Stem cell (SC) therapy is one of the most perspective methods of clinical medicine; SC containing products are actively investigated in clinical trials, while some of them are already officially approved for treatment in many countries worldwide. So quickly developing direction of modern medicine should be properly reflected in educational programs of medical universities, providing basic understanding of SC subtypes, their properties and potential risks. The purpose of this review is to perform comparative analysis of SC types, methods of their procurement and perspectives of their employment. SCs could be divided into groups according to the age of the donor organism. Embryonic SCs are isolated from blastocyst, obtained as a result of extracorporeal fertilization, cloning, semicloning or parthenogenesis (androgenetic and gynogenetic SCs). Fetal SCs could be isolated from embryonic and fetal tissues before the birth or from miscarriages and abortion material (including ectopic pregnancy). Among fetal there is and especial group of perinatal extraembryonic SCs which are obtained from extraembryonic organs (umbilical cord, amnion, placenta) after the birth; among them hematopoietic, mesenchymal, epithelial and decidual cells are distinguished. Adult (somatic, tissue specific) SCs could be isolated from different tissues and organs of adult organism throughout the life; their properties depend on the place of their localization and age of the donor. Additionally, SCs could be created artificially from mature cells by modification of gene expression; they are united in the group of induced pluripotent SCs. Every group of SCs is not homogenous and has its advances and drawbacks, analyzed in this review. Also, application of exosomes produced by stem cells as an alternative of cellular therapy is considered.
{"title":"Comparative characteristics of human stem cells","authors":"O. Pototskaya, K. Shevchenko","doi":"10.17816/morph.110833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110833","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cell (SC) therapy is one of the most perspective methods of clinical medicine; SC containing products are actively investigated in clinical trials, while some of them are already officially approved for treatment in many countries worldwide. So quickly developing direction of modern medicine should be properly reflected in educational programs of medical universities, providing basic understanding of SC subtypes, their properties and potential risks. The purpose of this review is to perform comparative analysis of SC types, methods of their procurement and perspectives of their employment. SCs could be divided into groups according to the age of the donor organism. Embryonic SCs are isolated from blastocyst, obtained as a result of extracorporeal fertilization, cloning, semicloning or parthenogenesis (androgenetic and gynogenetic SCs). Fetal SCs could be isolated from embryonic and fetal tissues before the birth or from miscarriages and abortion material (including ectopic pregnancy). Among fetal there is and especial group of perinatal extraembryonic SCs which are obtained from extraembryonic organs (umbilical cord, amnion, placenta) after the birth; among them hematopoietic, mesenchymal, epithelial and decidual cells are distinguished. Adult (somatic, tissue specific) SCs could be isolated from different tissues and organs of adult organism throughout the life; their properties depend on the place of their localization and age of the donor. Additionally, SCs could be created artificially from mature cells by modification of gene expression; they are united in the group of induced pluripotent SCs. Every group of SCs is not homogenous and has its advances and drawbacks, analyzed in this review. Also, application of exosomes produced by stem cells as an alternative of cellular therapy is considered.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90655699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective to study the valves of the deep dorsal vein of the human penis. Material and methods. The study of deep dorsal vein valves in 150 men was carried out using macroscopic and microscopic methods. The work was performed on autopsy material. 47 trunks of the deep dorsal vein isolated using magnifying optics х3,5 from the coronal sulcus to the prostatic venous plexus and 103 fragments of the vein in cross section directly distal to the supporting ligament were studied. We used histological painting coloring with hematoxylin-eosin, funcionam with fuchsin and Mallory. The obtained images of valves in longitudinal and cross sections were subjected to photoregistration and archiving for further detailed study and analysis. Results. As a rule, the studied vein has one trunk, but in 7,3% of cases it is represented by 2 trunks. Most often there is a division of the main trunk of the vein. Valves of the deep dorsal vein in the longitudinal section are detected in 89% of observations. On the cross-section, the valve in 36% of cases is detected near the supporting ligament. Valves are represented most often by 2 flaps, at the base of which there is a roller associated with the middle shell of the vein wall. The valves of the deep dorsal vein of the penis have the typical appearance of "pocket" type valves and do not prevent the outflow of venous blood from the cavernous bodies, blocking retrograde blood flow. Conclusions. Valves are a constant component of the deep dorsal vein of the human penis. The structure of the valves indicates that they prevent retrograde blood flow to the cavernous bodies, both at rest and during erection.
{"title":"Macro-microscopic examination of the valves of the deep dorsal vein of the human penis","authors":"A. N. Strelkov, А. Астраханцев, С. С.","doi":"10.17816/morph.110839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110839","url":null,"abstract":"Objective to study the valves of the deep dorsal vein of the human penis. \u0000Material and methods. The study of deep dorsal vein valves in 150 men was carried out using macroscopic and microscopic methods. The work was performed on autopsy material. 47 trunks of the deep dorsal vein isolated using magnifying optics х3,5 from the coronal sulcus to the prostatic venous plexus and 103 fragments of the vein in cross section directly distal to the supporting ligament were studied. We used histological painting coloring with hematoxylin-eosin, funcionam with fuchsin and Mallory. The obtained images of valves in longitudinal and cross sections were subjected to photoregistration and archiving for further detailed study and analysis. \u0000Results. As a rule, the studied vein has one trunk, but in 7,3% of cases it is represented by 2 trunks. Most often there is a division of the main trunk of the vein. Valves of the deep dorsal vein in the longitudinal section are detected in 89% of observations. On the cross-section, the valve in 36% of cases is detected near the supporting ligament. Valves are represented most often by 2 flaps, at the base of which there is a roller associated with the middle shell of the vein wall. The valves of the deep dorsal vein of the penis have the typical appearance of \"pocket\" type valves and do not prevent the outflow of venous blood from the cavernous bodies, blocking retrograde blood flow. \u0000Conclusions. Valves are a constant component of the deep dorsal vein of the human penis. The structure of the valves indicates that they prevent retrograde blood flow to the cavernous bodies, both at rest and during erection.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88164688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective - study of morphological rearrangements of the bladder and its vascular system in elderly and senile people.Material and methods. Autopsy material in the form of pieces of the bladder wall from 25 men aged 60-80 years was studied using a number of histological, morphometric and statistical techniques. As a control, we used material from 10 persons aged 20-30 years who died as a result of injuries.Results. It was shown that in men in the process of aging in the extraorganic arteries, atherosclerotic changes are revealed, leading to a narrowing of the lumen. In the intraorgan arteries, thickening of the media, hyperelastosis and hyalinosis are observed, which also lead to a reduction in blood flow and are markers of arterial hypertension. A reflection of the adaptation to hemodynamic disorders is the formation of the so-called "closing arteries" with a powerful intimate layer. Over time, in the media of the arteries, as well as in the intima of the "closing vessels", sclerosis grows. The veins of the bladder lose a powerful smooth muscle layer in the wall, undergo sclerosis, which leads to difficulty in blood outflow, aggravating chronic hypoxia. Remodeling of the vascular bed of the bladder leads to detrusor atrophy and degenerative-dysregenerative changes in the urothelium.Conclusion. In the vascular bed of the urinary bladder in elderly and senile men, atherosclerotic and angiotonic changes characteristic of arterial hypertension progress, followed by the development of detrusor atrophy and impaired urothelium regeneration.
{"title":"Morphological reconstruction of the urinary bladder in the process of age involution","authors":"S. Kulikov, И. Ш., А. С.","doi":"10.17816/morph.110831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110831","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - study of morphological rearrangements of the bladder and its vascular system in elderly and senile people.Material and methods. Autopsy material in the form of pieces of the bladder wall from 25 men aged 60-80 years was studied using a number of histological, morphometric and statistical techniques. As a control, we used material from 10 persons aged 20-30 years who died as a result of injuries.Results. It was shown that in men in the process of aging in the extraorganic arteries, atherosclerotic changes are revealed, leading to a narrowing of the lumen. In the intraorgan arteries, thickening of the media, hyperelastosis and hyalinosis are observed, which also lead to a reduction in blood flow and are markers of arterial hypertension. A reflection of the adaptation to hemodynamic disorders is the formation of the so-called \"closing arteries\" with a powerful intimate layer. Over time, in the media of the arteries, as well as in the intima of the \"closing vessels\", sclerosis grows. The veins of the bladder lose a powerful smooth muscle layer in the wall, undergo sclerosis, which leads to difficulty in blood outflow, aggravating chronic hypoxia. Remodeling of the vascular bed of the bladder leads to detrusor atrophy and degenerative-dysregenerative changes in the urothelium.Conclusion. In the vascular bed of the urinary bladder in elderly and senile men, atherosclerotic and angiotonic changes characteristic of arterial hypertension progress, followed by the development of detrusor atrophy and impaired urothelium regeneration.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83444808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-18DOI: 10.1007/s11525-022-09398-w
Irene Lami, Joost van de Weijer
{"title":"Compound-internal anaphora: evidence from acceptability judgements on Italian argumental compounds","authors":"Irene Lami, Joost van de Weijer","doi":"10.1007/s11525-022-09398-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-022-09398-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"13 1","pages":"359 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86633640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-63-70
O. Zlobina, A. N. Ivanov, T. V. Milashevskaya, Valeria Yu. Seryogina, I. Bugaeva
AIM: To compare morphological changes that occur in renal tissue, as a result of exposure to various models of light desynchronosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 48 white rats. Three experimental groups were exposed to light for 21 days. The LL (0:24) model was studied in the first group, while the LD 18:6 and 12:10 models were studied in the second and third groups, respectively. The control group was kept in natural conditions all through the experiment. The animals were placed under anesthesia with a combination of Telazol (ZoetisInc, USA) and Xylanit (Nita-farm, Russia). Afterward, their right kidney was removed. The samples obtained were prepared according to the standard method. Statistical processing was performed using the package of applied statistical programs "STATISTICA 10" (StatSoft , USA). RESULTS: Morphological disorders of the renal tissue were observed in the three experimental groups. In the first experimental group, there was a significant segmentation of the glomeruli, accompanied by dystrophic changes in the renal tubules. In the second experimental group, glomerular segmentation was more pronounced. In the renal tissue of animals of the third experimental group, the disorders were highly observable, and the sclerotized segment is noted. Changes in morphometric indicators were significant across all experimental groups. CONCLUSION: Desynchronosis harms the renal tissue by causing changes in its morphology. The most significant disorders characterized by sclerosis were observed in the kidneys of animals in the third experimental group.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of morphological changes in renal tissue under the influence of light desynchronosis","authors":"O. Zlobina, A. N. Ivanov, T. V. Milashevskaya, Valeria Yu. Seryogina, I. Bugaeva","doi":"10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-63-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-63-70","url":null,"abstract":"AIM: To compare morphological changes that occur in renal tissue, as a result of exposure to various models of light desynchronosis. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 48 white rats. Three experimental groups were exposed to light for 21 days. The LL (0:24) model was studied in the first group, while the LD 18:6 and 12:10 models were studied in the second and third groups, respectively. The control group was kept in natural conditions all through the experiment. \u0000The animals were placed under anesthesia with a combination of Telazol (ZoetisInc, USA) and Xylanit (Nita-farm, Russia). Afterward, their right kidney was removed. The samples obtained were prepared according to the standard method. Statistical processing was performed using the package of applied statistical programs \"STATISTICA 10\" (StatSoft , USA). \u0000RESULTS: Morphological disorders of the renal tissue were observed in the three experimental groups. In the first experimental group, there was a significant segmentation of the glomeruli, accompanied by dystrophic changes in the renal tubules. In the second experimental group, glomerular segmentation was more pronounced. In the renal tissue of animals of the third experimental group, the disorders were highly observable, and the sclerotized segment is noted. Changes in morphometric indicators were significant across all experimental groups. \u0000CONCLUSION: Desynchronosis harms the renal tissue by causing changes in its morphology. The most significant disorders characterized by sclerosis were observed in the kidneys of animals in the third experimental group.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76292708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-37-46
R. Mustafin, E. Khusnutdinova
Recently, a lot of data has been gathered which demonstrates neurogenesis in the brain of adult humans. In genetics, findings have been obtained that not only prove, but also elucidate the molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis. In some publications, however, morphology disputes neuronal renewal in adulthood. Therefore, this review presents the modern achievements of epigenetics, morphology, and physiology, which confirm and characterize postnatal neurogenesis in detail. We suggest that the introduction of molecular genetic technologies into morphological studies will be the starting point for the integration of these areas, complementing each other for the introduction of targeted therapy in clinical practice. Numerous evidence has been obtained of the presence of postnatal neurogenesis in adult humans in studies using bromodeoxyuridine, a carbon isotope of 14C, and 3H-thymidine, in comparative analyses of experimental data from animals. Neuronal stem cells, represented by radial glia present in the subventricular and subgranular zones of the human brain, are morphologically similar to neuroepithelial cells. They express marker proteins for astrocytes, which suggests that the proliferation of neuroglia found in adults can also indicate the regeneration of neurons. To prove this, further studies are required, with the exact identification of newly-formed cells, using specific molecular markers, and data from modern epigenetics. The integration of molecular genetic methods into morphology will facilitate not only the accurate determination of the classification of cells to a specific subpopulation but also to study the effects of various agents on the proliferation of neurons in the adult brain.
{"title":"Postnatal neurogenesis in the human brain","authors":"R. Mustafin, E. Khusnutdinova","doi":"10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-37-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-37-46","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a lot of data has been gathered which demonstrates neurogenesis in the brain of adult humans. In genetics, findings have been obtained that not only prove, but also elucidate the molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis. In some publications, however, morphology disputes neuronal renewal in adulthood. Therefore, this review presents the modern achievements of epigenetics, morphology, and physiology, which confirm and characterize postnatal neurogenesis in detail. We suggest that the introduction of molecular genetic technologies into morphological studies will be the starting point for the integration of these areas, complementing each other for the introduction of targeted therapy in clinical practice. Numerous evidence has been obtained of the presence of postnatal neurogenesis in adult humans in studies using bromodeoxyuridine, a carbon isotope of 14C, and 3H-thymidine, in comparative analyses of experimental data from animals. Neuronal stem cells, represented by radial glia present in the subventricular and subgranular zones of the human brain, are morphologically similar to neuroepithelial cells. They express marker proteins for astrocytes, which suggests that the proliferation of neuroglia found in adults can also indicate the regeneration of neurons. To prove this, further studies are required, with the exact identification of newly-formed cells, using specific molecular markers, and data from modern epigenetics. The integration of molecular genetic methods into morphology will facilitate not only the accurate determination of the classification of cells to a specific subpopulation but also to study the effects of various agents on the proliferation of neurons in the adult brain.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73623221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-55-62
E. Chaplygina, E. S. Elizarova
AIM: To study the anatomical variability of the component composition of the body in adolescents in normal conditions, and in autonomic dysfunction syndrome (ADS), using anthropometry and bio-impedance analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved healthy adolescents and adolescents with ADS of the vagotonic, mixed and sympathicotonic types. The values of basic anthropometric (body length and weight, waist, and hips) and bio-impedance metric values (absolute and relative values of fatty, lean, musculoskeletal, and active cell masses) were obtained. The Quetelet index (BMI), and waist-hip index were calculated. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed. RESULTS: Low values of anthropometric indicators, absolute values of fat, lean, musculoskeletal masses, and high values of active cell mass were observed in the group of adolescents with the vagotonic type of ADS compared to other groups of examined adolescents. High values of anthropometric indicators, absolute values of fat, lean, musculoskeletal masses, and low values of active cell mass were obtained in the group of adolescents with a sympathicotonic type of ADS. The values of the studied parameters in groups of healthy adolescents and adolescents with mixed-type ADS occupied an intermediate position compared to the groups with vagotonic and sympathicotonic types. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences in the values of the absolute and relative indicators characterizing the component composition of the body, were revealed in practically healthy adolescents and adolescents with various types of autonomic dysfunction syndrome.
{"title":"Characterization of the anatomical variability of the body composition of adolescents in normal and in the autonomic dysfunction syndrome","authors":"E. Chaplygina, E. S. Elizarova","doi":"10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-55-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-55-62","url":null,"abstract":"AIM: To study the anatomical variability of the component composition of the body in adolescents in normal conditions, and in autonomic dysfunction syndrome (ADS), using anthropometry and bio-impedance analysis. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved healthy adolescents and adolescents with ADS of the vagotonic, mixed and sympathicotonic types. The values of basic anthropometric (body length and weight, waist, and hips) and bio-impedance metric values (absolute and relative values of fatty, lean, musculoskeletal, and active cell masses) were obtained. The Quetelet index (BMI), and waist-hip index were calculated. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed. \u0000RESULTS: Low values of anthropometric indicators, absolute values of fat, lean, musculoskeletal masses, and high values of active cell mass were observed in the group of adolescents with the vagotonic type of ADS compared to other groups of examined adolescents. High values of anthropometric indicators, absolute values of fat, lean, musculoskeletal masses, and low values of active cell mass were obtained in the group of adolescents with a sympathicotonic type of ADS. The values of the studied parameters in groups of healthy adolescents and adolescents with mixed-type ADS occupied an intermediate position compared to the groups with vagotonic and sympathicotonic types. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences in the values of the absolute and relative indicators characterizing the component composition of the body, were revealed in practically healthy adolescents and adolescents with various types of autonomic dysfunction syndrome.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86717981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-01DOI: 10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-47-53
Gennady V. Bryukhin, S. Antonov
AIM: The work aimed to analyze the morphological and functional state of seminiferous epithelium in the offspring of female rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies were conducted on white Wistar laboratory rats (females) with diabetes mellitus induced and their 70-day-old offspring. Diabetes mellitus was reproduced according to the generally accepted method using streptozotocin. The areas of parenchyma and stroma, the number and area of convoluted seminiferous tubules, the total count of spermatogenous cells and their subpopulation composition, and the count of Sertoli cells per one convoluted seminiferous tubule were determined on serial histological specimens of the testes of offspring of the DM mothers. A number of generally accepted indices were determined, including the spermatogenesis index, spermatogenesis relaxation index, and germinative index. RESULTS: The offspring of female rats with experimental DM has been established to have a decreased area of the testicular parenchyma and an increase of the area of its stroma, as well as a reduced total count of spermatogenic cells, including primitive sperm cells, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and, as a result, a decrease in the count of spermatozoa. The results are consistent with a decrease in the spermatogenesis index in the offspring of female rats with experimental DM. A study of the count of Sertoli cells in experimental animals did not reveal significant differences, however, an analysis of the germinative index and the spermatogenesis relaxation index revealed a significant decrease in these parameters in experimental animals compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS: Offspring with reduced generative function of the testes is born in female rats with experimental type 1 DM.
{"title":"Effect of experimental diabetes mellitus of the mother on the morphological characteristics of spermatogenesis of the offspring","authors":"Gennady V. Bryukhin, S. Antonov","doi":"10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-47-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/1026-3543-2021-159-2-47-53","url":null,"abstract":"AIM: The work aimed to analyze the morphological and functional state of seminiferous epithelium in the offspring of female rats with experimental diabetes mellitus (DM). \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies were conducted on white Wistar laboratory rats (females) with diabetes mellitus induced and their 70-day-old offspring. Diabetes mellitus was reproduced according to the generally accepted method using streptozotocin. The areas of parenchyma and stroma, the number and area of convoluted seminiferous tubules, the total count of spermatogenous cells and their subpopulation composition, and the count of Sertoli cells per one convoluted seminiferous tubule were determined on serial histological specimens of the testes of offspring of the DM mothers. A number of generally accepted indices were determined, including the spermatogenesis index, spermatogenesis relaxation index, and germinative index. \u0000RESULTS: The offspring of female rats with experimental DM has been established to have a decreased area of the testicular parenchyma and an increase of the area of its stroma, as well as a reduced total count of spermatogenic cells, including primitive sperm cells, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and, as a result, a decrease in the count of spermatozoa. The results are consistent with a decrease in the spermatogenesis index in the offspring of female rats with experimental DM. A study of the count of Sertoli cells in experimental animals did not reveal significant differences, however, an analysis of the germinative index and the spermatogenesis relaxation index revealed a significant decrease in these parameters in experimental animals compared to the control. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Offspring with reduced generative function of the testes is born in female rats with experimental type 1 DM.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88582524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-28DOI: 10.1007/s11525-022-09397-x
Hossep Dolatian, P. Guekguezian
{"title":"Derivational timing of morphomes: canonicity and rule ordering in the Armenian aorist stem","authors":"Hossep Dolatian, P. Guekguezian","doi":"10.1007/s11525-022-09397-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-022-09397-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"49 1","pages":"317 - 357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87178328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.51157/kmor.2022.24.1.1
W. Song
This paper introduces the method of morphology research using psycholinguistic experiments that started to support 'vocabulary-inference-based morphology' as an empirical method, focusing on research cases on Korean hybrid languages, and thus morphology using psycholinguistic experiments. We would like to share the prospects of research methodology. ‘Vocabulary-Inference-based Morphology’ is a study of morphology from a constructivist perspective, and can be said to be an aspect of functionalist morphology. By understanding all Korean words as observable linguistic phenomena, we tried to study the 'content and organization of the psychological lexicon', and not only tried to explain word formation as a universal cognitive process based on 'analogy', but also This is because it attempts to capture the situation and context in which the stored words are used in the communication process by including them in the function of the lexicon of 'vocabulary access and lexical information retrieval'. Most of the research up to now using psycholinguistic methods has attempted to verify the psychological reality of grammatical units that exist in various layers of morphological research by using a psychological experiment called a lexical judgment task and a statistical test for the results of the experiment. This paper intends to lay a stepping stone to help expand the basis of constructivist and functionalist morphology research by introducing such a research methodology comprehensively and concretely.
{"title":"Researches on blended words in Korean and psycholinguistic experiments: Focused on how to use lexical decision tasks","authors":"W. Song","doi":"10.51157/kmor.2022.24.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51157/kmor.2022.24.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the method of morphology research using psycholinguistic experiments that started to support 'vocabulary-inference-based morphology' as an empirical method, focusing on research cases on Korean hybrid languages, and thus morphology using psycholinguistic experiments. We would like to share the prospects of research methodology. ‘Vocabulary-Inference-based Morphology’ is a study of morphology from a constructivist perspective, and can be said to be an aspect of functionalist morphology. By understanding all Korean words as observable linguistic phenomena, we tried to study the 'content and organization of the psychological lexicon', and not only tried to explain word formation as a universal cognitive process based on 'analogy', but also This is because it attempts to capture the situation and context in which the stored words are used in the communication process by including them in the function of the lexicon of 'vocabulary access and lexical information retrieval'. Most of the research up to now using psycholinguistic methods has attempted to verify the psychological reality of grammatical units that exist in various layers of morphological research by using a psychological experiment called a lexical judgment task and a statistical test for the results of the experiment. This paper intends to lay a stepping stone to help expand the basis of constructivist and functionalist morphology research by introducing such a research methodology comprehensively and concretely. \u0000","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72753043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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