Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia)最新文献

Tissue reactions to the grafting of samples ofcomposite hydrogel based on polyacrylamide andcellulose of different origin (plant and bacterial)were studied in 48 laboratory outbred rats and 24rabbits of chinchilla breed. The observations werecarried out on Days 5, 14, 45 and 90 afterplacement of implants in the muscle, joint cavity,deep defects of the articular cartilage andsubchondral bone. The study has revealed nomigration and degradation of the samples. On Day90, the signs of their biointegration (regardless oftheir nature) were detected in the muscles and inone case (the sample containing bacterialcellulose) in the cavity of the knee joint of the rat.The materials had good biocompatibility withmuscle, cartilage and bone tissues, did not causeperifocal inflammation and effectively functioned asa prosthetic articular cartilage until the end of thestudy period.

This paper analyzes the characteristics of thestructure of the hair follicles (HF) at various stagesof the cycle of hair growth. The study wasconducted on autopsy material of the scalp inwomen of middle age. The morphologicaldescription of the anagen, catagen and telogenHFs is illustrated with the photomicrographs ofhistological sections of HFs in different planes andsupplemented by the appropriate schemes.

A large variety of anatomic variants of liverpositions and shapes results in a significantvariability of the data of its linear dimensiondetermination, which may be the reason formisinterpretation of the information regarding thesize of the organ as a whole and of its individualsegments, in particular. In this work the analysiswas performed of the linear dimensions of the liver,its right and the left lobes measured during spiralcomputed tomography (SCT), taking into accountthe anatomic variability of the position of the organ,in 193 individuals of both sexes of juvenile and firstperiod of mature age without pathology of the liverand cardiovascular system. Besides thetraditionally distinguished variants of the position ofthe organ in the abdominal cavity, in part of theindividuals examined the combined displacementof the organ relative to the sagittal and frontalplanes was noted. It was demonstrated that incombined displacement of the liver in two planes,linear parameters of this organ were extremelychangeable and approached the extreme variantsof the anatomic variability. The dependence oftraditionally measured linear parameters of theliver from the anatomic variant of organ position inthe abdominal cavity was studied. The dataobtained suggest that the interpretation of SCTresults without consideration of the anatomicvariant of organ position may lead to erroneousjudgments about the size of the liver and itsindividual parts.

The retina was studied in albino laboratory male rats of two age groups (12 and 24 months), 10 animals in each subjected to chronic combined stress. The stress was caused in animals by simultaneous exposure to pulsed light, loud sound, swinging and restriction of mobility for 7 days, 30 mm daily. The retina of intact rats of the corresponding age groups (n = 20) served as control. Enucleated eyes of stressed and control animals were processed with standard histological technique and stained with Nissl's method and hematoxylin-eosin. The retina of the stressed animals of both age groups showed the decrease in the number of cells and the disarrangement of its layers, most pronounced in the layers of photoreceptor neurons and ganglion cells. The comparative morphometric analysis demonstrated a reduction of the layer thickness and cell numerical density in the retina of stressed animals, both young (12 months) and old (24 months), as compared to that of control animals.

The effect of Hydra peptide morphogen (HPM) on quantitative histochemical and morphometric parameters of the thyroid gland (TG) was studied. The experiments were conducted on 40 outbred albino male mice weighing 20-25 g, which were injected intraperitoneally with HPM at the dose of 100 μg/kg of body weight per day for 5 days. Relative volumes occupied by the epithelium (E), including its follicular (E(f)), interfollicular (E(i)) components, and colloid (C) were determined using stereological method on TG transverse sections. E(f)/E(i) and E/C ratios were calculated as the indices of follicular organization and TG activity, respectively. Mitotic activity of thyrocytes was also evaluated. The enzymes, characterizing the metabolic activity of thyrocytes: NADH-diaphorase, succinate- and lactate dehydrogenases were demonstrated on cryostat sections of material, frozen in liquid nitrogen and their activity was assessed cytophotometrically. The results demonstrated that HPM administration lead to a significant increase in relative volume of thyroid epithelium with a concomitant reduction of the volume of the colloid. E(f)/E(i) ratio was not significantly different from that in the control. HPM also induced a significant increase of thyrocyte proliferation rate and of the activity of enzymes studied. Collectively, the quantitative histoenzymological and morphometric data obtained indicate the stimulating effect of HPM on TG functional activity and thyrocyte proliferation.

Biopsy specimens of the thymus were studied in children aged under 11 months (n = 77) with congenital heart defects and circulatory hypoxia of varying severity. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Shubich's method (to demonstrate mast cells). The expression of Ki-67, CD3 and CD34 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The ultrastructure of thymic tissues was also examined. It was found that the severity of hypoxia determined the morphological changes in the organ associated with a development of large complex of tissue reactions. A disruption of internal structure and a loss of integrity of epithelio-reticular cells and thymocytes were demonstrated in ultrathin sections. Thymocyte proliferation index (Ki-67) and thymocytopoiesis intensity (CD3+) were reduced in all the zones of the thymus. The degree of hypoxia affected the redistribution of CD3+ lymphocytes leading to their accumulation in the medulla. The processes of endogenous regeneration took place which involved the cells of fibroblastic line and progenitor cells (CD34+) together with active formation of new blood vessels. These findings suggest that the morphological changes identified in the tissues of the thymus are a manifestation of tissue adaptation to hypoxia of varying severity under conditions of endogenous regeneration, simultaneously reflecting the processes of substitution cytogenesis.

On serial histological sections of the testes, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, using a morphometric device, the total numbers of spermatogenic cells and sustentocytes (Sertoli cells) were measured in the convoluted seminiferous tubules of neonatal rat pups. Experimental groups consisted of rats born from females with experimental liver damage of various origins--autoimmune (n = 33), toxic (n = 32), alcoholic (n = 12), and medicinal (n = 27). The control group included pups born from normal female rats (n = 14). In experimental rats both increase and decrease of the total number of sustentocytes was detected. In the animals of most of the experimental groups, sustentocyte cell index reflecting the ratio of the number of spermatogenic cells and sustentocytes, was decreased.

The peculiarities of localization and distribution of cortico-thalamic efferents of different somatotopical representations of primary motor (MI) and sensory (SI) cortex were studied in cat brain. MI efferent fibers (4y, 6ab areas) preferentially projected to ventral posterolateral and medial (VPL, VPM), ventrolateral (VL), and reticular (R) nuclei, localized in rostral part of the thalamus (T), as opposed to SI (areas 1, 2, 3a, 3b), which projected preferentially to caudal part of T, VPL, VPM and R nuclei. Latero-medial organization of cortico-thalamic connections was demonstrated, with predominant localization of cortical representation of hindlimbs in the lateral part of VPL, of forelimbs--in the medial part of VPL, of face and head--also in VM and VPM. Quantitative analysis of the distribution of corticothalamic efferents of different somatotopical representations of MI has demonstrated the most extensive, massive connections with T nuclei (VPL, VL, R) of the motor representation of forelimb, followed by the representation of hindlimb, trunk and, finally, the minimal projection of the representation of face and head. As opposed to motor representation of the forelimb and also of the face and head, with uniform distribution of fibers in VPL, VL and R, the number of efferents of motor representation of hindlimb, passing in VL, was almost 2.5 time lower than in VPL and R, whereas the representation of trunk had the predominant projection to VL. Dominant cortico-thalamic connection suggests greater involvement of T nuclei studied in the realization of functional specialization of certain somatotopical representations of MI.

The aim of this work was an immunohistochemicalstudy of the expression of neuronal and glialproteins, and of gap junctions proteins (connexin36, connexin 43) in ventral posteromedial (VPMN),ventral posterolateral (VPLN) and reticular (RТN)nuclei of the thalamus in rats. It was found thatVPMN and VPLN of the thalamus werecharacterized by a homogeneous distribution ofsynaptophysin, grouped arrangement ofastrocytes, horizontal orientation of somatostatincontainingmyelinated and unmyelinated nervefibers, forming the bundles, and running throughthe barreloid septum, expression of connexin 36and 43 as well as of parvalbumin revealingbarreloids in 4 μm-thick sections. In RTN thecontent of myelin basic protein, neurofilaments,parvalbumin, and somatostatin was increased,while the amount of glial fibrillary acidic protein andconnexin 43 was moderate, and synaptophysinand connexin 36 were absent.