A. Iakimov, Eugeniya G. Dmitrieva, A. A. Gaponov, A. G. Sukhorosova
BACKGROUND: Anatomical investigations of atrial blood vessels are limited. Knowledge of the anatomical variants of the sinoatrial node artery is important to enhance cardiac surgery and elucidate the pathogenesis of supraventricular arrhythmias. AIM: To explore and clarify the number, variants, location, and course of sinoatrial node arteries in the heart of middle-aged and older individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 62 formalin-fixed hearts of humans who died from noncardiac causes, the sinoatrial node arteries were dissected and measured using an electronic caliper. Histologically, the location of the artery into the sinoatrial node was clarified through hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining. RESULTS: The number of sinoatrial node arteries varied from 1 (86.6%) to 3 (1.7%). Commonly, sinoatrial node arteries arose from the right coronary artery (66.7%) between the aortic root and right atrial appendage or from the proximal part of the left circumflex artery (28.3%). Rarely, sinoatrial node arteries originated from the orifice of the right coronary artery, from the left coronary artery bifurcation, and on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart from the distal parts of the right coronary artery or left circumflex artery. Sinoatrial node arteries appeared to have subepicardial and intramyocardial components. The sinoatrial node artery that originated from the right coronary artery traveled mainly subepicardially; however, the sinoatrial node artery from the left coronary artery showed a predominantly intramyocardial course. The diameter of the sinoatrial node artery that originated from the right coronary artery varied from 0.7 to 2.8 mm and that from the left coronary artery system varied from 1.1 to 2.5 mm (median, 1.7 mm; p=0.96). The right coronary artery and sinoatrial node artery that branched from that formed a correlation pair in diameter values (Rs=0 .44; р=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The sinoatrial node artery has common and rare variants, which differ in the number, origin, and topography of the artery.
{"title":"Anatomical observation of the sinoatrial node artery of the cardiac conduction system in adult humans","authors":"A. Iakimov, Eugeniya G. Dmitrieva, A. A. Gaponov, A. G. Sukhorosova","doi":"10.17816/morph.529672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.529672","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Anatomical investigations of atrial blood vessels are limited. Knowledge of the anatomical variants of the sinoatrial node artery is important to enhance cardiac surgery and elucidate the pathogenesis of supraventricular arrhythmias. \u0000AIM: To explore and clarify the number, variants, location, and course of sinoatrial node arteries in the heart of middle-aged and older individuals. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 62 formalin-fixed hearts of humans who died from noncardiac causes, the sinoatrial node arteries were dissected and measured using an electronic caliper. Histologically, the location of the artery into the sinoatrial node was clarified through hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining. \u0000RESULTS: The number of sinoatrial node arteries varied from 1 (86.6%) to 3 (1.7%). Commonly, sinoatrial node arteries arose from the right coronary artery (66.7%) between the aortic root and right atrial appendage or from the proximal part of the left circumflex artery (28.3%). Rarely, sinoatrial node arteries originated from the orifice of the right coronary artery, from the left coronary artery bifurcation, and on the diaphragmatic surface of the heart from the distal parts of the right coronary artery or left circumflex artery. Sinoatrial node arteries appeared to have subepicardial and intramyocardial components. The sinoatrial node artery that originated from the right coronary artery traveled mainly subepicardially; however, the sinoatrial node artery from the left coronary artery showed a predominantly intramyocardial course. The diameter of the sinoatrial node artery that originated from the right coronary artery varied from 0.7 to 2.8 mm and that from the left coronary artery system varied from 1.1 to 2.5 mm (median, 1.7 mm; p=0.96). The right coronary artery and sinoatrial node artery that branched from that formed a correlation pair in diameter values (Rs=0 .44; р=0.005). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The sinoatrial node artery has common and rare variants, which differ in the number, origin, and topography of the artery.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82945844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1007/s11525-023-09416-5
Claudia Marzi, Vito Pirrelli
{"title":"Integrative views of representations and processes in morphology: an introduction","authors":"Claudia Marzi, Vito Pirrelli","doi":"10.1007/s11525-023-09416-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-023-09416-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75165698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND. The relevance of the work is due to the importance of the problem of regeneration of organ tissues (myocardium, liver and brain) for fundamental science and practical medicine. The purpose of the work is to summarize many years of personal experience in studying the regeneration of pathologically altered vital organs in mammalian fetuses in the natural conditions of a living organism. Material and research methods. Rabbit fetuses were subjected to mechanical injury to the heart and brain, and rat fetuses were subjected to similar liver damage. The work was carried out with a number of classical and modern methods (histological, morphometric, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical). Research results. As a result of healing of mechanical trauma in the heart of rabbit fetuses, a complete restoration of the dead area was obtained. In the liver of fetal rats, the organ was not completely restored, there was only a decrease in the area of fibrosis that arose at the site of the dead tissue, compared with the control. The difference in the outcomes of the healing of injury to the heart and liver, the authors explain by the absence of an exudative reaction to injury in the heart of rabbit fetuses, while in rat fetuses this reaction took place at the time of injury. Conclusion. The results obtained give reason to believe that the vital organs of mammalian fetuses have high regenerative potencies.
{"title":"Regeneration of vital organs of mammals in fetal period","authors":"O. V. Alpidovskaya","doi":"10.17816/morph.321706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.321706","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND. The relevance of the work is due to the importance of the problem of regeneration of organ tissues (myocardium, liver and brain) for fundamental science and practical medicine. The purpose of the work is to summarize many years of personal experience in studying the regeneration of pathologically altered vital organs in mammalian fetuses in the natural conditions of a living organism. Material and research methods. Rabbit fetuses were subjected to mechanical injury to the heart and brain, and rat fetuses were subjected to similar liver damage. The work was carried out with a number of classical and modern methods (histological, morphometric, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical). Research results. As a result of healing of mechanical trauma in the heart of rabbit fetuses, a complete restoration of the dead area was obtained. In the liver of fetal rats, the organ was not completely restored, there was only a decrease in the area of fibrosis that arose at the site of the dead tissue, compared with the control. The difference in the outcomes of the healing of injury to the heart and liver, the authors explain by the absence of an exudative reaction to injury in the heart of rabbit fetuses, while in rat fetuses this reaction took place at the time of injury. Conclusion. The results obtained give reason to believe that the vital organs of mammalian fetuses have high regenerative potencies.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74441337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Zharikov, R. Maslennikov, A. N. Gadzhiakhmedova, T. Zharikova, Aliya M. Aliyeva, V. Nikolenko, V. Ivashkin
Background: Portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver diseases causes a number of complications that lead to significant mortality of patients. In this regard, the most urgent issue is the study of prognostic factors of the development of PG, one of which is the constitutional features of the organism (somatotypes). Aim: To assess the importance of constitutional features of the body in the development of portal hypertension. Material and methods: 46 patients with the established diagnosis of "Cirrhosis of the liver" who were treated at the University Clinical Hospital No.2 Sechenov University. Calculation of endo- (ENDO) and mesomorphy (MESO) scores, as well as assessment of the somatotype by Hit-Carter and visualization of data on the somatogram were carried out using the ABC-01 "Medass" software (STC Medass, Russia). Diagnosis of PG was carried out using ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space. Results: The diameter (D) of the splenic vein 7 mm was in 17/18 men and 23/28 women. Portal vein D 13 mm was in 8/18 men and 12/28 women. Mesoendomorphic somatotype was the most common among the examined women, and endomesomorphic among men. More than half (n=9, 52.9%) of men with splenic vein D were more than normal related to the endomesomorphic somatotype, while the predominant part of women (n=18, 78.3%) were mesoendomorphic. Similar results were obtained in the study of patients with portal vein D more than normal: endomesomorphic somatotype prevailed among men (n=5, 62.5%), mesoendomorphic among women (n=10, 83.3%). An average positive statistically significant correlation was found between portal vein D (mm) and endomorphy score (r = 0.30593, p-value = 0.03867). Conclusion: Portal hypertension is caused by the constitutional features of the body. People with a pronounced endomorphic component may have a tendency to develop cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension. Prevention of this disease can be achieved by reducing the level of adipose tissue, increasing muscle mass and adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
{"title":"Somatotype and portal hypertension: the role of the constitution in clinical practice","authors":"Y. Zharikov, R. Maslennikov, A. N. Gadzhiakhmedova, T. Zharikova, Aliya M. Aliyeva, V. Nikolenko, V. Ivashkin","doi":"10.17816/morph.431613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.431613","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Portal hypertension in patients with chronic liver diseases causes a number of complications that lead to significant mortality of patients. In this regard, the most urgent issue is the study of prognostic factors of the development of PG, one of which is the constitutional features of the organism (somatotypes). \u0000Aim: To assess the importance of constitutional features of the body in the development of portal hypertension. \u0000Material and methods: 46 patients with the established diagnosis of \"Cirrhosis of the liver\" who were treated at the University Clinical Hospital No.2 Sechenov University. Calculation of endo- (ENDO) and mesomorphy (MESO) scores, as well as assessment of the somatotype by Hit-Carter and visualization of data on the somatogram were carried out using the ABC-01 \"Medass\" software (STC Medass, Russia). Diagnosis of PG was carried out using ultrasound examination (ultrasound) of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space. \u0000Results: The diameter (D) of the splenic vein 7 mm was in 17/18 men and 23/28 women. Portal vein D 13 mm was in 8/18 men and 12/28 women. Mesoendomorphic somatotype was the most common among the examined women, and endomesomorphic among men. More than half (n=9, 52.9%) of men with splenic vein D were more than normal related to the endomesomorphic somatotype, while the predominant part of women (n=18, 78.3%) were mesoendomorphic. Similar results were obtained in the study of patients with portal vein D more than normal: endomesomorphic somatotype prevailed among men (n=5, 62.5%), mesoendomorphic among women (n=10, 83.3%). An average positive statistically significant correlation was found between portal vein D (mm) and endomorphy score (r = 0.30593, p-value = 0.03867). \u0000Conclusion: Portal hypertension is caused by the constitutional features of the body. People with a pronounced endomorphic component may have a tendency to develop cirrhosis of the liver and portal hypertension. Prevention of this disease can be achieved by reducing the level of adipose tissue, increasing muscle mass and adherence to a healthy lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85790634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The adopted strategy of development of amateur and professional sports in the Russian Federation reveals the possibilities of forming a health-saving and safe environment in this sphere. A predisposing background for retraumatism, post-traumatic musculoskeletal diseases and disability is connective tissue failure. The variety and polysystem clinical manifestations of this pathology mask this disease and make it difficult to identify it in time. AIM: To identify pathognomonic morphometric determinants of high injury risk to introduce a mandatory principle of their accounting in examining persons engaged in physical culture and sports. METHODS: In the period from October 2018 to March 2023, on the basis of Sechenov University and the European Osteopathic Clinical Center, a clinicо-somatometric examination of 117 people with recurrent musculoskeletal injuries was carried out with the connective tissue assessment according to the Kadurina T.I. and Abbakumova L.N. tables. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and MedCalc 11.5.00 (Medcalc Software, Oostende). RESULTS: Persons with recurrent musculoskeletal injuries were shown to be characterized by a significantly greater accumulation of dysplastic features in comparison with the control group. The universal, sex-and age-specific pathognomonic morphometric determinants of a high injury risk were determined. Thus, in women, these are asthenic build type, joint hypermobility, soft auricles, hyperelastic skin, atrophic striae, telangiectasia and varicose veins of the lower extremities. In men - chest deformities, arachnodactyly, dolichostenomelia, flat-valgus feet and abdominal muscle diastasis. In the ontogenesis, there was a significant modification and accumulation of dysplastic stigmas. Of particular diagnostic value are universal, gender- and age-independent, morphometric predictors of a high injury risk which include gothic palate, kyphoscoliosis, temporomandibular joint crunching during movements, O- or X-shaped legs, and moderate or high myopia. CONCLUSION: Biomedical support of sports activities should include mandatory screening of the connective tissue state. Timely express-diagnostics of the established pathognomonic morphometric determinants of a high risk of injury will contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries, post-traumatic diseases and disability, which is of particular importance for the safety of physical training and sports and preserving public health.
{"title":"Supporting morphometric determinants \u0000as a basis for the safety of physical culture and sports","authors":"M. Sankova, V. Nikolenko, L. Gridin","doi":"10.17816/morph.472062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.472062","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The adopted strategy of development of amateur and professional sports in the Russian Federation reveals the possibilities of forming a health-saving and safe environment in this sphere. A predisposing background for retraumatism, post-traumatic musculoskeletal diseases and disability is connective tissue failure. The variety and polysystem clinical manifestations of this pathology mask this disease and make it difficult to identify it in time. \u0000AIM: To identify pathognomonic morphometric determinants of high injury risk to introduce a mandatory principle of their accounting in examining persons engaged in physical culture and sports. \u0000METHODS: In the period from October 2018 to March 2023, on the basis of Sechenov University and the European Osteopathic Clinical Center, a clinicо-somatometric examination of 117 people with recurrent musculoskeletal injuries was carried out with the connective tissue assessment according to the Kadurina T.I. and Abbakumova L.N. tables. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and MedCalc 11.5.00 (Medcalc Software, Oostende). \u0000RESULTS: Persons with recurrent musculoskeletal injuries were shown to be characterized by a significantly greater accumulation of dysplastic features in comparison with the control group. The universal, sex-and age-specific pathognomonic morphometric determinants of a high injury risk were determined. Thus, in women, these are asthenic build type, joint hypermobility, soft auricles, hyperelastic skin, atrophic striae, telangiectasia and varicose veins of the lower extremities. In men - chest deformities, arachnodactyly, dolichostenomelia, flat-valgus feet and abdominal muscle diastasis. In the ontogenesis, there was a significant modification and accumulation of dysplastic stigmas. Of particular diagnostic value are universal, gender- and age-independent, morphometric predictors of a high injury risk which include gothic palate, kyphoscoliosis, temporomandibular joint crunching during movements, O- or X-shaped legs, and moderate or high myopia. \u0000CONCLUSION: Biomedical support of sports activities should include mandatory screening of the connective tissue state. Timely express-diagnostics of the established pathognomonic morphometric determinants of a high risk of injury will contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries, post-traumatic diseases and disability, which is of particular importance for the safety of physical training and sports and preserving public health.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86021253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.1007/s11525-023-09414-7
Matteo Pellegrini
{"title":"Flexemes in theory and in practice","authors":"Matteo Pellegrini","doi":"10.1007/s11525-023-09414-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-023-09414-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73035167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1007/s11525-023-09413-8
Robert Englebretson, M. Holbrook, R. Treiman, S. Fischer-Baum
{"title":"The primacy of morphology in English braille spelling: an analysis of bridging contractions","authors":"Robert Englebretson, M. Holbrook, R. Treiman, S. Fischer-Baum","doi":"10.1007/s11525-023-09413-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-023-09413-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77914179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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