Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.1007/s11525-023-09408-5
Yasmin Shalhoub-Awwad, Ravit Cohen-Mimran
It is well known that learning to spell is a complex and challenging process, especially for young learners, in part because it relies on multiple aspects of linguistic knowledge, such as phonology and morphology. The present longitudinal study investigated the role of morphology in early spelling in two Semitic languages, Hebrew and Arabic, that are structurally similar but differ in the phonological consistency of phoneme to letter mappings ("backward consistency"). Whereas Arabic mappings are mostly one-to-one - allowing children to rely mainly on phonology to spell words correctly, Hebrew has numerous one-to-many phoneme-to-letter mappings that are governed by morphological considerations, thereby precluding a purely phonological spelling strategy. We, therefore, predicted that morphology would make a more substantial contribution to early Hebrew spelling than to Arabic spelling. We tested this prediction in a longitudinal study of two large parallel samples (Arabic, N = 960; Hebrew, N = 680). We assessed general non-verbal ability, morphological awareness (MA), and phonological awareness (PA) in late Kindergarten and spelling in the middle of the first grade with a spelling-to-dictation task. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for age, general intelligence, and phonological awareness, morphological awareness contributed a significant additional 6% variance to Hebrew spelling but only 1% to Arabic word spelling. The results are discussed within the framework of the Functional Opacity Hypothesis (Share, 2008), which we extend to spelling.
{"title":"On the role of morphology in early spelling in Hebrew and Arabic.","authors":"Yasmin Shalhoub-Awwad, Ravit Cohen-Mimran","doi":"10.1007/s11525-023-09408-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11525-023-09408-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well known that learning to spell is a complex and challenging process, especially for young learners, in part because it relies on multiple aspects of linguistic knowledge, such as phonology and morphology. The present longitudinal study investigated the role of morphology in early spelling in two Semitic languages, Hebrew and Arabic, that are structurally similar but differ in the phonological consistency of phoneme to letter mappings (\"backward consistency\"). Whereas Arabic mappings are mostly one-to-one - allowing children to rely mainly on phonology to spell words correctly, Hebrew has numerous one-to-many phoneme-to-letter mappings that are governed by morphological considerations, thereby precluding a purely phonological spelling strategy. We, therefore, predicted that morphology would make a more substantial contribution to early Hebrew spelling than to Arabic spelling. We tested this prediction in a longitudinal study of two large parallel samples (Arabic, N = 960; Hebrew, N = 680). We assessed general non-verbal ability, morphological awareness (MA), and phonological awareness (PA) in late Kindergarten and spelling in the middle of the first grade with a spelling-to-dictation task. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that after controlling for age, general intelligence, and phonological awareness, morphological awareness contributed a significant additional 6% variance to Hebrew spelling but only 1% to Arabic word spelling. The results are discussed within the framework of the Functional Opacity Hypothesis (Share, 2008), which we extend to spelling.</p>","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10226023/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10074757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-29DOI: 10.1007/s11525-023-09407-6
Carlotta J. Hübener
{"title":"The morphologization of German noun-participle combinations. A diachronic case study","authors":"Carlotta J. Hübener","doi":"10.1007/s11525-023-09407-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-023-09407-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"13 1","pages":"189 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83819564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.1007/s11525-023-09409-4
Si Berrebi, Outi Bat-El, A. Meltzer-Asscher
{"title":"The roots of consonant bias in semitic languages: a critical review of psycholinguistic studies of languages with non-concatenative morphology","authors":"Si Berrebi, Outi Bat-El, A. Meltzer-Asscher","doi":"10.1007/s11525-023-09409-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-023-09409-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"31 1","pages":"225 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85055366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valeria V. Guselnikova, Valeria S. Pavlova, V. Razenkova, O. V. Kirik, D. Korzhevskii
BACKGROUND: Resident macrophages of the myocardium are necessary for the normal development and functioning of the cardiovascular system and play an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of cardiovascular diseases. AIM: To develop a universal methodological approach for the immunohistochemical identification of macrophages in the human and rat myocardium. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the study, samples of the myocardium of people of both sexes aged from 28 to 52 years (n=7) and Wistar female rats (at the age of 15 months, (n=5)) were used. The work was performed using immunohistochemical staining method. RESULTS: The possibility of using polyclonal antibodies against the calcium-binding protein Iba1, which is a well-known microglial marker marker, for the detection of macrophages in the myocardium was shown. An optimal drug processing protocol was developed, the use of which makes it possible to equally effectively detect macrophages in the human and rat myocardium using only one antibody variant. CONCLUSION: A universal methodological approach has been proposed for the identification of macrophages in the human and rat myocardium, which can be successfully used in scientific and clinical diagnostic studies.
{"title":"Detection of macrophages in human and rat heart using a single antibody variant","authors":"Valeria V. Guselnikova, Valeria S. Pavlova, V. Razenkova, O. V. Kirik, D. Korzhevskii","doi":"10.17816/morph.200003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.200003","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Resident macrophages of the myocardium are necessary for the normal development and functioning of the cardiovascular system and play an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of cardiovascular diseases. \u0000AIM: To develop a universal methodological approach for the immunohistochemical identification of macrophages in the human and rat myocardium. \u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the study, samples of the myocardium of people of both sexes aged from 28 to 52 years (n=7) and Wistar female rats (at the age of 15 months, (n=5)) were used. The work was performed using immunohistochemical staining method. \u0000RESULTS: The possibility of using polyclonal antibodies against the calcium-binding protein Iba1, which is a well-known microglial marker marker, for the detection of macrophages in the myocardium was shown. An optimal drug processing protocol was developed, the use of which makes it possible to equally effectively detect macrophages in the human and rat myocardium using only one antibody variant. \u0000CONCLUSION: A universal methodological approach has been proposed for the identification of macrophages in the human and rat myocardium, which can be successfully used in scientific and clinical diagnostic studies.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82463693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1007/s11525-023-09406-7
Borja Herce
{"title":"Morphological autonomy and the long-term vitality of morphomes: stem-final consonant loss in Romance verbs and paradigmatic analogy","authors":"Borja Herce","doi":"10.1007/s11525-023-09406-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-023-09406-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"20 1","pages":"153-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90343665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.1007/s11525-023-09405-8
Sven Kotowski
{"title":"Modeling locative prefix semantics. A formal account of the English verbal prefix out-","authors":"Sven Kotowski","doi":"10.1007/s11525-023-09405-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11525-023-09405-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"7 1","pages":"115-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86564335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim. Using histological and morphometric methods to assess the state of the ovaries of rats with absence epilepsy. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on mature female Wistar and WAG/Rij rats (genetic model of human absence epilepsy). Animal ovaries were fixed in neutral buffered 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin according to the standard procedure. Sections obtained on a microtome were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results. When studying the morphological picture of the ovaries, destruction of the cortical and medulla of the ovary of WAG/Rij rats was found. It was noted that the layer of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte has a looser structure. The observed changes in the follicular epithelium were probably accompanied by impaired functional activity. Morphometric analysis showed that in WAG/Rij rats the weight of the ovaries is almost 2 times less than in Wistar rats: 37.30.93 mg versus 55.842.36 mg. In addition, there are differences in the thickness of the epithelial layer - 7.810.25 m, which is 26.2% less than in Wistar rats (p0.05). This indicates possible morphological and functional disorders. In the ovaries of WAG/Rij rats, we noted that the layer of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte has a looser structure. Sometimes destructive changes in follicular epithelium and apoptotic death of granulosa cells were observed, which was accompanied by impaired functional activity. When studying ovarian follicles, it was revealed that in WAG/Rij rats the follicles were irregular in shape, their diameter and area were smaller than in Wistar females. In addition, the numerical density of all types of follicles was lower, which indicates a violation of ovulation processes. Conclusions. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that rats with absence epilepsy exhibit structural and quantitative changes in the ovaries, which indicates certain disorders of the reproductive system.
{"title":"THE ANALYSIS OF HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES AND MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF THE OVARIES IN ABSENСE EPILEPSY","authors":"I. Sadrtdinova, Z. Khismatullina","doi":"10.17816/morph.119879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.119879","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Using histological and morphometric methods to assess the state of the ovaries of rats with absence epilepsy. \u0000Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on mature female Wistar and WAG/Rij rats (genetic model of human absence epilepsy). Animal ovaries were fixed in neutral buffered 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin according to the standard procedure. Sections obtained on a microtome were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. \u0000Results. When studying the morphological picture of the ovaries, destruction of the cortical and medulla of the ovary of WAG/Rij rats was found. It was noted that the layer of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte has a looser structure. The observed changes in the follicular epithelium were probably accompanied by impaired functional activity. Morphometric analysis showed that in WAG/Rij rats the weight of the ovaries is almost 2 times less than in Wistar rats: 37.30.93 mg versus 55.842.36 mg. In addition, there are differences in the thickness of the epithelial layer - 7.810.25 m, which is 26.2% less than in Wistar rats (p0.05). This indicates possible morphological and functional disorders. In the ovaries of WAG/Rij rats, we noted that the layer of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte has a looser structure. Sometimes destructive changes in follicular epithelium and apoptotic death of granulosa cells were observed, which was accompanied by impaired functional activity. When studying ovarian follicles, it was revealed that in WAG/Rij rats the follicles were irregular in shape, their diameter and area were smaller than in Wistar females. In addition, the numerical density of all types of follicles was lower, which indicates a violation of ovulation processes. Conclusions. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that rats with absence epilepsy exhibit structural and quantitative changes in the ovaries, which indicates certain disorders of the reproductive system.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91134782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
December 26, 2022 marked the 60th anniversary of the famous anatomist and anthropologist Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nikityuk D.B., President of the Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists of Russia. The article describes the stages of the scientific path of D.B. Nikityuk in the field of morphological exocrinology, devoted to the functional morphology of the glands of the mucous membranes, which made it possible to describe and prove the patterns of morphogenesis of these anatomical formations, in the field of using anatomical and anthropometric approaches to assess the nutritional status of a healthy and sick person, which is especially important for identifying a constitutional predisposition to the development of a number of alimentary-dependent diseases.
{"title":"To the 60th anniversary of Dmitry Borisovich Nikityuk","authors":"N. Alexeeva, S. V. Klochkova","doi":"10.17816/morph.134121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.134121","url":null,"abstract":"December 26, 2022 marked the 60th anniversary of the famous anatomist and anthropologist Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Nikityuk D.B., President of the Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists of Russia. The article describes the stages of the scientific path of D.B. Nikityuk in the field of morphological exocrinology, devoted to the functional morphology of the glands of the mucous membranes, which made it possible to describe and prove the patterns of morphogenesis of these anatomical formations, in the field of using anatomical and anthropometric approaches to assess the nutritional status of a healthy and sick person, which is especially important for identifying a constitutional predisposition to the development of a number of alimentary-dependent diseases.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82795491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Functional neurohistology is a field of morphological studies that uses histological methods to assess the structural basis of the functions of nervous system, nervous tissue and nerve cells, their functional potential, and to determine the morphological equivalent of their functions. The review describes the methodological approaches and methods used to assess the functional state of nerve cells in normal and pathological conditions. The advantages and necessity of using a complex of neurohistological methods for a more complete assessment of the state of neurons are substantiated. Key words: functional neurohistology, methods, morphofunctional relationships, morphological equivalent of functions.
{"title":"Methods of functional neurohistology and their practical application","authors":"S. Zimatkin","doi":"10.17816/morph.121879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/morph.121879","url":null,"abstract":"Functional neurohistology is a field of morphological studies that uses histological methods to assess the structural basis of the functions of nervous system, nervous tissue and nerve cells, their functional potential, and to determine the morphological equivalent of their functions. \u0000The review describes the methodological approaches and methods used to assess the functional state of nerve cells in normal and pathological conditions. The advantages and necessity of using a complex of neurohistological methods for a more complete assessment of the state of neurons are substantiated. \u0000Key words: functional neurohistology, methods, morphofunctional relationships, morphological equivalent of functions.","PeriodicalId":74228,"journal":{"name":"Morphology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76598126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号