Aleksandr Konstantinovich Usovich, Natalia Timofeevna Alexeeva, D. A. Sokolov, Vitalii Aleksandrovich Ivanov, V. N. Chernova
Vasilii Ivanovich Oshkaderov is a prominent Russian anatomist whose name is associated with many medical universities. He began his career as a scientist and an organizer of medical education within the walls of Voronezh State University, graduating from the medical faculty and working at the department of anatomy under the guidance of professors I.V. Georgievskii and G.M. Iosifov until 1929. From 1929 to 1931 Vasily Ivanovich headed the department of normal anatomy at the Kuban Medical Institute. From 1931 to 1937 he headed the staff of the anatomical departments at the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute and the P.F. Lesgaft Institute of Physical Culture. In 1937, he was sent to the Vitebsk Medical Institute to organize the department of anatomy. From 1940 to 1942 V.I. Oshkaderov served as the head of the department of anatomy of the Kronstadt Naval School. Activitiy of V.I. Oshkaderov is associated with the veterinary department of the Ivanovo Agricultural Institute, the Central Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sports in Moscow, the Leningrad Pharmaceutical Institute, the Agricultural Institute of Pushkin. The last three months of the life of Vasily Ivanovich were associated with the department of anatomy and chemistry of the Smolensk Institute of Physical Culture. In this article, along with the main milestones of the scientific and organizational activities of professor V.I. Oshkaderov, previously unknown archival data are given that complement the pages of the biography of the scientist.
{"title":"Vasilii Ivanovich Oshkaderov and his contribution to the organization of anatomical departments","authors":"Aleksandr Konstantinovich Usovich, Natalia Timofeevna Alexeeva, D. A. Sokolov, Vitalii Aleksandrovich Ivanov, V. N. Chernova","doi":"10.17816/morph.108673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.108673","url":null,"abstract":"Vasilii Ivanovich Oshkaderov is a prominent Russian anatomist whose name is associated with many medical universities. He began his career as a scientist and an organizer of medical education within the walls of Voronezh State University, graduating from the medical faculty and working at the department of anatomy under the guidance of professors I.V. Georgievskii and G.M. Iosifov until 1929. From 1929 to 1931 Vasily Ivanovich headed the department of normal anatomy at the Kuban Medical Institute. From 1931 to 1937 he headed the staff of the anatomical departments at the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute and the P.F. Lesgaft Institute of Physical Culture. In 1937, he was sent to the Vitebsk Medical Institute to organize the department of anatomy. From 1940 to 1942 V.I. Oshkaderov served as the head of the department of anatomy of the Kronstadt Naval School. Activitiy of V.I. Oshkaderov is associated with the veterinary department of the Ivanovo Agricultural Institute, the Central Research Institute of Physical Culture and Sports in Moscow, the Leningrad Pharmaceutical Institute, the Agricultural Institute of Pushkin. The last three months of the life of Vasily Ivanovich were associated with the department of anatomy and chemistry of the Smolensk Institute of Physical Culture. In this article, along with the main milestones of the scientific and organizational activities of professor V.I. Oshkaderov, previously unknown archival data are given that complement the pages of the biography of the scientist.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78517772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smoking is an important social problem that greatly threatens the health of the population. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of smoking on the hepatobiliary system. Material and methods. We used 46 outbred white male rats. Control group - intact animals (n=10). Experimental rats: 1-animals were in an atmosphere of tobacco smoke for 7 days (n=12), 2-14 days (n=12), 3-for 21 days (n=12). Results. The greatest changes in the liver were noted in the third group - small foci of necrosis were detected, around which a perifocal inflammatory reaction occurred. There were signs of hydropic dystrophy and the presence of acidophilic lumps around the nuclei, thrombotic masses in the vessels. Signs of capillaryization of sinusoids were revealed. In all groups, the number of cells up to 10 m in diameter significantly increased. In animals of the 1st group in the central zones there was a tendency to increase the percentage of cells with a diameter of up to 10-20 microns, in the 2nd group it increased 3 times in the central and 2.6 times in the peripheral zones, and in the 3rd group - 3.4 times and in peripheral zones - 2.8 times (p0.001). There was a decrease in the number of cells with a diameter of up to 20-30 microns (%) in group 1, in group 2 in the central zones - 1.9 times, in peripheral - 1.5 times, in group 3 - 2.7 times, in peripheral 2 times (p0.001). The number of cells with a diameter of more than 30 microns has changed, the greatest changes were noted in the peripheral zones: in group 1.2 - a decrease of 2.7 times, in group 3 - 2.9 times. Conclusions. Under tobacco smoke intoxication in rats, dystrophic and necrobiotic changes occurred in the liver, a decrease in the number of binuclear cells, a decrease in the number of normal hepatocytes with a diameter of 2030 m, and an increase in the percentage of cells with a diameter of up to 10 m and 1020 m.
吸烟是一个严重威胁人们健康的重要社会问题。这项研究的目的是研究吸烟对肝胆系统的影响。材料和方法。我们使用了46只近亲繁殖的雄性白鼠。对照组:完整动物(n=10)。实验大鼠:1只动物置于烟草烟雾环境7 d (n=12)， 2-14 d (n=12)， 3只动物置于21 d (n=12)。结果。第三组肝脏变化最大，发现小灶坏死，灶周周围发生炎症反应。有水营养不良的迹象，核周围有嗜酸肿块，血管内有血栓性肿块。可见窦状窦毛细血管化征象。在所有组中，直径达10 m的细胞数量均显著增加。第1组中央区10 ~ 20微米的细胞百分比有增加趋势，第2组中央区增加3倍，外周区增加2.6倍，第3组增加3.4倍，外周区增加2.8倍(p0.001)。直径达20-30微米(%)的细胞在1组减少1.9倍，在2组减少1.5倍，在3组减少2.7倍，在2组减少2倍(p0.001)。直径大于30微米的细胞数量发生变化，外周区变化最大:1.2组减少2.7倍，3组减少2.9倍。结论。烟草烟雾中毒大鼠肝脏发生营养不良和坏死改变，双核细胞数量减少，直径为2030 m的正常肝细胞数量减少，直径达10 m和1020 m的细胞百分比增加。
{"title":"The effect of passive smoking on the structure of hepatocytes and the state of the microcirculatory bed in the liver in rats","authors":"O. Vorobeva, Igor Ivanovich Malyshev","doi":"10.17816/morph.111965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.111965","url":null,"abstract":"Smoking is an important social problem that greatly threatens the health of the population. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of smoking on the hepatobiliary system. Material and methods. We used 46 outbred white male rats. Control group - intact animals (n=10). Experimental rats: 1-animals were in an atmosphere of tobacco smoke for 7 days (n=12), 2-14 days (n=12), 3-for 21 days (n=12). Results. The greatest changes in the liver were noted in the third group - small foci of necrosis were detected, around which a perifocal inflammatory reaction occurred. There were signs of hydropic dystrophy and the presence of acidophilic lumps around the nuclei, thrombotic masses in the vessels. Signs of capillaryization of sinusoids were revealed. In all groups, the number of cells up to 10 m in diameter significantly increased. In animals of the 1st group in the central zones there was a tendency to increase the percentage of cells with a diameter of up to 10-20 microns, in the 2nd group it increased 3 times in the central and 2.6 times in the peripheral zones, and in the 3rd group - 3.4 times and in peripheral zones - 2.8 times (p0.001). There was a decrease in the number of cells with a diameter of up to 20-30 microns (%) in group 1, in group 2 in the central zones - 1.9 times, in peripheral - 1.5 times, in group 3 - 2.7 times, in peripheral 2 times (p0.001). The number of cells with a diameter of more than 30 microns has changed, the greatest changes were noted in the peripheral zones: in group 1.2 - a decrease of 2.7 times, in group 3 - 2.9 times. Conclusions. Under tobacco smoke intoxication in rats, dystrophic and necrobiotic changes occurred in the liver, a decrease in the number of binuclear cells, a decrease in the number of normal hepatocytes with a diameter of 2030 m, and an increase in the percentage of cells with a diameter of up to 10 m and 1020 m.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75160989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective to estimate the efficiency of interdisciplinary approach to informative analysis of morphological constitution in young males and females in modern urboecological studies. Material and methods. The sample of modern Moscow students-psychologists aged 18-20 years, 95 males and 150 females, is used to accomplish the complex study of the constitutional status including three systems of parameters morphological (somatic: skeletal dimensions, girths, skinfolds), psychological (number of psychological tests to estimate personal anxiety, autonomic ballance, self-regulation, "Prognosis"), physiological (EEG: power and coherence in different bands and cuts) - by means of factor analysis. Results and discussion. First six constant and objective factors in the structure of total constitution of young males and females are under discussion: factor of longitudinal skeletal development, factor of transversal body development (adiposity first of all), factor of covariation of the parameters of the psychological system, factor of genetically determined physiological tone (EEG power), factors of function of the individual life experience, mediated by environment intrahemispheric and interhemispheric coherencies. Results of factor analysis are similar to both sexes with small difference, which reflects fact of more dynamic role of adipose tissue in female organism. In total 6 factors describe about 70 % variability of different systems of parameters. Conclusions. The autonomy of different systems of traits is shown, which is the base of integrity and plasticity of the organism. Such interdisciplinary studies provide the comparative integrative characteristics of morphofunctional status of various modern ethnic/territorial groups, specify the mechanisms of adaptation to concentrated anthropogenic environment, give the correct estimation of the adaptive potential of the organism in the conditions of anthropogenic pressure of high level, describe the morphophysiological base of patterns of behavior.
{"title":"An interdisciplinary approach to assessing the human constitution in adolescence","authors":"A. Gorbacheva, T. Fedotova","doi":"10.17816/morph.111996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.111996","url":null,"abstract":"Objective to estimate the efficiency of interdisciplinary approach to informative analysis of morphological constitution in young males and females in modern urboecological studies. \u0000Material and methods. The sample of modern Moscow students-psychologists aged 18-20 years, 95 males and 150 females, is used to accomplish the complex study of the constitutional status including three systems of parameters morphological (somatic: skeletal dimensions, girths, skinfolds), psychological (number of psychological tests to estimate personal anxiety, autonomic ballance, self-regulation, \"Prognosis\"), physiological (EEG: power and coherence in different bands and cuts) - by means of factor analysis. \u0000Results and discussion. First six constant and objective factors in the structure of total constitution of young males and females are under discussion: factor of longitudinal skeletal development, factor of transversal body development (adiposity first of all), factor of covariation of the parameters of the psychological system, factor of genetically determined physiological tone (EEG power), factors of function of the individual life experience, mediated by environment intrahemispheric and interhemispheric coherencies. Results of factor analysis are similar to both sexes with small difference, which reflects fact of more dynamic role of adipose tissue in female organism. In total 6 factors describe about 70 % variability of different systems of parameters. \u0000Conclusions. The autonomy of different systems of traits is shown, which is the base of integrity and plasticity of the organism. Such interdisciplinary studies provide the comparative integrative characteristics of morphofunctional status of various modern ethnic/territorial groups, specify the mechanisms of adaptation to concentrated anthropogenic environment, give the correct estimation of the adaptive potential of the organism in the conditions of anthropogenic pressure of high level, describe the morphophysiological base of patterns of behavior.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79151978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1007/s11525-022-09401-4
Justine Salvadori, Richard Huyghe
This article investigates the semantic polyfunctionality of affixes, i.e. their ability to serve a variety of distinct semantic functions. Based on the analysis of a sample of 3,091 deverbal nouns ending with 46 different suffixes in French, the study examines the diversity of semantic functions realized by deverbal suffixes, the distribution of these functions across suffixes and the relationships that may exist between different functions. It appears that polyfunctionality is widespread among French deverbal suffixes and involves a large number of semantic functions, with highly variable realization frequency. Several fundamental aspects of affix polyfunctionality are further highlighted. A probabilistic analysis shows that polyfunctionality can be driven by non-arbitrary semantic associations between functions. A hierarchy of functions can also be postulated depending on whether they can be instantiated by monosemous or only polysemous derivatives. In addition, polyfunctionality appears to be inseparable from rivalry relationships and to determine the degree of rivalry between affixes. Overall, the study illustrates that affix polyfunctionality is governed by systematic organizing principles whose ramifications touch on lexical ambiguity and morphological competition.
{"title":"Affix polyfunctionality in French deverbal nominalizations.","authors":"Justine Salvadori, Richard Huyghe","doi":"10.1007/s11525-022-09401-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-022-09401-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article investigates the semantic polyfunctionality of affixes, i.e. their ability to serve a variety of distinct semantic functions. Based on the analysis of a sample of 3,091 deverbal nouns ending with 46 different suffixes in French, the study examines the diversity of semantic functions realized by deverbal suffixes, the distribution of these functions across suffixes and the relationships that may exist between different functions. It appears that polyfunctionality is widespread among French deverbal suffixes and involves a large number of semantic functions, with highly variable realization frequency. Several fundamental aspects of affix polyfunctionality are further highlighted. A probabilistic analysis shows that polyfunctionality can be driven by non-arbitrary semantic associations between functions. A hierarchy of functions can also be postulated depending on whether they can be instantiated by monosemous or only polysemous derivatives. In addition, polyfunctionality appears to be inseparable from rivalry relationships and to determine the degree of rivalry between affixes. Overall, the study illustrates that affix polyfunctionality is governed by systematic organizing principles whose ramifications touch on lexical ambiguity and morphological competition.</p>","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10014677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9508307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sakibaev, D. B. Nikityuk, S. Klochkova, Natalia Timofeevna Alexeeva, N. M. Tashmatova, A. Alimbekova, Uulkan Manas kyzy, Kanymgul Asanbek kyzy, Tursunbek Orozbek uulu
Objective to study the quantitative parameters of the bone component of the body in women of different age groups, taking into account body types. Material and methods. The physical status of 580 female Kyrgyz women was studied, which were ranked into three age groups: the youth period (16-20 years) - 210 girls, the 1st period of adulthood (21-35 years) - 186 women and the 2nd period of adulthood (36-55 years) - 184 women. Somatotyping was carried out according to the scheme of I. B. Galant - B. A. Nikityuk - V. P. Chitetsov (1983), in the presence of their informed consent. The content of the bone component was determined by J. Matiegka (1921). Results. Among the studied women, the leptosomal group of constitutions was 20%, mesosomal 32%, megalosomal 33% and indeterminate-15%. In comparison with the absolute content of bone component in girls of leptosomal Constitution, it in girls of mesosomal group almost does not change, megalosomal group increases 1.2 times (p0.05), uncertain Constitution 1.1 times more (p0.05). Compared with the percentage of the bone component of the body in women girls leptosomal Constitution, the value of this indicator in girls mesosomal group is less than 1.2 times (p0.05), megalosomal-1.3 times (p0.05), indeterminate Constitution-1.5 times (p0.05). In women of the 1st period of Mature age of the leptosomal Constitution, this indicator, compared with its value in women of mesosomal, megalosomal and indeterminate groups, is 1.4 times less (p0.05). In women of the 2nd period of mature age of leptosomal Constitution, this parameter, compared with its value in women of the mesosomal group is less than 1.4 times (p0.05), megalosomal group 1.5 times (p0.05), uncertain Constitution 1.6 times (p0.05). Conclusions. The absolute severity of the bone component of the body has minimal values in girls and women of Mature age with asthenic thin-boned somatotype (6,0 7,1 kg), the maximum-with euriplastic somatotype (6,6-9,2 kg). In women of the 2nd period of adulthood, compared with girls, the value of this indicator in representatives of all somatotypes decreases (1.1-1.2 times).
目的在考虑体型的情况下，研究不同年龄组女性身体骨骼成分的定量参数。材料和方法。对580名吉尔吉斯女性的身体状况进行了研究，她们被分为三个年龄组:青年期(16-20岁)——210名女孩，成年期第一阶段(21-35岁)——186名妇女，成年期第二阶段(36-55岁)——184名妇女。根据I. B. Galant - B. A. Nikityuk - V. P. Chitetsov(1983)的方案，在知情同意的情况下进行身体分型。骨成分的含量由J. Matiegka(1921)测定。结果。在研究的女性中，轻体组的体质占20%，中体组32%，巨体组33%，不确定组15%。与轻体体质女孩骨成分绝对含量相比，中染色体组女孩骨成分绝对含量几乎没有变化，巨染色体组增加1.2倍(p0.05)，不确定体质组增加1.1倍(p0.05)。与女童瘦体体质中骨性成分所占的比例相比，该指标在女童中染色体组小于1.2倍(p0.05)，巨体组小于1.3倍(p0.05)，不确定体质组小于1.5倍(p0.05)。细体体质成熟期第一阶段的妇女，该指标与中染色体组、巨染色体组和不确定组妇女相比，低1.4倍(p0.05)。细体体质成熟年龄第二期的妇女，该参数与中染色体组妇女相比小于1.4倍(p0.05)，与巨染色体组妇女相比小于1.5倍(p0.05)，与不确定体质组妇女相比小于1.6倍(p0.05)。结论。身体骨骼组成的绝对严重程度在衰弱瘦骨型(6,7,1 kg)的女孩和成熟年龄妇女中最小，而在euriplastic型(6,6-9,2 kg)中最大。在成年第二阶段的妇女中，与女孩相比，这一指标在所有体型的代表中都有所下降(1.1-1.2倍)。
{"title":"Features of quantitative content of bone component in women of different age and сonstitution","authors":"K. Sakibaev, D. B. Nikityuk, S. Klochkova, Natalia Timofeevna Alexeeva, N. M. Tashmatova, A. Alimbekova, Uulkan Manas kyzy, Kanymgul Asanbek kyzy, Tursunbek Orozbek uulu","doi":"10.17816/morph.111873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.111873","url":null,"abstract":"Objective to study the quantitative parameters of the bone component of the body in women of different age groups, taking into account body types. \u0000Material and methods. The physical status of 580 female Kyrgyz women was studied, which were ranked into three age groups: the youth period (16-20 years) - 210 girls, the 1st period of adulthood (21-35 years) - 186 women and the 2nd period of adulthood (36-55 years) - 184 women. Somatotyping was carried out according to the scheme of I. B. Galant - B. A. Nikityuk - V. P. Chitetsov (1983), in the presence of their informed consent. The content of the bone component was determined by J. Matiegka (1921). \u0000Results. Among the studied women, the leptosomal group of constitutions was 20%, mesosomal 32%, megalosomal 33% and indeterminate-15%. In comparison with the absolute content of bone component in girls of leptosomal Constitution, it in girls of mesosomal group almost does not change, megalosomal group increases 1.2 times (p0.05), uncertain Constitution 1.1 times more (p0.05). Compared with the percentage of the bone component of the body in women girls leptosomal Constitution, the value of this indicator in girls mesosomal group is less than 1.2 times (p0.05), megalosomal-1.3 times (p0.05), indeterminate Constitution-1.5 times (p0.05). In women of the 1st period of Mature age of the leptosomal Constitution, this indicator, compared with its value in women of mesosomal, megalosomal and indeterminate groups, is 1.4 times less (p0.05). In women of the 2nd period of mature age of leptosomal Constitution, this parameter, compared with its value in women of the mesosomal group is less than 1.4 times (p0.05), megalosomal group 1.5 times (p0.05), uncertain Constitution 1.6 times (p0.05). \u0000Conclusions. The absolute severity of the bone component of the body has minimal values in girls and women of Mature age with asthenic thin-boned somatotype (6,0 7,1 kg), the maximum-with euriplastic somatotype (6,6-9,2 kg). In women of the 2nd period of adulthood, compared with girls, the value of this indicator in representatives of all somatotypes decreases (1.1-1.2 times).","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87131281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. R. Tiras, I. Mikheeva, Gulnara Mihailova, N. Penkova, Sergey Surenovich Khutzian
Objective - to study the three-dimensional structure of Mauthner neurons in goldfish and the ultrastructure of their afferent synapses under the influence of L-dopa and the toxic fragment of 25-35 beta-amyloid.Materials and methods. The study was performed on Mauthner neurons of the goldfish fry (n=12) by the methods of light and electron microscopy. The identification of Mauthner's neurons and the reconstruction of their integral structure, the determination of the volume of the soma, ventral and lateral dendrites and the study of the structure of afferent synapses were carried out using serial sections 3 m thick.Results. The use of L-dopa stabilizes the size of the soma and ventral dendrites. A decrease in the volume of the lateral dendrite is accompanied either by an increase in the volume of its branches under the action of beta-amyloid, then L-dopa, or an increase in the volume of medial dendrites under the action of L-dopa, then beta-amyloid. Pathological changes in the ultrastructure of neurons and afferent synapses were not found, but signs of early amyloidosis were revealed.Conclusions. The use of L-dopa slows down the degeneration of Mauthner's neurons. It has been suggested that the resistance of whole neurons to the neurotoxic action of beta-amyloid is due to the mechanism of structural homeostasis aimed at compensatory restoration of the morphological organization of neurons.
{"title":"The use of L-dopa induces the resistance of Mauthner's neurons to the neurotoxic action of beta-amyloid","authors":"N. R. Tiras, I. Mikheeva, Gulnara Mihailova, N. Penkova, Sergey Surenovich Khutzian","doi":"10.17816/morph.89904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.89904","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - to study the three-dimensional structure of Mauthner neurons in goldfish and the ultrastructure of their afferent synapses under the influence of L-dopa and the toxic fragment of 25-35 beta-amyloid.Materials and methods. The study was performed on Mauthner neurons of the goldfish fry (n=12) by the methods of light and electron microscopy. The identification of Mauthner's neurons and the reconstruction of their integral structure, the determination of the volume of the soma, ventral and lateral dendrites and the study of the structure of afferent synapses were carried out using serial sections 3 m thick.Results. The use of L-dopa stabilizes the size of the soma and ventral dendrites. A decrease in the volume of the lateral dendrite is accompanied either by an increase in the volume of its branches under the action of beta-amyloid, then L-dopa, or an increase in the volume of medial dendrites under the action of L-dopa, then beta-amyloid. Pathological changes in the ultrastructure of neurons and afferent synapses were not found, but signs of early amyloidosis were revealed.Conclusions. The use of L-dopa slows down the degeneration of Mauthner's neurons. It has been suggested that the resistance of whole neurons to the neurotoxic action of beta-amyloid is due to the mechanism of structural homeostasis aimed at compensatory restoration of the morphological organization of neurons.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74854447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Minaev, N. Getman, A. Grigorova, S.S. Dydykin, O. Sumkina, S. Timofeev
Aim - histological study of the structure and thickness of the membranes of the portal vein of the liver and splenic vein in people of different age groups in normal conditions and with portal hypertension. Materials and methods. Sectional material for the study of the portal vein of the liver and splenic vein was obtained from 89 people aged 7 to 30 years who died from injuries incompatible with life. In 57 cases during life, patients had a history of portal hypertension, the remaining 32 cases were considered as controls. Cellular and tissue components of the vein walls were studied on paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin, as well as according to Van Gieson using Weigert's hematoxylin, picric acid, and fuchsin. Results. It was found that in case of portal hypertension, in comparison with the control, the thickness of the inner and middle membranes of venous vessels significantly increased in all age groups. Pathological features of changes in the thickness and microstructure of the components of the portal vein wall of the liver and splenic vein in topographically different parts of the veins are shown. Conclusions. Pathological changes in the wall of the portal vein of the liver and splenic vein in portal hypertension are pronounced and regular in both young people and children and adolescents, which is an urgent problem for clinical practice. Further study of the structures of GDP and SW will help to form representations of the average stress parameters, the digital values of which have a different range in relation to the norm.
{"title":"Histological features of the structure of the portal vein of the liver and splenic vein in portal hypertension","authors":"S. Minaev, N. Getman, A. Grigorova, S.S. Dydykin, O. Sumkina, S. Timofeev","doi":"10.17816/morph.112247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.112247","url":null,"abstract":"Aim - histological study of the structure and thickness of the membranes of the portal vein of the liver and splenic vein in people of different age groups in normal conditions and with portal hypertension. \u0000Materials and methods. Sectional material for the study of the portal vein of the liver and splenic vein was obtained from 89 people aged 7 to 30 years who died from injuries incompatible with life. In 57 cases during life, patients had a history of portal hypertension, the remaining 32 cases were considered as controls. Cellular and tissue components of the vein walls were studied on paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin, as well as according to Van Gieson using Weigert's hematoxylin, picric acid, and fuchsin. \u0000Results. It was found that in case of portal hypertension, in comparison with the control, the thickness of the inner and middle membranes of venous vessels significantly increased in all age groups. Pathological features of changes in the thickness and microstructure of the components of the portal vein wall of the liver and splenic vein in topographically different parts of the veins are shown. \u0000Conclusions. Pathological changes in the wall of the portal vein of the liver and splenic vein in portal hypertension are pronounced and regular in both young people and children and adolescents, which is an urgent problem for clinical practice. Further study of the structures of GDP and SW will help to form representations of the average stress parameters, the digital values of which have a different range in relation to the norm.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87895287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adaptation to climatic conditions influences main characteristics of subjective physical development and morphofunctional state that tend to differ in different geographical regions of the northeast of Russia. A comparative analysis was conducted for basic somatometric indicators to identify differences between representatives of Magadan Region and Chukotka Autonomous District. Material and methods: One hundred and ninety-eight young men aged 17-21 (Koryaks and Evens) from Magadan Region (the city of Magadan) and eighty-seven young men (Chukchi) from Chukotka Autonomous District (the city of Anadyr) participated in the study. Using medical height meter and scale, we measured physical variables and calculated somatometric indices for the examined two groups. Results: somatometric indicators exhibited by modern young male aborigines inhabiting different regions of the Far East demonstrated no significant differences between groups. However, subjective overall body size through the two regions analyzed samples proved to increase as compared to their peers of previous years. Conclusion: Aborigines from both Magadan Region and Chukotka Autonomous District have developed their morphotype with accelerated variables. Changes observed have no dependence upon region of residence or ethnicity.
{"title":"Physical development comparative study among aborigines inhabiting different regions of Russia’s northeast","authors":"I. Averyanova","doi":"10.17816/morph.106184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.106184","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptation to climatic conditions influences main characteristics of subjective physical development and morphofunctional state that tend to differ in different geographical regions of the northeast of Russia. A comparative analysis was conducted for basic somatometric indicators to identify differences between representatives of Magadan Region and Chukotka Autonomous District. \u0000Material and methods: One hundred and ninety-eight young men aged 17-21 (Koryaks and Evens) from Magadan Region (the city of Magadan) and eighty-seven young men (Chukchi) from Chukotka Autonomous District (the city of Anadyr) participated in the study. Using medical height meter and scale, we measured physical variables and calculated somatometric indices for the examined two groups. Results: somatometric indicators exhibited by modern young male aborigines inhabiting different regions of the Far East demonstrated no significant differences between groups. However, subjective overall body size through the two regions analyzed samples proved to increase as compared to their peers of previous years. \u0000Conclusion: Aborigines from both Magadan Region and Chukotka Autonomous District have developed their morphotype with accelerated variables. Changes observed have no dependence upon region of residence or ethnicity.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82899554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective - development of Klebsiella - Candida arthritis model in Wistar rats. Material and methods. The study was carried out on 20 male Wistar rats, of which 15 animals were injected with a bacterial-fungal suspension by introducing into the cavity of the hock (tarsus) joint Klebsiella-Candida suspension (1: 1) with a microorganism concentration of 106 CFU / ml , using museum strains Klebsiella pneumoniae ICIS - 278 and Candida albicans ATCC 24433 under the control of an X-ray apparatus FireCR +. Five intact animals served as control. On the 15th day of the experiment, after euthanasia, a bacteriological and histological examination of the affected joints was carried out while maintaining their topography. Results. In rats infected with Klebiella-candidiasis suspension, pain syndrome and functional changes typical for arthritis were noted on days 2-3. Bacteriological examination of the affected joints in 75% of rats isolated cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae, identical, according to PCR, to the original strain, which is part of the bacterial-fungal suspension. At the same time, fungi of the genus Candida, also used in the experiment for infecting animals, were not detected from the affected joints of rats. The reproduced model of Klebsiella-Candida arthritis is characterized by pathomorphological signs of panarthritis, accompanied by purulent inflammation of all joint structures (synovial membrane, cartilage and bone tissue) with the involvement of soft periarticular tissues. Conclusions. The presented model of Klebsiella-fungal arthritis can be used to test new means of antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) therapy, which are an integral component of the treatment of arthritis associated with infection.
{"title":"Klebsiella-candida arthritis model in Wistar rats","authors":"E. I. Danilova","doi":"10.17816/morph.110871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110871","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - development of Klebsiella - Candida arthritis model in Wistar rats. \u0000Material and methods. The study was carried out on 20 male Wistar rats, of which 15 animals were injected with a bacterial-fungal suspension by introducing into the cavity of the hock (tarsus) joint Klebsiella-Candida suspension (1: 1) with a microorganism concentration of 106 CFU / ml , using museum strains Klebsiella pneumoniae ICIS - 278 and Candida albicans ATCC 24433 under the control of an X-ray apparatus FireCR +. Five intact animals served as control. On the 15th day of the experiment, after euthanasia, a bacteriological and histological examination of the affected joints was carried out while maintaining their topography. \u0000Results. In rats infected with Klebiella-candidiasis suspension, pain syndrome and functional changes typical for arthritis were noted on days 2-3. Bacteriological examination of the affected joints in 75% of rats isolated cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae, identical, according to PCR, to the original strain, which is part of the bacterial-fungal suspension. At the same time, fungi of the genus Candida, also used in the experiment for infecting animals, were not detected from the affected joints of rats. The reproduced model of Klebsiella-Candida arthritis is characterized by pathomorphological signs of panarthritis, accompanied by purulent inflammation of all joint structures (synovial membrane, cartilage and bone tissue) with the involvement of soft periarticular tissues. \u0000Conclusions. The presented model of Klebsiella-fungal arthritis can be used to test new means of antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) therapy, which are an integral component of the treatment of arthritis associated with infection.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73544592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.51157/kmor.2022.24.2.311
Gyu-hwan Oh
Korean complex predicate constructions(henceforth CPCs) can be cross-classified with various types, according to case marker/particle realization, expandability of CPCs’ constituents, polysemy of CPCs’ noun, semantic bleaching degree of CPCs’ verbs/adjectives, etc. The wordhood of Korean CPCs vary depending on the types of CPCs. I accounted for the differences observed on the wordhood of Korean CPCs from the perspective of word-formation and described the synchronic formation and change of Korean CPCs. Korean CPCs are formed synchronically through the concatenative process that occurs when clauses are formed in the syntactic component or the substitutional process and concatenative process in the mental lexicon. Korean CPCs which are formed in the mental lexicon are more likely to be word-like, while CPCs which are formed in the syntactic component are more likely to phrase-like. Korean CPCs that are formed synchronically are used in the syntactic component and experiences formal, semantic, and categorial changes. The formal and semantic change of Korean CPCs are related to the realization of the case-marker/particle and metaphor/metonymy, respectively, and the categorial change of Korean CPCs is due to reanalysis. Because of these changes, I pointed out that the wordhood of the Korean CPCs may decrease or increase.
{"title":"Formation Principles and Change Factors of Korean Complex Predicate Constructions","authors":"Gyu-hwan Oh","doi":"10.51157/kmor.2022.24.2.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51157/kmor.2022.24.2.311","url":null,"abstract":"Korean complex predicate constructions(henceforth CPCs) can be cross-classified with various types, according to case marker/particle realization, expandability of CPCs’ constituents, polysemy of CPCs’ noun, semantic bleaching degree of CPCs’ verbs/adjectives, etc. The wordhood of Korean CPCs vary depending on the types of CPCs. I accounted for the differences observed on the wordhood of Korean CPCs from the perspective of word-formation and described the synchronic formation and change of Korean CPCs. Korean CPCs are formed synchronically through the concatenative process that occurs when clauses are formed in the syntactic component or the substitutional process and concatenative process in the mental lexicon. Korean CPCs which are formed in the mental lexicon are more likely to be word-like, while CPCs which are formed in the syntactic component are more likely to phrase-like. Korean CPCs that are formed synchronically are used in the syntactic component and experiences formal, semantic, and categorial changes. The formal and semantic change of Korean CPCs are related to the realization of the case-marker/particle and metaphor/metonymy, respectively, and the categorial change of Korean CPCs is due to reanalysis. Because of these changes, I pointed out that the wordhood of the Korean CPCs may decrease or increase.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73344456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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