Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.7764/psykhe.2018.22033
Rodolfo Bernal-Gamboa, Luis A. Hernández, J. E. Reynoso-Cruz, Javier Nieto
Recently, several authors have reported evidence of helping behavior in rats. However, the mechanisms underlying such behavior are unclear. Two experiments with Wistar rats used the task developed by Sato et al. (2015) to assess whether social enhancement affects the helping response. Experiment 1 tested whether rats placed in a dry compartment adjacent to a pool-type compartment (where another rat was trapped) opened a door to allow the trapped wet rat to escape from the water. The behavior of rats was also examined by reversing the roles (wet rats were placed in the dry compartment, while dry rats were placed in the pool-type compartment). The results obtained with 16 rats, using analysis of variance (ANOVA), showed that no rat opened the door to liberate a soaked cagemate; even rats that had previously experienced soaking did not open the door to allow the trapped rat to enter the dry area. In Experiment 2, a pre-training phase was introduced that involved local enhancement (the researchers opened the door). The results obtained with 32 rats and analyzed using an ANOVA showed that, with the pre-training phase, rats learned to help a cagemate, both in the initial and role-reversal sessions. The findings are discussed based on the methodological differences of both studies (such as the housing and strain of rats). The discussion also covers the role of social learning in the modulation of helping behavior in rats, with the desire for social contact being advanced as an alternative explanation for helping behavior.
{"title":"Helping Behavior in Rats May Be Facilitated by Social Learning","authors":"Rodolfo Bernal-Gamboa, Luis A. Hernández, J. E. Reynoso-Cruz, Javier Nieto","doi":"10.7764/psykhe.2018.22033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.2018.22033","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, several authors have reported evidence of helping behavior in rats. However, the mechanisms underlying such behavior are unclear. Two experiments with Wistar rats used the task developed by Sato et al. (2015) to assess whether social enhancement affects the helping response. Experiment 1 tested whether rats placed in a dry compartment adjacent to a pool-type compartment (where another rat was trapped) opened a door to allow the trapped wet rat to escape from the water. The behavior of rats was also examined by reversing the roles (wet rats were placed in the dry compartment, while dry rats were placed in the pool-type compartment). The results obtained with 16 rats, using analysis of variance (ANOVA), showed that no rat opened the door to liberate a soaked cagemate; even rats that had previously experienced soaking did not open the door to allow the trapped rat to enter the dry area. In Experiment 2, a pre-training phase was introduced that involved local enhancement (the researchers opened the door). The results obtained with 32 rats and analyzed using an ANOVA showed that, with the pre-training phase, rats learned to help a cagemate, both in the initial and role-reversal sessions. The findings are discussed based on the methodological differences of both studies (such as the housing and strain of rats). The discussion also covers the role of social learning in the modulation of helping behavior in rats, with the desire for social contact being advanced as an alternative explanation for helping behavior.","PeriodicalId":74611,"journal":{"name":"Psykhe : revista de la Escuela de Psicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79900838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.7764/PSYKHE.30.1.1554
Manuel S. Ortiz
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si la discriminacion percibida se asocio directamente con obesidad e indirectamente via afectividad negativa y calidad de la dieta. Se realizo un muestreo no probabilistico por conveniencia de 420 sujetos, (59% mujeres; promedio edad 44 anos), quienes respondieron medidas psicologicas y autorreportaron la calidad de su dieta. El analisis de ecuaciones estructurales revelo que la discriminacion no se relaciono con el perimetro de cintura ( β = 0,072, p = 0,12) , pero si con afectividad negativa ( β = 0,47, p = 0,001) , lo que se vinculo con calidad de la dieta ( β = 0,22, p = 0,001) y esta con perimetro de cintura ( β = 0,15, p = 0,006) . El efecto indirecto via afectividad negativa y calidad de la dieta fue pequeno, pero estadisticamente significativo ( β = 0,015, p = 0,049). Los indicadores de bondad de ajuste del modelo fueron excelentes. Existe un efecto indirecto entre discriminacion y obesidad, via afectividad negativa y calidad de la dieta. Se discute sobre los efectos negativos de la discriminacion en salud y los mecanismos subyacentes a esta relacion.
{"title":"Percepción de Discriminación y Obesidad: Rol de Factores Psicológicos y Conductuales","authors":"Manuel S. Ortiz","doi":"10.7764/PSYKHE.30.1.1554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/PSYKHE.30.1.1554","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si la discriminacion percibida se asocio directamente con obesidad e indirectamente via afectividad negativa y calidad de la dieta. Se realizo un muestreo no probabilistico por conveniencia de 420 sujetos, (59% mujeres; promedio edad 44 anos), quienes respondieron medidas psicologicas y autorreportaron la calidad de su dieta. El analisis de ecuaciones estructurales revelo que la discriminacion no se relaciono con el perimetro de cintura ( β = 0,072, p = 0,12) , pero si con afectividad negativa ( β = 0,47, p = 0,001) , lo que se vinculo con calidad de la dieta ( β = 0,22, p = 0,001) y esta con perimetro de cintura ( β = 0,15, p = 0,006) . El efecto indirecto via afectividad negativa y calidad de la dieta fue pequeno, pero estadisticamente significativo ( β = 0,015, p = 0,049). Los indicadores de bondad de ajuste del modelo fueron excelentes. Existe un efecto indirecto entre discriminacion y obesidad, via afectividad negativa y calidad de la dieta. Se discute sobre los efectos negativos de la discriminacion en salud y los mecanismos subyacentes a esta relacion.","PeriodicalId":74611,"journal":{"name":"Psykhe : revista de la Escuela de Psicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81420500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-01DOI: 10.7764/PSYKHE.29.2.1420
Karen Ripoll-Núñez, S. Carrillo, Yvonne Gómez, J. Villada
El proposito de este estudio fue evaluar la asociacion entre competencias positivas, como la regulacion emocional, el afrontamiento proactivo y la conducta prosocial, y la percepcion de adolescentes colombianos sobre su bienestar y satisfaccion con la vida. A traves de una muestra por conveniencia, 930 estudiantes de 7° y 9° grado de 11 colegios publicos y privados de 2 ciudades principales de Colombia respondieron una serie de escalas que miden regulacion emocional, afrontamiento proactivo, conducta prosocial, satisfaccion con la vida y bienestar. Se realizaron analisis de regresion lineal multiple para evaluar modelos del bienestar y la satisfaccion con la vida, considerando las competencias positivas como variables predictoras. El modelo que mostro el mejor ajuste y mayor varianza explicada incluyo 2 dimensiones del afrontamiento proactivo (positivo y social), la regulacion emocional y la conducta prosocial. Recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones y el desarrollo de programas de intervencion para promover el bienestar en adolescentes son presentadas
{"title":"Predicción del Bienestar y la Satisfacción con la Vida en Adolescentes Colombianos: El Papel de la Regulación Emocional, el Afrontamiento Proactivo y la Conducta Prosocial","authors":"Karen Ripoll-Núñez, S. Carrillo, Yvonne Gómez, J. Villada","doi":"10.7764/PSYKHE.29.2.1420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/PSYKHE.29.2.1420","url":null,"abstract":"El proposito de este estudio fue evaluar la asociacion entre competencias positivas, como la regulacion emocional, el afrontamiento proactivo y la conducta prosocial, y la percepcion de adolescentes colombianos sobre su bienestar y satisfaccion con la vida. A traves de una muestra por conveniencia, 930 estudiantes de 7° y 9° grado de 11 colegios publicos y privados de 2 ciudades principales de Colombia respondieron una serie de escalas que miden regulacion emocional, afrontamiento proactivo, conducta prosocial, satisfaccion con la vida y bienestar. Se realizaron analisis de regresion lineal multiple para evaluar modelos del bienestar y la satisfaccion con la vida, considerando las competencias positivas como variables predictoras. El modelo que mostro el mejor ajuste y mayor varianza explicada incluyo 2 dimensiones del afrontamiento proactivo (positivo y social), la regulacion emocional y la conducta prosocial. Recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones y el desarrollo de programas de intervencion para promover el bienestar en adolescentes son presentadas","PeriodicalId":74611,"journal":{"name":"Psykhe : revista de la Escuela de Psicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74949216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1962
Oficina Editorial Psykhe
Como toda revista científica que utiliza el sistema de pares evaluadores, la revista Psykhe recibe la valiosa colaboración de numerosos académicos e investigadores de instituciones de variadas latitudes. Todos/as ellos/as aceptan desinteresadamente evaluar en el sistema de doble ciego los artículos que se les envían para su revisión. Nuestro equipo editorial reconoce la labor de cada uno de ellos/as, junto con la de los/as miembros del Comité Editorial. Sin la contribución de los evaluadores, mantener una revista de calidad sería imposible. A continuación, se señalan los nombres de las y los evaluadores que contribuyeron durante el año 2020. Pensamos que la calidad de la revista, se debe en gran medida al aporte de tiempo y experticia de quienes aparecen nombrados..
{"title":"Evaluadores 2020 Agradecimiento Editorial","authors":"Oficina Editorial Psykhe","doi":"10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1962","url":null,"abstract":"Como toda revista científica que utiliza el sistema de pares evaluadores, la revista Psykhe recibe la valiosa colaboración de numerosos académicos e investigadores de instituciones de variadas latitudes. Todos/as ellos/as aceptan desinteresadamente evaluar en el sistema de doble ciego los artículos que se les envían para su revisión. Nuestro equipo editorial reconoce la labor de cada uno de ellos/as, junto con la de los/as miembros del Comité Editorial. Sin la contribución de los evaluadores, mantener una revista de calidad sería imposible. A continuación, se señalan los nombres de las y los evaluadores que contribuyeron durante el año 2020. Pensamos que la calidad de la revista, se debe en gran medida al aporte de tiempo y experticia de quienes aparecen nombrados..","PeriodicalId":74611,"journal":{"name":"Psykhe : revista de la Escuela de Psicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86214326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between positive competences, such as emotion regulation, proactive coping and prosocial behavior, and Colombian adolescents' perception of their well-being and life satisfaction. Through a convenience sample, 930 7 th and 9 th grade adolescents attending 11 public and private schools in 2 main cities of Colombia answered to a set of scales that evaluate proactive coping, emotion regulation, prosocial behavior, perceived life satisfaction and well-being. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate models for adolescents' well-being and life satisfaction, with the positive competences taken as predictive variables. The model that showed the best fit and accounted for the greatest amount of variance in adolescents' well-being and life satisfaction included 2 dimensions of proactive coping (positive and social), emotion regulation and prosocial behavior. Recommendations for future research and the development of intervention programs to promote adolescents' well-being are presented.
{"title":"Predicting Well-Being and Life Satisfaction in Colombian Adolescents: The Role of Emotion Regulation, Proactive Coping, and Prosocial Behavior","authors":"Karen Ripoll, Sonia Carrillo, Yvonne Gómez, Johny Villada","doi":"10.7764/PSYKHE.29.1.1420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/PSYKHE.29.1.1420","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between positive competences, such as emotion regulation, proactive coping and prosocial behavior, and Colombian adolescents' perception of their well-being and life satisfaction. Through a convenience sample, 930 7 th and 9 th grade adolescents attending 11 public and private schools in 2 main cities of Colombia answered to a set of scales that evaluate proactive coping, emotion regulation, prosocial behavior, perceived life satisfaction and well-being. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate models for adolescents' well-being and life satisfaction, with the positive competences taken as predictive variables. The model that showed the best fit and accounted for the greatest amount of variance in adolescents' well-being and life satisfaction included 2 dimensions of proactive coping (positive and social), emotion regulation and prosocial behavior. Recommendations for future research and the development of intervention programs to promote adolescents' well-being are presented.","PeriodicalId":74611,"journal":{"name":"Psykhe : revista de la Escuela de Psicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84995745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1539
Jimena N. Rodríguez, Analía M. Salsa
En 2 estudios se indagó si y cómo la presentación bimodal de información cuantitativa impacta en la comprensión y el uso de los valores cardinales 1 a 6 por parte de niños preescolares. Se utilizó un diseño transversal correlacional-causal, conformándose una muestra por conveniencia de 108 niños de 3 y 4 años de cuatro jardines de infantes privados de la zona céntrica de la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina. Los niños de ambos grupos etarios resolvieron la tarea Dame un Número, en el Estudio 1 con palabras número y en el Estudio 2 con colecciones de objetos y en imágenes (condición unimodal iterativa) y con objetos e imágenes junto con sus correspondientes palabras número (condición bimodal). A través de pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas (prueba Kruskal-Wallis, prueba U de Mann-Whitney, prueba Chi Cuadrado, prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon), los resultados mostraron que los modos bimodales, en comparación con los unimodales, ampliaron de 2 a 4 el tamaño de las colecciones que los niños de 3 años fueron capaces de construir y de 3 a 6 a los 4 años. La modalidad semiótica es un factor clave al presentar y expresar información cuantitativa cuando los niños preescolares resuelven problemas que involucran números.
{"title":"Representación Bimodal de Valores Cardinales en la Comprensión de los Primeros Números","authors":"Jimena N. Rodríguez, Analía M. Salsa","doi":"10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1539","url":null,"abstract":"En 2 estudios se indagó si y cómo la presentación bimodal de información cuantitativa impacta en la comprensión y el uso de los valores cardinales 1 a 6 por parte de niños preescolares. Se utilizó un diseño transversal correlacional-causal, conformándose una muestra por conveniencia de 108 niños de 3 y 4 años de cuatro jardines de infantes privados de la zona céntrica de la ciudad de Rosario, Argentina. Los niños de ambos grupos etarios resolvieron la tarea Dame un Número, en el Estudio 1 con palabras número y en el Estudio 2 con colecciones de objetos y en imágenes (condición unimodal iterativa) y con objetos e imágenes junto con sus correspondientes palabras número (condición bimodal). A través de pruebas estadísticas no paramétricas (prueba Kruskal-Wallis, prueba U de Mann-Whitney, prueba Chi Cuadrado, prueba de rangos de Wilcoxon), los resultados mostraron que los modos bimodales, en comparación con los unimodales, ampliaron de 2 a 4 el tamaño de las colecciones que los niños de 3 años fueron capaces de construir y de 3 a 6 a los 4 años. La modalidad semiótica es un factor clave al presentar y expresar información cuantitativa cuando los niños preescolares resuelven problemas que involucran números.","PeriodicalId":74611,"journal":{"name":"Psykhe : revista de la Escuela de Psicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73911444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-30DOI: 10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1484
Karla Suillin Tay Karapas, Mónica Guzmán-González, Sagrario Yárnoz-Yaben
El divorcio-separación supone un proceso de adaptación al nuevo estatus, dada la serie de cambios que deben afrontarse en distintos ámbitos de la vida. En tal sentido, contar con instrumentos adaptados a la realidad chilena que permitan evaluar la adaptación al divorcio y la separación es un paso necesario para comprender este proceso. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión chilena del Cuestionario de Ajuste al Divorcio y la Separación (CAD-S, Yárnoz Yaben & Comino González, 2010). La muestra, no probabilística de conveniencia, estuvo compuesta por 348 progenitores, divorciados/as-separados/as provenientes de 4 ciudades de Chile. Los análisis dan cuenta de la idoneidad de un instrumento de 18 ítems y un análisis factorial confirmatorio apoya la estructura de 4 factores correlacionados, al igual que la versión desarrollada en España. Los coeficientes de consistencia interna de los factores, evaluados con el coeficiente Omega, fueron aceptables para las subescalas de dificultades psicológicas, conflictos con la expareja y disposición a la coparentalidad, con valores de 0,92, 0,74 y 0,83 respectivamente; mientras que para consecuencias negativas en los hijos fue 0,65, siendo un valor menos aceptable. Respecto de la evidencia de validez basada en la relación con otras variables, se obtuvieron correlaciones entre el ajuste al divorcio-separación y medidas de salud mental: depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21), y satisfacción con la vida (SWLS). La escala presenta evidencia de validez para su uso en la población estudiada.
{"title":"Evaluación de la Adaptación al Divorcio-Separación: Propiedades Psicométricas del CAD-S en el Contexto Chileno","authors":"Karla Suillin Tay Karapas, Mónica Guzmán-González, Sagrario Yárnoz-Yaben","doi":"10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1484","url":null,"abstract":"El divorcio-separación supone un proceso de adaptación al nuevo estatus, dada la serie de cambios que deben afrontarse en distintos ámbitos de la vida. En tal sentido, contar con instrumentos adaptados a la realidad chilena que permitan evaluar la adaptación al divorcio y la separación es un paso necesario para comprender este proceso. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión chilena del Cuestionario de Ajuste al Divorcio y la Separación (CAD-S, Yárnoz Yaben & Comino González, 2010). La muestra, no probabilística de conveniencia, estuvo compuesta por 348 progenitores, divorciados/as-separados/as provenientes de 4 ciudades de Chile. Los análisis dan cuenta de la idoneidad de un instrumento de 18 ítems y un análisis factorial confirmatorio apoya la estructura de 4 factores correlacionados, al igual que la versión desarrollada en España. Los coeficientes de consistencia interna de los factores, evaluados con el coeficiente Omega, fueron aceptables para las subescalas de dificultades psicológicas, conflictos con la expareja y disposición a la coparentalidad, con valores de 0,92, 0,74 y 0,83 respectivamente; mientras que para consecuencias negativas en los hijos fue 0,65, siendo un valor menos aceptable. Respecto de la evidencia de validez basada en la relación con otras variables, se obtuvieron correlaciones entre el ajuste al divorcio-separación y medidas de salud mental: depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21), y satisfacción con la vida (SWLS). La escala presenta evidencia de validez para su uso en la población estudiada.","PeriodicalId":74611,"journal":{"name":"Psykhe : revista de la Escuela de Psicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74887947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The armed conflict in Colombia has affected the population for decades. The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship among coping strategies and between these and the resilience level of a sample of young adult victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Adopting a quantitative approach of a descriptive and correlational nature and conducting a convenience sampling procedure in the Colombian municipalities of Bucamaranga, Piedecuesta, Giron, and Floridablanca, we worked with 70 young adults (23 men and 47 women), administering a semi-structured interview, the Coping Strategies Scale - Modified, and the Resilience Scale. Regarding the descriptive results obtained for the participants’ coping strategies, high scores were identified in social support, religion, aggressive reaction, and expression of coping difficulties, while low scores were found in problem-solving, waiting, emotional avoidance, seeking professional support, cognitive avoidance, positive reevaluation, denial, and autonomy. Regarding the resilience scale, low scores were observed in the sample. Lastly, correlations were found among coping strategies and between emotional avoidance and equanimity and feeling good alone, two categories of resilience. It is argued that, in this conflict situation, subjects display non-adaptive coping strategies that can influence the development of psychopathological disorders by failing to enhance resilience.
{"title":"Estrategias de Afrontamiento y Nivel de Resiliencia Presentes en Adultos Jóvenes Víctimas del Conflicto Armado Colombiano: Un Estudio Correlacional","authors":"Ara Mercedes Cerquera Córdoba, Yeferson Jahir Matajira Camacho, Arbey Jair Peña Peña","doi":"10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1513","url":null,"abstract":"The armed conflict in Colombia has affected the population for decades. The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship among coping strategies and between these and the resilience level of a sample of young adult victims of the Colombian armed conflict. Adopting a quantitative approach of a descriptive and correlational nature and conducting a convenience sampling procedure in the Colombian municipalities of Bucamaranga, Piedecuesta, Giron, and Floridablanca, we worked with 70 young adults (23 men and 47 women), administering a semi-structured interview, the Coping Strategies Scale - Modified, and the Resilience Scale. Regarding the descriptive results obtained for the participants’ coping strategies, high scores were identified in social support, religion, aggressive reaction, and expression of coping difficulties, while low scores were found in problem-solving, waiting, emotional avoidance, seeking professional support, cognitive avoidance, positive reevaluation, denial, and autonomy. Regarding the resilience scale, low scores were observed in the sample. Lastly, correlations were found among coping strategies and between emotional avoidance and equanimity and feeling good alone, two categories of resilience. It is argued that, in this conflict situation, subjects display non-adaptive coping strategies that can influence the development of psychopathological disorders by failing to enhance resilience.","PeriodicalId":74611,"journal":{"name":"Psykhe : revista de la Escuela de Psicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78913645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1431
Javiera Elisa Muñoz-Hurtado
The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of classroom talk in 2 Chilean schools located in Santiago. Both schools, which were purposively selected, have a shared interest in dialogue, but serve students from different socioeconomic status [SES] backgrounds. Observations of naturally occurring verbal interactions in 3 consecutive science lessons were conducted in 4th grade classrooms. Interactions between the teacher and the whole class were examined adopting a sociocultural discourse analysis approach, using both quantitative and qualitative data. Results show that verbal interactions with students from a lower SES background tend to be more concrete and adult-dependent. Talk in this classroom was characterised by a predominance of closed questions; however, this is not a sign of less productive interaction, but evidence of a different way of using language in academic interactions taking place in more vulnerable contexts. It is suggested that teachers and researchers need to acknowledge these linguistic characteristics of students from lower SES backgrounds in order to promote meaningful classroom talk.
{"title":"Productive Verbal Interactions in Classrooms With Children From Different Socioeconomic Backgrounds: An Empirical Study in Chilean Schools","authors":"Javiera Elisa Muñoz-Hurtado","doi":"10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1431","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of classroom talk in 2 Chilean schools located in Santiago. Both schools, which were purposively selected, have a shared interest in dialogue, but serve students from different socioeconomic status [SES] backgrounds. Observations of naturally occurring verbal interactions in 3 consecutive science lessons were conducted in 4th grade classrooms. Interactions between the teacher and the whole class were examined adopting a sociocultural discourse analysis approach, using both quantitative and qualitative data. Results show that verbal interactions with students from a lower SES background tend to be more concrete and adult-dependent. Talk in this classroom was characterised by a predominance of closed questions; however, this is not a sign of less productive interaction, but evidence of a different way of using language in academic interactions taking place in more vulnerable contexts. It is suggested that teachers and researchers need to acknowledge these linguistic characteristics of students from lower SES backgrounds in order to promote meaningful classroom talk.","PeriodicalId":74611,"journal":{"name":"Psykhe : revista de la Escuela de Psicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89543271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-27DOI: 10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1416
J. Varela, Javier Torres-Vallejos, C. González, Oriana García
Schools can be regarded as vital spaces for human development and even as factors that protect adolescents from developing risk behaviors. The present study sought to examine the perception of greater school attachment as a protective factor against peer influence in antisocial behaviors in the Chilean context. A stratified sample was used, with an equal allocation of 815 students from 7th to 12th grade enrolled in 15 schools belonging to 5 SES categories, selected randomly in the Metropolitan Region (46.6% female, with an average age of 15.11 years; SD = 1.78). An adaptation of the Communities That Care Youth Survey was used to analyze reports of antisocial behaviors at school, relationships with antisocial peers, drug use by peers, and attachment to school. A multiple regression analysis revealed an interaction effect: for students who perceive more attachment to their school, the influence of peers with antisocial behaviors is moderated relative to those with a perception of low school attachment. This result provides evidence of the importance of school attachment in preventing antisocial behaviors in adolescents and informing prevention programs in school contexts.
学校可以被视为人类发展的重要空间，甚至是保护青少年不发展危险行为的因素。本研究旨在探讨在智利的背景下，更大的学校依恋作为反社会行为中同伴影响的保护因素。采用分层抽样的方法，平均分配815名7 - 12年级学生，分别就读于首都圈5个社会经济地位类别的15所学校，其中女性占46.6%，平均年龄15.11岁;Sd = 1.78)。根据“关爱青少年社区调查”(Communities That Care Youth Survey)进行的一项研究，分析了学校反社会行为、与反社会同龄人的关系、同龄人吸毒以及对学校的依恋等方面的报告。多元回归分析揭示了一种交互效应:对学校依恋程度较高的学生，反社会行为同伴的影响相对于对学校依恋程度较低的学生有所缓和。这一结果证明了学校依恋在预防青少年反社会行为方面的重要性，并为学校环境中的预防计划提供了信息。
{"title":"La Percepción de Apego con la Escuela Como un Factor Protector Para Conductas Antisociales en Escolares Chilenos","authors":"J. Varela, Javier Torres-Vallejos, C. González, Oriana García","doi":"10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.29.2.1416","url":null,"abstract":"Schools can be regarded as vital spaces for human development and even as factors that protect adolescents from developing risk behaviors. The present study sought to examine the perception of greater school attachment as a protective factor against peer influence in antisocial behaviors in the Chilean context. A stratified sample was used, with an equal allocation of 815 students from 7th to 12th grade enrolled in 15 schools belonging to 5 SES categories, selected randomly in the Metropolitan Region (46.6% female, with an average age of 15.11 years; SD = 1.78). An adaptation of the Communities That Care Youth Survey was used to analyze reports of antisocial behaviors at school, relationships with antisocial peers, drug use by peers, and attachment to school. A multiple regression analysis revealed an interaction effect: for students who perceive more attachment to their school, the influence of peers with antisocial behaviors is moderated relative to those with a perception of low school attachment. This result provides evidence of the importance of school attachment in preventing antisocial behaviors in adolescents and informing prevention programs in school contexts.","PeriodicalId":74611,"journal":{"name":"Psykhe : revista de la Escuela de Psicologia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90996129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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