Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.51157/kmor.2022.24.2.347
Ye-Eun Jeong
This paper aims to clarify the scope of context forming lexical meaning by discussing the difference between literal and contextual meanings in the Korean lexicon from a pragmatic and sociolinguistic view. Literal meaning is the entailed meaning of the constituents, while contextual meaning is the implied meaning of the constituents, with the former including most subordinate compounds. In contextual meaning (α), there is temporary α as well as the more stabilized conventional α. Unlike conventional α that have already solidified into literal meaning, temporary α is actively being formed in both extralinguistic contexts, such as social stereotypes and personal variables, and intralinguistic contexts. The findings in this article can help systematically represent the mental process of context forming lexical meaning.
{"title":"The Scope of Context Forming Lexical Meaning","authors":"Ye-Eun Jeong","doi":"10.51157/kmor.2022.24.2.347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51157/kmor.2022.24.2.347","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to clarify the scope of context forming lexical meaning by discussing the difference between literal and contextual meanings in the Korean lexicon from a pragmatic and sociolinguistic view. Literal meaning is the entailed meaning of the constituents, while contextual meaning is the implied meaning of the constituents, with the former including most subordinate compounds. In contextual meaning (α), there is temporary α as well as the more stabilized conventional α. Unlike conventional α that have already solidified into literal meaning, temporary α is actively being formed in both extralinguistic contexts, such as social stereotypes and personal variables, and intralinguistic contexts. The findings in this article can help systematically represent the mental process of context forming lexical meaning.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82791755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.51157/kmor.2022.24.2.370
Yoonji Choi
As a review of Nakagawa(2020), Information Structure in Spoken Japanese: Particles, Word Order, and Intonation, this article summarizes its main contents, points out its problems, and examines topics comparable to the Korean information structure. Nakagawa(2020) is mainly based on the analysis of the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese, and uses the frame of referential information status which is a modified version of Prince(1981)’s assumed familiarity taxonomy and the category of topic and focus defined according to ‘controversiality’. The topic particles such as toiuno-wa, wa, COP-kedo/ga, and ∅ are shown to be distributed in different scopes of given-new taxonomy, and the focus particles such as ga, o, and ∅ are claimed to be correlated with the grammatical and semantic properties of NP and the type of focus. Topic and focus are claimed to appear clause-initially and right before the predicate, respectively, and to tend to be uttered in phrasal IUs (intonational units) and clausal IUs, respectively. We point out several problems of Nakagawa(2020) that it needs full discussion of discriminating topic and focus markers, more detailed description of the relationship between IUs and informational status, and reconsidering of so-called information-structure continuity principle. For comparative study of information structure of Korean and Japanese, we propose to investigate the relationship between case particles and focus, and to compare a Japanese topic marker toiuno-wa and a Korean topic marker (i)ran.
{"title":"A review of Nakagawa(2020), Information Structure in Spoken Japanese: Particles, Word Order, and Intonation","authors":"Yoonji Choi","doi":"10.51157/kmor.2022.24.2.370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51157/kmor.2022.24.2.370","url":null,"abstract":"As a review of Nakagawa(2020), Information Structure in Spoken Japanese: Particles, Word Order, and Intonation, this article summarizes its main contents, points out its problems, and examines topics comparable to the Korean information structure. Nakagawa(2020) is mainly based on the analysis of the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese, and uses the frame of referential information status which is a modified version of Prince(1981)’s assumed familiarity taxonomy and the category of topic and focus defined according to ‘controversiality’. The topic particles such as toiuno-wa, wa, COP-kedo/ga, and ∅ are shown to be distributed in different scopes of given-new taxonomy, and the focus particles such as ga, o, and ∅ are claimed to be correlated with the grammatical and semantic properties of NP and the type of focus. Topic and focus are claimed to appear clause-initially and right before the predicate, respectively, and to tend to be uttered in phrasal IUs (intonational units) and clausal IUs, respectively. We point out several problems of Nakagawa(2020) that it needs full discussion of discriminating topic and focus markers, more detailed description of the relationship between IUs and informational status, and reconsidering of so-called information-structure continuity principle. For comparative study of information structure of Korean and Japanese, we propose to investigate the relationship between case particles and focus, and to compare a Japanese topic marker toiuno-wa and a Korean topic marker (i)ran.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81101888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-25DOI: 10.1007/s11525-022-09400-5
Katya Pertsova
{"title":"A case for a binary feature underlying clusivity: the possibility of ABA","authors":"Katya Pertsova","doi":"10.1007/s11525-022-09400-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-022-09400-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"26 1","pages":"389 - 429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75832140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1007/s11525-022-09399-9
Sabine Arndt-Lappe, Robin Schrecklinger, F. Tomaschek
{"title":"Stratification effects without morphological strata, syllable counting effects without counts – modelling English stress assignment with Naive Discriminative Learning","authors":"Sabine Arndt-Lappe, Robin Schrecklinger, F. Tomaschek","doi":"10.1007/s11525-022-09399-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-022-09399-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"9 1","pages":"433 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90485776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work is devoted to the analysis of the role, significance and effectiveness of traditional and innovative teaching methods in the study of histology, cytology and embryology in a medical college. Years of experience have shown that the integration of innovative teaching methods into the existing traditional Russian model is optimal with all the positives that the national high school has accumulated, while the traditional model should be viewed not only as a reserve of conservatism, but as a fundamental basis for innovative transformations.
{"title":"The state and prospects of traditional and innovative methods in the teaching of histology, cytology and embryology in a medical university (debatable aspects)","authors":"N. Shevlyuk, А. А., Е. Б.","doi":"10.17816/morph.110837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110837","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the analysis of the role, significance and effectiveness of traditional and innovative teaching methods in the study of histology, cytology and embryology in a medical college. Years of experience have shown that the integration of innovative teaching methods into the existing traditional Russian model is optimal with all the positives that the national high school has accumulated, while the traditional model should be viewed not only as a reserve of conservatism, but as a fundamental basis for innovative transformations.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78484310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective - to study, the dynamics of catecholamine binding on erythrocytes when modeling the stimulation and blockade of adrenergic regulation mechanisms using the cytological method Material and methods. The number of catecholamine granules on erythrocytes was determined using silver nitrate impregnation under conditions of administration of anapriline -adrenergic receptor blocker (2 mg/kg), acute stress, activation of noradrenergic systems (maprotiline, 10 mg/kg) and a combination of these effects. Results. The number of catecholamine granules in intact animals is 145-155 pieces/40 erythrocytes. Medium-sized granules are more common (0.6-0.9 m). After the administration of a -adrenergic receptor blocker, the total number of catecholamine granules decreases 2.8 times due to large and medium-sized granules. Under conditions of acute stress, the total number of granules increases almost 2 times due to small granules, which may be a sign of sensitization of erythrocyte membranes to catecholamines. Stimulation of the noradrenergic system causes a 20% decrease in the number of catecholamine granules due to a decrease in the number of small and medium sized granules. Under stress against the background of activation of the noradrenergic system, the number of granules on erythrocytes is reduced, which may be a sign of adrenergic receptor desensitization. Conclusions. The number of catecholamine granules on erythrocytes decreases after the administration of a -adrenergic receptor blocker and increases during acute stress. Stimulation of the noradrenergic system is accompanied by a decrease in the binding of catecholamines, especially under conditions of acute stress, which indicates desensitization of erythrocyte adrenergic receptors. The cytological method is sensitive enough to observe the reception of catecholamines by erythrocytes when exposed to adrenergic structures.
{"title":"Morphological manifestations of the dynamics of catecholamines binding by erythrocytes during activation and blockade of adrenergic regulatory mechanisms","authors":"E. V. Kuryanova","doi":"10.17816/morph.110872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110872","url":null,"abstract":"Objective - to study, the dynamics of catecholamine binding on erythrocytes when modeling the stimulation and blockade of adrenergic regulation mechanisms using the cytological method \u0000Material and methods. The number of catecholamine granules on erythrocytes was determined using silver nitrate impregnation under conditions of administration of anapriline -adrenergic receptor blocker (2 mg/kg), acute stress, activation of noradrenergic systems (maprotiline, 10 mg/kg) and a combination of these effects. \u0000Results. The number of catecholamine granules in intact animals is 145-155 pieces/40 erythrocytes. Medium-sized granules are more common (0.6-0.9 m). After the administration of a -adrenergic receptor blocker, the total number of catecholamine granules decreases 2.8 times due to large and medium-sized granules. Under conditions of acute stress, the total number of granules increases almost 2 times due to small granules, which may be a sign of sensitization of erythrocyte membranes to catecholamines. Stimulation of the noradrenergic system causes a 20% decrease in the number of catecholamine granules due to a decrease in the number of small and medium sized granules. Under stress against the background of activation of the noradrenergic system, the number of granules on erythrocytes is reduced, which may be a sign of adrenergic receptor desensitization. \u0000Conclusions. The number of catecholamine granules on erythrocytes decreases after the administration of a -adrenergic receptor blocker and increases during acute stress. Stimulation of the noradrenergic system is accompanied by a decrease in the binding of catecholamines, especially under conditions of acute stress, which indicates desensitization of erythrocyte adrenergic receptors. The cytological method is sensitive enough to observe the reception of catecholamines by erythrocytes when exposed to adrenergic structures.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"48 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72462058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The review presents the latest literature describing the Central nucleus of the Amygdala complex of the brain (CE), which is an important link in the Central autonomic nervous network. It appears in the early stages of the evolution of the telencephalon. This determines its solid phylogenetic age and explains the heteromorphy, which is manifested by the presence of a number of subnucleus: medial, intermediate, lateral and latero-capsular. The article provides information about the features of cytoarchitectonics, neural organization of subnucleus and neuropeptides. Among the latter, special attention is paid to vasopressin and oxytocin in connection with the identified new way of innervation of the amygdala complex, which has at least two origins: 1. arising from a small population of neurons localized in the intra-amygdalar portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and 2.originating from hypothalamic neurosecretory nuclei. Afferent and efferent connections of CE are characterized. A large number of studies define the medial subnucleus as the center of integration of incoming information to the CE and the main channel for its exit from CE. At the same time, the main point where efferent connections of CE follow is the centers of the brain stem that control cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic and motor functions. Information is provided about the main functions, including the regulation of various forms of social behavior, eating behavior, and involvement in functional reinforcement systems. The results of genetic studies indicate that CE is a derivative of the striatal division of the lateral ganglionic eminence, in the formation of which the expression of the Dlx5 and Lmo4 genes.
本文综述了近年来有关大脑杏仁核复合体中央核(Central nucleus of Amygdala complex of brain, CE)的研究进展，它是中枢自主神经网络中的一个重要环节。它出现在端脑进化的早期阶段。这决定了它的系统发育年龄，并解释了异型性，这种异型性表现为许多亚核的存在:内侧、中间、外侧和后囊。本文介绍了细胞结构、亚核神经组织和神经肽的特点。其中，抗利尿激素和催产素与杏仁核复合体神经支配的新方式有关，其至少有两个起源:1。1 .起源于终末纹床核杏仁核内的一小群神经元;起源于下丘脑的神经分泌核。表征了CE的传入和传出连接。大量研究将内侧亚核定义为输入信息整合到CE的中心，以及信息从CE输出的主要通道。同时，CE的传出连接主要遵循控制心血管、呼吸、代谢和运动功能的脑干中枢。提供了关于主要功能的信息，包括调节各种形式的社会行为、饮食行为和参与功能强化系统。遗传学研究结果表明，CE是侧神经节隆起纹状体分裂的衍生物，其形成过程中表达了Dlx5和Lmo4基因。
{"title":"Structure, function and genoarchitectonics of the Central nucleus of the Brain’s Amygdala","authors":"A. Akhmadeev","doi":"10.17816/morph.110830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110830","url":null,"abstract":"The review presents the latest literature describing the Central nucleus of the Amygdala complex of the brain (CE), which is an important link in the Central autonomic nervous network. It appears in the early stages of the evolution of the telencephalon. This determines its solid phylogenetic age and explains the heteromorphy, which is manifested by the presence of a number of subnucleus: medial, intermediate, lateral and latero-capsular. The article provides information about the features of cytoarchitectonics, neural organization of subnucleus and neuropeptides. Among the latter, special attention is paid to vasopressin and oxytocin in connection with the identified new way of innervation of the amygdala complex, which has at least two origins: 1. arising from a small population of neurons localized in the intra-amygdalar portion of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and 2.originating from hypothalamic neurosecretory nuclei. Afferent and efferent connections of CE are characterized. A large number of studies define the medial subnucleus as the center of integration of incoming information to the CE and the main channel for its exit from CE. At the same time, the main point where efferent connections of CE follow is the centers of the brain stem that control cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic and motor functions. Information is provided about the main functions, including the regulation of various forms of social behavior, eating behavior, and involvement in functional reinforcement systems. The results of genetic studies indicate that CE is a derivative of the striatal division of the lateral ganglionic eminence, in the formation of which the expression of the Dlx5 and Lmo4 genes.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85844998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to identify the localization, percentage and morphometric characteristics of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS)-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the intramural ganglia of the myenteric (MP) and submucous plexus (SP) of the large intestine of rats of different age groups. Material and methods. The work was performed on Wistar rats aged 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 days and 2 years using immunohistochemical methods. Results. nNOS-IR neurons were found in the large intestine from the moment of birth and during the remaining age periods. In the intramural ganglia of the MP, the largest percentage of nNOS-IR neurons was detected in the newborn rat and decreased in ontogenesis up to 60 days of life, then did not change until senescence. In the SP, nNOS-IR neurons were also detected in the greatest number in newborns, in the next 20 days the percentage decreased significantly, nNOS-IR neurons were not detected in 30-day and two-month-old animals, but again appeared in large numbers in aged rats. The average cross-sectional area of nNOS-IR neurons increased in the MP from birth during the first two months of life. In the SP, the average size of nNOS-IR cells increased in the first 30 days of life and was significantly larger in aged rats compared with other ages. Conclusions. In early postnatal ontogenesis, there is a decrease in the expression of nNOS in neurons of the large intestine and a subsequent increase in aged rats.
{"title":"Age-related changes of neurons from the large intestine containing neuronal nitric oxide synthase","authors":"P. Masliukov, Дарья Аряева, Антонина Будник","doi":"10.17816/morph.110832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110832","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to identify the localization, percentage and morphometric characteristics of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS)-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the intramural ganglia of the myenteric (MP) and submucous plexus (SP) of the large intestine of rats of different age groups. \u0000Material and methods. The work was performed on Wistar rats aged 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 days and 2 years using immunohistochemical methods. \u0000Results. nNOS-IR neurons were found in the large intestine from the moment of birth and during the remaining age periods. In the intramural ganglia of the MP, the largest percentage of nNOS-IR neurons was detected in the newborn rat and decreased in ontogenesis up to 60 days of life, then did not change until senescence. In the SP, nNOS-IR neurons were also detected in the greatest number in newborns, in the next 20 days the percentage decreased significantly, nNOS-IR neurons were not detected in 30-day and two-month-old animals, but again appeared in large numbers in aged rats. The average cross-sectional area of nNOS-IR neurons increased in the MP from birth during the first two months of life. In the SP, the average size of nNOS-IR cells increased in the first 30 days of life and was significantly larger in aged rats compared with other ages. \u0000Conclusions. In early postnatal ontogenesis, there is a decrease in the expression of nNOS in neurons of the large intestine and a subsequent increase in aged rats.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76893670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background. Literature data on the effect of methionine on functional activity and, especially, on morphological changes in the thyroid gland are sporadic. This may be due to a number of reasons, such as: different ages of experimental animals; different dosage of methionine; different seasonality and duration of experiments. Aims: To investigate the morphological changes in the thyroid gland of rats of different ages after methionine administration. Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 48 Wistar male rats of 3 and 15 months of age. Experimental animals received methionine daily for 21 days at a dose of 250 mg / kg of body weight in addition to the standard diet. Histological preparations were made from the thyroid tissue according to the standard method. The gland morphometry was performed on digital images using the computer program Image J. Results. It was found that 21-day administration of methionine to rats of both 3 and 15 months of age led to a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the follicles and colloid, the accumulation index of colloid and the relative area of the conective tissue in the thyroid gland. But the follicular-colloid index, the number of resorption vacuoles in the colloid, and the number of interfollicular islets were increased. Morphological changes in the thyroid gland of 15-month-old experimental rats were manifested to a greater extent than in young animals. Conclusions. Thus, the influence of methionine increases the histomorphological signs of the synthetic activity of the thyroid gland in rats of different ages.
{"title":"Morphological changes in the thyroid gland of rats of different age after administration of methionine","authors":"R. Yanko, М Левашов","doi":"10.17816/morph.110838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110838","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Literature data on the effect of methionine on functional activity and, especially, on morphological changes in the thyroid gland are sporadic. This may be due to a number of reasons, such as: different ages of experimental animals; different dosage of methionine; different seasonality and duration of experiments. \u0000Aims: To investigate the morphological changes in the thyroid gland of rats of different ages after methionine administration. \u0000Material and methods. The experiments were performed on 48 Wistar male rats of 3 and 15 months of age. Experimental animals received methionine daily for 21 days at a dose of 250 mg / kg of body weight in addition to the standard diet. Histological preparations were made from the thyroid tissue according to the standard method. The gland morphometry was performed on digital images using the computer program Image J. \u0000Results. It was found that 21-day administration of methionine to rats of both 3 and 15 months of age led to a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the follicles and colloid, the accumulation index of colloid and the relative area of the conective tissue in the thyroid gland. But the follicular-colloid index, the number of resorption vacuoles in the colloid, and the number of interfollicular islets were increased. Morphological changes in the thyroid gland of 15-month-old experimental rats were manifested to a greater extent than in young animals. \u0000Conclusions. Thus, the influence of methionine increases the histomorphological signs of the synthetic activity of the thyroid gland in rats of different ages.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84284945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose the study of the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex of rats in normal and experimental poisoning with dioxin. Materials and methods. We studied the ultrastructure of the cells of the pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex of rats of the control and experimental groups that were chronic poisoned with small doses of dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin or TCDD). Morphometric analysis was carried out to determine the length of synaptic clefts, the number of synapses per unit area, the thickness of the myelin layer of the processes and the number of wrappers of myelin sheaths. Results. The pathology of neurons has been observed both at the optical and ultrastructural levels. It is characterized by a decrease in nuclei, cell death, thinning of myelin sheaths and demyelination. The dose of poisoning correlates with the degree of destruction of neurons: with an increase in the dose of dioxin, changes become more significant. The number of synaptic contacts decreases but there is a significant increase in their average length. Conclusions. The processes of demyelination, impaired cellular respiration and destruction of synaptic contacts indicate the ability of dioxin to indirectly cause accelerated aging of neurons and their death (apoptosis).
{"title":"Ultrastructure of rat cerebral cortex cells in normal and experimental dioxin poisoning","authors":"M. Salnikova, V. Саитов, А. Яковлева, А. Голубев","doi":"10.17816/morph.110834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.110834","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose the study of the ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex of rats in normal and experimental poisoning with dioxin. \u0000Materials and methods. We studied the ultrastructure of the cells of the pyramidal layer of the cerebral cortex of rats of the control and experimental groups that were chronic poisoned with small doses of dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin or TCDD). Morphometric analysis was carried out to determine the length of synaptic clefts, the number of synapses per unit area, the thickness of the myelin layer of the processes and the number of wrappers of myelin sheaths. \u0000Results. The pathology of neurons has been observed both at the optical and ultrastructural levels. It is characterized by a decrease in nuclei, cell death, thinning of myelin sheaths and demyelination. The dose of poisoning correlates with the degree of destruction of neurons: with an increase in the dose of dioxin, changes become more significant. The number of synaptic contacts decreases but there is a significant increase in their average length. \u0000Conclusions. The processes of demyelination, impaired cellular respiration and destruction of synaptic contacts indicate the ability of dioxin to indirectly cause accelerated aging of neurons and their death (apoptosis).","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73910148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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