O. Box 526 Cotonou, Benin. 5 Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), P. O. Box 526 Cotonou, Benin.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48055764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava and Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts against some foodborne pathogens. The leaf samples were collected, rinsed, dried, ground, and then stored. The leaf powder was soaked in ethanol and boiled in distilled water. Then, it was filtered. The antibacterial activity of P. guajava and L. inermis leaf extracts against Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and multidrug resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was studied. Microbial enzymes were examined including Amylase, Protease and Lipase. The results showed that the most effective extract against all the tested microorganisms was Psidium guajava ethanol extract. Similar results were almost detected in L. inermis water extract. Although P. guajava water extract had wider inhibition zone, its effect was limited against E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA. In conclusion, the results obtained provide valuable knowledge for food preservation. There is need for further research to better extract high concentrations of P. guajava and L. inermis extracts.
{"title":"A study of the antimicrobial activity of Psidium guajava L. and Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts against some foodborne pathogens","authors":"T. E. Nagwa, Mohammed Baghdadi Afra","doi":"10.5897/ajb2022.17454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2022.17454","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava and Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts against some foodborne pathogens. The leaf samples were collected, rinsed, dried, ground, and then stored. The leaf powder was soaked in ethanol and boiled in distilled water. Then, it was filtered. The antibacterial activity of P. guajava and L. inermis leaf extracts against Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and multidrug resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was studied. Microbial enzymes were examined including Amylase, Protease and Lipase. The results showed that the most effective extract against all the tested microorganisms was Psidium guajava ethanol extract. Similar results were almost detected in L. inermis water extract. Although P. guajava water extract had wider inhibition zone, its effect was limited against E. coli, S. aureus and MRSA. In conclusion, the results obtained provide valuable knowledge for food preservation. There is need for further research to better extract high concentrations of P. guajava and L. inermis extracts.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43492265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ambassa, Lionel Ulrich Tiani, Ngounoue Marceline Djuidje, Assam Jean Paul Assam, Généviève Andoseh, Thiomo Diane Kamdem, Fossi Cedric Tchinda, Numfor Leonard Nkah, Kamga Hortense Gonsu, C. Kouanfack, Y. Pefura, F. Ntoumi, B. Penlap
Hepatotoxicity is reported frequently as an adverse reaction during tuberculosis (TB) and HIV treatment. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver enzymes activities variation in TB and TB-HIV co-infected patients at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé-Cameroon. From April 2018 to May 2019, 336 treatment-naïve TB patients were enrolled. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and total bilirubin were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment initiation. Blood was spotted on filter paper for DNA extraction by the chelex method. Standard nested PCR followed by restriction enzyme analysis with KpnI, TaqI, and BamHI to detect NAT2 polymorphisms was performed. TB-HIV co-infection prevalence was 29.46%. There was a significant rise of transaminases (p < 0.05) at baseline in TB-HIV co-infected patients. At 12 weeks, there was a substantial rise of transaminases in TB patients, and total bilirubin in TB-HIV co-infected patients (p < 0.05). The prevalence of slow and fast acetylators was 85.71 and 14.29%, respectively. NAT2*5/5 and NAT2*5/6 genotypes were most represented. Slow acetylating NAT2 phenotype was significantly associated with drug hepatotoxicity (p < 0.05). The prevalence of TB-HIV co-infections remains high, and the rise in transaminases is linked to the slow acetylating NAT2 phenotype. samples successively over three days after microscopic parallel, blood and strict The separated by centrifugation 3000 (g) 5 aliquots done, at -20°C for subsequent analyses. Anti-HIV antibodies were determined using the blood by immuno- chromatography using ALERE Determine, and all positive cases were confirmed using Oraquick. An aliquot of the serum was then used to determine the serum enzymes activities of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) by kinetic method, and the total bilirubin using colorimetric method. The kinetic method for determining ALT and AST was based on the recommended International Federation of Chemistry (IFCC). Hepatotoxicity was defined as elevated aminotransferase levels and identified as three times higher than normal before initiating TB treatment, with associated symptoms considered jaundice, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and asthenia. The reference values adopted were AST 37 UI/mL and ALT 40 UI/mL, ALP 92 UI/mL and total bilirubin
{"title":"Liver enzyme evaluation and NAT2 polymorphism in patients on anti-tuberculosis and antiretroviral drugs at Jamot Hospital in Yaound-Cameroon","authors":"A. Ambassa, Lionel Ulrich Tiani, Ngounoue Marceline Djuidje, Assam Jean Paul Assam, Généviève Andoseh, Thiomo Diane Kamdem, Fossi Cedric Tchinda, Numfor Leonard Nkah, Kamga Hortense Gonsu, C. Kouanfack, Y. Pefura, F. Ntoumi, B. Penlap","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17436","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatotoxicity is reported frequently as an adverse reaction during tuberculosis (TB) and HIV treatment. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver enzymes activities variation in TB and TB-HIV co-infected patients at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé-Cameroon. From April 2018 to May 2019, 336 treatment-naïve TB patients were enrolled. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP) and total bilirubin were evaluated at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment initiation. Blood was spotted on filter paper for DNA extraction by the chelex method. Standard nested PCR followed by restriction enzyme analysis with KpnI, TaqI, and BamHI to detect NAT2 polymorphisms was performed. TB-HIV co-infection prevalence was 29.46%. There was a significant rise of transaminases (p < 0.05) at baseline in TB-HIV co-infected patients. At 12 weeks, there was a substantial rise of transaminases in TB patients, and total bilirubin in TB-HIV co-infected patients (p < 0.05). The prevalence of slow and fast acetylators was 85.71 and 14.29%, respectively. NAT2*5/5 and NAT2*5/6 genotypes were most represented. Slow acetylating NAT2 phenotype was significantly associated with drug hepatotoxicity (p < 0.05). The prevalence of TB-HIV co-infections remains high, and the rise in transaminases is linked to the slow acetylating NAT2 phenotype. samples successively over three days after microscopic parallel, blood and strict The separated by centrifugation 3000 (g) 5 aliquots done, at -20°C for subsequent analyses. Anti-HIV antibodies were determined using the blood by immuno- chromatography using ALERE Determine, and all positive cases were confirmed using Oraquick. An aliquot of the serum was then used to determine the serum enzymes activities of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) by kinetic method, and the total bilirubin using colorimetric method. The kinetic method for determining ALT and AST was based on the recommended International Federation of Chemistry (IFCC). Hepatotoxicity was defined as elevated aminotransferase levels and identified as three times higher than normal before initiating TB treatment, with associated symptoms considered jaundice, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and asthenia. The reference values adopted were AST 37 UI/mL and ALT 40 UI/mL, ALP 92 UI/mL and total bilirubin","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46669652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. N. Anyiam, C. Nwuke, G. C. Adimuko, Chinaza Nwamadi, E. Salvador, Grace Folake Ajibade, Elizabeth Chinomso Maxwell
1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, C.P, 257, Maputo, Mozambique. 2 Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. 3 Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Applied Food Sciences and Tourism, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.
{"title":"Inclusion of African winged termites (Macrotermes nigeriensis) improves the nutrients and quality of fermented cassava mahewu","authors":"P. N. Anyiam, C. Nwuke, G. C. Adimuko, Chinaza Nwamadi, E. Salvador, Grace Folake Ajibade, Elizabeth Chinomso Maxwell","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17444","url":null,"abstract":"1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, C.P, 257, Maputo, Mozambique. 2 Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Science, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. 3 Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Applied Food Sciences and Tourism, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45614946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are organisms that can establish symbioses with 80% of terrestrial plants. Soils were collected in three agroecological zones (AEZ) of the Central African Republic (CAR). The aim of this research is to study the diversity of AMF in the CAR. The spore extraction and enumeration, granulometric and physicochemical analyses of each soil were performed. The results showed that AEZ3 has a large number of spores; it is therefore the densest followed by AEZ2 and AEZ1. The particle size analysis showed that AEZ1 and 2 have a sandy-clay texture and AEZ3 is sandy-silty. The average water pH of the three surveyed areas is 5.13. The organic matter content is low. The total nitrogen content of the soils varies from one area to another. The C/N ratio of the studied soils varies from 9.65 to 15.5 with an average of 13.8. The total phosphorus content is lower than the norm. The best calcium content is obtained in AEZ3 followed by AEZ1. Magnesium, sodium, the sum of exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were below the critical thresholds.
{"title":"Diversity of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the three agroecological zones of the Central African Republic","authors":"Djamndo Djasbe Mathurin, Dieu Béni Elian Hubert, Abdoulaye Diop Tahir, O. Dénis","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17346","url":null,"abstract":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are organisms that can establish symbioses with 80% of terrestrial plants. Soils were collected in three agroecological zones (AEZ) of the Central African Republic (CAR). The aim of this research is to study the diversity of AMF in the CAR. The spore extraction and enumeration, granulometric and physicochemical analyses of each soil were performed. The results showed that AEZ3 has a large number of spores; it is therefore the densest followed by AEZ2 and AEZ1. The particle size analysis showed that AEZ1 and 2 have a sandy-clay texture and AEZ3 is sandy-silty. The average water pH of the three surveyed areas is 5.13. The organic matter content is low. The total nitrogen content of the soils varies from one area to another. The C/N ratio of the studied soils varies from 9.65 to 15.5 with an average of 13.8. The total phosphorus content is lower than the norm. The best calcium content is obtained in AEZ3 followed by AEZ1. Magnesium, sodium, the sum of exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were below the critical thresholds.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46899529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bapurao Choushette Bhaurao, A. Rajendra, Laxmikant Solunke Sarita
Multiple antibiotic resistance is a major cause of clinical infections worldwide. This study determined the pattern of multidrug bacterial resistance in hospital sewage samples from the Marathwada region of India. Forty-eight isolates of bacteria were obtained from 6 locations of Aurangabad. An antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Among all the antibiotics tested, the highest level of resistance was observed in the beta lactam class (85%), followed by Tetracycline (58%), Cephalosporin (58%), quinolones (52%) and gentamycin (45%). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most prevalent bacteria, showing antibiotic resistance to all tested antibiotics with a MAR index of 1. It is concluded that hospital sewage water could be a reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria, which may further contaminate drinking water bodies, potentially presenting a public health risk to the general populace.
{"title":"Isolation and characterization of multidrug resistance bacteria from hospital sewage samples, Maharashtra, India","authors":"Bapurao Choushette Bhaurao, A. Rajendra, Laxmikant Solunke Sarita","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17394","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple antibiotic resistance is a major cause of clinical infections worldwide. This study determined the pattern of multidrug bacterial resistance in hospital sewage samples from the Marathwada region of India. Forty-eight isolates of bacteria were obtained from 6 locations of Aurangabad. An antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out using the disc diffusion method. Among all the antibiotics tested, the highest level of resistance was observed in the beta lactam class (85%), followed by Tetracycline (58%), Cephalosporin (58%), quinolones (52%) and gentamycin (45%). Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most prevalent bacteria, showing antibiotic resistance to all tested antibiotics with a MAR index of 1. It is concluded that hospital sewage water could be a reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria, which may further contaminate drinking water bodies, potentially presenting a public health risk to the general populace.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41403240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Yuan-chang, Li Yu-feng, H. Liang, Zhou Jia-jun, Zhang Xue-fang, M. Ran, Lu Meng-lin, Hao Mei-lin, Zeng Gang, Zeng Bo-ping
A new effective splice variants typing based on multiplex allele-specific dual-primer RT-PCR assay was developed in a single tube for the rapid detection of the exon 7 splice variant of the BF gene. With 2 pairs of primers, one pair was used for amplifying cDNA fragments containing exon 7 of the BF gene, the other does not contain exon 7 of the BF gene. The templates were amplified in one tube and the type of splice variants was determined by the length of products to be extended and by analysis of nucleotide sequences of these BFs. Results obtained for all samples showed 100% accuracy compared to those obtained with a semi-nested PCR (snPCR) assay of 100% accuracy, but which need two round PCR assay. The dual-primer RT-PCR assay was more rapid and easy to operate than the snPCR assay.
{"title":"Rapid single-tube splice variants typing of the BF gene based on dual-primer RT-PCR amplification that influence resistance/susceptibility to Mareks disease in chicken","authors":"Jin Yuan-chang, Li Yu-feng, H. Liang, Zhou Jia-jun, Zhang Xue-fang, M. Ran, Lu Meng-lin, Hao Mei-lin, Zeng Gang, Zeng Bo-ping","doi":"10.5897/ajb2021.17421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2021.17421","url":null,"abstract":"A new effective splice variants typing based on multiplex allele-specific dual-primer RT-PCR assay was developed in a single tube for the rapid detection of the exon 7 splice variant of the BF gene. With 2 pairs of primers, one pair was used for amplifying cDNA fragments containing exon 7 of the BF gene, the other does not contain exon 7 of the BF gene. The templates were amplified in one tube and the type of splice variants was determined by the length of products to be extended and by analysis of nucleotide sequences of these BFs. Results obtained for all samples showed 100% accuracy compared to those obtained with a semi-nested PCR (snPCR) assay of 100% accuracy, but which need two round PCR assay. The dual-primer RT-PCR assay was more rapid and easy to operate than the snPCR assay.","PeriodicalId":7414,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41873603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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