Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00341-w
Caitlin E. V. Mahy, Yuko Munakata, Akira Miyake
Procrastination is a prevalent form of self-regulatory failure familiar to most people. Although many consider procrastination innocuous as long as the deadline is met, it is associated with negative consequences in various life domains. Thus, it is important to understand why people procrastinate, what factors contribute to procrastination and what can be done to reduce procrastination. Most research on these topics has been conducted with adults, and the few developmental studies have been conducted independently from adult procrastination research. In this Review, we seek to bring these disparate lines of research into closer alignment and point out their mutual implications. Specifically, we discuss how studying procrastination developmentally highlights a need to reconsider a highly restrictive definition of procrastination dominant in adult research. We also suggest future directions for both adult and developmental research, including measurement, theoretical development and interventions. Procrastination is often viewed as innocuous as long as deadlines are met but it is associated with negative life outcomes. In this Review, Mahy et al. bring together procrastination research in adults and children and explore their mutual implications for measurement, theory and interventions.
{"title":"Mutual implications of procrastination research in adults and children for theory and intervention","authors":"Caitlin E. V. Mahy, Yuko Munakata, Akira Miyake","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00341-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00341-w","url":null,"abstract":"Procrastination is a prevalent form of self-regulatory failure familiar to most people. Although many consider procrastination innocuous as long as the deadline is met, it is associated with negative consequences in various life domains. Thus, it is important to understand why people procrastinate, what factors contribute to procrastination and what can be done to reduce procrastination. Most research on these topics has been conducted with adults, and the few developmental studies have been conducted independently from adult procrastination research. In this Review, we seek to bring these disparate lines of research into closer alignment and point out their mutual implications. Specifically, we discuss how studying procrastination developmentally highlights a need to reconsider a highly restrictive definition of procrastination dominant in adult research. We also suggest future directions for both adult and developmental research, including measurement, theoretical development and interventions. Procrastination is often viewed as innocuous as long as deadlines are met but it is associated with negative life outcomes. In this Review, Mahy et al. bring together procrastination research in adults and children and explore their mutual implications for measurement, theory and interventions.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 9","pages":"589-605"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141869890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-22DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00336-7
John Paul Minda, Casey L. Roark, Priya Kalra, Anthony Cruz
Learning to classify the world into categories is fundamental to human cognition. Some categorizations seem to be made explicitly based on rules whereas other categorizations seem to be made implicitly based on similarity. Several theories posit either that multiple learning systems are involved in categorization or that categorization is carried out by a single learning system. The multiple-system approach assumes that people learn new categories via an explicit verbal system and an implicit procedural system. The single-system approach assumes that categories are learned by a single cognitive system that relies on stimulus similarity and selective attention. In this Review, we first provide an overview of the primary theories and models in the field of categorization and highlight the assumptions and operating characteristics of each. We then discuss evidence from cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, computational modelling and comparative psychology to determine which approach is best supported. We conclude that the debate between a multiple-system theory and a single-system approach has not yet been resolved and suggest avenues for future research to create a robust theory that accounts for category learning beyond the laboratory and beyond the confines of the classification learning paradigm. Classifying the world into categories is fundamental to human cognition. In this Review, Minda et al. highlight the assumptions and operating characteristics of theories positing multiple versus single category learning systems and detail evidence for each approach.
{"title":"Single and multiple systems in categorization and category learning","authors":"John Paul Minda, Casey L. Roark, Priya Kalra, Anthony Cruz","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00336-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00336-7","url":null,"abstract":"Learning to classify the world into categories is fundamental to human cognition. Some categorizations seem to be made explicitly based on rules whereas other categorizations seem to be made implicitly based on similarity. Several theories posit either that multiple learning systems are involved in categorization or that categorization is carried out by a single learning system. The multiple-system approach assumes that people learn new categories via an explicit verbal system and an implicit procedural system. The single-system approach assumes that categories are learned by a single cognitive system that relies on stimulus similarity and selective attention. In this Review, we first provide an overview of the primary theories and models in the field of categorization and highlight the assumptions and operating characteristics of each. We then discuss evidence from cognitive psychology, cognitive neuroscience, computational modelling and comparative psychology to determine which approach is best supported. We conclude that the debate between a multiple-system theory and a single-system approach has not yet been resolved and suggest avenues for future research to create a robust theory that accounts for category learning beyond the laboratory and beyond the confines of the classification learning paradigm. Classifying the world into categories is fundamental to human cognition. In this Review, Minda et al. highlight the assumptions and operating characteristics of theories positing multiple versus single category learning systems and detail evidence for each approach.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 8","pages":"536-551"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00343-8
Lauren Jenner, Joanna Moss
People with intellectual disability are underrepresented and often actively excluded from autism research. A better understanding of autism requires inclusive research approaches that accurately represent the broad heterogeneity of the autistic population.
{"title":"The exclusively inclusive landscape of autism research","authors":"Lauren Jenner, Joanna Moss","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00343-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00343-8","url":null,"abstract":"People with intellectual disability are underrepresented and often actively excluded from autism research. A better understanding of autism requires inclusive research approaches that accurately represent the broad heterogeneity of the autistic population.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 9","pages":"570-572"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00344-7
Teresa Schubert
Nature Reviews Psychology is interviewing individuals with doctoral degrees in psychology who pursued non-academic careers. We spoke with Lucy Erickson about her journey from a postdoctoral fellow to a user experience researcher.
{"title":"From the lab to a career in user experience","authors":"Teresa Schubert","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00344-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00344-7","url":null,"abstract":"Nature Reviews Psychology is interviewing individuals with doctoral degrees in psychology who pursued non-academic careers. We spoke with Lucy Erickson about her journey from a postdoctoral fellow to a user experience researcher.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 8","pages":"503-504"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141737642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00337-6
Cross-cultural and interdisciplinary work is needed to advance understanding of naturalistic human behaviour. Exemplifying this approach, two Reviews in Nature Reviews Psychology consider how perception of and responses to music diverge and align across the world.
{"title":"Exploring music across cultures","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00337-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00337-6","url":null,"abstract":"Cross-cultural and interdisciplinary work is needed to advance understanding of naturalistic human behaviour. Exemplifying this approach, two Reviews in Nature Reviews Psychology consider how perception of and responses to music diverge and align across the world.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 7","pages":"439-440"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-024-00337-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00334-9
Imogen H. Bell, Roos Pot-Kolder, Albert Rizzo, Mar Rus-Calafell, Valentina Cardi, Matteo Cella, Thomas Ward, Simon Riches, Martin Reinoso, Andrew Thompson, Mario Alvarez-Jimenez, Lucia Valmaggia
Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool in the field of mental health. Central to this technology are immersive environments, which enable exposure to highly controlled virtual experiences that feel real. In this Review, we elaborate on the active elements of immersive experiences and how VR-based treatments work. We provide an overview of developments in the use of VR to treat mental health conditions (anxiety, psychotic symptoms, post-traumatic stress, eating disorders, depression and stress management) with a focus on the core mechanisms that drive effective interventions. Artificial intelligence, biofeedback and gamification are emerging areas of development, and we discuss how they might enhance the accessibility, engagement and effectiveness of psychological treatments. Conducting rigorous studies with user-centred designs in diverse populations is a key research priority. As the use of VR in mental health continues to evolve, addressing ethical and implementation considerations is critical for ensuring ongoing treatment improvements. Virtual reality (VR) enables highly controlled exposure to environments that feel real, which can substantially improve mental health treatments. In this Review, Bell and colleagues describe current VR-based treatments and discuss technological and psychological tools that might promote enhanced immersive experiences.
{"title":"Advances in the use of virtual reality to treat mental health conditions","authors":"Imogen H. Bell, Roos Pot-Kolder, Albert Rizzo, Mar Rus-Calafell, Valentina Cardi, Matteo Cella, Thomas Ward, Simon Riches, Martin Reinoso, Andrew Thompson, Mario Alvarez-Jimenez, Lucia Valmaggia","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00334-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00334-9","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool in the field of mental health. Central to this technology are immersive environments, which enable exposure to highly controlled virtual experiences that feel real. In this Review, we elaborate on the active elements of immersive experiences and how VR-based treatments work. We provide an overview of developments in the use of VR to treat mental health conditions (anxiety, psychotic symptoms, post-traumatic stress, eating disorders, depression and stress management) with a focus on the core mechanisms that drive effective interventions. Artificial intelligence, biofeedback and gamification are emerging areas of development, and we discuss how they might enhance the accessibility, engagement and effectiveness of psychological treatments. Conducting rigorous studies with user-centred designs in diverse populations is a key research priority. As the use of VR in mental health continues to evolve, addressing ethical and implementation considerations is critical for ensuring ongoing treatment improvements. Virtual reality (VR) enables highly controlled exposure to environments that feel real, which can substantially improve mental health treatments. In this Review, Bell and colleagues describe current VR-based treatments and discuss technological and psychological tools that might promote enhanced immersive experiences.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 8","pages":"552-567"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141584599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00342-9
Andrew R. Todd, Diana I. Tamir
{"title":"Author Correction: Factors that amplify and attenuate egocentric mentalizing","authors":"Andrew R. Todd, Diana I. Tamir","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00342-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00342-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 8","pages":"568-568"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-024-00342-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1038/s44159-024-00339-4
Christopher L. Dancy
Researchers in the psychological sciences can use generative AI systems for tasks such as generating simulated data and new stimuli and for gaining insights into data. Responsible use of these AI systems requires consideration of how sociocultural systems such as racism are embedded in their development and training.
{"title":"How to use generative AI more responsibly","authors":"Christopher L. Dancy","doi":"10.1038/s44159-024-00339-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s44159-024-00339-4","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers in the psychological sciences can use generative AI systems for tasks such as generating simulated data and new stimuli and for gaining insights into data. Responsible use of these AI systems requires consideration of how sociocultural systems such as racism are embedded in their development and training.","PeriodicalId":74249,"journal":{"name":"Nature reviews psychology","volume":"3 8","pages":"501-502"},"PeriodicalIF":16.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141549376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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