Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1180088
H. Kara
The total concentration of elements in the Inci stream sediments on the drainage network of chromite deposits was determined to evaluate the level of contamination by natural background, the average of ultramafic and mafic rocks in this study. The average concentration shows that toxic heavy metals originated from mineraliszing in the Inci stream sediments that have a controlling influence on accumulation and transportation both lithologically and anthropogenically. The metal enrichment factors of Pb, As, Ni, Sr, and Ba, and geoaccumulation factor values (Igeo) of Pb, As, Sr, Ba, and Rb indicated that these values are higher than background values and heavily contaminated. The highest metal concentrations and assessments of contaminants were obtained from ultramafic rock normalization. Enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), and Igeo values indicate that primary ore metals are represented by Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Cr. Cr's enrichment factor (EF) is moderate contamination due to the high Cr concentration in the host rock. However, Cr is extremely contaminated according to the Earth's average in the stream sediments around the chromites deposit. The calculated Cu, Ni, and Cr threshold values are higher than the probable effect level (PEL) and threshold effect level (TEL). That is why these regions should be evaluated for relationships between human health and geochemistry in further multidisciplinary studies and considered important in terms of potential Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn mineralization.
{"title":"Guleman Kromit Yatağı Çevresindeki İnci Çayı Sedimentlerindeki Metal Kirliliğinin Temel Değer ve Ortalama Yerkabuğu Değerleri Tarafından Değerlendirilmesi (Alacakaya-Elazığ), Türkiye","authors":"H. Kara","doi":"10.35414/akufemubid.1180088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1180088","url":null,"abstract":"The total concentration of elements in the Inci stream sediments on the drainage network of chromite deposits was determined to evaluate the level of contamination by natural background, the average of ultramafic and mafic rocks in this study. The average concentration shows that toxic heavy metals originated from mineraliszing in the Inci stream sediments that have a controlling influence on accumulation and transportation both lithologically and anthropogenically. The metal enrichment factors of Pb, As, Ni, Sr, and Ba, and geoaccumulation factor values (Igeo) of Pb, As, Sr, Ba, and Rb indicated that these values are higher than background values and heavily contaminated. The highest metal concentrations and assessments of contaminants were obtained from ultramafic rock normalization. Enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), and Igeo values indicate that primary ore metals are represented by Pb, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Cr. Cr's enrichment factor (EF) is moderate contamination due to the high Cr concentration in the host rock. However, Cr is extremely contaminated according to the Earth's average in the stream sediments around the chromites deposit. The calculated Cu, Ni, and Cr threshold values are higher than the probable effect level (PEL) and threshold effect level (TEL). That is why these regions should be evaluated for relationships between human health and geochemistry in further multidisciplinary studies and considered important in terms of potential Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn mineralization.","PeriodicalId":7433,"journal":{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering","volume":"56 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77396489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1237445
Songül Şahi̇n, Necmi Dege
In this study, the synthesis and characterization of a new Schiff base molecule, (E)-1-(5-nitro-2-(piperidin-1-yl) phenyl)-N-(4-phenoxyphenyl) methanimine, were aimed. In addition, the molecular surface area, crystalline structure, intermolecular forces, electronic and spectroscopic properties of the molecule were investigated. Docking studies were also performed on the active sites of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, and the docking result was compared with the efficacy of the native ligand N3 inhibitor. The main findings for the title molecule can be summarized as follows: The space group is P-1 and it crystallizes in the triclinic system. The unit cell consists of two monomeric units (Z=2). There are strong electrophilic attack sites in the molecule, but nucleophilic centers have low efficiency. According to the FMO analysis, the title compound is a soft, kinetically and chemically unstable and highly reactive material. The value of the binding free energy calculated by docking experiments (-9.28 kcal mol-1) is lower than that of the native inhibitor (-7.11 kcal/mol) and thus can be considered as a potential inhibitor candidate for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.
{"title":"Yeni Bir Schiff Bazı Molekülüne in Siliko Tıbbi ve Hesaplamalı Yöntemlerle Bir Bakış","authors":"Songül Şahi̇n, Necmi Dege","doi":"10.35414/akufemubid.1237445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1237445","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the synthesis and characterization of a new Schiff base molecule, (E)-1-(5-nitro-2-(piperidin-1-yl) phenyl)-N-(4-phenoxyphenyl) methanimine, were aimed. In addition, the molecular surface area, crystalline structure, intermolecular forces, electronic and spectroscopic properties of the molecule were investigated. Docking studies were also performed on the active sites of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, and the docking result was compared with the efficacy of the native ligand N3 inhibitor. The main findings for the title molecule can be summarized as follows: The space group is P-1 and it crystallizes in the triclinic system. The unit cell consists of two monomeric units (Z=2). There are strong electrophilic attack sites in the molecule, but nucleophilic centers have low efficiency. According to the FMO analysis, the title compound is a soft, kinetically and chemically unstable and highly reactive material. The value of the binding free energy calculated by docking experiments (-9.28 kcal mol-1) is lower than that of the native inhibitor (-7.11 kcal/mol) and thus can be considered as a potential inhibitor candidate for the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":7433,"journal":{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78100326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1247090
Gülcihan GÜZEL KAYA, H. Deveci
With the advantages of their self-healing, stimuli-response ability, water sorption capacity and shape memory, hydrogels have been commonly utilized. However, new strategies have been developed to enhance mechanical and thermal properties of hydrogels in addition to increase their water sorption. In this study, stimuli-responsive acrylamide/sodium methacrylate based hydrogels were synthesized with the optimization of sodium methacrylate amount by free radical polymerization. With the incorporation of optimum amount of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) into the hydrogel network, semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels were prepared. With the addition of kaolin, swelling properties of the semi-IPN composite hydrogels were investigated in water under the effect of different pH and temperature. Maximum swelling percent of the semi-IPN composite hydrogels was determined as 24214% at pH 7 and 25 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed that hydrogel samples were successfully synthesized. Morphological structure of hydrogel samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Both of the water motion through the hydrogel layered structure and water diffusion into the pores made the semi-IPN composite hydrogel more swollen material compared to the acrylamide/sodium methacrylate based hydrogel.
{"title":"Characterization of Stimuli-Responsive Acrylamide/Sodium Methacrylate/Kaolin Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network Composite Hydrogels","authors":"Gülcihan GÜZEL KAYA, H. Deveci","doi":"10.35414/akufemubid.1247090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1247090","url":null,"abstract":"With the advantages of their self-healing, stimuli-response ability, water sorption capacity and shape memory, hydrogels have been commonly utilized. However, new strategies have been developed to enhance mechanical and thermal properties of hydrogels in addition to increase their water sorption. In this study, stimuli-responsive acrylamide/sodium methacrylate based hydrogels were synthesized with the optimization of sodium methacrylate amount by free radical polymerization. With the incorporation of optimum amount of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) into the hydrogel network, semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) hydrogels were prepared. With the addition of kaolin, swelling properties of the semi-IPN composite hydrogels were investigated in water under the effect of different pH and temperature. Maximum swelling percent of the semi-IPN composite hydrogels was determined as 24214% at pH 7 and 25 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed that hydrogel samples were successfully synthesized. Morphological structure of hydrogel samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Both of the water motion through the hydrogel layered structure and water diffusion into the pores made the semi-IPN composite hydrogel more swollen material compared to the acrylamide/sodium methacrylate based hydrogel.","PeriodicalId":7433,"journal":{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85439257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1175101
F. Kahriman
In high-temperature applications, ferrous-based materials are important due to their excellent combination of desirable mechanical properties, ease of production, corrosion resistance at room temperature and cost-effectiveness. However, mechanical properties must be optimized against environmental effects. Depending on the industrial applications, various corrosion types may also occur. An approach to preserve the mechanical properties of the structural alloy being protected against corrosion is the application of protective coatings to the surfaces. Diffusion coatings are an effective method to obtain corrosion, oxidation and abrasion resistance against detrimental conditions of high temperature. According to the literature, the halide activated pack cementation method has been widely used for ferrous-based materials for a long time. However, most studies concerned with developing coating applications are based on experimental investigations that include microscopic, chemical, and mechanical analyses. Limited studies have been conducted based on computational alloy approaches. In this study, Cr coating of the AISI 316L steel by halide activated pack cementation method was considered as a diffusional problem and the kinetics of the coating deposition process were examined. The effect of process variables such as temperature, time and the compositions of coating layers formed on the surfaces were investigated thermodynamically with Thermo-Calc software and kinetically with DICTRA module. This approach provides insight into the dependence of solid-state diffusions on the processing parameters, and a better understanding of the phases that form along the coating and substrate material.
{"title":"Modeling of Surface Modification of Stainless Steel by Halide Activated Pack Cementation Method","authors":"F. Kahriman","doi":"10.35414/akufemubid.1175101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1175101","url":null,"abstract":"In high-temperature applications, ferrous-based materials are important due to their excellent combination of desirable mechanical properties, ease of production, corrosion resistance at room temperature and cost-effectiveness. However, mechanical properties must be optimized against environmental effects. Depending on the industrial applications, various corrosion types may also occur. An approach to preserve the mechanical properties of the structural alloy being protected against corrosion is the application of protective coatings to the surfaces. Diffusion coatings are an effective method to obtain corrosion, oxidation and abrasion resistance against detrimental conditions of high temperature. According to the literature, the halide activated pack cementation method has been widely used for ferrous-based materials for a long time. However, most studies concerned with developing coating applications are based on experimental investigations that include microscopic, chemical, and mechanical analyses. Limited studies have been conducted based on computational alloy approaches. In this study, Cr coating of the AISI 316L steel by halide activated pack cementation method was considered as a diffusional problem and the kinetics of the coating deposition process were examined. The effect of process variables such as temperature, time and the compositions of coating layers formed on the surfaces were investigated thermodynamically with Thermo-Calc software and kinetically with DICTRA module. This approach provides insight into the dependence of solid-state diffusions on the processing parameters, and a better understanding of the phases that form along the coating and substrate material.","PeriodicalId":7433,"journal":{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84969932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1261675
E. Öksüztepe
Son yıllarda ulaşım araçlarında elektrik makinaların hem itki hem de generatör olarak kullanılması gittikçe yaygınlaşmaktadır. Ulaşım aracının özel gereksinimleri ve çalışma şartları hangi elektrik makinasının kullanılmasının uygun olacağını belirlemektedir. Zorlu çalışma şartlarında, kullanılan elektrik makinasının performans analizi gerçek ortam yerine bilgisayar ortamında gerçekleştirilmesi prototip imalat giderlerinin azaltılması bakımından gereklidir. Bu çalışmada zorlu çalışma şartlarının olduğu ulaşım araçlarında hata toleransı yüksek olması, basit yapı ve yüksek verime sahip olması nedeniyle Anahtarlamalı Relüktans Makina ele alınmış ve fiziksel modeli Matlab Simscape Toolbox’da modellenmiştir. Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi’den elde edilen veriler kullanılarak modellenen makina hem motor hem de generatör olarak kontrol edilmiş ve performans analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Benzetim sonuçları ile önerilen yöntemin doğruluğu ispatlanmıştır.
{"title":"Physical Model and Performance Analysis of Switched Reluctance Machine","authors":"E. Öksüztepe","doi":"10.35414/akufemubid.1261675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1261675","url":null,"abstract":"Son yıllarda ulaşım araçlarında elektrik makinaların hem itki hem de generatör olarak kullanılması gittikçe yaygınlaşmaktadır. Ulaşım aracının özel gereksinimleri ve çalışma şartları hangi elektrik makinasının kullanılmasının uygun olacağını belirlemektedir. Zorlu çalışma şartlarında, kullanılan elektrik makinasının performans analizi gerçek ortam yerine bilgisayar ortamında gerçekleştirilmesi prototip imalat giderlerinin azaltılması bakımından gereklidir. Bu çalışmada zorlu çalışma şartlarının olduğu ulaşım araçlarında hata toleransı yüksek olması, basit yapı ve yüksek verime sahip olması nedeniyle Anahtarlamalı Relüktans Makina ele alınmış ve fiziksel modeli Matlab Simscape Toolbox’da modellenmiştir. Sonlu Elemanlar Analizi’den elde edilen veriler kullanılarak modellenen makina hem motor hem de generatör olarak kontrol edilmiş ve performans analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Benzetim sonuçları ile önerilen yöntemin doğruluğu ispatlanmıştır.","PeriodicalId":7433,"journal":{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88022864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1229833
Gamze Akyüz, Şükran Yalpir, E. Ertunç
The interaction of agricultural activities with the land starts with soil in the production part and continues until the consumption stage. Sustainable agricultural land for their use, a database regarding their current potential should be created and the land prepared based on this database should be evaluated by considering the use planning. The suitability of Ankara province lands for agricultural use by making use of the Geographical Information System analysis was carried out. To determine the suitability for agricultural use; Major Soil Groups, Land Use Capability Classes, soil depth, degree of erosion, elevation, slope, aspect, precipitation, and temperature criteria were used. This was done with the Best-Worst method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making approaches. It was ensured that the best and worst of the nine factors were determined by the decision makers. In the last layer, because of the analyzes made for the province of Ankara, the most appropriate land use map was created based on the natural abilities and capabilities of the lands. It has been determined that the most affecting criterion is Large Soil Groups, and Ankara's Kızılcahamam, Çankaya and Mamak districts are not very suitable for agricultural use, but other districts are generally suitable for use.
{"title":"Best-Worst Yöntemi ile Arazilerin Tarımsal Kullanıma Uygunluklarının Belirlenmesi","authors":"Gamze Akyüz, Şükran Yalpir, E. Ertunç","doi":"10.35414/akufemubid.1229833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1229833","url":null,"abstract":"The interaction of agricultural activities with the land starts with soil in the production part and continues until the consumption stage. Sustainable agricultural land for their use, a database regarding their current potential should be created and the land prepared based on this database should be evaluated by considering the use planning. The suitability of Ankara province lands for agricultural use by making use of the Geographical Information System analysis was carried out. To determine the suitability for agricultural use; Major Soil Groups, Land Use Capability Classes, soil depth, degree of erosion, elevation, slope, aspect, precipitation, and temperature criteria were used. This was done with the Best-Worst method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making approaches. It was ensured that the best and worst of the nine factors were determined by the decision makers. In the last layer, because of the analyzes made for the province of Ankara, the most appropriate land use map was created based on the natural abilities and capabilities of the lands. It has been determined that the most affecting criterion is Large Soil Groups, and Ankara's Kızılcahamam, Çankaya and Mamak districts are not very suitable for agricultural use, but other districts are generally suitable for use.","PeriodicalId":7433,"journal":{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85898079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1259929
Fatma Akalin, Nejat Yumuşak
Leukemia is the formation of cancer with different characteristic findings. According to the progress type of disease in the body is called acute or chronic. Acute leukemias are characterized by the presence of blast cells that proliferate uncontrollably in the bone marrow and then go into the blood and tissues. Determination of T/B or non T/B cell class is important in the immunophenotypic evaluation related to subtypes of blast cells. Because the diagnosis and treatment processes of B-ALL, T-ALL and T-LL subtypes, which are composed of B and T cell lines, are different. Therefore, correct diagnosis is vital. In this study, the molecular diagnosis was provided for the accurate detection of T-ALL, B-ALL and T-LL subtypes through microarray datasets. But, microarray datasets have a multidimensional structure. Because it contains information related to the disease as well as information not related to the disease. This situation also affects the training situation and computational cost of the model. For this, the whale optimization algorithm was used in the first stage of the study. Thus, related genes were selected from the data set. Secondly, the selected potential genes were given as input to the ANFIS structure. Then, in order to improve the inference power, parameter optimization related to the membership function of the ANFIS structure was provided with ABC and PSO optimization algorithms. Finally, the predictions obtained from the ANFIS, ANFIS+ABC, and ANFIS+PSO methods for each sample were classified using the logistic regression algorithm and, an accuracy rate of 86.6% was obtained.
{"title":"Mikrodizi Veri Kümesi Üzerinde Doğadan İlham Alan Optimizasyon ile Birleştirilen Uyarlanabilir Ağ Tabanlı Bulanık Çıkarım Sistemi Kullanılarak T-ALL, B-ALL ve T-LL Malignitelerinin Sınıflandırılması","authors":"Fatma Akalin, Nejat Yumuşak","doi":"10.35414/akufemubid.1259929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1259929","url":null,"abstract":"Leukemia is the formation of cancer with different characteristic findings. According to the progress type of disease in the body is called acute or chronic. Acute leukemias are characterized by the presence of blast cells that proliferate uncontrollably in the bone marrow and then go into the blood and tissues. Determination of T/B or non T/B cell class is important in the immunophenotypic evaluation related to subtypes of blast cells. Because the diagnosis and treatment processes of B-ALL, T-ALL and T-LL subtypes, which are composed of B and T cell lines, are different. Therefore, correct diagnosis is vital. In this study, the molecular diagnosis was provided for the accurate detection of T-ALL, B-ALL and T-LL subtypes through microarray datasets. But, microarray datasets have a multidimensional structure. Because it contains information related to the disease as well as information not related to the disease. This situation also affects the training situation and computational cost of the model. For this, the whale optimization algorithm was used in the first stage of the study. Thus, related genes were selected from the data set. Secondly, the selected potential genes were given as input to the ANFIS structure. Then, in order to improve the inference power, parameter optimization related to the membership function of the ANFIS structure was provided with ABC and PSO optimization algorithms. Finally, the predictions obtained from the ANFIS, ANFIS+ABC, and ANFIS+PSO methods for each sample were classified using the logistic regression algorithm and, an accuracy rate of 86.6% was obtained.","PeriodicalId":7433,"journal":{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86216921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1198907
H. Arslan
Bu çalışmada, üçlü Au-Ag-Cu sıvı alaşım sisteminin, Al-Cu-Si sıvı alaşım sisteminin ve dörtlü Al-Cu-Mg-Si sıvı alaşım sisteminin viskoziteleri altının, aliminyumun ve bakırın bir fonksiyonu olarak Au-Ag-Cu (xAg / xCu=0.543) 1373 K de, Alx(Cu50-Si50)(1-x), Cux(Al50-Si50)(1-x) 1375 K de ve Al-Cu7.6-Mg1.99-Si34.76 1500 K de farklı geometrik modeller kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Tüm sonuçlar, özellikle de Muggianu modeli ile hesaplanan sonuçlar, deneysel sonuçlarla iyi bir uyum göstermiştir. xSi = xCu, xMg / xCu = r ve r = 0.1, 0.5, 1 oranlarda Al-Cu-Mg-Si alaşımlarının viskozitelerinin alüminyumun bir fonksiyonu olarak büyük bileşimsel bağımlılık gösterdiği ve Al kompozisyonunun (0.4-0.8) arasındaki değerlerine eşlik eden viskozite değerlerinin max. ve min. (1.4-0.3) mPas olduğu görüldü.
{"title":"Viscosity Values of Ternary Au-Ag-Cu, Al-Cu-Si and Quaternary Al-Cu-Mg-Si Alloy Systems","authors":"H. Arslan","doi":"10.35414/akufemubid.1198907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1198907","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmada, üçlü Au-Ag-Cu sıvı alaşım sisteminin, Al-Cu-Si sıvı alaşım sisteminin ve dörtlü Al-Cu-Mg-Si sıvı alaşım sisteminin viskoziteleri altının, aliminyumun ve bakırın bir fonksiyonu olarak Au-Ag-Cu (xAg / xCu=0.543) 1373 K de, Alx(Cu50-Si50)(1-x), Cux(Al50-Si50)(1-x) 1375 K de ve Al-Cu7.6-Mg1.99-Si34.76 1500 K de farklı geometrik modeller kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Tüm sonuçlar, özellikle de Muggianu modeli ile hesaplanan sonuçlar, deneysel sonuçlarla iyi bir uyum göstermiştir. xSi = xCu, xMg / xCu = r ve r = 0.1, 0.5, 1 oranlarda Al-Cu-Mg-Si alaşımlarının viskozitelerinin alüminyumun bir fonksiyonu olarak büyük bileşimsel bağımlılık gösterdiği ve Al kompozisyonunun (0.4-0.8) arasındaki değerlerine eşlik eden viskozite değerlerinin max. ve min. (1.4-0.3) mPas olduğu görüldü.","PeriodicalId":7433,"journal":{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90839270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1269577
Bahattin Bozdağ
Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass., which has an annual and herbacous life form, is represented by a single species (monotypic) in Turkey. There are 1-2 rows of epidermis cells in the root cross section of the taxon. Between the epidermis and the central cylinder is the cortex, which consists of parenchymatic cells. Root has a radial vasculer bundle. The cross-section of the stem has a round shape with single row and regular lined of cortex cell over the vascular bundle as a starch sheath. The sclerenchyma cells is cover the top of floem cells in the collateral vascular bundle. The leaves is a bifacial type. There are stomas and eglandular hairs both side of the leaves. Sclerenchyma cells are both side of vascular bundles in the leaves. We determined 2x = 2n = 10 chromosome number and made chromosome measurement and haploid idiogram of species.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.1242691
Betül Arslan, Nazlı Erken, N. Canikoğlu
Bu çalışmada, silisyum nitrür/silisyum karbür (Si3N4/SiC) kompozit tozu, 2 adımlı dinamik termokimyasal yöntem ile azot ve argon atmosferlerinde silisyum oksit ve karbonun reaksiyonuyla sentezlenmiştir. Bu amaçla farklı reçeteler hazırlanmış olup nitrürlenme ve karbürlenme sıcaklıkları (1400, 1450 ve 1500°C) ile işlem süresi (1 ve 2 saat) üzerine çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Öncelikle farklı reçeteler FactSage programı yardımıyla termodinamik olarak incelenmiştir. Uygun olabilecek reçeteler belirlendikten sonra hammadde karışımları, SiO2 ve karbon siyahı kullanılarak C/SiO2 oranı 2.25 ve 3 olacak şekilde hazırlanmıştır. Toz karışımlarından elde edilen granüllere uygulanan termokimyasal işlemler sonrasında kompozit toz üretimi için en optimum sonuç, 1450°C’de 2 saat N2 atmosferinde nitrürleme ve 1450°C’de 1 saat Ar atmosferinde karbürleme işlemleriyle 4 rpm dönme hızında sağlanmıştır. Üretilen tozların mikroyapı ve faz incelemeleri SEM-EDS ve XRD yöntemleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir.
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