Titanium carbide (MXene) has garnered much attention in the development of high-permittivity (ε) flexible polymeric dielectrics because of its exceptionally high electrical conductivity; nevertheless, large dielectric loss at the percolating filler loading severely restricts their engineering applications. In this work, the exfoliated MXene was first surface-oxidized (O-MXene) and then encapsulated with a polydopamine (PDA) layer, and the dielectric properties of the O-MXene@PDA/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites were investigated. The findings reveal that compared with both pristine MXene and MXene@PDA, the double-shell O-MXene@PDA imparts PVDF with evidently enhanced ε and breakdown strength (E<sub>b</sub>) along with significantly lower dielectric loss. The elevated ε is ascribed to the O-MXene@PDA inducing multiple intra-particle and inter-particle polarizations. The presence of double shells not only induces deep charge traps capturing mobile charges but also raises the energy barrier for trapped charge de-trapping, subsequently leading to remarkably restrained loss and leakage current in the nanocomposites. Moreover, the second PDA interlayer enhances interfacial interactions between MXene and PVDF, and notably mitigates the strong dielectric mismatch between the two components, therefore lessening the formation of electric trees and promoting the E<sub>b</sub>. The theoretical fitting and simulations provide deep insights into the underlying multiple polarization mechanisms and the impact of the double shells on charge migration. This core@double-shell approach offers new insights into the fabrication and design of percolating nanocomposites at low filler loading with concurrently high ε and E<sub>b</sub> but low loss, presenting potential applications in power electronic devices and power systems.
{"title":"Inducing multiple polarizations in core@double-shell structured MXene/PVDF flexible nanodielectrics toward elevated overall dielectric performances","authors":"Xingxing Meng, Wenying Zhou, Na Lin, Jiahuan Zhao, Dengfeng Liu, Zhi Fang","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.65","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium carbide (MXene) has garnered much attention in the development of high-permittivity (ε) flexible polymeric dielectrics because of its exceptionally high electrical conductivity; nevertheless, large dielectric loss at the percolating filler loading severely restricts their engineering applications. In this work, the exfoliated MXene was first surface-oxidized (O-MXene) and then encapsulated with a polydopamine (PDA) layer, and the dielectric properties of the O-MXene@PDA/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites were investigated. The findings reveal that compared with both pristine MXene and MXene@PDA, the double-shell O-MXene@PDA imparts PVDF with evidently enhanced ε and breakdown strength (E<sub>b</sub>) along with significantly lower dielectric loss. The elevated ε is ascribed to the O-MXene@PDA inducing multiple intra-particle and inter-particle polarizations. The presence of double shells not only induces deep charge traps capturing mobile charges but also raises the energy barrier for trapped charge de-trapping, subsequently leading to remarkably restrained loss and leakage current in the nanocomposites. Moreover, the second PDA interlayer enhances interfacial interactions between MXene and PVDF, and notably mitigates the strong dielectric mismatch between the two components, therefore lessening the formation of electric trees and promoting the E<sub>b</sub>. The theoretical fitting and simulations provide deep insights into the underlying multiple polarization mechanisms and the impact of the double shells on charge migration. This core@double-shell approach offers new insights into the fabrication and design of percolating nanocomposites at low filler loading with concurrently high ε and E<sub>b</sub> but low loss, presenting potential applications in power electronic devices and power systems.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-melting-point liquid metals (LMs), characterized by exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical compliance, and eco-friendly, cost-effective processability, hold great promise as flexible conductors in human-machine interfaces, wearable bioelectronics, and emerging technologies. However, their intrinsic fluidity compromises device stability, while high surface tension and low viscosity present significant challenges for high-resolution patterning and scalable manufacturability. In this study, we develop a eutectic gallium indium-silver nanoparticles (EGaIn-AgNPs) biphasic conductive ink and employ electrohydrodynamic printing to achieve precise, high-resolution patterning of the EGaIn-AgNPs biphasic structure (~5 μm). This approach strategically embeds a solid phase within the LM matrix, effectively suppressing its inherent fluidity and substantially augmenting its mechanical stability and structural robustness. By leveraging the versatility and precision of electrohydrodynamic printing, we successfully fabricate lightweight, highly resolved conductive patterns that can conform seamlessly to complex and dynamic surfaces, such as human skin and plant leaves. This advancement addresses key challenges in LM-based flexible electronics, unlocking transformative opportunities in wearable electronics, implantable devices, next-generation consumer electronics, and smart agricultural systems.
{"title":"High-precision electrohydrodynamic printing of EGaIn-AgNPs biphasic conductive ink for conformal and lightweight bioelectrodes","authors":"Jingxuan Ma, Jiayun Feng, Zicheng Sa, Fanzhou Meng, Feng Zhao, Qing Sun, Yuxin Sun, Jiayue Wen, Shang Wang, Yanhong Tian","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.41","url":null,"abstract":"Low-melting-point liquid metals (LMs), characterized by exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical compliance, and eco-friendly, cost-effective processability, hold great promise as flexible conductors in human-machine interfaces, wearable bioelectronics, and emerging technologies. However, their intrinsic fluidity compromises device stability, while high surface tension and low viscosity present significant challenges for high-resolution patterning and scalable manufacturability. In this study, we develop a eutectic gallium indium-silver nanoparticles (EGaIn-AgNPs) biphasic conductive ink and employ electrohydrodynamic printing to achieve precise, high-resolution patterning of the EGaIn-AgNPs biphasic structure (~5 μm). This approach strategically embeds a solid phase within the LM matrix, effectively suppressing its inherent fluidity and substantially augmenting its mechanical stability and structural robustness. By leveraging the versatility and precision of electrohydrodynamic printing, we successfully fabricate lightweight, highly resolved conductive patterns that can conform seamlessly to complex and dynamic surfaces, such as human skin and plant leaves. This advancement addresses key challenges in LM-based flexible electronics, unlocking transformative opportunities in wearable electronics, implantable devices, next-generation consumer electronics, and smart agricultural systems.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://f.oaes.cc/xmlpdf/published/article/da989eb40d35cdf06602223ec60b3989/ss5041.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fracture energy is the property that characterizes how a material resists crack growth. In a standard measurement of fracture energy, an incision is typically introduced into the specimen. It is known that the measured fracture energy may depend on the incision curvature. However, the underlying mechanism of such dependence remains unclear. In this paper, we prepared polyacrylamide/Ca-alginate hydrogel specimens featuring incisions with circular tips of varying diameters. The fracture energy was subsequently measured through a pure shear test. We observed that the fracture energy is proportional to the incision diameter, with a slope comparable to the work of fracture for larger tip diameters. Conversely, for smaller tip diameters, the fracture energy remains independent of the incision diameter and aligns with the intrinsic fracture energy. This transition occurs at an incision diameter comparable to a material-specific scale known as the fractocohesive length. Notably, the fractocohesive length, rather than the inelastic zone scale, successfully explains the dependence of fracture energy measurement on incision curvature. The difference between these two length scales of the material here spans three orders of magnitude. These results will be helpful for establishing standards for measuring fracture energy of soft materials.
{"title":"Effect of incision curvature on measuring fracture energy of soft materials","authors":"Yudong Pan, Xueqi Zhao, Tongqing Lu","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.38","url":null,"abstract":"Fracture energy is the property that characterizes how a material resists crack growth. In a standard measurement of fracture energy, an incision is typically introduced into the specimen. It is known that the measured fracture energy may depend on the incision curvature. However, the underlying mechanism of such dependence remains unclear. In this paper, we prepared polyacrylamide/Ca-alginate hydrogel specimens featuring incisions with circular tips of varying diameters. The fracture energy was subsequently measured through a pure shear test. We observed that the fracture energy is proportional to the incision diameter, with a slope comparable to the work of fracture for larger tip diameters. Conversely, for smaller tip diameters, the fracture energy remains independent of the incision diameter and aligns with the intrinsic fracture energy. This transition occurs at an incision diameter comparable to a material-specific scale known as the fractocohesive length. Notably, the fractocohesive length, rather than the inelastic zone scale, successfully explains the dependence of fracture energy measurement on incision curvature. The difference between these two length scales of the material here spans three orders of magnitude. These results will be helpful for establishing standards for measuring fracture energy of soft materials.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://f.oaes.cc/xmlpdf/published/article/38b2c990c62dc4385bc6118624bf78bb/ss5038.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Sun, Huanhuan Lv, Gangjie Lian, Lei Wang, Mengqiu Huang, Wenbin You, Renchao Che
Core-shell structure and magnetic-dielectric coupling in functional composites are important factors for obtaining excellent electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance, but they also face challenges. In this study, magnetic FeCoNi and dielectric ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> were combined to form unique core-shell structured microspheres. The morphology characteristics, EM parameters, and absorption performance of FeCoNi@ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> composites with different annealing temperatures were investigated to reveal impedance matching and synergistic absorption mechanisms. Those results show that FeCoNi@ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>-600 (FCNZ-600) has excellent EM wave absorption properties, with the minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of -52.4 dB at 1.9 mm and the efficient absorption bandwidth of 6.08 GHz at 1.53 mm, which achieves broadband absorption. Core-shell magnetic-dielectric design provides a new perspective in efficient EM wave absorption systems.
{"title":"Dielectric shell regulation in synergy FeCoNi@ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> microspheres with broadband electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Rui Sun, Huanhuan Lv, Gangjie Lian, Lei Wang, Mengqiu Huang, Wenbin You, Renchao Che","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.21","url":null,"abstract":"Core-shell structure and magnetic-dielectric coupling in functional composites are important factors for obtaining excellent electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption performance, but they also face challenges. In this study, magnetic FeCoNi and dielectric ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> were combined to form unique core-shell structured microspheres. The morphology characteristics, EM parameters, and absorption performance of FeCoNi@ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub> composites with different annealing temperatures were investigated to reveal impedance matching and synergistic absorption mechanisms. Those results show that FeCoNi@ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>-600 (FCNZ-600) has excellent EM wave absorption properties, with the minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of -52.4 dB at 1.9 mm and the efficient absorption bandwidth of 6.08 GHz at 1.53 mm, which achieves broadband absorption. Core-shell magnetic-dielectric design provides a new perspective in efficient EM wave absorption systems.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic skin has increasingly diverse applications in health monitoring, disease diagnosis, rehabilitation therapy, and human-machine interaction. However, most electronic skin devices struggle to maintain stable performance and adhesion under complex conditions involving high body acceleration and sweat. To address these issues, we present a dynamic conformal electrode based on liquid metal, fabricated by coating the semi-liquid metal (SLM) with high conductivity of 9.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> S/m and low fluidity onto polyborosiloxane (PBS) exhibiting frequency-responsive rheological properties. The gradual deformation of PBS enables SLM to compress into microscopic skin wrinkles while avoiding hair interference. This dynamic conformal electrode can withstand significant deformation exceeding 1,000%, while also increasing the skin contact area, leading to a lower skin contact impedance of 0.1 MΩ at 1,000 Hz and improved interfacial adhesion, maintaining robust skin adhesion for over 7 days. This study demonstrates the capability of the conformal electrode to conduct long-term monitoring of electrocardiogram, electromyogram, and electroencephalogram signals in areas with rough textures, large skin deformation, and dense hair, enabling continuous dynamic monitoring of human health information. The findings highlight its broad potential for applications in health detection, disease diagnosis, rehabilitation therapy, and human-machine interaction.
{"title":"Liquid metal-based dynamic conformal electrodes","authors":"Xiaotong Liu, Chunxue Wan, Jiaping Liu, Hui Xu, Yubing Liu, Yong Liu, Yanqing Liu, Jing Liu, Hongzhang Wang, Haojun Fan, Rui Guo","doi":"10.20517/ss.2025.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.16","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic skin has increasingly diverse applications in health monitoring, disease diagnosis, rehabilitation therapy, and human-machine interaction. However, most electronic skin devices struggle to maintain stable performance and adhesion under complex conditions involving high body acceleration and sweat. To address these issues, we present a dynamic conformal electrode based on liquid metal, fabricated by coating the semi-liquid metal (SLM) with high conductivity of 9.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> S/m and low fluidity onto polyborosiloxane (PBS) exhibiting frequency-responsive rheological properties. The gradual deformation of PBS enables SLM to compress into microscopic skin wrinkles while avoiding hair interference. This dynamic conformal electrode can withstand significant deformation exceeding 1,000%, while also increasing the skin contact area, leading to a lower skin contact impedance of 0.1 MΩ at 1,000 Hz and improved interfacial adhesion, maintaining robust skin adhesion for over 7 days. This study demonstrates the capability of the conformal electrode to conduct long-term monitoring of electrocardiogram, electromyogram, and electroencephalogram signals in areas with rough textures, large skin deformation, and dense hair, enabling continuous dynamic monitoring of human health information. The findings highlight its broad potential for applications in health detection, disease diagnosis, rehabilitation therapy, and human-machine interaction.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pan Li, Jing Zhou, Yuyang Cui, Jingyu Ouyang, Ziyi Su, Yuqi Zou, Jun Liang, Fuhong Wang, Karen He, Yueheng Liu, Zihao Zeng, Fang Fang, Chong Hou, Ning Zhou, Taijiang Peng, Quan Yuan, Guangming Tao
The fibrous temperature sensor with excellent flexibility, comfort, and ease of integration into fabrics is particularly suitable for body temperature monitoring. However, the detection stability of existing fibrous temperature sensors is greatly affected by external factors such as pressing, bending, twisting, pH, humidity, and human movement. Here, we propose a fibrous temperature sensor based on an optimized scalable ionic liquid immersion process. The proposed sensor exhibited excellent temperature response characteristics, good linearity, a high sensitivity of 2.61%/°C, and can resist disturbances caused by pressing, bending, and twisting deformation. Moreover, it can work normally in acidic and alkaline environments with good reliability and stability. To demonstrate its application potential, we successfully integrated the sensor into firefighter suits, sports wristbands, and infant suits for real-time temperature monitoring and early warning.
{"title":"A scalable, robust and high-sensitivity fiber sensor for real-time body temperature monitoring","authors":"Pan Li, Jing Zhou, Yuyang Cui, Jingyu Ouyang, Ziyi Su, Yuqi Zou, Jun Liang, Fuhong Wang, Karen He, Yueheng Liu, Zihao Zeng, Fang Fang, Chong Hou, Ning Zhou, Taijiang Peng, Quan Yuan, Guangming Tao","doi":"10.20517/ss.2024.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.60","url":null,"abstract":"The fibrous temperature sensor with excellent flexibility, comfort, and ease of integration into fabrics is particularly suitable for body temperature monitoring. However, the detection stability of existing fibrous temperature sensors is greatly affected by external factors such as pressing, bending, twisting, pH, humidity, and human movement. Here, we propose a fibrous temperature sensor based on an optimized scalable ionic liquid immersion process. The proposed sensor exhibited excellent temperature response characteristics, good linearity, a high sensitivity of 2.61%/°C, and can resist disturbances caused by pressing, bending, and twisting deformation. Moreover, it can work normally in acidic and alkaline environments with good reliability and stability. To demonstrate its application potential, we successfully integrated the sensor into firefighter suits, sports wristbands, and infant suits for real-time temperature monitoring and early warning.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147331997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels display huge potential in tissue engineering, flexible and wearable electronic devices and soft robotics, their low intrinsic thermal conductivity and weak mechanical properties severely limit their wider applications in these areas. Herein, a Hofmeister effect-assisted “directional freezing-stretching” tactic is employed for simultaneously enhancing the intrinsic thermal conduction and mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels. The hydrogels are obtained through directional freezing followed by salting-out treatment and subsequent mechanical stretching and salting-out (DFS). The DFS PVA hydrogel with 15 wt% of PVA and a stretching ratio of 4 (DFS4) exhibits the highest thermal conductivity of 1.25 W/(m·K), which is 2.4 and 2.8 times that of PVA hydrogel prepared through frozen-thawed (FT) [0.52 W/(m·K)] and frozen-salted out (FS) [0.45 W/(m·K)] methods, respectively. The DFS4 PVA hydrogel also possesses greatly improved mechanical performances, exhibiting an elongation at break of 163.1%. In addition, the tensile strength, toughness, and elastic modulus of DFS4 PVA hydrogel significantly increase to 27.1 MPa, 25.3 MJ·m-3, and 21.5 MPa from 0.4 MPa, 0.32 MJ·m-3, and 0.07 MPa for FT PVA hydrogels, respectively. It is elucidated that the salting-out effect generates hydrophobic and crystalline regions, while directional freezing and stretching enhance the chain orientation in the DFS strategy. These effects synergistically contribute to the improvement of thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels.
{"title":"Strong and tough polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with high intrinsic thermal conductivity","authors":"Junliang Zhang, Chenyang Tang, Qingqing Kong, Mukun He, Peng Lv, Hua Guo, Yongqiang Guo, Xuetao Shi, Junwei Gu","doi":"10.20517/ss.2024.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.72","url":null,"abstract":"Although polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels display huge potential in tissue engineering, flexible and wearable electronic devices and soft robotics, their low intrinsic thermal conductivity and weak mechanical properties severely limit their wider applications in these areas. Herein, a Hofmeister effect-assisted “directional freezing-stretching” tactic is employed for simultaneously enhancing the intrinsic thermal conduction and mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels. The hydrogels are obtained through directional freezing followed by salting-out treatment and subsequent mechanical stretching and salting-out (DFS). The DFS PVA hydrogel with 15 wt% of PVA and a stretching ratio of 4 (DFS4) exhibits the highest thermal conductivity of 1.25 W/(m·K), which is 2.4 and 2.8 times that of PVA hydrogel prepared through frozen-thawed (FT) [0.52 W/(m·K)] and frozen-salted out (FS) [0.45 W/(m·K)] methods, respectively. The DFS4 PVA hydrogel also possesses greatly improved mechanical performances, exhibiting an elongation at break of 163.1%. In addition, the tensile strength, toughness, and elastic modulus of DFS4 PVA hydrogel significantly increase to 27.1 MPa, 25.3 MJ·m-3, and 21.5 MPa from 0.4 MPa, 0.32 MJ·m-3, and 0.07 MPa for FT PVA hydrogels, respectively. It is elucidated that the salting-out effect generates hydrophobic and crystalline regions, while directional freezing and stretching enhance the chain orientation in the DFS strategy. These effects synergistically contribute to the improvement of thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dae‐Yeon Jo, Hyun‐Min Kim, Goo Min Park, Donghyeok Shin, Yuri Kim, Yang-Hee Kim, Chae Woo Ryu, Heesun Yang
Environment-benign indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) show great promise as visible emitters for next-generation display applications, where bright and narrow emissivity of QDs should be required toward high-efficiency, high-color reproducibility. The photoluminescence (PL) performance of InP QDs has been consistently, markedly improved, particularly owing to the exquisite synthetic control over core size homogeneity and core/shell heterostructural variation. To date, synthesis of most high-quality InP QDs has been implemented by using zinc (Zn) carboxylate as a shell precursor that unavoidably entails the formation of surface oxide on InP core. Herein, we demonstrate synthesis of superbly bright, color-pure green InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs by exploring an innovative hybrid Zn shelling approach, where Zn halide (ZnX2, X = Cl, Br, I) and Zn oleate are co-used as shell precursors. In the hybrid Zn shelling process, the type of ZnX2 is found to affect the growth outcomes of ZnSe inner shell and consequent optical properties of the resulting heterostructured InP QDs. Enabled by not only the near-complete removal of the oxide layer on InP core surface through the hybrid Zn shelling process but the controlled growth rate of ZnSe inner shell, green InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs achieve a record quantum yield (QY) up to unity along with a highly sharp linewidth of 32 nm upon growth of an optimal ZnSe shell thickness. This work affords an effective means to synthesize high-quality heterostructured InP QDs with superb emissive properties.
{"title":"Unity quantum yield of InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots enabled by Zn halide-derived hybrid shelling approach","authors":"Dae‐Yeon Jo, Hyun‐Min Kim, Goo Min Park, Donghyeok Shin, Yuri Kim, Yang-Hee Kim, Chae Woo Ryu, Heesun Yang","doi":"10.20517/ss.2024.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.19","url":null,"abstract":"Environment-benign indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) show great promise as visible emitters for next-generation display applications, where bright and narrow emissivity of QDs should be required toward high-efficiency, high-color reproducibility. The photoluminescence (PL) performance of InP QDs has been consistently, markedly improved, particularly owing to the exquisite synthetic control over core size homogeneity and core/shell heterostructural variation. To date, synthesis of most high-quality InP QDs has been implemented by using zinc (Zn) carboxylate as a shell precursor that unavoidably entails the formation of surface oxide on InP core. Herein, we demonstrate synthesis of superbly bright, color-pure green InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs by exploring an innovative hybrid Zn shelling approach, where Zn halide (ZnX2, X = Cl, Br, I) and Zn oleate are co-used as shell precursors. In the hybrid Zn shelling process, the type of ZnX2 is found to affect the growth outcomes of ZnSe inner shell and consequent optical properties of the resulting heterostructured InP QDs. Enabled by not only the near-complete removal of the oxide layer on InP core surface through the hybrid Zn shelling process but the controlled growth rate of ZnSe inner shell, green InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs achieve a record quantum yield (QY) up to unity along with a highly sharp linewidth of 32 nm upon growth of an optimal ZnSe shell thickness. This work affords an effective means to synthesize high-quality heterostructured InP QDs with superb emissive properties.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Skin is a rich source of invaluable information for healthcare management and disease diagnostics. The integration of soft skin electronics enables precise and timely capture of these cues at the skin interface. Leveraging attributes such as lightweight design, compact size, high integration, biocompatibility, and enhanced comfort, these technologies hold significant promise for advancing various applications. However, the fabrication process for most existing soft skin electronics typically requires expensive platforms and clean-room environments, potentially inflating production costs. In recent years, the emergence of laser-induced-graphene (LIG) has presented a practical solution for developing soft skin electronics that are both cost-effective and high-performing. This advancement paves the way for the widespread adoption of intelligent healthcare technologies. Here, we comprehensively review recent studies focusing on LIG-based soft skin electronics (LIGS2E) for intelligent healthcare applications. We first outline the preparation methodologies, fundamental properties of LIG, and standard regulation strategies employed in developing soft skin electronics. Subsequently, we present an overview of various LIGS2E designs and their diverse applications in intelligent healthcare. These applications encompass biophysical and biochemical sensors, bio-actuators, and power supply systems. Finally, we deliberate on the potential challenges associated with the practical implementation of LIGS2E in healthcare settings and offer insights into future directions for research and development. By elucidating the capabilities and limitations of LIGS2E, this review aims to contribute to advancing intelligent healthcare technologies.
皮肤是医疗保健管理和疾病诊断的宝贵信息的丰富来源。集成软皮肤电子元件可在皮肤界面精确、及时地捕捉这些线索。这些技术具有设计轻巧、体积小巧、集成度高、生物相容性好和舒适度高的特点，在推动各种应用方面大有可为。然而，大多数现有软皮肤电子器件的制造工艺通常需要昂贵的平台和洁净室环境，这可能会抬高生产成本。近年来，激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）的出现为开发具有成本效益和高性能的软皮肤电子器件提供了一种实用的解决方案。这一进步为智能医疗保健技术的广泛应用铺平了道路。在此，我们全面回顾了近期有关基于 LIG 的智能医疗应用软皮肤电子器件（LIGS2E）的研究。我们首先概述了制备方法、LIG 的基本特性以及开发软皮肤电子器件所采用的标准调节策略。随后，我们概述了各种 LIGS2E 设计及其在智能医疗保健领域的各种应用。这些应用包括生物物理和生物化学传感器、生物执行器和供电系统。最后，我们探讨了在医疗保健领域实际应用 LIGS2E 所面临的潜在挑战，并对未来的研发方向提出了见解。通过阐明 LIGS2E 的能力和局限性，本综述旨在为推动智能医疗保健技术的发展做出贡献。
{"title":"Recent advances in laser-induced-graphene-based soft skin electronics for intelligent healthcare","authors":"Zhiqiang Ma, B. L. Khoo","doi":"10.20517/ss.2024.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.20","url":null,"abstract":"Skin is a rich source of invaluable information for healthcare management and disease diagnostics. The integration of soft skin electronics enables precise and timely capture of these cues at the skin interface. Leveraging attributes such as lightweight design, compact size, high integration, biocompatibility, and enhanced comfort, these technologies hold significant promise for advancing various applications. However, the fabrication process for most existing soft skin electronics typically requires expensive platforms and clean-room environments, potentially inflating production costs. In recent years, the emergence of laser-induced-graphene (LIG) has presented a practical solution for developing soft skin electronics that are both cost-effective and high-performing. This advancement paves the way for the widespread adoption of intelligent healthcare technologies. Here, we comprehensively review recent studies focusing on LIG-based soft skin electronics (LIGS2E) for intelligent healthcare applications. We first outline the preparation methodologies, fundamental properties of LIG, and standard regulation strategies employed in developing soft skin electronics. Subsequently, we present an overview of various LIGS2E designs and their diverse applications in intelligent healthcare. These applications encompass biophysical and biochemical sensors, bio-actuators, and power supply systems. Finally, we deliberate on the potential challenges associated with the practical implementation of LIGS2E in healthcare settings and offer insights into future directions for research and development. By elucidating the capabilities and limitations of LIGS2E, this review aims to contribute to advancing intelligent healthcare technologies.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"97 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kang Hyeon Kim, Jeong Hyeon Kim, Yu Jin Ko, Han Eol Lee
The lack of infrastructure and accessibility in medical treatments has been considered as a global chronic issue since the concept of treatment and prevention was presented. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical reaction capability for epidemic outbreak/spread has been spotlighted as a critical issue to the fore worldwide. To reduce the burden on the medical system from the simultaneous disease emergence, the personalized wearable electronic systems have arisen as the next-generation biomedical monitoring/treating equipment for infectious diseases at the initial stage. In particular, electronic skin (e-skin) with its potential for multifunctional extendibility has been enabled to be applied to next-generation long-term healthcare devices with real-time biosignal sensing. Here, we introduce the recent enhancements of various e-skin systems for healthcare applications in terms of material types and device structures, including sensor components, biological signal sensing mechanisms, applicable technological advancements, and medical utilization.
{"title":"Body-attachable multifunctional electronic skins for bio-signal monitoring and therapeutic applications","authors":"Kang Hyeon Kim, Jeong Hyeon Kim, Yu Jin Ko, Han Eol Lee","doi":"10.20517/ss.2024.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.09","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of infrastructure and accessibility in medical treatments has been considered as a global chronic issue since the concept of treatment and prevention was presented. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical reaction capability for epidemic outbreak/spread has been spotlighted as a critical issue to the fore worldwide. To reduce the burden on the medical system from the simultaneous disease emergence, the personalized wearable electronic systems have arisen as the next-generation biomedical monitoring/treating equipment for infectious diseases at the initial stage. In particular, electronic skin (e-skin) with its potential for multifunctional extendibility has been enabled to be applied to next-generation long-term healthcare devices with real-time biosignal sensing. Here, we introduce the recent enhancements of various e-skin systems for healthcare applications in terms of material types and device structures, including sensor components, biological signal sensing mechanisms, applicable technological advancements, and medical utilization.","PeriodicalId":74837,"journal":{"name":"Soft science","volume":"139 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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